Respirator water collecting cup device capable of being adjusted in multiple directions and respirator

Abstract

The utility model discloses a breathing machine water collecting cup device capable of being adjusted in multiple directions and a breathing machine, and belongs to the technical field of breathing machines. The device comprises a three-way pipe, a multidirectional adjusting mechanism and a water collecting cup. The multidirectional adjusting mechanism is arranged at a third connector of the three-way pipe and comprises a fixed seat and a rotating part; an arc-shaped guide groove is formed in the fixed seat, a spherical joint at the upper part of the rotating part is adaptively embedded in the guide groove to form a spherical hinge structure, and a connecting pipe at the lower part of the rotating part is connected with the water collecting cup. The posture of the water collecting cup can be flexibly adjusted in a multi-angle range relative to the three-way pipe through rotation of the spherical joint in the guide groove. The device is characterized in that when the breathing pipeline inclines due to the body position of a patient or the movement of equipment, the water collecting cup can be passively or actively adjusted to and maintained in a vertically downward state, it is ensured that the water collecting cup is located at the lowest point of the pipeline all the time, condensate water is effectively collected, and backflow of the condensate water is fundamentally prevented. The device is compact in structure, convenient and fast to adjust and beneficial to improvement of safety and convenience of clinical use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of ventilator technology, specifically relating to a multi-directionally adjustable ventilator water collection cup device and a ventilator. Background Technology

[0002] In mechanical ventilation therapy for critically ill patients, the ventilator needs to deliver warmed and humidified gas to the patient's airway through the breathing tubing to compensate for the loss of physiological humidification function caused by the artificial airway and maintain the normal function of the airway mucosa. This process inevitably produces condensation. If condensation accumulates in the tubing and flows back into the patient's airway, it can easily lead to complications such as infection and aspiration, seriously affecting treatment safety. Therefore, it is common practice in clinical practice to connect a condensation collection cup to the breathing tubing to collect and drain condensation. For example, Chinese patent document CN215780785U discloses a ventilator condensation collection cup that facilitates the drainage of condensation. Its main technical solution lies in the buoyancy mechanism inside the cup body, consisting of a float, a float block, and a sliding rod. When the condensation level rises, the float block rises to open the drain outlet for automatic drainage; when the level drops, the float block falls back down to re-close the drain outlet.

[0003] However, the aforementioned existing technical solutions mainly focus on the automated drainage function of the water collection cup itself, and still have significant shortcomings in the complex clinical use process. To ensure that condensate can be effectively collected and smoothly drained, the water collection cup must always be located at the lowest point of the breathing tubing and maintain a vertical posture. However, in clinical practice, due to changes in patient position, bed raising and lowering, or equipment movement, the spatial shape of the breathing tubing will frequently and dynamically change, which can easily cause the water collection cup to tilt or even deflect horizontally. Once the water collection cup deviates from the vertical position, its internal automatic drainage mechanism, which relies on the combination of gravity and buoyancy (such as the float structure in CN215780785U), may fail because the float cannot float vertically properly, resulting in the interruption of drainage function. More importantly, the tilted or horizontal posture will change the liquid level and flow direction of the condensate in the cup. Even if some solutions have anti-backflow structures, it is still difficult to completely prevent liquid condensate from flowing back into the main tubing under the action of gravity when the tubing pressure fluctuates or the patient's position changes, increasing the risk of inhalation injury to the patient. Furthermore, existing water collection cups are typically rigidly connected to the breathing tubing via a fixed-angle T-junction or a simple threaded connector, lacking a convenient posture adjustment mechanism. When the water collection cup needs to be repositioned, medical staff often have to laboriously twist the tubing sections connecting both ends of the cup with both hands, a cumbersome process that can potentially interfere with the connection between the ventilation tube and the patient's airway if improper pulling is applied. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve existing technology to address the core technical problem of the water collection cup in ventilator tubing, which, due to the limitations of its connection structure with the tubing, cannot be quickly, flexibly, and reliably adjusted and maintained in a vertical working posture when the tubing shape changes. This makes it impossible to fundamentally ensure effective collection of condensate and eliminate the risk of backflow. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a multi-directionally adjustable ventilator water collection cup device and ventilator to solve the problem that the existing water collection cup is difficult to flexibly adjust with changes in the tubing shape and maintain a vertical posture.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] In the first aspect, this utility model provides a multi-directional adjustable ventilator water collection cup device, including a three-way tube, a multi-directional adjustment mechanism and a water collection cup. The three-way tube is provided with a first interface and a second interface for connecting the breathing tubing of the ventilator, and a third interface for draining condensate.

