Power supply controller and automobile

Abstract

The utility model provides a power supply controller and an automobile, and belongs to the technical field of vehicle power supply management equipment. Comprising a power supply main switch which comprises a first contact group and a second contact group; the energy storage battery is used for storing electric energy; the main power supply electromagnetic relay is electrically connected with the positive electrode of the energy storage battery and the first contact group and is used for maintaining or changing the output state of the energy storage battery; the DC-DC converter is electrically connected with a normally open contact of the main power supply electromagnetic relay and is used as an output power supply of the vehicle to output a KL30 signal after the vehicle is successfully powered on; the ignition switch is electrically connected with a KL30 signal through a second contact group; the ignition relay is electrically connected with an ignition gear of the ignition switch and used for outputting a KL15 signal to wake up the DC-DC converter; when the power supply main switch is turned off, the power-on states of the main power supply electromagnetic relay, the ignition switch and the ignition relay are changed at the same time, and reliable power-off action is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of vehicle power management equipment technology, and in particular to a power controller and an automobile. Background Technology

[0002] The automotive power system is a crucial component of a vehicle, providing electricity to power various onboard electrical devices such as the engine control system, lighting system, air conditioning system, and audio system. The automotive power system is typically controlled by a main power switch. When the vehicle is started, the main power switch closes, supplying power from the battery to the vehicle's electrical systems. When the vehicle is parked or the engine is off, the main power switch opens, cutting off the power supply to prevent battery drain and ensuring the vehicle can still be started even after being parked for several days.

[0003] However, conventional main power switches can only directly or indirectly disconnect the positive terminal of the battery and cannot directly control the vehicle to shut down. A secondary operation via the ignition switch knob is required to shut down the engine reliably. In extreme scenarios, such as electrical short circuits, collisions, or fires, operating the main power switch alone cannot shut down the vehicle and may further cause or aggravate the accident.

[0004] Therefore, it is essential to provide a power controller and automobile that can be logically associated with the battery, DC-DC converter, ignition switch and IG relay, and reliably power down the entire vehicle through a single action. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of this, the present invention proposes a power controller and automobile that can reliably power down the entire vehicle with only a single operation.

[0006] On the one hand, this utility model provides a power controller, including:

[0007] The main power switch includes a first contact group and a second contact group;

[0008] Energy storage batteries are used to store electrical energy;

[0009] The main power electromagnetic relay is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the energy storage battery and the first contact group, respectively, and is used to maintain or change the output state of the energy storage battery.

[0010] The DC-DC converter is electrically connected to the normally open contact of the main power electromagnetic relay and is used to output the KL30 signal as the vehicle's output power supply after the vehicle is successfully powered on.

[0011] The ignition switch is electrically connected to one end of the KL30 signal and the second contact group, respectively.

[0012] The ignition relay is electrically connected to the other end of the second contact group and is used to output the KL15 signal to wake up the DC-DC converter.

[0013] When the main power switch is turned off, the power-on status of the main power electromagnetic relay, ignition switch, and ignition relay changes simultaneously.

[0014] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, the main power switch includes a plurality of auxiliary contacts; the first contact group includes a first auxiliary contact and a second auxiliary contact, the first auxiliary contact and the second auxiliary contact are electrically connected, and the first auxiliary contact is also electrically connected to the ground wire; the second contact group includes a third auxiliary contact and a fourth auxiliary contact, the third auxiliary contact and the fourth auxiliary contact are electrically connected, the third auxiliary contact is also electrically connected to the KL30 signal, and the fourth auxiliary contact is electrically connected to the ignition switch.

[0015] Preferably, the main power switch includes a first off position and a first on position. In the first off position, a plurality of auxiliary contacts are disconnected from each other. In the first on position, the first auxiliary contact is connected to the second auxiliary contact, and the third auxiliary contact is connected to the fourth auxiliary contact.

[0016] More preferably, one end of the coil of the main power electromagnetic relay is electrically connected to the second contact, the other end of the coil of the main power electromagnetic relay is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the energy storage battery, one end of the contact of the main power electromagnetic relay is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the energy storage battery, and the other end of the contact of the main power electromagnetic relay serves as the power signal output terminal and is also electrically connected to the input terminal of the DC-DC converter; the negative terminal of the energy storage battery is grounded.

[0017] More preferably, the ignition switch includes a second off position and a second on position, the contact of the second off position is electrically connected to a fourth auxiliary contact, and the contact of the second on position is electrically connected to an ignition relay; the ignition switch is used to change the connection state between the contact of the second off position and the contact of the second on position, so as to energize or de-energize the coil of the ignition relay.

