Crushing device and treatment equipment for mercury-containing fluorescent tube
By designing a crushing device for mercury-containing fluorescent tubes, the waste gas is extracted and materials are separated using a negative pressure environment, thus solving the risks of mercury waste gas spillage and the problem of resource recycling, and achieving safe and efficient treatment and resource recovery.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- ZHUHAI DONGJIANG ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-05
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies pose a high risk of mercury fumes overflow when processing mercury-containing fluorescent tubes, and are difficult to recycle and reuse, and cannot effectively separate and recycle materials such as metals and plastics.
设计一种含汞日光灯管的破碎装置，包括预处理反应器、破碎器、废气处理组件和传送组件，通过负压环境抽出含汞废气，并利用蒸馏装置和筛选装置实现废气处理和材料分离，避免人工接触和降低处理成本。
It reduces the risk of mercury gas leakage, improves resource recycling rate, and achieves effective separation and recycling of plastics, metals and mercury, ensuring the safety of operators and processing efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN224222300U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of lamp tube processing technology, and in particular to a crushing device and processing equipment for mercury-containing fluorescent lamp tubes. Background Technology
[0002] In the recycling of waste fluorescent tubes, toxic substances such as mercury are present. When these tubes are crushed, the mercury evaporates into the air, posing a serious health risk if inhaled. Furthermore, mercury vapor entering soil or water causes environmental pollution. Existing crushing devices typically only have a crushing structure; after crushing the tubes, the fragments are discharged for recycling. Therefore, a design has been developed that uses concrete to solidify the tube fragments and solid mercury sulfide within a reaction vessel, forming a solidified block. The reaction vessel is then completely encapsulated and landfilled. This design offers better protection than tube processing devices that only have a crushing function, but its safety is still insufficient.
[0003] Existing technical solutions utilize concrete, sulfur powder, or similar curing agents to solidify broken fluorescent tubes, thereby treating mercury gas in mercury-containing fluorescent tubes. For example, Chinese patent document CN202210633291.2 discloses a method for treating mercury-containing fluorescent tubes. First, the mercury-containing fluorescent tube to be treated and a mercury absorbent are placed in a reaction container and sealed. Then, the reaction container is inverted, causing the mercury-containing fluorescent tube to be treated to roll and repeatedly impact, breaking it and releasing mercury vapor. The mercury vapor combines with the mercury absorbent to form a precipitate. The entire reaction process takes place within the sealed reaction container. Further, the sealing cap is opened, and a curing material is poured in through the material inlet. The concrete solidifies the tube fragments and solid mercury sulfide within the reaction container, forming a solidified block. Finally, the reaction container is completely sealed and buried. Another example is Chinese patent document CN202310503655.X, which discloses a highly efficient combined device for breaking mercury-containing fluorescent tubes, which follows a similar technical path to the above-mentioned solutions.
[0004] Existing technologies have achieved the treatment of mercury-containing waste gas from fluorescent tubes, but two problems remain. First, there is still a high risk of mercury gas spillage during the treatment process. For example, the technology disclosed in CN202210633291.2 requires the fluorescent tube to be crushed before adding the curing agent through the feed port of the treatment device. Second, existing technologies cannot recycle other materials in the fluorescent tubes, or their recycling is difficult, such as metals and plastics, resulting in resource waste. Utility Model Content
[0005] This application provides a crushing device for mercury-containing fluorescent tubes, which improves the reliability of the crushing device for treating mercury-containing waste gas and increases the resource recycling rate, thereby at least partially solving the above-mentioned technical problems.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, according to a first aspect of this application, a device for breaking mercury-containing fluorescent tubes is provided, comprising:
[0007] A pretreatment reactor for pretreatment of the mercury-containing fluorescent tubes;
[0008] A crusher is connected to the pretreatment reactor;
[0009] The pretreatment reactor is provided with a pretreatment reaction chamber, the crusher is provided with a crushing chamber, and the pretreatment reaction chamber is connected to the crushing chamber;
[0010] The pretreatment reactor includes a first feed gate through which the mercury-containing fluorescent tube enters the pretreatment reaction chamber.
