Anti-dislocation voice coil motor, optical imaging device and terminal equipment

Abstract

The utility model relates to an anti-dislocation voice coil motor, an optical imaging device and a terminal device, the anti-dislocation voice coil motor comprises a housing assembly, a pedestal unit, a motion carrier and an elastic support member, the elastic support member is provided with a plurality of corner areas distributed on the periphery of the elastic support member, and the pedestal unit is provided with positioning structures corresponding to the corner areas; an anti-dislocation matching structure is formed between at least one corner area and the corresponding positioning structure, and the anti-dislocation matching structure comprises a first embedding part arranged in the corner area and a second embedding part arranged in the positioning structure; the first embedding part and the second embedding part form a complementary three-dimensional embedding relation during correct assembly, and space interference is generated during wrong assembly. The utility model provides an anti-dislocation voice coil motor, an optical imaging device and terminal equipment, which solve the problem of wrong assembly direction caused by symmetry of a voice coil motor assembly and simultaneously realize real-time monitoring and error interception in the assembly process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of precision drive technology, and in particular to a voice coil motor (VCM) with an anti-misalignment structure and its application in optical imaging devices, which is suitable for the autofocus system of miniaturized electronic devices such as smartphones and smart wearable devices. Background Technology

[0002] The assembly process of traditional voice coil motors faces the risk of systemic failure. Due to the geometrically symmetrical design of the elastic support components and the base, mirror-image flipping errors are prone to occur during mass production, leading to electrode welding misalignment and potential electrical short circuits. This also induces mechanical interference noise between moving parts and the housing. Existing solutions largely rely on the mechanical guiding structure of assembly fixtures, but in practical applications, three technical bottlenecks have been exposed:

[0003] Process compatibility limitations: Mainstream fixtures adopt a modular guide groove design, requiring the redevelopment of adaptable fixtures when products are miniaturized, significantly increasing production line switchover costs. Especially in the field of miniature voice coil motors, the precision retention capabilities of traditional fixtures are no longer sufficient to meet sub-millimeter assembly requirements.

[0004] Risk of secondary misassembly: The lack of an in-situ error-proofing mechanism after fixture removal makes it easy for operators to repeatedly misassemble due to visual fatigue during the rework process. Studies show that quality defects caused by secondary misassembly account for a significant proportion of after-sales failure cases.

[0005] Lack of online inspection: Current solutions mostly adopt a sampling inspection mode at the end of the process, which cannot intercept the cumulative tolerance deviation during the assembly process in real time. When the magnetic yoke assembly produces a tolerance superposition effect, it will cause the magnetic field strength gradient of the voice coil motor to attenuate, directly affecting the focusing stability of the optical module.

[0006] Industry research shows that asymmetric torque disturbances caused by assembly errors significantly reduce the bandwidth of control systems. While automated optical inspection technologies can achieve high-speed detection, their effectiveness in identifying concealed structural misalignments remains a significant bottleneck. There is an urgent need to develop misalignment prevention structures with self-verification capabilities to achieve fully closed-loop control of the assembly process. Utility Model Content

[0007] In view of this, the present invention provides an anti-misalignment voice coil motor, an optical imaging device and a terminal device, which solves the problem of incorrect assembly direction caused by the symmetry of the voice coil motor assembly, and realizes real-time monitoring and error interception during the assembly process.

[0008] The objective of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0009] An anti-misalignment voice coil motor includes a housing assembly, a base unit, a motion carrier, and an elastic support member. The elastic support member has several corner regions distributed around its periphery. The base unit has positioning structures corresponding to each corner region. At least one corner region forms an anti-misalignment mating structure with its corresponding positioning structure. The anti-misalignment mating structure includes a first fitting part disposed in the corner region and a second fitting part disposed in the positioning structure. When the first fitting part and the second fitting part are correctly assembled, they form a complementary three-dimensional fitting relationship. The three-dimensional fitting relationship has a unique matching topological configuration and generates spatial interference when incorrectly assembled.