[0007] The multi-directional adjustment mechanism is disposed between the third interface and the water collection cup;

[0008] The multi-directional adjustment mechanism includes a fixed base and a rotating component;

[0009] The fixing base is fixedly connected to the end of the third interface, and the interior of the fixing base has a concave arc-shaped guide groove, which communicates with the third interface;

[0010] The rotating component includes an upper ball joint and a lower connecting pipe. The ball joint communicates with the interior of the connecting pipe to form a fluid channel, and the fluid channel communicates with the third interface.

[0011] The water collecting cup is connected to the rotating component via the connecting pipe;

[0012] The ball joint is rotatably fitted into the arc-shaped guide groove of the fixed seat, and together they form a ball joint structure. The rotating component can rotate relative to the fixed seat to change the angle between the water collecting cup and the three-way pipe, so that the water collecting cup can rotate relative to the three-way pipe within the angle range defined by the ball joint structure, so as to maintain or restore the vertical downward state under its own gravity or external operation.

[0013] Furthermore, the water collecting cup includes a lid and a body; the end of the connecting tube away from the ball joint is connected to the lid, and the lid and the body are detachably connected.

[0014] Furthermore, the end of the connecting tube away from the ball joint is provided with an external thread, and the center of the cup lid is provided with an internal thread hole that matches the external thread. The connecting tube is threadedly connected to the cup lid through the internal thread hole. The outer edge of the cup lid is provided with an internal thread, and the top of the cup body is provided with an external thread that matches the internal thread. The cup lid and the cup body are threadedly sealed together.

[0015] Furthermore, the bottom of the cup body is provided with a drain outlet, and the drain outlet is provided with an interface structure for connecting an external drain pipe to facilitate the discharge of condensate.

[0016] Furthermore, an elastic sealing ring is provided between the outer wall of the ball joint and the inner wall of the arc-shaped guide groove. The elastic sealing ring is in tight sealing contact with the inner wall of the arc-shaped guide groove to seal the gap between the fixed seat and the rotating part.

[0017] Furthermore, a shut-off valve is provided inside the connecting pipe. The shut-off valve includes a valve stem, a valve plate disposed on the valve stem, and a knob located outside the connecting pipe. By rotating the knob, the valve plate is flipped to close or open the fluid passage.

[0018] Furthermore, the tee is a Y-shaped pipe, with the axis of the first interface and the axis of the second interface forming a V-shaped angle, and the third interface located at the bottom confluence of the V-shaped angle.

[0019] Secondly, this utility model also provides a ventilator, including a breathing tubing and a multi-directionally adjustable ventilator water collection cup device as described in any of the preceding claims, wherein the breathing tubing is connected to the first and second interfaces of the three-way tube respectively.