[0011] The exhaust gas treatment unit is equipped with an airflow channel;
[0012] The airflow channel is connected to the pretreatment reaction chamber, and the exhaust gas treatment component is configured to create a negative pressure inside the pretreatment reaction chamber.
[0013] Optionally,
[0014] The pretreatment reactor includes:
[0015] The second feed gate is located inside the pretreatment reaction chamber; the second feed gate divides the pretreatment reaction chamber into a first reaction chamber and a second reaction chamber, wherein the second reaction chamber is connected to the crushing chamber.
[0016] Optionally,
[0017] The first feed gate and the second feed gate are parallel. When the first feed gate and the second feed gate are in the closed state, the ratio of the volume of the first reaction chamber to the volume of the second reaction chamber is 0.3~3.
[0018] Optionally,
[0019] The airflow channels are connected to the first reaction chamber and the second reaction chamber, respectively.
[0020] Optionally,
[0021] The airflow channel is located in the upper middle part of the pretreatment reactor at the connection points with the first reaction chamber and the second reaction chamber.
[0022] Optionally,
[0023] The pretreatment reactor also includes:
[0024] A pre-crushing component, disposed in the first reaction chamber, is configured to initially crush the mercury-containing fluorescent tube.
[0025] Optionally,
[0026] The pretreatment reactor also includes:
[0027] A humidification component is installed in the second reaction chamber to increase the humidity inside the second reaction chamber.
[0028] Optionally,
[0029] The device for breaking the mercury-containing fluorescent tube also includes:
[0030] The conveying assembly is configured to convey the mercury-containing fluorescent tube sequentially into the first reaction chamber, the second reaction chamber, and the crushing chamber.
[0031] Optionally,
[0032] The conveying assembly includes a conveyor belt disposed below the pretreatment reactor and the crusher, wherein the conveyor belt includes a plurality of baffles.
[0033] According to a second aspect of this application, a processing apparatus for mercury-containing fluorescent tubes is provided, comprising:
[0034] The device for crushing mercury-containing fluorescent tubes as described in the first aspect of this application;
[0035] A distillation apparatus connected to the waste gas treatment assembly;
[0036] A screening device is configured to screen the fluorescent tubes after they have been processed by the crushing device.
[0037] In the mercury-containing fluorescent tube crushing and processing equipment of this application embodiment, a pretreatment reactor is used for pretreatment of the mercury-containing fluorescent tubes, a crusher is used for crushing the mercury-containing fluorescent tubes, an exhaust gas treatment unit extracts the mercury-containing exhaust gas generated during the processing of the mercury-containing fluorescent tubes from the pretreatment reactor and the crusher, a distillation device treats the mercury-containing exhaust gas, and a screening device treats the solid materials. This avoids secondary contact between workers and the mercury-containing fluorescent tubes, reduces the risk of mercury-containing exhaust gas leakage during the processing of the mercury-containing fluorescent tubes, and simultaneously separates the mercury-containing exhaust gas, plastics, and metals, improving resource utilization.
[0038] Other features and advantages of this application will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description
[0039] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0040] To gain a more complete understanding of this application and its beneficial effects, the following description will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals in the following description denote the same parts.
[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the mercury-containing fluorescent tube processing device provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure;
[0042] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the crushing device for mercury-containing fluorescent tubes provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure;
[0043] Figure 3 This is another schematic diagram of the structure of the mercury-containing fluorescent tube crushing device provided in the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure;
[0044] Figure 4 This is yet another schematic diagram of the structure of the mercury-containing fluorescent tube crushing device provided in the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure;
[0045] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:
[0046] 1. Equipment for processing mercury-containing fluorescent tubes;
[0047] 100. A device for crushing mercury-containing fluorescent tubes;
[0048] 110. Pretreatment reactor; 111. Pretreatment reaction chamber; 111a. First reaction chamber; 111b. Second reaction chamber; 112. First feed gate; 113. Second feed gate; 114. Pre-crushing assembly; 115. Wettening assembly;
[0049] 120. Crusher; 121. Crushing chamber;
[0050] 130. Exhaust gas treatment components; 131. Airflow duct; 132. Air compressor;
[0051] 140. Conveying assembly; 141. Conveyor belt; 1411. Barrier strip;
[0052] 200. Distillation apparatus;
[0053] 300. Screening device; Detailed Implementation
[0054] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the protection scope of this application.