[0010] This structure achieves assembly path uniqueness determination through asymmetric geometric matching. When the orientation is incorrect, the protruding feature of the first fitting part and the groove feature of the second fitting part form a spatial overlapping interference, directly blocking the assembly action. This prevents stress concentration and movement trajectory deviation caused by the torsional displacement of the elastic support, effectively improving assembly consistency and product reliability. A misalignment prevention fit structure is formed by setting the first fitting part and the corresponding positioning structure of the base in the corner area of ​​the elastic support. When the orientation is incorrect, the misalignment prevention fit structure will generate significant interference. This physical interference prevents incorrect assembly, reduces the assembly error rate, and improves production yield.

[0011] Preferably, the interface between the corner area and the positioning structure has directional feature markings that can be identified by optical detection equipment.

[0012] The vision system quickly identifies errors, reducing assembly failure rates and improving production yield. The synergy between directional feature markers and the optical inspection system forms a closed-loop verification mechanism. During assembly, the machine vision system proactively identifies assembly angle deviations by comparing the spatial topological relationships of the directional feature markers in real time. This feature not only prevents errors but also triggers correction commands on automated assembly lines, enabling proactive process quality control. As permanent structural markers, directional feature markers provide original assembly information during product repair and refurbishment. Repair personnel can quickly determine historical assembly states by analyzing the directional features of the topological graph, avoiding secondary damage caused by repeated incorrect assembly.

[0013] Preferably, the anti-misalignment mating structure is implemented between a single corner area and the corresponding positioning structure, while the remaining corner areas form planar contact with the corresponding positioning structure, and the positioning structure is disposed on the base unit.

[0014] By employing targeted error-proofing design in a single corner area, the error-proofing verification point is concentrated at the most critical stress-bearing location. This corner area is typically located in an assembly stress concentration zone, and its error-proofing fit structure simultaneously achieves the dual functions of assembly direction verification and mechanical stress dispersion. Compared to multi-point error-proofing designs, this approach ensures error-proofing effectiveness while reducing the risk of structural interference to other areas. The remaining corner areas maintain a planar contact state, providing a reference positioning surface for the assembly process. The planar contact area plays a guiding role in the initial stage of assembly, guiding operators / robotic arms to quickly pre-position the elastic support component to the correct area, followed by the final precise alignment completed by the error-proofing fit structure. This phased assembly mode significantly reduces jamming caused by multi-point simultaneous alignment. The design of a single error-proofing fit structure allows for component separation by releasing only a single locking point during maintenance and disassembly. The planar contact area maintains a sliding guiding function during disassembly, avoiding the stress concentration problem common in multi-locking point structures and extending product lifespan. While ensuring basic error-proofing functions, the amount of machining required for the error-proofing structure is minimized. The precision machining cost of individual mating parts is controllable, while the planar contact structures in other areas can be manufactured using standardized processes, achieving an optimal balance between error prevention performance and manufacturing cost. By concentrating the cumulative effect of tolerances in non-critical planar contact areas, the dimensional accuracy of the error prevention mating structure is ensured to be independently controllable. This design allows for moderate tolerance fluctuations in the base unit and elastic support components in other non-functional areas, reducing the overall precision requirements of the assembly system.

[0015] Preferably, the anti-misalignment mating structure is implemented between two or more continuous or discontinuously distributed corner areas and corresponding positioning structures, and the positioning structures are disposed on the base unit.

[0016] Multiple continuously distributed anti-misalignment structures form an anti-misalignment verification chain. When the anti-misalignment effectiveness of the first structure decreases due to manufacturing tolerances or wear, subsequent structures can still provide supplementary verification, significantly improving the reliability of the anti-misalignment system. This progressive verification mechanism is particularly suitable for long-term anti-misalignment requirements in high-vibration environments. The spatial arrangement of the continuous anti-misalignment structures forms an assembly path guide groove. During automated assembly, the robot arm can slide in along the physical trajectory formed by the anti-misalignment structures, not only increasing assembly speed but also naturally correcting assembly angle deviations through path constraints. Multiple continuous anti-misalignment structures share the assembly load, forming a distributed stress transfer network. Compared to single-point anti-misalignment design, this scheme can reduce local stress peaks and prevent material fatigue failure caused by stress concentration. At the same time, the coordinated deformation capability of the continuous structures can absorb impact energy, improving the product's vibration resistance. The directional feature identifiers of multiple continuous anti-misalignment structures can be combined to form a unique identification code. By reading the feature combination of continuous areas, the optical inspection system can not only verify the correctness of the assembly direction but also identify specific model specifications, achieving the dual functions of anti-misalignment and product traceability. The modular design of the continuous anti-misalignment structures facilitates production line upgrades and modifications. Based on the existing production line, it is only necessary to extend the processing length of the continuous error-proof zone to adapt to the new product model, avoiding the need to redesign the entire fixture and significantly shortening the new product introduction cycle.

