Direct-current high-voltage power supply module and high-voltage operation equipment

Abstract

The utility model discloses a direct-current high-voltage power supply module and high-voltage operation equipment. The direct-current high-voltage power supply module is formed by sequentially connecting an input filter circuit, an input protection circuit, a flyback converter circuit and an output rectification filter circuit, the input end of the input filter circuit is connected with an external direct-current low-voltage power supply; the output end of the output rectifier filter circuit outputs direct-current high voltage; the input end of the voltage feedback circuit is connected with the second feedback signal end of the output rectification filter circuit, and the output end of the voltage feedback circuit is connected with the voltage feedback signal end of the PWM control circuit; the input end of the PWM control circuit is connected with the output end of the input protection circuit, and the output end of the PWM control circuit is connected with the duty ratio adjusting signal end of the flyback converter circuit. According to the utility model, the stability of output voltage can be ensured, the conversion efficiency is higher, the size is smaller, and the heat dissipation performance is better.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to power supply technology modules, and more particularly to a DC high-voltage power supply module and high-voltage operation equipment. Background Technology

[0002] High-voltage power supply modules are widely used in modern industry, communications, and power equipment, especially in 5G base stations, electric vehicles, and industrial automation control systems, where high voltage input is required along with high efficiency and stability. However, in the current market, many high-voltage power supply modules rely on imported components, and the supply chain is significantly affected by the external environment, posing challenges to domestic companies in terms of cost and technological autonomy.

[0003] Traditional high-voltage power supplies rely on linear regulators or complex push-pull and full-bridge power supply designs, which suffer from large size, low efficiency, and high heat loss in high-frequency environments. They are difficult to meet the requirements of modern equipment for compact and efficient power supplies, and key components such as PWM control chips and high-voltage switching devices are mostly imported. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the problems of large size, low efficiency, and high heat loss in traditional high-voltage power supplies, this invention provides a DC high-voltage power supply module and high-voltage operation equipment.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this utility model is:

[0006] This utility model provides a DC high-voltage power supply module, including an input filter circuit, an input protection circuit, a flyback converter circuit, a PWM control circuit, an output rectifier filter circuit, and a voltage feedback circuit; wherein,

[0007] The input filter circuit, input protection circuit, flyback converter circuit, and output rectifier filter circuit are connected in sequence; the input terminal of the input filter circuit is connected to an external low-voltage DC power supply, and the output terminal of the output rectifier filter circuit outputs a high-voltage DC power supply.

[0008] The input terminal of the voltage feedback circuit is connected to the second feedback signal terminal of the output rectifier and filter circuit, and the output terminal of the voltage feedback circuit is connected to the voltage feedback signal terminal of the PWM control circuit.

[0009] The input terminal of the PWM control circuit is connected to the output terminal of the input protection circuit, and the output terminal of the PWM control circuit is connected to the duty cycle adjustment signal terminal of the flyback converter circuit.

[0010] The input DC voltage passes through the input filter circuit and the input protection circuit in sequence, and then is input to the flyback converter circuit and the PWM control circuit respectively. The flyback converter circuit outputs a high-frequency pulse voltage and a first feedback signal, wherein the high-frequency pulse voltage is input to the output rectifier filter circuit. The output rectifier filter circuit outputs a high DC voltage and generates a second feedback signal. The first feedback signal and the second feedback signal are input to the voltage feedback circuit respectively. The voltage feedback circuit outputs a voltage feedback signal, which is then sent to the flyback converter circuit via the PWM control circuit to output a duty cycle adjustment signal.

[0011] According to the above scheme, the flyback converter circuit includes an energy conversion circuit composed of a high-frequency switching transistor and a transformer; wherein the gate of the high-frequency switching transistor is connected to the duty cycle adjustment signal terminal of the PWM control circuit, the source of the high-frequency switching transistor is connected to the current sampling resistor and grounded, and the drain of the high-frequency switching transistor is connected to the primary winding of the transformer; the transformer also includes a secondary winding of the transformer.

