Steel-copper-aluminum composite cathode conductive structure of aluminum electrolysis cell

Abstract

The utility model provides an aluminum electrolysis cell steel-copper-aluminum composite cathode conductive structure which comprises a cathode carbon block, a cathode steel conductive piece, a carbon steel connecting piece and a cathode copper conductive piece, a first mounting groove is formed in the cathode carbon block, and the cathode steel conductive piece is arranged in the first mounting groove and electrically connected with the cathode carbon block through the carbon steel connecting piece; a second mounting groove is formed in the cathode steel conductive piece, the cathode copper conductive piece is arranged in the second mounting groove and is electrically connected with the cathode steel conductive piece, the copper-aluminum connecting piece comprises a copper part and an aluminum part which are compounded together, the copper part is electrically connected with the copper-aluminum connecting piece, and the aluminum part is used for being electrically connected with a cathode aluminum bus. When the steel-copper-aluminum composite cathode conductive structure of the aluminum electrolysis cell is used, compared with the prior art, the voltage drop generated when current passes through a copper-steel interface, the cathode conductive steel bar and the steel-aluminum explosion block is omitted, so that the voltage drop of the cathode conductive structure is greatly reduced, and invalid energy consumption is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of cathode conductive structure in aluminum electrolysis cells, specifically to a steel-copper-aluminum composite cathode conductive structure for aluminum electrolysis cells. Background Technology

[0002] The conductive components of an aluminum electrolysis cell mainly consist of an anode conductive structure and a cathode conductive structure. For example... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the cathode conductive structure in the prior art comprises a cathode carbon block assembly, a steel-aluminum explosive block 01, a cathode aluminum flexible strip 02, and a cathode aluminum busbar 03. The cathode carbon block assembly is one of the core components of the prebaked aluminum electrolytic cell, and each mainstream electrolytic cell contains 20-30 cathode carbon block assemblies. The cathode carbon block assembly in the prior art mainly consists of a cathode carbon block 04, a cathode conductive steel rod 05, and phosphorus pig iron 06. The cathode conductive steel rod 05 is cast together with the cathode carbon block 04 using phosphorus pig iron 06. One end of the cathode conductive steel rod 05 protrudes from the end of the cathode carbon block 04 and is welded to the steel block 011 of the steel-aluminum explosive block 01. The aluminum block 012 of the steel-aluminum explosive block 01 is welded to the cathode aluminum flexible strip 02, and the cathode aluminum flexible strip 02 is electrically connected to the cathode aluminum busbar 03. In existing technologies, to reduce the voltage drop of the cathode conductive structure, a hole is often made in the core of the cathode conductive steel rod 05, and a section of copper rod 07 is embedded in it, or molten copper is poured into the hole to form the copper rod 07. Related technologies are also documented in published literature, such as the invention patent application with publication number CN110093629A entitled "An Energy-Saving Composite Cathode Steel Rod for Aluminum Electrolysis Cells." Another example is the content described on page 240 and page 395 of the first and second volumes of "Modern Aluminum Electrolysis Design and Intelligentization," written by Professor Liang Xuemin and published by Metallurgical Industry Press. The current flow path of the cathode conductive steel rod 05 with the built-in copper rod 07 during conduction is: current → cathode conductive steel rod 05 → steel-copper interface → copper rod 07 → copper-steel interface → cathode conductive steel rod 05 → steel-aluminum explosion block 01 → cathode aluminum soft strip 02 → cathode aluminum busbar 03. The high conductivity of the copper rod 07 is used to reduce the voltage drop, achieving the purpose of energy saving. However, in production applications, it was found that the voltage drop during current flow from the copper-steel interface → cathode conductive steel rod 05 → steel-aluminum explosion block 01 is as high as 20-30 mV, with a power consumption of 60-90 kWh per ton of aluminum, indicating that ineffective energy consumption remains high. Therefore, it is necessary to design a cathode conductive structure with a lower voltage drop to reduce ineffective energy consumption during production. Utility Model Content

[0003] This application provides a steel-copper-aluminum composite cathode conductive structure for aluminum electrolytic cells to solve the technical problems of large voltage drop and high ineffective energy consumption in the cathode conductive structures of the prior art.