[0017] Discontinuously distributed error-proofing structures form a spatial verification matrix. By detecting the fit status of multiple discrete points, a three-dimensional spatial coordinate system can be constructed for assembly integrity verification. This method can effectively identify complex assembly error modes, such as tilted assembly and local warping, defects that are difficult to detect using traditional methods. The discontinuous layout provides stress release channels for material thermal expansion. When changes in ambient temperature cause fluctuations in component dimensions, the free areas between error-proofing structures can absorb thermal deformation, preventing fit failure due to accumulated thermal stress. This feature significantly improves the product's operational stability in a wide temperature range. The location of discontinuous error-proofing points can be flexibly configured to adapt to different assembly process requirements. Manufacturers can select the optimal error-proofing point distribution scheme based on the critical error-proofing areas of a specific product, without being limited by the spatial constraints of continuous structures. Each discontinuous error-proofing structure adopts a differentiated design principle. For example, different error-proofing points can protect against specific error modes such as rotation direction errors and mirror assembly errors, forming a multi-dimensional error interception network. Discontinuous feature identifiers provide discrete sampling points for the machine vision system. During detection, only local imaging analysis of key error-proofing points is needed, which can shorten the detection time compared to full-circle scanning, while reducing the complexity of image processing algorithms.

[0018] Preferably, the anti-misalignment mating structure includes multiple complementary mating units with or without size differences, and the shape of each mating unit is selected from geometric protrusions, recesses and combinations thereof.

[0019] The dimensionally differentiated mating units form a multi-level error-proofing barrier. Larger units provide primary error-proofing, medium-sized units perform secondary verification, and micro-sized units achieve final precision positioning. This gradient error-proofing design ensures both smooth assembly and final positioning accuracy. Combinations of mating units of different sizes can cover a wider tolerance range. Even with moderate manufacturing deviations in components, some units can still maintain effective fit, avoiding misjudgments caused by oversensitivity of a single-size structure. The stepped structure formed by dimensional differences generates micro-airflow disturbances during assembly, automatically removing micro-particle contaminants from mating surfaces. The gaps between larger units provide channels for debris removal, maintaining long-term mating reliability. Different-sized units generate differentiated force feedback signals during assembly. Operators can perceive the assembly progress through tactile changes, and in automated assembly, force sensors can achieve intelligent identification of assembly stages. The characteristic sequence formed by dimensional differences provides directional guidance for the disassembly process. Maintenance personnel can determine the correct disassembly sequence and force angle based on the dimensional changes of each unit, reducing the risk of maintenance damage.

[0020] Preferably, the orientation feature identifier includes a topological graphic that can be recognized by a machine vision system, and the contour features of the topological graphic can characterize the assembly orientation.

[0021] The geometric features of topological graphics (such as the number of sides, curvature, and vertex distribution) can encode and store diverse information such as product model and production batch. A single identifier simultaneously achieves error-proofing verification and product traceability, improving information integration. The structural features of topological graphics are highly robust to surface contamination and changes in lighting. Even if part of the identifier is obscured or contaminated, the machine vision system can still reliably identify it using the remaining features. The spatial orientation information of the topological graphic can serve as a dynamic calibration benchmark for automated assembly systems. Based on real-time acquired graphic orientation data, the robotic arm can compensate for positioning errors online, improving assembly accuracy. The directional correlation of the topological graphic ensures that any rotation or mirror transformation will disrupt the feature recognition conditions. This characteristic effectively prevents erroneous assembly methods that circumvent traditional error-proofing structures by rotating parts. Specific topological graphics can be associated with preset assembly process parameters (such as pressing force and tightening torque). When a specific graphic is identified, the assembly equipment automatically calls the corresponding parameter set to achieve intelligent process control.