[0012] According to the above scheme, the secondary winding of the transformer includes a first output winding and a second output winding; the first output winding outputs a high-frequency pulse voltage; and the second output winding outputs a first feedback signal.

[0013] According to the above scheme, the output rectifier and filter circuit includes a rectifier circuit and a filter circuit composed of capacitors and inductors.

[0014] According to the above scheme, the input protection circuit includes a transistor and its peripheral circuits; wherein, the emitter of the transistor is grounded, the base of the transistor is connected to the output terminal of the input filter circuit through a current-limiting resistor, and the collector of the transistor is connected to the input terminal of the PWM control circuit, wherein the input terminal of the PWM control circuit is specifically the soft-start pin.

[0015] According to the above scheme, the PWM control circuit includes a VPC2188 chip and its peripheral circuitry; wherein the duty cycle adjustment signal of the VPC2188 chip is connected to the gate of the high-frequency switching transistor of the flyback converter circuit. ， The power input of the VPC2188 chip is connected to the output of the input protection circuit, and the voltage feedback signal of the VPC2188 chip is connected to the output of the voltage feedback circuit.

[0016] According to the above scheme, the voltage feedback circuit includes a CJ431B reference voltage source, an HPC357 optocoupler and its peripheral circuits; one end of the LED terminal of the HPC357 optocoupler is connected to the secondary winding of the transformer of the flyback converter circuit through a series current-limiting resistor, and the other end is connected to the cathode of the CJ431B reference voltage source; the phototransistor terminal of the HPC357 optocoupler is connected to the voltage feedback signal terminal of the PWM control circuit; the anode of the CJ431B reference voltage source is grounded, and the reference terminal is connected to the second feedback signal terminal of the output rectifier and filter circuit.

[0017] According to the above scheme, the external DC low-voltage power supply includes a DC regulated power supply or a battery.

[0018] According to the above scheme, the input voltage range of the external DC low-voltage power supply is 18-36V, and the output voltage range of the output rectifier and filter circuit is 495-505V.

[0019] This utility model also provides a high-voltage operating device, including the DC high-voltage power supply module described above.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0021] This invention optimizes the circuit layout, converts voltage through a flyback converter circuit, and uses a PWM control circuit and a voltage feedback circuit to enable the power module to control the switching frequency of the high-frequency switching transistor in the flyback converter circuit according to the output voltage change, ensuring the stability of the output voltage, and having higher power conversion efficiency, smaller size, and better heat dissipation performance.

[0022] Furthermore, the circuit in this utility model uses domestically produced electronic components, reducing reliance on imported products and effectively solving the problem of difficulty in localizing key components of high-voltage power supplies in the prior art, thereby enhancing the self-controllability and cost advantage of the supply chain. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of a DC high-voltage power supply module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the input filter circuit structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the input protection circuit structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a PWM converter circuit structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the flyback converter circuit structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the output rectifier and filter circuit structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a voltage feedback circuit structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain this utility model and are not intended to limit this utility model.

[0031] To address the problems of large size, low efficiency, poor heat dissipation, and high dependence on imported components in traditional high-voltage power supplies, this utility model provides a DC high-voltage power supply module, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the power supply module includes: an input filter circuit, an input protection circuit, a flyback converter circuit, a PWM control circuit, an output rectifier filter circuit, and a voltage feedback circuit.

[0032] The input filter circuit, input protection circuit, flyback converter circuit, and output rectifier filter circuit are connected in sequence; the input terminal of the input filter circuit is connected to an external low-voltage DC power supply, and the output terminal of the output rectifier filter circuit outputs a high-voltage DC power supply.

[0033] The input terminal of the voltage feedback circuit is also connected to the second feedback signal terminal of the output rectifier filter circuit, and the output terminal of the voltage feedback circuit is connected to the voltage feedback signal terminal of the PWM control circuit.

[0034] The input terminal of the PWM control circuit is connected to the output terminal of the input protection circuit, and the output terminal of the PWM control circuit is connected to the duty cycle adjustment signal terminal of the flyback converter circuit.