[0018] More preferably, one end of the coil of the ignition relay is electrically connected to the contact of the second open position, the other end of the coil of the ignition relay is grounded, and the contact of the ignition relay is electrically connected to the electromagnetic switch of the DC-DC converter.

[0019] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, it also includes an electronic control unit (ECU), which is electrically connected to either the KL30 signal or the KL15 signal.

[0020] On the other hand, this utility model provides a car equipped with the aforementioned power controller, wherein when the main power switch is turned off, the main power electromagnetic relay, ignition switch, and ignition relay are simultaneously de-energized.

[0021] The power controller and automobile provided by this utility model have the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0022] (1) This utility model is equipped with a first contact group and a second contact group. When the main power switch is turned off, the first contact group and the second contact group act simultaneously. The first contact group cuts off the power supply circuit of the main power electromagnetic relay, which causes the main power electromagnetic relay to immediately de-energize and release, the normally open contact opens, and the output of the energy storage battery is cut off. When the second contact group opens, it cuts off the power supply circuit of the ignition relay coil, which causes the ignition relay to de-energize and release, stops the output of the KL15 signal, and cuts off the wake-up signal of the DC-DC converter. Through the linkage shutdown, the hard wire of the vehicle power supply can be disconnected, which can improve the safety of the vehicle.

[0023] (2) The main power switch adopts a mechanically linked first contact group and second contact group to ensure that it can be turned off at the same time. Regardless of the position of the ignition switch at this time, it can change the power-on state of the ignition switch, ignition relay and DC-DC converter. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 Wiring diagram for existing power controller, energy storage battery, ignition switch and ignition relay;

[0026] Figure 2 This utility model relates to a power controller and a circuit wiring diagram for an automobile. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of this utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this utility model, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0028] like Figure 1As shown, when the vehicle is static, turning off the main power switch on the left stops the energy storage battery from supplying power to the vehicle's load. After the vehicle starts, the engine or DC-DC converter continuously outputs the KL15 signal to power the ECU and other devices, and is decoupled from the main power switch. Therefore, even if the main power switch is turned off, it will not affect the operation of subsequent circuits such as the DC-DC converter. Power-off can only be reliably achieved by manually turning off the ignition switch to the LOCK position. In extreme scenarios, such as electrical short circuits, collisions, or fires, simply operating the main power switch will not power off the entire vehicle and may further trigger or escalate the accident.

[0029] In view of this, such as Figure 2 As shown, in one aspect, this utility model provides a power controller, including:

[0030] The main power switch includes a first contact group and a second contact group; in this embodiment, a rocker switch with an indicator light is selected. The main power switch has two positions: 0 and 1. Position 0 indicates off, and position 1 indicates on.

[0031] An energy storage battery is used to store electrical energy; the energy storage battery can be a lead-acid battery or a lithium battery, and the lead-acid battery used in the description in the accompanying drawings is not considered as a limitation of the technical solution of this application.

[0032] The main power electromagnetic relay is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the energy storage battery and the first contact group, respectively, and is used to maintain or change the output state of the energy storage battery; the main power electromagnetic relay is used to control the output state of the energy storage battery.

[0033] The DC-DC converter is electrically connected to the normally open contact of the main power electromagnetic relay. It is used as the vehicle's output power source after the vehicle is successfully powered on, and outputs the KL30 signal. The DC-DC converter is used to convert the signal provided by the energy storage battery into the KL30 signal output to meet the usage needs of different vehicle electrical equipment.

[0034] The ignition switch is electrically connected to the KL30 signal via the second contact group. The ignition switch is used to start various vehicle-mounted devices, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the ignition switch typically has four positions: LOCK, used to lock the vehicle and remove the key; ACC, which powers accessories such as the car radio, car stereo, or air conditioning; ON, which connects the entire vehicle's electrical system, performing necessary preparations and self-checks for starting the engine, and allows the use of the air conditioning system; and ST, which connects the starter circuit, driving the engine to start and ignite the vehicle. After ignition, it automatically returns to the ON position. When the ignition switch is in the ON position, it is electrically connected to the IG position, i.e., the coil of the ignition relay.

[0035] One end of the ignition relay coil is electrically connected to the contact of the second activation position, the other end of the ignition relay coil is grounded, and the contacts of the ignition relay are electrically connected to the electromagnetic switch of the DC-DC converter.