[0055] According to the first aspect of this application, referring to Figures 1 to 4 This disclosure provides a crushing device 100 for mercury-containing fluorescent tubes, including: a pretreatment reactor 110, a crusher 120, a waste gas treatment assembly 130, and a conveying assembly 140.
[0056] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 2 The pretreatment reactor 110 is used for the pretreatment of mercury-containing fluorescent tubes, the crusher 120 is used for the crushing process of the mercury-containing fluorescent tubes, the waste gas treatment component 130 extracts the mercury-containing waste gas generated during the treatment of mercury-containing fluorescent tubes from the pretreatment reactor 110 and the crusher 120, and the conveying component 140 is configured to convey the mercury-containing fluorescent tubes sequentially into the pretreatment reactor 110 and the crusher 120. The pretreatment methods described in this application include, but are not limited to, preliminary crushing of the fluorescent tubes, cleaning and humidification of the fluorescent tubes, etc., so as to facilitate the subsequent processes of the fluorescent tubes through pretreatment.
[0057] The pretreatment reactor 110 is equipped with a pretreatment reaction chamber 111 and a first feed gate 112, and the crusher 120 is equipped with a crushing chamber 121. The pretreatment reaction chamber 111 and the crushing chamber 121 are connected. The mercury-containing fluorescent tubes to be treated enter the pretreatment reaction chamber 111 through the first feed gate 112, where they undergo preliminary treatment. After treatment, the mercury-containing fluorescent tubes enter the crushing chamber 121, where the crusher 120 completes the crushing process. During the pretreatment and crushing process of the mercury-containing fluorescent tubes, the mercury-containing waste gas in the tubes flows into the pretreatment reaction chamber 111 and the crushing chamber 121 due to the tubes being crushed. The waste gas treatment assembly 130 is equipped with an airflow channel 131, which is connected to the pretreatment reactor 110. The mercury-containing waste gas in the pretreatment reaction chamber 111 and the crushing chamber 121 is discharged through the airflow channel 131.
[0058] The exhaust gas treatment assembly 130 includes an air compressor 132, which creates a negative pressure environment in the pretreatment reaction chamber 111 and the crushing chamber 121, causing the mercury-containing exhaust gas in the pretreatment reaction chamber 111 and the crushing chamber 121 to flow out through the airflow channel 131. This application provides a method for generating a negative pressure environment; methods that utilize other power devices to extract mercury-containing exhaust gas from the pretreatment reaction chamber 111 and the crushing chamber 121 are also within the scope of protection of this application.
[0059] With the above technical solution, during the pretreatment of mercury-containing fluorescent tubes, workers only need to put the fluorescent tubes into the pretreatment reaction chamber 111 through the first feeding gate 112. The mercury-containing fluorescent tube crushing device 100 can automatically complete the subsequent processes. Workers no longer need to come into contact with the mercury-containing fluorescent tubes a second time, which improves the protection of workers' health. At the same time, the mercury-containing waste gas is directly extracted through the waste gas treatment component 130, eliminating the need to use concrete or other curing agents for treatment, thus reducing treatment costs.