[0035] The input DC voltage passes through the input filter circuit and the input protection circuit in sequence, and then is input to the flyback converter circuit and the PWM control circuit respectively. The flyback converter circuit outputs a high-frequency pulse voltage and a first feedback signal, wherein the high-frequency pulse voltage is input to the output rectifier filter circuit. The output rectifier filter circuit outputs a high DC voltage and generates a second feedback signal. The first feedback signal and the second feedback signal are input to the voltage feedback circuit respectively. The voltage feedback circuit outputs a voltage feedback signal, which is then sent to the flyback converter circuit via the PWM control circuit to output a duty cycle adjustment signal.

[0036] Specifically, the flyback converter circuit controls the energy storage and release of the transformer through a high-frequency switching transistor, generating a high-frequency pulse voltage on the secondary side of the transformer. This pulse voltage is input to the output rectifier and filter circuit. After rectifying and filtering the pulse voltage, the output rectifier and filter circuit outputs a stable DC high voltage and simultaneously generates a second feedback signal, which is input to the voltage feedback circuit. In addition, the flyback converter circuit also generates a first feedback signal, which is input to the voltage feedback circuit. The voltage feedback circuit outputs a voltage feedback signal and inputs it to the PWM control circuit. The PWM control circuit outputs a duty cycle adjustment signal and inputs it to the flyback converter circuit to adjust the on and off times of the high-frequency switching transistor, thereby achieving voltage regulation control.

[0037] The input filter circuit and input protection circuit ensure the stability and safety of the input voltage; the flyback converter circuit is used to achieve voltage conversion and isolation; the PWM control circuit is used to adjust the switching frequency of the high-frequency switching transistor in the flyback converter circuit, and to monitor and control the conduction and shutdown of the high-frequency switching transistor to ensure constant voltage output and regulation and distribution of the high-frequency switching transistor; the high-frequency pulse voltage output by the flyback converter circuit is rectified and filtered by the output circuit to obtain a stable DC voltage; the voltage feedback circuit affects the current flowing through the optocoupler through voltage changes, thereby affecting the PWM control circuit to adjust the PWM duty cycle of the high-frequency switching transistor in the flyback converter circuit, ensuring the accuracy and stability of the output voltage.

[0038] Specifically, the input filter circuit is connected to the input port, which is connected to a DC regulated power supply or a battery, receiving an input DC voltage within the range of (18-36)V. This input DC voltage is then fed into the input filter circuit, which suppresses high-frequency noise and ripple, ensuring a clean and stable input voltage. Subsequently, the voltage passes through the input protection circuit, which features reverse connection and overvoltage protection to prevent circuit damage caused by incorrect wiring or abnormal input voltage.

[0039] The voltage-input flyback converter circuit, after passing through the input filtering circuit and input protection circuit, specifically includes an energy conversion circuit composed of a high-frequency switching transistor V2 and a transformer T1. The gate of the high-frequency switching transistor is connected to the output terminal of the PWM control circuit, the source of the high-frequency switching transistor is connected to the protected voltage, and the drain of the high-frequency switching transistor is connected to the primary winding of the transformer. When the high-frequency switching transistor is turned on, the input voltage stores energy in the magnetic field of the transformer. When the high-frequency switching transistor is turned off, the stored energy is released through the secondary winding of the transformer and rectified and filtered to form a stable DC high-voltage output.

[0040] In this embodiment, the secondary winding of the transformer includes a first output winding and a second output winding. The first output winding outputs a high-frequency pulse voltage for the load, and the second output winding outputs a first feedback signal. The high-frequency pulse voltage output by the first output winding is input to an output rectifier and filter circuit, and after passing through a resistor, outputs a second feedback signal. Simultaneously, the output rectifier and filter circuit first rectifies the high-frequency pulse voltage output from the transformer's secondary winding, and then further smooths the rectified voltage through a filter capacitor, ensuring a stable output voltage at the output terminal after rectification and filtering. The output rectifier and filter circuit is connected to an output port, which is connected to the power supply load, outputting a DC high voltage within the range of (495-505)V.