[0020] This utility model discloses a multi-directional adjustable ventilator water collection cup device. Its core lies in the ball-joint multi-directional adjustment mechanism, which enables flexible angle adjustment of the water collection cup relative to the breathing tubing. Compared to existing technologies, this utility model offers several advantages: the ball-joint structure formed by the cooperation of a ball-shaped connector and an arc-shaped guide groove allows the water collection cup to rotate freely within a set angle range, quickly adapting to changes in the breathing tubing's posture. This ensures the water collection cup can passively or actively maintain a vertically downward working posture, solving the risk of condensate backflow and drainage failure caused by tilting. The adjustment mechanism is compact, intuitive to operate, and easy for medical staff to adjust with one hand without pulling on the breathing tubing, avoiding interference with the patient's airway and improving operational safety and convenience. Simultaneously, the shut-off valve integrated into the connecting pipe allows for temporary closure of the tubing during maintenance, preventing gas leakage and enhancing the device's functionality. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall application scenario structure of a ventilator provided in an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0022] Figure 2 A three-dimensional structural diagram of a multi-directionally adjustable ventilator water collection cup device provided in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0023] Figure 3An exploded structural diagram of the multi-directionally adjustable ventilator water collection cup device provided in this embodiment of the utility model.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of the multi-directionally adjustable ventilator water collection cup device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] The following are explanations of the reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0026] 1. Three-way pipe; 11. First interface; 12. Second interface; 13. Third interface; 2. Water collection cup; 21. Cup lid; 22. Cup body; 23. Drain outlet; 3. Fixing base; 31. Arc-shaped guide groove; 4. Rotating component; 41. Ball joint; 42. Connecting pipe; 5. Elastic sealing ring; 6. Gate valve; 61. Valve stem; 62. Valve plate; 63. Knob; 7. Breathing tubing; 8. Ventilator. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present utility model without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present utility model.

[0028] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0029] In current clinical ventilator tubing care, the shape of the ventilator tubing is often in dynamic change due to frequent changes in patient position (such as turning over, raising the head of the bed) and the demands of nursing procedures. Traditional water collection cups, directly connected in series in the tubing via rigid T-tubes or fixed threads, cannot adapt to these changes. When the tubing is tilted, the water collection cup tilts accordingly, causing the condensate level inside the cup to change, making it easy for the condensate to flow back into the main tubing under gravity, or even backflow into the patient's airway. At the same time, the tilted state can also cause the traditional float-type check valve to fail. Forcibly correcting the position of the water collection cup by twisting the tubing will generate torque transmission, affecting the safety of the patient's artificial airway.

[0030] Based on this, and to improve the problems in related technologies, embodiments of this application provide a multi-directionally adjustable ventilator water collection cup device, such as... Figures 1 to 4As shown, the device mainly consists of a three-way pipe 1, a multi-directional adjustment mechanism, and a water collection cup 2. The three-way pipe 1 serves as the carrier for connecting to the breathing tubing 7, and has a first interface 11 and a second interface 12 for connecting the tubing in series, as well as a downward-facing third interface 13 for guiding condensate flow. The multi-directional adjustment mechanism is located between the third interface 13 and the water collection cup 2. The multi-directional adjustment mechanism includes a fixed base 3 and a rotating component 4. The fixed base 3 is fixedly connected to the end of the third interface 13, and has a concave arc-shaped guide groove 31 machined inside, which communicates with the third interface 13. The rotating component 4 includes an upper ball joint 41 and a lower connecting pipe 42. The ball joint 41 and the connecting pipe 42 communicate internally to form a fluid channel, which also communicates with the third interface 13. The water collection cup 2 is connected to the rotating component 4 via the connecting pipe 42. The ball joint 41 is rotatably fitted into the arc-shaped guide groove 31 of the fixed base 3, and the two together form a ball-joint structure similar to a human joint.

[0031] It is understandable that this ball joint structure gives the rotating component 4 the ability to rotate freely within a certain cone angle range relative to the fixed base 3 (i.e., relative to the three-way tube 1). Specifically, when the spatial position of the breathing tubing 7 changes due to external reasons, causing the three-way tube 1 fixedly connected to it to tilt, the water collecting cup 2, under its own gravity, will have its ball joint 41 rotate relative to the curved guide groove 31, thereby automatically adjusting the spatial posture of the water collecting cup 2 body, so that it can quickly return to and stabilize in a vertically downward state, ensuring that the condensate inlet is at the lowest point. Medical staff can also manually apply a slight force to easily move the water collecting cup 2 to any desired orientation, making the operation extremely convenient. This adjustment does not change the position of the three-way tube 1, nor does it require twisting the breathing tubing 7 itself, ensuring that no matter how the main tubing is bent or twisted, the water collecting cup 2 can always maintain its vertical working posture for efficient water collection and drainage, fundamentally eliminating the risk of condensate accumulation and backflow caused by tilting.