[0022] An optical imaging device comprising an anti-misalignment voice coil motor as described above.

[0023] A precision error-proofing structure ensures consistent assembly of the voice coil motor, eliminating optical axis misalignment caused by component misalignment. This is particularly important for high-resolution optical systems, significantly reducing image distortion and focus drift. The mechanical stability provided by the three-dimensional error-proofing design allows the imaging device to maintain precise alignment of optical components even under harsh environments such as vibration and temperature changes. It is especially suitable for mobile shooting scenarios such as vehicle-mounted and drone-mounted systems. The combination of directional feature markings and automatic optical inspection can intercept assembly defects in real time during production. Compared to traditional manual sampling inspection, it achieves full error-proofing verification, raising the first-pass yield of optical modules to a new level. The maintenance navigation function provided by topology graphic markings allows field engineers to quickly locate faulty components without special tools. By parsing the marking information, the disassembly sequence and torque parameters can be accurately obtained, reducing the risk of maintenance damage. The distributed error-proofing structure design achieves high-reliability error-proofing within a limited space, supporting the development of smaller optical imaging devices. This feature is crucial for technological breakthroughs in miniature optical devices such as endoscopes and AR glasses.

[0024] A terminal device includes the optical imaging device described above, wherein the terminal device is a mobile communication terminal or a smart wearable device.

[0025] Precisely assembled voice coil motors ensure fast and accurate camera focusing, significantly improving shooting response speed. Users experience smoother imaging in scenarios such as video calls and dynamic shooting. Multiple error-proofing designs greatly reduce the failure rate of lens modules caused by vibration and impact. This is especially important for smart wearable devices that are frequently in motion, effectively extending device lifespan. Machine vision-recognizable directional feature markings enable fully automated camera module assembly on smart terminal assembly lines. Combined with a robot vision guidance system, module assembly precision can be controlled at the micron level. Unique topological graphic markings serve as brand anti-counterfeiting features. Consumers can verify product authenticity by scanning the markings with a dedicated app, while also obtaining production traceability information, enhancing market trust. This effectively reduces material scrap rates caused by assembly errors, minimizing electronic waste generation. Combined with maintainability design, it supports individual replacement of key modules, driving the smart terminal industry towards green manufacturing.

[0026] The advantages of this utility model compared to the prior art are:

[0027] Asymmetric geometric matching is used to determine the uniqueness of the assembly path. When the direction is incorrect, the protruding feature of the first fitting part and the groove feature of the second fitting part form a spatial overlapping interference, directly blocking the assembly action. This prevents stress concentration and movement trajectory deviation caused by the torsional displacement of the elastic support, effectively improving assembly consistency and product reliability. A misalignment prevention structure is formed by setting the first fitting part and the corresponding positioning structure of the base in the corner area of ​​the elastic support. When the direction is incorrect, the misalignment prevention structure will generate significant interference. This physical interference prevents incorrect assembly, reduces the assembly error rate, and improves production yield. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the anti-misalignment voice coil motor of Embodiment 1 of this utility model.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the anti-misalignment voice coil motor of Embodiment 2 of this utility model.

[0031] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the anti-misalignment voice coil motor of Embodiment 3 of this utility model.

[0032] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the anti-misalignment voice coil motor in Embodiment 4 of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0034] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0035] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. In the description of the embodiments of this application, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the figures, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this application is in use, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly understood by those skilled in the art. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0036] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other.

[0037] The technical solutions in this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example 1

[0038] This embodiment is a single-sided directional constraint error prevention structure.

[0039] I. Core Structural Design Principles

[0040] Asymmetric geometric constraints: At a specific corner of the elastic support component, the upper left corner region 11 is precision-machined or formed into a rigid geometric protrusion with a clear direction, namely the first fitting portion 12, typically a triangle, trapezoid, or asymmetric polygon. At the precisely corresponding position of the base unit, the positioning structure 13 is machined into a completely complementary cavity groove, namely the second fitting portion 14. This pair of fitting portions constitutes a uniquely matched "key-lock" relationship.