[0060] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 3 The pretreatment reactor 110 also includes a second feed gate 113, which is disposed within the pretreatment reaction chamber 111. The second feed gate 113 divides the pretreatment reaction chamber 111 into a first reaction chamber 111a and a second reaction chamber 111b. The second reaction chamber 111b communicates with the crushing chamber 121, meaning that the first reaction chamber 111a is located between the first feed gate 112 and the second feed gate 113. The second feed gate 113 further enhances the sealing of the mercury-containing fluorescent tube processing device, preventing mercury gas leakage and ensuring operator safety. Both the first feed gate 112 and the second feed gate 113 are made of a material with good elastic sealing properties. When the mercury-containing fluorescent tubes to be processed enter the first feed door 112 via the conveyor assembly 140, the second feed door 113 is closed. When the tubes enter the second feed door 113, the first feed door 112 is closed. A linkage structure can be installed between the first feed door 112 and the second feed door 113. The linkage structure can be existing technology and will not be described in detail in this application. When one feed door is opened, the other feed door is closed, thereby ensuring airtightness and preventing the leakage of mercury-containing gas in different processing steps.
[0061] In some embodiments of this application, the first feed gate 112 and the second feed gate 113 are parallel. When the first feed gate 112 and the second feed gate 113 are closed, the volume ratio of the first reaction chamber 111a and the second reaction chamber 111b is 0.3 to 3. The volume ratio between the first reaction chamber 111a and the second reaction chamber 111b is selected according to the actual working conditions. For example, when there are many fluorescent tubes to be processed in the first reaction chamber 111a, the volume of the first reaction chamber 111a can be larger than that of the second reaction chamber 111b. When the content of fluorescent tubes in the two reaction chambers is about the same, the volume ratio of the first reaction chamber 111a and the second reaction chamber 111b can be set to 1, that is, the volumes of the first reaction chamber 111a and the second reaction chamber 111b are the same.
[0062] In some embodiments of this application, reference is made to Figure 3The airflow channel 131 is connected to the first reaction chamber 111a and the second reaction chamber 111b respectively, and the connection points between the airflow channel 131 and the first reaction chamber 111a and the second reaction chamber 111b are all located in the upper middle part of the pretreatment reactor 110. The airflow channel 131 is connected to the first reaction chamber 111a and the second reaction chamber 111b respectively, ensuring that the mercury-containing waste gas in the first reaction chamber 111a and the second reaction chamber 111b can be selectively extracted. In addition, since the mercury-containing fluorescent tubes are processed, the mercury-containing waste gas spontaneously moves towards the upper part of the first reaction chamber 111a and the second reaction chamber 111b, while the plastic and metal in the fluorescent tubes are located in the lower part of the first reaction chamber 111a and the second reaction chamber 111b, the connection position of the airflow channel 131 with the first reaction chamber 111a and the second reaction chamber 111b improves the removal efficiency of the mercury-containing waste gas, and at the same time, prevents the plastic, metal and other substances in the first reaction chamber 111a and the second reaction chamber 111b from being sucked into the airflow channel 131.
[0063] In some embodiments of this application, reference is made to Figure 4 The pretreatment reactor 110 further includes a pre-crushing component 114, which is disposed in the first reaction chamber 111a and configured to pre-crush mercury-containing fluorescent tubes. Since the stacked mercury-containing fluorescent tubes have a large volume, without pre-crushing, they would occupy a significant amount of space, reducing the number of fluorescent tubes to be processed in the first reaction chamber 111a and the second reaction chamber 111b, thus lowering processing efficiency. In this case, by pre-crushing the fluorescent tubes in the first reaction chamber 111a, the number of tubes processed in both chambers can be effectively increased. Simultaneously, the pre-crushed fluorescent tubes facilitate transport with the conveying component 140, improving processing efficiency. Processing the mercury-containing fluorescent tubes in the second reaction chamber 111b increases the air humidity, reducing the dispersion of plastic and other debris from the crushed tubes, which is then drawn into the airflow channel 131 by the air compressor 132, thus affecting the working efficiency of the exhaust gas treatment component 130.