[0032] Alternatively, in some embodiments, such as Figures 2 to 4 As shown, the water collecting cup 2 includes a cup lid 21 and a cup body 22; the end of the connecting tube 42 away from the ball joint 41 is connected to the cup lid 21, and the cup lid 21 and the cup body 22 are detachably connected.

[0033] This split design facilitates the cleaning and maintenance of the water collection cup. The cup body 22 is used to collect condensate, while the lid 21 serves as a connecting hub and seals the cup body 22. When the cup is full, medical staff can simply detach the cup body 22 from the lid 21 to empty the water without disassembling the entire connecting pipe 42 or disturbing the upper adjustment mechanism. As one specific implementation, those skilled in the art can use threaded connections, snap-fit ​​connections, quick-release couplings, etc., to achieve a detachable connection between the lid 21 and the cup body 22.

[0034] Alternatively, in some embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, the end of the connecting tube 42 away from the ball joint 41 is provided with an external thread, and the center of the cup lid 21 is provided with an internal thread hole that matches the external thread. The connecting tube 42 is threadedly connected to the cup lid 21 through the internal thread hole. The outer edge of the cup lid 21 is provided with an internal thread, and the top of the cup body 22 is provided with an external thread that matches the internal thread. The cup lid 21 and the cup body 22 are threadedly sealed together.

[0035] This double-threaded connection structure ensures the stability and airtightness of the device connection. The threaded connection between the connecting tube 42 and the cup lid 21 makes initial assembly or replacement of different sized water collection cups more convenient. The threaded sealing fit between the cup lid 21 and the cup body 22 ensures stable pressure in the ventilator circuit and prevents gas leakage from causing insufficient ventilation.

[0036] Alternatively, in some embodiments, such as Figures 2 to 4 As shown, the bottom of the cup body 22 is provided with a drain outlet 23, and the drain outlet 23 is provided with an interface structure for connecting an external drain pipe to facilitate the discharge of condensate.

[0037] The interface structure can be a standard Luer connector, a threaded interface, or a simple tapered interface. A dedicated drain port 23, equipped with an external drainage tube, allows for continuous and closed drainage of collected condensate to a distant waste bag or collection bottle without disassembling the entire collection cup 2. This avoids the risk of pathogen aerosol spread that may result from frequently opening the collection cup 2 to empty water, reduces direct contact with medical personnel, and improves operational safety. Simultaneously, continuous drainage prevents the condensate level in the cup 22 from becoming too high, further reducing the possibility of condensate backflow due to accidental shaking or pressure fluctuations. If external drainage is not required, a sealing cap can be connected to the interface structure to close the drain port 23; in this case, the collection cup 2 can still be manually cleaned by unscrewing the cup 22.

[0038] Alternatively, in some embodiments, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, an elastic sealing ring 5 is provided between the outer wall of the ball joint 41 and the inner wall of the arc-shaped guide groove 31. The elastic sealing ring 5 is tightly sealed against the inner wall of the arc-shaped guide groove 31 to seal the gap between the fixed seat 3 and the rotating part 4.

[0039] The elastic sealing ring 5 is typically made of a highly elastic and biocompatible material, such as medical-grade silicone, and is compressed between the annular groove on the surface of the ball joint 41 and the inner wall of the arc-shaped guide groove 31. The beneficial effect of this structure is that it achieves dynamic sealing. On the one hand, regardless of how the ball joint 41 rotates, the elastic sealing ring 5 always fits tightly against the inner wall of the guide groove under its own elastic force, effectively preventing gas and liquid leakage from the rotation gap and ensuring the integrity of the breathing tubing 7. On the other hand, it provides moderate frictional damping, allowing the water collection cup 2 to remain stable after being adjusted to the required angle, preventing it from swinging arbitrarily due to slight external forces or vibrations, while also not hindering necessary rotational adjustments. This design, which integrates sealing and damping functions, significantly improves the reliability and usability of the device.