[0041] Planar guidance and support: The remaining three corner areas of the component remain as precision planes, contacting the corresponding plane areas on the base. These planes serve as primary guides and coarse positioning during the initial assembly stage, guiding the component into approximate position.

[0042] Orientation Recognition System: Unique, directional marking patterns (such as directional arrows or specific symbols) are created on or near the surface of raised structures using high-visibility laser etching or micromachining techniques. These markings not only indicate the assembly direction but also serve as a reference for subsequent optical inspection. Planar contact areas can be supplemented with microtextured designs, such as brushed textures in specific directions, to enhance visual or tactile recognition.

[0043] II. Technical Advantages and Working Principle Explained

[0044] Significant cost-effectiveness: Compared to full-circumference precision fitting, this solution only requires high-precision feature machining (protrusions and grooves) on one side, greatly reducing mold complexity, machining time, and manufacturing costs. The planar contact area has relatively relaxed precision requirements and is easy to implement.

[0045] Intelligent assembly guidance mechanism:

[0046] Initial stage: The large-area planar contact surface makes contact first, and by utilizing its own geometric characteristics (such as chamfers and fillets) and the component's gravity / operational force, it automatically corrects the component's translational deviation in the plane (X and Y directions) and guides the component into the approximately correct position.

[0047] Precision positioning stage: As the component is pressed down, the unilateral protrusion begins to interact with the base. In the correct orientation, the protrusion will naturally slide into the complementary groove, providing precise rotational constraints (θz direction) and final Z-axis positioning, ensuring the component is fully in place.

[0048] Reliable fault tolerance and error prevention mechanisms:

[0049] Incorrect assembly scenario: If the component is oriented incorrectly (e.g., rotated 180°), the protruding structure will not be able to find a matching groove, and its sidewall (usually designed with guide ramps) will directly press against the smooth sidewall or plane of the base unit.

[0050] Progressive interference effect: Because the protruding structure usually has a certain stiffness and height, this upward pressure will hinder the full downward pressure of the component. When attempting to force downward pressure, local contact stress will be generated at the contact point between the protrusion and the base sidewall. For elastic supports, elastic or micro-plastic deformation may occur in the body or local structure; for rigid components or bases, local micro-wear or a feeling of jamming may occur.

[0051] Detectable physical characteristics: Most importantly, this interference prevents components from fully fitting, creating a significant, global height difference (step difference) between the planar contact surfaces that should be perfectly aligned. This step difference is the most direct and reliable physical evidence of incorrect assembly.

[0052] III. Assembly Status Verification Logic and Detection Strategy

[0053] Correct assembly verification:

[0054] Geometric coupling: The first positioning feature (protrusion) is completely embedded in the second positioning feature (groove) without any interference.

[0055] Contact state: All designed contact surfaces (three planes + interlocking surfaces) achieve full-area, continuous, uniform tight fit, and the contact area exhibits continuous and uninterrupted light reflection characteristics (observable with the naked eye or optical equipment).

[0056] Directional marking verification: The laser-etched markings are clearly visible and the direction matches the preset.

[0057] Error assembly detection:

[0058] Interference occurs when the protrusion presses against the side wall of the base, creating local contact stress points.

[0059] Global step difference: The height difference between planar contact surfaces that is macroscopically visible or measurable by instruments due to interference.

[0060] Abnormal contact: The planar contact area exhibits discontinuous or broken light reflection patterns, or there are local gaps. Example 2

[0061] This embodiment is a bilateral collaborative constraint error prevention structure.

[0062] I. Core Structural Design Principles

[0063] Symmetrical dual-point constraint: On both sides of the bottom of the support assembly, namely the lower left corner region 21a and the lower right corner region 21b, symmetrically arranged are pairs of rigid geometric protrusions, namely the first fitting portion 22a and the first fitting portion 22b, respectively. The base unit corresponding to the positioning structures 23a and 23b has continuously machined groove sets with precision guide surfaces, namely the second fitting portion 24a and the second fitting portion 24b. This arrangement forms a strong constraint along one axial direction.

[0064] Progressive locking surface: The inner wall of the groove is designed with precise guide surfaces, such as involutes and parabolas, to guide the protrusion smoothly into the final locking position. The surface can be designed in multiple segments to provide positioning feedback at different stages.