[0004] The steel-copper-aluminum composite cathode conductive structure for the aluminum electrolytic cell provided in this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] A steel-copper-aluminum composite cathode conductive structure for an aluminum electrolytic cell includes a cathode carbon block, a cathode steel conductive component, a carbon steel connector, and a cathode copper conductive component. A first mounting groove is formed on the cathode carbon block, and the cathode steel conductive component is disposed within the first mounting groove and electrically connected to the cathode carbon block via the carbon steel connector. A second mounting groove is formed on the cathode steel conductive component, and the cathode copper conductive component is disposed within the second mounting groove and electrically connected to the cathode steel conductive component. The structure also includes a copper-aluminum connector, comprising a copper portion and an aluminum portion composite together. The copper portion is electrically connected to the copper-aluminum connector, and the aluminum portion is used for electrical connection to the cathode aluminum busbar.

[0006] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: When the aluminum electrolysis cell steel-copper-aluminum composite cathode conductive structure of this application is used, the current flow path includes cathode copper conductive component → copper-aluminum connector → cathode aluminum busbar. Compared with the current flow path of copper rod → copper-steel interface → cathode conductive steel rod → steel-aluminum explosion block → cathode aluminum soft strip → cathode aluminum busbar in the prior art, the voltage drop of the current passing through the copper-steel interface, cathode conductive steel rod and steel-aluminum explosion block is eliminated, thereby greatly reducing the voltage drop of the cathode conductive structure and reducing ineffective energy consumption.

[0007] Furthermore, the copper-aluminum connector is a copper-aluminum composite plate, with the copper part being a copper plate and the aluminum part being an aluminum plate.

[0008] Furthermore, at least two copper-aluminum connectors are stacked together.

[0009] The beneficial effects of adopting the above technical solution are as follows: When welding copper-aluminum composite plates, each copper-aluminum composite plate can be welded individually. After one copper-aluminum composite plate is welded, the next copper-aluminum composite plate is then stacked and welded immediately. During welding, a certain number of copper-aluminum composite plates can be stacked according to the size of the cathode copper conductive component, thereby ensuring a reliable weld to the cathode copper conductive component. Using multiple copper-aluminum composite plates to weld with the cathode copper conductive component allows for a larger welding area between the cathode copper conductive component and the copper-aluminum composite plate, thus increasing the actual contact area between the cathode copper conductive component and the copper-aluminum composite plate. This not only reduces the voltage drop between the cathode copper conductive component and the copper-aluminum composite plate but also improves the connection strength between the cathode copper conductive component and the copper-aluminum composite plate.

[0010] Furthermore, an aluminum block is welded to one end of the aluminum part for electrical connection with the cathode aluminum busbar, and the aluminum part is electrically connected to the cathode aluminum busbar through the aluminum block.

[0011] Furthermore, the cathode steel conductive component is a steel rod, and the cathode copper conductive component is a copper rod.

[0012] Furthermore, the carbon steel connector is made of rammed paste or pig iron.

[0013] Furthermore, the bottom of the copper-aluminum connector is provided with a support steel plate for supporting the copper-aluminum connector, and the support steel plate is welded and fixed to the cathode steel conductive component. Attached Figure Description

[0014] The above and other objects, features, and advantages of exemplary embodiments of this application will become readily understood by reading the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, several embodiments of this application are illustrated by way of example and not limitation, and the same or corresponding reference numerals denote the same or corresponding parts, wherein:

[0015] Figure 1 This is a front view of a cathode conductive structure in the prior art;

[0016] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along the AA direction;

[0017] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the conductive structure of the steel-copper-aluminum composite cathode in an aluminum electrolytic cell according to an embodiment of this application.

[0018] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of the structure at point B;

[0019] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the copper-aluminum connector in the embodiments of this application.