[0040] Alternatively, in some embodiments, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, a shut-off valve 6 is provided inside the connecting pipe 42. The shut-off valve 6 includes a valve stem 61, a valve plate 62 disposed on the valve stem 61, and a knob 63 located outside the connecting pipe 42. By rotating the knob 63, the valve plate 62 is rotated to close or open the fluid passage.

[0041] Among them, the gate valve 6 preferably adopts a butterfly valve structure because of its compact structure and low flow resistance. Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the valve stem passes through the connecting pipe 42. Under normal operating conditions, the valve plate is parallel to the flow direction, allowing condensate to pass smoothly. When it is necessary to remove the cup 22 to empty the water, medical staff first rotate the external knob 90 degrees to cut off the flow path and seal the airway. In this way, even if the cup is removed, the ventilator circuit remains sealed, preventing the leakage of pathogen-laden gas and maintaining the patient's airway pressure (PEEP), thus avoiding the risk of alveolar collapse caused by circuit disconnection.

[0042] Alternatively, in some embodiments, such as Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the three-way pipe 1 is a Y-shaped pipe, with the axis of the first interface 11 and the axis of the second interface 12 forming a V-shaped angle, and the third interface 13 located at the bottom of the V-shaped angle where the current converges.

[0043] Compared to the traditional T-shaped tee pipe, the Y-shaped (or V-shaped) design is more in line with the principles of fluid mechanics. When the airflow carrying condensate flows through this point, the confluence effect at the bottom of the V-shape can more effectively guide the droplets attached to the pipe wall to the third interface 13, reducing the retention of water in the main pipeline and improving collection efficiency.

[0044] This utility model also provides a ventilator 8, such as Figure 1As shown, it includes a breathing tubing 7 and a multi-directionally adjustable ventilator water collection cup device as described in any of the above claims. The breathing tubing 7 is connected to the first interface 11 and the second interface 12 of the three-way tube 1, respectively.

[0045] In practical applications, it is usually necessary to connect a water collection cup device in series in both the inhalation and exhalation circuits. For example... Figure 1 In the inspiratory circuit, gas from the ventilator 8 passes through the heating and humidifying unit, carrying condensate into the water collection cup device for collection and drying before reaching the patient. In the expiratory circuit, the patient's exhaled humidified gas passes through the water collection cup device, where condensate is collected, and the dried gas returns to the ventilator 8. By applying this water collection cup device to the breathing circuit 7 of the ventilator 8, the entire ventilation system can adapt to complex clinical environments. Regardless of how the bed is adjusted or the patient's position changes, the water collection cups in both circuits can reliably maintain a vertical working state, providing an important guarantee for the safety of mechanical ventilation.

[0046] The working principle of this utility model is as follows:

[0047] During normal operation of the ventilator 8, humidified gas flows through the breathing tubing 7 and the three-way valve 1. Condensate generated from gas cooling collects at the V-shaped bottom of the three-way valve 1 under the influence of gravity and airflow, then passes through the third interface 13 into the multi-directional adjustment mechanism. The condensate flows sequentially through the internal space of the mounting base 3, the fluid channels within the ball joint 41 and connecting pipe 42, and passes through the open shut-off valve 6, finally dripping into the collection cup 2 for temporary storage. When the position of the breathing tubing 7 changes due to clinical nursing needs, causing the three-way valve 1 to tilt, medical staff observe that the collection cup 2 deviates from its vertical position. At this time, simply hold the collection cup 2 and apply a slight external force to rotate it. The ball joint 41 of the rotating component 4 slides and rotates within the arc-shaped guide groove 31 of the mounting base 3, while the elastic sealing ring 5 maintains a seal and provides damping during this process. Adjust until the collection cup 2 returns to its vertical downward position, then release; the damping force keeps the collection cup in its new position. When the water level in the collection cup 2 reaches the warning line and needs to be cleaned, the medical staff rotates the knob 63 of the shut-off valve 6 to close the flow channel, then unscrews the cup body 22 to pour out the accumulated water, then tightens the cup body 22 again and opens the shut-off valve 6 to complete the maintenance process.