[0041] Specifically, the first feedback signal generated by the second output winding is rectified and filtered before entering the voltage feedback circuit. Simultaneously, the output voltage of the output rectifier and filter circuit is divided by resistors to form a second feedback signal, which is then input to the voltage feedback circuit. The voltage feedback circuit couples the second feedback signal into a voltage feedback signal via an optocoupler and inputs it to the PWM control circuit, achieving electrical isolation between the input and output. The PWM control circuit detects the voltage feedback signal through a control chip and adjusts its output to the flyback converter circuit's duty cycle adjustment signal, thereby controlling the conduction time of the high-frequency switching transistor in the flyback converter circuit. By dynamically adjusting the duty cycle of the high-frequency switching transistor, the energy transfer of the flyback converter is adjusted, achieving closed-loop control and ensuring that the output voltage remains stable even under input voltage fluctuations or load changes, thus improving the system's accuracy and reliability.

[0042] Furthermore, the power module of this embodiment has a maximum load capacity of 60mA.

[0043] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the input filter circuit includes a MOSFET V1, capacitors C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, and inductor L1, which are used to suppress high-frequency noise and ripple and ensure the stability of the input voltage.

[0044] like Figure 3 As shown, the input protection circuit consists of MOSFET V1, diodes D1, D2, and D3, capacitors C3, C4, and C5, resistors R1, R2, R3, and R29, and transistor U1. MOSFET V1 provides reverse connection protection to prevent damage to the circuit when the power supply is reversed. Diodes D2 and D3, along with resistors R2 and R3, form a voltage detection and protection circuit to monitor the input voltage status. Transistor U1 acts as a control switch; its base is triggered by a voltage divider formed by D2, D3, R2, and R3. When the input voltage is abnormal (e.g., overvoltage or undervoltage), U1 turns on or off to control the power supply status of subsequent circuits. The emitter of transistor U1 is grounded, its base is connected to the output of the input filter circuit via a current-limiting resistor, and its collector is connected to the input of the PWM control circuit, specifically the soft-start terminal (SS terminal). Figure 2 The MOSFET V1, capacitors C3, C4, and C5 are... Figure 3 The MOSFET V1, capacitors C3, C4, and C5 are shared by the input filter circuit and the input protection circuit. The input protection circuit is connected to the PWM control circuit through port L1 to ensure that the control chip receives the protected input voltage signal.

[0045] like Figure 4As shown, the PWM control circuit consists of a control chip U3 and peripheral capacitors, inductors, and other components. Chip U3's VIN (power supply pin) is connected to the output of the input protection circuit, providing the chip with its operating voltage. Chip U3's COM (compensation pin) is connected to the output of the voltage feedback circuit; this port is used to adjust error compensation and stabilize the PWM output. Chip U3's GATE (drive output pin) is connected to the gate of the high-frequency switch in the flyback converter circuit via port l3, controlling the switch's on / off state. Chip U3's CS (current sampling pin) is connected between current sampling resistors R13 and R15 via port l4, used to detect the converter's current signal and limit the PWM output in overcurrent conditions. Port l2 is connected to the front end of R12, providing the necessary operating current for the PWM control circuit. The PWM control circuit is tightly coupled to the flyback converter circuit through ports l2, l3, and l4, forming a closed-loop control to ensure that the output voltage remains stable under input voltage fluctuations or load changes.

[0046] like Figure 5 As shown, the flyback converter circuit includes a transformer T1, a high-frequency switching transistor V2, and peripheral circuitry composed of diodes, capacitors, and inductors. It converts the input DC power into high-frequency AC power and transmits it to the secondary winding. The high-frequency switching transistor V2 is responsible for high-frequency switching, controlling the energy storage and dissipation of the transformer. The gate of the high-frequency switching transistor V2 is connected to the PWM control circuit via port L3 to receive drive signals and control the switching on and off. The source of the high-frequency switching transistor V2 is connected to the CS terminal of the PWM control circuit via port L4 for current detection and overcurrent protection. The drain of the high-frequency switching transistor V2 is connected to the primary winding of the transformer T1, serving as an energy transmission channel. Additionally, the flyback converter circuit is connected to the output rectifier and filter circuit via ports L5, L6, L7, and L8.