[0036] When the main power switch is turned off, the energizing status of the main power electromagnetic relay, ignition switch, and ignition relay changes simultaneously. Thanks to the improved hard connection, a single main power switch can simultaneously de-energize the main power electromagnetic relay, ignition switch, and ignition relay, simplifying user operation and mitigating the risk of unreliable shutdown due to software delays or malfunctions.

[0037] The KL30 signal is typically the operating voltage of onboard equipment, usually 11V-15V. The KL15 signal is typically the engine ignition signal and the signal to start the vehicle.

[0038] like Figure 2 As shown, the main power switch includes several auxiliary contacts; the main power switch includes a first off position and a first on position; the first contact group includes a first auxiliary contact and a second auxiliary contact, the first auxiliary contact is electrically connected to the second auxiliary contact, and the first auxiliary contact is also electrically connected to the ground wire; the second contact group includes a third auxiliary contact and a fourth auxiliary contact, the third auxiliary contact and the fourth auxiliary contact are electrically connected, the third auxiliary contact is electrically connected to the ignition switch, and the fourth auxiliary contact is also electrically connected to the ignition relay.

[0039] When the main power switch is in the first off position, several auxiliary contacts are disconnected from each other; when the main power switch is in the first on position, the first auxiliary contact is connected to the second auxiliary contact, and the third auxiliary contact is connected to the fourth auxiliary contact. Figure 2 In the diagram, the first auxiliary contact is marked as 1, the second auxiliary contact is marked as 3, and the first and second auxiliary contacts are connected by a connecting piece; the third auxiliary contact is marked as 2, and the fourth auxiliary contact is marked as 4, and the third and fourth auxiliary contacts are connected by a connecting piece.

[0040] One end of the coil of the main power electromagnetic relay is electrically connected to the second contact, and the other end of the coil is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the energy storage battery. One end of the contact of the main power electromagnetic relay is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the energy storage battery, and the other end of the contact serves as the power signal output terminal and is also electrically connected to the input terminal of the DC-DC converter; the negative terminal of the energy storage battery is grounded. When the main power switch is in the first open position (I), a circuit is formed: positive terminal of the energy storage battery - second auxiliary contact - first auxiliary contact - ground (negative terminal of the energy storage battery). The coil of the main power electromagnetic relay is energized, the contact closes, and the positive terminal of the energy storage battery outputs a power signal, which is directly used by some on-board equipment and as the input of the DC-DC converter.

[0041] The ignition switch includes a second off position (LOCK) and a second on position (ON). The contact of the second off position (LOCK) is electrically connected to a fourth auxiliary contact, and the contact of the second on position (ON) is electrically connected to an ignition relay. The ignition switch is used to change the connection state between the contact of the second off position (LOCK) and the contact of the second on position (ON), thereby energizing or de-energizing the coil of the ignition relay. Figure 2 When the main power switch is in position I, the KL30 signal passes through the third auxiliary contact 2 and the fourth auxiliary contact 4 in sequence, and connects with the contact of the second off position LOCK. When the ignition switch is rotated to the second on position ON, the ignition switch is powered on. At the same time as the ignition switch is turned on, the coil of the ignition relay is also powered on.

[0042] One end of the ignition relay coil is electrically connected to the contact of the second ON position, and the other end of the ignition relay coil is grounded. The contacts of the ignition relay are electrically connected to the electromagnetic switch of the DC-DC converter. After the ignition coil is energized, the contacts close, the DC-DC converter receives the wake-up signal, and the DC-DC converter starts working and outputs the KL15 signal.

[0043] To ensure a reliable power-on or power-off process, the procedures for different states are described below:

[0044] 1. Normal Start-up and Power Supply Control: When starting the vehicle, the user needs to turn on the main power switch first. The first contact group is turned on, energizing the coil of the main power electromagnetic relay, and the energy storage battery outputs a power signal. Then, the user turns the ignition switch to the second ON position. The second contact group, the contacts of the second LOCK position of the ignition switch, the contacts of the second ON position, and the coil of the ignition relay are connected in sequence. The coil of the ignition relay is energized, and the contact 87 of the ignition relay is connected, outputting the KL15 signal to wake up the DC-DC converter. The DC-DC converter works normally and outputs the KL30 signal, activating the vehicle controller and completing the vehicle start-up.