[0020] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0021] Figure 1 and Figure 2 Among them, 01, steel-aluminum explosive block; 011, steel block; 012, aluminum block; 02, cathode aluminum flexible strip; 03, cathode aluminum busbar; 04, cathode carbon block; 05, cathode conductive steel rod; 06, phosphorus pig iron; 07, copper rod;

[0022] Figures 3-5 In the middle, 1. Cathode carbon block; 2. Cathode steel conductive component; 3. Carbon steel connector; 4. Cathode copper conductive component; 5. Copper-aluminum connector; 51. Copper part; 52. Aluminum part; 6. Aluminum block; 7. Cathode aluminum flexible strip; 8. Cathode aluminum busbar; 9. Supporting steel plate. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments described below are only a part of the embodiments disclosed in this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0024] Reference Figures 3-5 The aluminum electrolytic cell steel-copper-aluminum composite cathode conductive structure of this application embodiment includes a cathode carbon block 1, a cathode steel conductive component 2, a carbon steel connector 3, a cathode copper conductive component 4, a copper-aluminum connector 5, an aluminum block 6, a cathode aluminum flexible strip 7, and a cathode aluminum busbar 8. A first mounting groove is formed on the cathode carbon block 1, and the cathode steel conductive component 2 is disposed in the first mounting groove and electrically connected to the cathode carbon block 1 through the carbon steel connector 3. A second mounting groove is formed on the cathode steel conductive component 2, and the cathode copper conductive component 4 is disposed in the second mounting groove and electrically connected to the cathode steel conductive component 2. In this embodiment, the cathode steel conductive component 2 is a steel rod, with one end protruding from the end of the cathode carbon block 1 to form an extended end. The carbon steel connector 3 is phosphorus pig iron, and the steel rod is connected to the cathode carbon block 1 by casting molten phosphorus pig iron. The cathode copper conductive component 4 is a copper rod with a rectangular cross-section, and the copper rod is embedded in the second mounting groove, with one end of the copper rod flush with the extended end of the cathode steel conductive component 2. In other embodiments, the cross-section of the copper rod may also be circular, and one end of the copper rod may protrude beyond the outer end of the cathode steel conductive element 2.

[0025] Continue to refer to Figures 3-5 The copper-aluminum connector 5 includes a copper portion 51 and an aluminum portion 52 composited together. The copper portion 51 is electrically connected to the copper-aluminum connector 5, and the aluminum portion 52 is used for electrical connection to the cathode aluminum busbar 8. In this embodiment, five copper-aluminum connectors 5 are stacked. The copper-aluminum connector 5 is a copper-aluminum composite plate, which is a rectangular plate formed by atomically bonding copper and aluminum plates through metallurgical rolling. The copper plate is the copper portion 51, and the aluminum plate is the aluminum portion 52; both the copper and aluminum plates are L-shaped. In other embodiments, the number of copper-aluminum connectors 5 can be adjusted as needed, and the copper and aluminum plates can also be planar plate structures.

[0026] Continue to refer to Figures 3-5 An aluminum block 6 is welded to one end of the aluminum portion 52 of each copper-aluminum connector 5, which is used for electrical connection with the cathode aluminum busbar 8. One end of the cathode aluminum flexible strip 7 is welded to the aluminum block 6, and the other end of the cathode aluminum flexible strip 7 is welded to the cathode aluminum busbar 8. A support steel plate 9 is also provided at the bottom of the copper-aluminum connector 5 to support the copper-aluminum connector 5. The support steel plate 9 is a rectangular plate, one side of the support steel plate 9 is welded and fixed to the cathode steel conductive component 2, and the side of the support steel plate 9 away from the cathode steel conductive component 2 protrudes from the aluminum block 6. The support steel plate 9 can provide support and protection for the copper-aluminum connector 5 and the aluminum block 6.

[0027] When connecting the copper rod and the aluminum block 6, first weld the supporting steel plate 9 horizontally to the extended end of the steel rod, with the upper surface of the supporting steel plate 9 flush with the lower surface of the copper rod. Then, stack and weld the copper-aluminum composite plates sequentially from bottom to top, ensuring a tight fit between adjacent layers. During welding, the copper plate of the copper-aluminum composite plate is welded to the copper rod, and the aluminum plate of the copper-aluminum composite plate is welded to the aluminum block 6.