[0047] like Figure 6 As shown, the output rectifier and filter circuit consists of a rectifier circuit and a filter circuit, specifically including rectifier diodes (D7, D8, D9), a filter capacitor, and an output inductor. It is used to rectify and smooth the high-frequency pulse voltage output from the flyback converter to obtain a stable DC output voltage. Rectifier diodes D7 and D8 form a voltage doubler rectifier circuit, each outputting approximately 250V, which is then combined to form approximately 500V high-voltage DC. Rectifier diode D9 is connected to the second winding of transformer T1 in the flyback converter circuit to provide a feedback voltage signal, which is input to the voltage feedback circuit. The output rectifier and filter circuit is connected to the secondary winding of the flyback converter circuit through port L5. The rectified high-voltage DC is smoothed by the filter capacitor and then connected to the voltage feedback circuit through port L9.

[0048] like Figure 7As shown, the voltage feedback circuit includes an optocoupler U4, a reference voltage source U5, and surrounding circuitry composed of resistors, capacitors, and inductors. One end of the LED terminal of the optocoupler U4 is connected to the secondary winding of the transformer in the flyback converter circuit via a series current-limiting resistor, while the other end is connected to the cathode of the reference voltage source U5. This allows for real-time adjustment of the optocoupler's conduction level, thereby affecting the feedback signal at the COM pin and achieving precise regulation and stable control of the output voltage. The phototransistor terminal of the optocoupler U4 is connected to the COM pin of chip U3 in the PWM control circuit, which serves as the voltage feedback signal terminal, for dynamically adjusting the duty cycle. The anode of the reference voltage source U5 is grounded, and the reference terminal is connected to the second feedback signal terminal of the output rectifier and filter circuit. The reference voltage source U5 sets the reference voltage through voltage divider resistors R21, R22, and R23 and compares it with the voltage after rectification and filtering of the secondary winding of transformer T1 by D9. Figure 6 The resistors R21 and R22 are Figure 7 The resistors R21 and R22 are shared by the output rectifier filter circuit and the voltage feedback circuit.

[0049] Specifically, in this embodiment of the invention, the electronic components in each circuit of the DC high voltage power supply module are all domestically produced electronic components.

[0050] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the voltage feedback circuit uses CJ431B from Changjing Technology as the reference voltage source U5 and HPC357 from Zhuzhou Hongda as the optocoupler U4 for isolated transmission of the feedback signal; the PWM control circuit uses VPC2188 chip from Yuante Technology as the control chip U3 for detecting the voltage feedback signal and adjusting the duty cycle to achieve output voltage regulation control.

[0051] In addition, this utility model also provides a high-voltage operating device, including the DC high-voltage power supply module described above.

[0052] This utility model provides a DC high-voltage power supply module that optimizes the circuit layout, converts voltage through a flyback converter circuit, and uses a PWM control circuit and a voltage feedback circuit to adjust the duty cycle of the high-frequency switching transistor in the flyback converter circuit according to the output voltage change, thereby controlling the switching frequency of the high-frequency switching transistor, ensuring the stability of the output voltage, and having higher power conversion efficiency, smaller size, and better heat dissipation performance.

[0053] Furthermore, the circuit in this utility model uses domestically produced electronic components, reducing reliance on imported products and effectively solving the problem of difficulty in localizing key components of high-voltage power supplies in the prior art, thereby enhancing the self-controllability and cost advantage of the supply chain.