[0065] Multi-level orientation recognition: A matrix of regularly or irregularly distributed dots is arranged on the stepped surface of the component or base. The density, size, and arrangement of the dots constitute unique coding information used for orientation recognition and version differentiation.

[0066] II. Technical Advantages and Working Principle Explained

[0067] Excellent assembly stability: The two symmetrical positioning points work together to effectively constrain the translational degree of freedom of the component in the plane (X,Y) and the rotational degree of freedom about the vertical axis (θz), which significantly improves the stability and repeatability of the assembly process and reduces shaking and fine adjustments.

[0068] Intelligent tolerance allocation and tolerance absorption:

[0069] The dimensions of the protrusions and grooves are designed to allow for a reasonable range of elastic deformation. Within the manufacturing tolerances, minor dimensional deviations can be compensated for by the elastic deformation of the local material of the protrusions or base, ensuring stable and reliable contact pressure under correct assembly and avoiding excessive tightness or looseness.

[0070] The design of guide surfaces helps to guide and correct minor initial deviations during the assembly process.

[0071] Progressive locking and process awareness:

[0072] Pre-guiding stage: The inlet ramp of the guide surface guides the protrusion to initially enter the slot.

[0073] Precise positioning stage: The center of the curved surface provides precise radial constraints to correct the position.

[0074] Full locking phase: The curved end is designed with a gentle or slightly locking profile to provide final axial (Z-axis) positioning and holding force. The operator can feel a clear sense of "locking in place".

[0075] III. Assembly Status Verification Logic and Detection Strategy

[0076] Correct assembly verification:

[0077] Bilateral synchronous coupling: The two protrusions arrive at and stabilize in their respective grooves at the same time and without interference.

[0078] Symmetrical pressure distribution: The pressure distribution on the contact surface exhibits a highly symmetrical pattern, with the pressure values ​​on both the left and right sides being balanced.

[0079] Encoding Matching: The dot matrix encoding identified by the optical system is completely consistent with the preset value.

[0080] Error assembly detection:

[0081] Unilateral or bilateral interference: When the direction is wrong, one or two protrusions will press against the base sidewall or the wrong position.

[0082] Complex deformation and step difference: Interference causes the entire component to twist and deform, such as one end being higher and the other lower, resulting in an asymmetrical and complex step difference shape at the contact surface, which may include twisting and tilting. Single-point interference may induce a lever effect, amplifying the step difference.

[0083] Pressure distribution imbalance: The contact pressure distribution is severely asymmetrical, with pressure concentrated or even excessively high on one side, and insufficient or absent pressure on the other side. Example 3

[0084] This embodiment is a diagonal balanced constraint error prevention structure.

[0085] I. Core Structural Design Principles

[0086] Diagonal spatial layout: Rigid protrusions, namely the upper left corner region 31a and the lower right corner region 31b, are arranged on the support component along the spatial diagonal direction, forming the first fitting part 32a and the first fitting part 32b. Complementary independent cavities are machined into the corresponding positioning structures 33a and 33b on the base, forming the second fitting part 34a and the second fitting part 34b. This layout utilizes the spatial diagonal to form the maximum lever arm, resulting in a strong constraint effect.

[0087] Buffer guide ramp: The cavity groove is designed with an optimized guide ramp. This ramp not only guides the protrusion into place, but also absorbs the instantaneous impact and guides the protrusion back into place when there is a small initial deviation in the assembly through the sliding of the contact point or the elastic deformation of the material.

[0088] Composite orientation recognition: Unique radial micro-scratches are machined on specific curved surfaces of the protrusion or base to form optical or tactile features. Simultaneously, miniature passive RFID tags or magnetic coding points can be embedded to achieve dual binding of physical features and electronic information.

[0089] II. Technical Advantages and Working Principle Explained

[0090] Strong spatial degree-of-freedom constraints: The two positioning points arranged diagonally in space can theoretically constrain three translational degrees of freedom (X, Y, Z) and two rotational degrees of freedom (θx, θy) (rotation around the X and Y axes). Combined with the constraints of the planar contact area, it can effectively control the six degrees of freedom of the component in space, providing extremely high positioning accuracy and stability.