[0045] 2. Normal engine shutdown procedure: Rotate the ignition switch to the second off position LOCK. The ignition relay coil is de-energized, the ignition relay circuit is cut off, and the contacts are reset to 87a. The DC-DC converter stops outputting the KL30 signal due to the loss of the wake-up signal. The vehicle controller is powered down according to the preset sequence, and the vehicle enters a low-power state. After the power-down is complete, the user can turn off the main power switch.

[0046] 3. Forced power-down in emergency situations: In an emergency, the user can directly turn off the main power switch, disconnect the first and second contact groups, cut off the power supply to the ignition relay coil and the main power electromagnetic relay coil, and all vehicle controllers, including the vehicle controller, will immediately enter the power-down state to avoid residual electrical energy from damaging electrical components.

[0047] Because the forced power-down in an emergency bypasses the software control logic, the hardware interlock ensures that the power-down action is executed 100% reliably with a response time of less than 0.5 seconds, thus avoiding the risk of short circuits or leakage.

[0048] like Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment also includes an Electronic Control Unit (ECU), which is electrically connected to either the KL30 signal or the KL15 signal. To ensure the reliable operation of the vehicle controller and to be compatible with either the KL30 or KL15 signal, the ECU can collect information from the accelerator pedal, brake pedal, gear position, and other human-machine interface data. By comprehensively considering the current state of the vehicle, it can provide the engine, onboard equipment, and the driver with corresponding acceleration, deceleration, or braking suggestions.

[0049] On the other hand, this utility model provides a car equipped with the aforementioned power controller, wherein when the main power switch is turned off, the main power electromagnetic relay, ignition switch, and ignition relay are simultaneously de-energized.

[0050] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A power controller, characterized in that, include: The main power switch includes a first contact group and a second contact group; Energy storage batteries are used to store electrical energy; The main power electromagnetic relay is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the energy storage battery and the first contact group, respectively, and is used to maintain or change the output state of the energy storage battery. The DC-DC converter is electrically connected to the normally open contact of the main power electromagnetic relay and is used to output the KL30 signal as the vehicle's output power supply after the vehicle is successfully powered on. The ignition switch is electrically connected to the KL30 signal via the second contact group; The ignition relay is electrically connected to the ignition position of the ignition switch and is used to output the KL15 signal to wake up the DC-DC converter. When the main power switch is turned off, the power-on status of the main power electromagnetic relay, ignition switch, and ignition relay changes simultaneously.

2. A power controller according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main power switch includes several auxiliary contacts; the first contact group includes a first auxiliary contact and a second auxiliary contact, the first auxiliary contact and the second auxiliary contact are electrically connected, and the first auxiliary contact is also electrically connected to the ground wire; the second contact group includes a third auxiliary contact and a fourth auxiliary contact, the third auxiliary contact and the fourth auxiliary contact are electrically connected, the third auxiliary contact is also electrically connected to the KL30 signal, and the fourth auxiliary contact is electrically connected to the ignition switch.

3. A power controller according to claim 2, characterized in that, The main power switch includes a first off position and a first on position. In the first off position, several auxiliary contacts are disconnected from each other. In the first on position, the first auxiliary contact is connected to the second auxiliary contact, and the third auxiliary contact is connected to the fourth auxiliary contact.

4. A power controller according to claim 3, characterized in that, One end of the coil of the main power electromagnetic relay is electrically connected to the second contact, and the other end of the coil of the main power electromagnetic relay is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the energy storage battery. One end of the contact of the main power electromagnetic relay is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the energy storage battery, and the other end of the contact of the main power electromagnetic relay serves as the power signal output terminal and is also electrically connected to the input terminal of the DC-DC converter; the negative terminal of the energy storage battery is grounded.

5. A power controller according to claim 3, characterized in that, The ignition switch includes a second off position and a second on position. The contact of the second off position is electrically connected to the fourth auxiliary contact, and the contact of the second on position is electrically connected to the ignition relay. The ignition switch is used to change the connection state between the contact of the second off position and the contact of the second on position, so as to energize or de-energize the coil of the ignition relay.

6. A power controller according to claim 5, characterized in that, One end of the coil of the ignition relay is electrically connected to the contact of the second open position, the other end of the coil of the ignition relay is grounded, and the contact of the ignition relay is electrically connected to the electromagnetic switch of the DC-DC converter.

7. A power controller according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an electronic control unit (ECU), which is electrically connected to either the KL30 signal or the KL15 signal.

8. A vehicle equipped with a power controller as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, When the main power switch is turned off, the main power electromagnetic relay, ignition switch, and ignition relay are simultaneously de-energized.

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