[0054] It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make improvements or modifications based on the above description, and all such improvements and modifications should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A DC high-voltage power supply module, characterized in that, It includes an input filter circuit, an input protection circuit, a flyback converter circuit, a PWM control circuit, an output rectifier filter circuit, and a voltage feedback circuit; among which, The input filter circuit, input protection circuit, flyback converter circuit, and output rectifier filter circuit are connected in sequence; the input terminal of the input filter circuit is connected to an external low-voltage DC power supply, and the output terminal of the output rectifier filter circuit outputs a high-voltage DC power supply. The input terminal of the voltage feedback circuit is connected to the second feedback signal terminal of the output rectifier and filter circuit, and the output terminal of the voltage feedback circuit is connected to the voltage feedback signal terminal of the PWM control circuit. The input terminal of the PWM control circuit is connected to the output terminal of the input protection circuit, and the output terminal of the PWM control circuit is connected to the duty cycle adjustment signal terminal of the flyback converter circuit. The input DC voltage passes through the input filter circuit and the input protection circuit in sequence, and then is input to the flyback converter circuit and the PWM control circuit respectively. The flyback converter circuit outputs a high-frequency pulse voltage and a first feedback signal, wherein the high-frequency pulse voltage is input to the output rectifier filter circuit. The output rectifier filter circuit outputs a high DC voltage and generates a second feedback signal. The first feedback signal and the second feedback signal are input to the voltage feedback circuit respectively. The voltage feedback circuit outputs a voltage feedback signal, which is then sent to the flyback converter circuit via the PWM control circuit to output a duty cycle adjustment signal.

2. The DC high-voltage power supply module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flyback converter circuit includes an energy conversion circuit composed of a high-frequency switching transistor and a transformer; wherein the gate of the high-frequency switching transistor is connected to the duty cycle adjustment signal terminal of the PWM control circuit, the source of the high-frequency switching transistor is connected to the current sampling resistor and grounded, and the drain of the high-frequency switching transistor is connected to the primary winding of the transformer; the transformer also includes a secondary winding of the transformer.

3. A DC high-voltage power supply module according to claim 2, characterized in that, The transformer secondary winding includes a first output winding and a second output winding; the first output winding outputs a high-frequency pulse voltage; and the second output winding outputs a first feedback signal.

4. A DC high-voltage power supply module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The output rectifier and filter circuit includes a rectifier circuit and a filter circuit composed of capacitors and inductors.

5. A DC high-voltage power supply module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The input protection circuit includes a transistor and its peripheral circuitry; the emitter of the transistor is grounded, the base of the transistor is connected to the output of the input filter circuit through a current-limiting resistor, and the collector of the transistor is connected to the input of the PWM control circuit, specifically the soft-start pin.

6. A DC high-voltage power supply module according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The PWM control circuit includes the VPC2188 chip and its peripheral circuitry; the duty cycle adjustment signal of the VPC2188 chip is connected to the gate of the high-frequency switching transistor in the flyback converter circuit. ， The power input of the VPC2188 chip is connected to the output of the input protection circuit, and the voltage feedback signal of the VPC2188 chip is connected to the output of the voltage feedback circuit.

7. A DC high-voltage power supply module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The voltage feedback circuit includes a CJ431B reference voltage source, an HPC357 optocoupler, and its peripheral circuitry. One end of the LED terminal of the HPC357 optocoupler is connected to the secondary winding of the transformer in the flyback converter circuit via a series current-limiting resistor, while the other end is connected to the cathode of the CJ431B reference voltage source. The phototransistor terminal of the HPC357 optocoupler is connected to the voltage feedback signal terminal of the PWM control circuit. The anode of the CJ431B reference voltage source is grounded, and the reference terminal is connected to the second feedback signal terminal of the output rectifier and filter circuit.

8. A DC high-voltage power supply module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The external low-voltage DC power supply includes a DC regulated power supply or a battery.

9. A DC high-voltage power supply module according to claim 8, characterized in that, The input voltage range of the external DC low-voltage power supply is 18-36V, and the output voltage range of the output rectifier and filter circuit is 495-505V.

10. A high-voltage operating device, characterized in that, Includes the DC high-voltage power supply module as described in any one of claims 1-9.

Images