[0091] Dynamic deviation absorption capacity:

[0092] Incorporating a beveled design: At the initial contact moment during assembly, even with minute positional or angular deviations, the tangential force generated when the protrusion contacts the guide bevel will cause the component to produce a slight corrective displacement or rotation, allowing the protrusion to slide into the correct path. The bevel angle and smoothness are crucial.

[0093] Material elasticity: The local elasticity of the protrusion or base material allows for recoverable elastic deformation when overcoming minor deviations, avoiding damage or jamming from hard impacts.

[0094] Multiple error-proofing verification barriers:

[0095] Physical configuration matching: Two differentiated protrusions must be precisely embedded in their respective unique grooves at the same time.

[0096] Surface microstructure verification: The pattern, direction, and depth of the radial scratches must match.

[0097] Electronic identification authentication: RFID or magnetic coding information must be verified by a reader / writer. Together, these three elements constitute a highly secure error prevention system.

[0098] III. Assembly Status Verification Logic and Detection Strategy

[0099] Correct assembly verification:

[0100] Multi-point stable support: The coupling of two diagonal positioning points and the planar contact area together form a stable multi-point support system, ensuring the stability of the component's posture.

[0101] Vibration characteristics match: When the assembly is subjected to micro-excitation (such as sound waves or slight mechanical excitation), its natural vibration frequency and spectrum characteristics should match the reference curve in the theoretical model or qualified sample database with a high degree of consistency, indicating that the structure is well coupled and there is no loosening or stress concentration.

[0102] Composite identification matching: Both physical markings and electronic identification have passed verification.

[0103] Error assembly detection:

[0104] Positioning deviation causes torque: If one or two protrusions are not properly inserted, when the component attempts to be positioned, the diagonal constraint is broken, which will generate unexpected torque or bending moment, causing the component to twist.

[0105] Characteristic frequency shift: Incorrect assembly conditions alter the stiffness distribution and boundary conditions of the structure, resulting in a significant shift in its vibration spectrum.

[0106] Abnormal contact impedance: If there is a gap or poor contact on the contact surface, the measured electrical contact impedance between the contact points will increase significantly or become unstable. Example 4

[0107] This embodiment is a multi-sided composite constraint error prevention structure.

[0108] I. Core Structural Design Principles

[0109] Multi-sided cooperative positioning network: First fitting parts 42a, 42b, and 42c are designed at the three key functional corners of the support component: the upper left corner region 41a, the lower left corner region 41b, and the lower right corner region 41c, respectively. Second fitting parts 44a, 44b, and 44c are machined from the corresponding positioning structures 43a, 43b, and 43c of the base. The first fitting parts 42a and 44a are matched with each other and have a height difference; the first fitting parts 42b and 44b are matched with each other and have a height difference; and the first fitting parts 42c and 44c are matched with each other and have a height difference.

[0110] Multimodal orientation recognition: The system integrates three independent verification elements:

[0111] Geometric configuration matching: The unique physical shape of each positioning unit is its most basic identification feature.

[0112] Surface feature coding: Miniaturized letters, numbers, QR codes, or combinations thereof are laser-engraved on the surface of each positioning unit.

[0113] Assembly process characteristics: Record and verify the standard torque-displacement / time curves generated by the components under the correct assembly path.

[0114] II. Technical Advantages and Working Principle Explained

[0115] Ultimate system reliability and error prevention: By employing multi-point and irregular-shaped constraints across three dimensions, the probability of misassembly is reduced to an extremely low level. Suitable for assembling critical components with extremely high safety and reliability requirements, such as in aerospace, precision instruments, and medical equipment. Any mismatch of a single feature will lead to overall assembly failure.

[0116] Intelligent tolerance compatibility and self-adaptation:

[0117] Differentiated design: Different positioning units can be designed with different tolerance levels and tolerance strategies. The main positioning unit ensures core accuracy, while the auxiliary positioning units can be designed with slightly looser tolerance bands to absorb accumulated manufacturing errors or thermal deformation.

[0118] Composite cavity guidance: The complex guide contour inside the cavity can effectively guide, distribute and compensate for the slight size and position deviations that may exist in each positioning unit during the assembly process, ensuring successful final coupling.