[0028] The implementation principle of the steel-copper-aluminum composite cathode conductive structure of the aluminum electrolytic cell in this application embodiment is as follows: When in use, the current flow path of the steel-copper-aluminum composite cathode conductive structure of the aluminum electrolytic cell in this application includes cathode copper conductive component 4 → copper-aluminum connector 5 → cathode aluminum busbar 8. Compared with the current flow path of copper rod → copper-steel interface → cathode conductive steel rod → steel-aluminum explosion block → cathode aluminum flexible strip 7 → cathode aluminum busbar 8 in the prior art, the voltage drop of the current passing through the copper-steel interface, cathode conductive steel rod and steel-aluminum explosion block is eliminated, thereby greatly reducing the voltage drop of the cathode conductive structure and reducing ineffective energy consumption. In addition, when welding the copper-aluminum composite plate, each copper-aluminum composite plate can be welded individually. After one copper-aluminum composite plate is welded, the next copper-aluminum composite plate is then stacked and welded. During welding, a certain number of copper-aluminum composite plates can be stacked according to the size of the cathode copper conductive component 4, thereby firmly welding the cathode copper conductive component 4. By welding multiple copper-aluminum composite plates to the cathode copper conductive component 4, a larger welding area can be achieved between the cathode copper conductive component 4 and the copper-aluminum composite plate. This increases the actual contact area between the cathode copper conductive component 4 and the copper-aluminum composite plate, which not only reduces the voltage drop between the cathode copper conductive component 4 and the copper-aluminum composite plate but also improves the connection strength between the cathode copper conductive component 4 and the copper-aluminum composite plate.

[0029] In other embodiments, the steel rod can also be connected to the cathode carbon block 1 by tamping with tamping paste.

[0030] In other embodiments, the number of steel bars can be set as needed, for example, to two, four, six, or eight.

[0031] The above are preferred embodiments of this application. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of this application, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A steel-copper-aluminum composite cathode conductive structure for an aluminum electrolytic cell, comprising a cathode carbon block (1), a cathode steel conductive component (2), a carbon steel connector (3), and a cathode copper conductive component (4), wherein a first mounting groove is formed on the cathode carbon block (1), the cathode steel conductive component (2) is disposed in the first mounting groove and electrically connected to the cathode carbon block (1) through the carbon steel connector (3), a second mounting groove is formed on the cathode steel conductive component (2), and the cathode copper conductive component (4) is disposed in the second mounting groove and electrically connected to the cathode steel conductive component (2), characterized in that, It also includes a copper-aluminum connector (5), which includes a copper part (51) and an aluminum part (52) combined together. The copper part (51) is electrically connected to the copper-aluminum connector (5), and the aluminum part (52) is used to be electrically connected to the cathode aluminum busbar (8).

2. The steel-copper-aluminum composite cathode conductive structure for aluminum electrolytic cells according to claim 1, characterized in that, The copper-aluminum connector (5) is a copper-aluminum composite plate, with the copper part (51) being a copper plate and the aluminum part (52) being an aluminum plate.

3. The steel-copper-aluminum composite cathode conductive structure for aluminum electrolytic cells according to claim 2, characterized in that, The copper-aluminum connectors (5) are stacked in at least two layers.

4. The steel-copper-aluminum composite cathode conductive structure for aluminum electrolytic cells according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, An aluminum block (6) is also welded to one end of the aluminum part (52) for electrical connection with the cathode aluminum busbar (8), and the aluminum part (52) is electrically connected to the cathode aluminum busbar (8) through the aluminum block (6).

5. The steel-copper-aluminum composite cathode conductive structure for aluminum electrolytic cells according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The cathode steel conductive component (2) is a steel rod, and the cathode copper conductive component (4) is a copper rod.

6. The steel-copper-aluminum composite cathode conductive structure for aluminum electrolytic cells according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The carbon steel connector (3) is a tamping paste or pig iron.

7. The steel-copper-aluminum composite cathode conductive structure for aluminum electrolytic cells according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The bottom of the copper-aluminum connector (5) is also provided with a support steel plate (9) for supporting the copper-aluminum connector (5), and the support steel plate (9) is welded and fixed to the cathode steel conductive component (2).

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