[0048] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A multi-directional adjustable ventilator water collection cup device, comprising a three-way tube (1), a multi-directional adjustment mechanism, and a water collection cup (2), wherein the three-way tube (1) is provided with a first interface (11) and a second interface (12) for connecting to the breathing tubing (7) of a ventilator (8), and a third interface (13) for draining condensate, characterized in that: The multi-directional adjustment mechanism is located between the third interface (13) and the water collection cup (2). The multi-directional adjustment mechanism includes a fixed base (3) and a rotating component (4). The fixing seat (3) is fixedly connected to the end of the third interface (13). The fixing seat (3) has a concave arc-shaped guide groove (31) inside, and the arc-shaped guide groove (31) is connected to the third interface (13). The rotating component (4) includes an upper ball joint (41) and a lower connecting pipe (42). The ball joint (41) and the connecting pipe (42) are connected to form a fluid channel, and the fluid channel is connected to the third interface (13). The water collecting cup (2) is connected to the rotating component (4) through the connecting pipe (42); The ball joint (41) is rotatably fitted into the arc-shaped guide groove (31) of the fixed seat (3) to form a ball joint structure. The rotating part (4) can rotate relative to the fixed seat (3) to change the angle between the water collecting cup (2) and the three-way pipe (1), so that the water collecting cup (2) can rotate relative to the three-way pipe (1) within the angle range defined by the ball joint structure, so as to maintain or restore the vertical downward state under its own gravity or external operation.

2. The multi-directionally adjustable ventilator water collection cup device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water collection cup (2) includes a lid (21) and a body (22); The end of the connecting tube (42) away from the ball joint (41) is connected to the cup lid (21), and the cup lid (21) is detachably connected to the cup body (22).

3. The multi-directionally adjustable ventilator water collection cup device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connecting tube (42) has an external thread at one end away from the ball joint (41), and the cup lid (21) has an internal thread hole at the center that matches the external thread. The connecting tube (42) is threadedly connected to the cup lid (21) through the internal thread hole. The outer edge of the cup lid (21) is provided with an internal thread, and the top of the cup body (22) is provided with an external thread that matches the internal thread. The cup lid (21) and the cup body (22) are connected in a threaded seal.

4. The multi-directionally adjustable ventilator water collection cup device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom of the cup body (22) is provided with a drain outlet (23), and the drain outlet (23) is provided with an interface structure for connecting an external drain pipe so as to facilitate the discharge of condensate.

5. A multi-directionally adjustable ventilator water collection cup device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An elastic sealing ring (5) is provided between the outer wall of the ball joint (41) and the inner wall of the arc-shaped guide groove (31). The elastic sealing ring (5) is tightly sealed against the inner wall of the arc-shaped guide groove (31) to seal the gap between the fixed seat (3) and the rotating part (4).

6. The multi-directionally adjustable ventilator water collection cup device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting pipe (42) is provided with a shut-off valve (6). The shut-off valve (6) includes a valve stem (61) rotatably mounted on the connecting pipe (42), a valve plate (62) fixed on the valve stem (61) and located in the fluid channel, and a knob (63) located outside the connecting pipe (42) and connected to the valve stem (61) for driving its rotation.

7. A multi-directionally adjustable ventilator water collection cup device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-way pipe (1) is a Y-shaped pipe. The axis of the first interface (11) and the axis of the second interface (12) are set at a V-shaped angle. The third interface (13) is located at the bottom of the V-shaped angle where the confluence occurs.

8. A ventilator (8), characterized in that, It includes a breathing tubing (7) and a multi-directionally adjustable ventilator water collection cup device as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the breathing tubing (7) is connected to the first interface (11) and the second interface (12) of the three-way tube (1).

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