[0119] Digitalization and traceability of the assembly process:

[0120] Process characteristic recording: By integrating high-precision sensors into assembly tools, such as electric screwdrivers and presses, parameters such as torque, axial pressure, displacement / angle, and time during the assembly process are collected and recorded in real time, forming a unique assembly process characteristic curve.

[0121] Quality traceability is based on the curve, which acts like a product's "fingerprint" and is stored in a database. Any assembly process that deviates from the standard curve envelope can be identified as a potential anomaly, even if it is eventually assembled correctly. This provides strong data support for quality analysis, process optimization, and problem tracing.

[0122] III. Assembly Status Verification Logic and Detection Strategy

[0123] Correct assembly verification:

[0124] Multi-stage precision coupling: The three positioning units complete the coupling action in stages without interference according to the design sequence, ultimately achieving complete positioning. The process should be smooth and unobstructed.

[0125] Process curve compliance: The measured torque-time / displacement curve of the assembly process falls completely within the preset standard envelope range, and the curve shape meets expectations.

[0126] Excellent contact across the entire surface: all design contact surfaces fit tightly with no gaps visible to the naked eye.

[0127] Encoding verification passed: The surface encoding of each unit was identified and confirmed to be correct by the optical system.

[0128] Error assembly detection:

[0129] Local interference and forced deformation: Mismatch of any one or more positioning units can cause localized hard interference during assembly. The operator will experience abnormal resistance or jamming.

[0130] Abnormal torque curve: Interference points can cause abnormal peaks, missing plateaus, and abrupt changes in the rate of increase in the torque curve. The peak torque may be far above or far below the standard range.

[0131] Characteristic wear and morphology: Forced assembly or repeated attempts at incorrect assembly will leave characteristic micro-scratches, indentations or deformation marks at the interference points, which can be identified by microscopic observation.

[0132] Contact pressure fluctuations: Multi-point interference may cause drastic and unstable fluctuations in the contact pressure distribution.

[0133] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A voice coil motor with anti-misalignment function, comprising a housing assembly, a base unit, a motion carrier, and an elastic support, characterized in that: The elastic support member has several corner areas distributed around its periphery, and the base unit has positioning structures corresponding to each corner area. At least one corner area forms an anti-misalignment mating structure with a corresponding positioning structure, the anti-misalignment mating structure comprising: The first fitting part is located in the corner area. The second fitting part is located in the positioning structure; When the first and second fitting parts are correctly assembled, they form a complementary three-dimensional fitting relationship with a uniquely matching topological configuration, which causes spatial interference when incorrectly assembled.

2. The anti-misalignment voice coil motor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The interface between the corner area and the positioning structure has directional features that can be identified by optical detection equipment.

3. The anti-misalignment voice coil motor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anti-misalignment mating structure is implemented between a single corner area and the corresponding positioning structure. The positioning structure is set on the base unit, and the remaining corner areas form planar contact with the corresponding positioning structure.

4. The anti-misalignment voice coil motor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anti-misalignment mating structure is implemented between two continuously distributed corner areas and the corresponding positioning structure, and the positioning structure is set on the base unit.

5. The anti-misalignment voice coil motor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anti-misalignment mating structure is implemented between two discontinuously distributed corner areas and the corresponding positioning structure, and the positioning structure is set on the base unit.

6. The anti-misalignment voice coil motor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anti-misalignment mating structure is implemented between the three corner areas and the corresponding positioning structure, and the positioning structure is set on the base unit.

7. The anti-misalignment voice coil motor according to claim 2, characterized in that, The anti-misalignment mating structure includes multiple complementary interlocking units, and the shape of each interlocking unit is selected from geometric protrusions, depressions and combinations thereof.

8. The anti-misalignment voice coil motor according to claim 2, characterized in that, The orientation feature identifier includes a topological graphic that can be recognized by a machine vision system, and the contour features of the topological graphic can characterize the assembly orientation.

9. An optical imaging device, characterized in that, It includes the anti-misalignment voice coil motor as described in any one of claims 1-8.

10. A terminal device, characterized in that, The device includes the optical imaging apparatus as described in claim 9, wherein the terminal device is a mobile communication terminal or a smart wearable device.

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