[0064] In some embodiments of this application, reference is made to Figure 4The conveying assembly 140 includes a conveyor belt 141, which transports the fluorescent tubes to the area below the pretreatment reactor 110 and the crusher 120. In the actual processing of mercury-containing fluorescent tubes, workers either use a machine or directly place the tubes on the conveyor belt 141, which then transports them into the pretreatment reaction chamber 111 and the crushing chamber 121, completing the processing of the fluorescent tubes. During the transport of the fluorescent tubes, they may accumulate and slide on the conveyor belt 141. Therefore, several baffles 1411 are provided on the conveyor belt 141 to prevent the tubes from sliding during transport, confining them to a relatively fixed area on the conveyor belt 141 and improving the conveying efficiency of the conveying assembly 140.
[0065] According to the second aspect of this disclosure, referring to Figure 1 The present invention provides a processing apparatus 1 for mercury-containing fluorescent tubes, comprising at least the mercury-containing fluorescent tube crushing device 100, distillation device 200, and screening device 300 as described in the first aspect of the present disclosure.
[0066] The waste gas treatment component 130 is connected to the distillation unit 200. The distillation unit 200 treats the mercury-containing waste gas using a vacuum distillation process. Under conditions of high temperature (600℃) and distillation for 2 hours, the mercury removal rate reaches 99%, and the treated tail gas emissions will meet national emission standards. The condensed mercury can also be sold for disposal. After being crushed by the crusher 120, the mercury-containing fluorescent tubes enter the screening unit 300. Metal particles are adsorbed onto the screen by the magnetic separation system of the screening unit 300 through the sieve openings, while the crushed plastic falls through the sieve openings, achieving separation of plastic, metal, and mercury vapor. Since the metal, plastic, and mercury vapor have different destinations, the plastic is collected in ton bags, and the metal, after passing through the magnetic separation system, is transferred to a ton container by the conveyor belt 141 for storage.
[0067] The mercury-containing fluorescent tube processing equipment 1 disclosed herein achieves automated processing of fluorescent tubes, and in the process, it achieves the separation and treatment of the plastic, metal and mercury-containing waste gas of the fluorescent tubes, thereby improving the resource recycling rate.
[0068] Furthermore, the mercury-containing fluorescent tube processing equipment 1 has all the beneficial effects of the mercury-containing fluorescent tube crushing device 100 described above, which will not be repeated here.
[0069] In the description of this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.
[0070] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.
[0071] The embodiments, implementation methods, and related technical features of this application can be combined and substituted for each other without conflict.
[0072] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application in any way. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of this application without departing from the scope of the technical solution of this application shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of this application.
Claims
1. A device for crushing mercury-containing fluorescent tubes, characterized in that, include: A pretreatment reactor (110) is used for the pretreatment of the mercury-containing fluorescent tubes; A crusher (120) is connected to the pretreatment reactor (110); The pretreatment reactor (110) is provided with a pretreatment reaction chamber (111), and the crusher (120) is provided with a crushing chamber (121). The pretreatment reaction chamber (111) is connected to the crushing chamber (121). The pretreatment reactor (110) includes a first feed gate (112) through which the mercury-containing fluorescent tube enters the pretreatment reaction chamber (111). The exhaust gas treatment assembly (130) is provided with an airflow passage (131). The airflow channel (131) is connected to the pretreatment reaction chamber (111), and the exhaust gas treatment assembly (130) is configured to create a negative pressure in the pretreatment reaction chamber (111); The pretreatment reactor (110) includes: The second feed gate (113) is disposed in the pretreatment reaction chamber (111); the second feed gate (113) divides the pretreatment reaction chamber (111) into a first reaction chamber (111a) and a second reaction chamber (111b), wherein the second reaction chamber (111b) is connected to the crushing chamber (121); The airflow channel (131) is connected to the first reaction chamber (111a) and the second reaction chamber (111b) respectively; The airflow channel (131) is located in the upper middle part of the pretreatment reactor (110) at the connection points with the first reaction chamber (111a) and the second reaction chamber (111b).
2. The crushing device for mercury-containing fluorescent tubes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first feed gate (112) and the second feed gate (113) are parallel. When the first feed gate (112) and the second feed gate (113) are closed, the ratio of the volume of the first reaction chamber (111a) to the volume of the second reaction chamber (111b) is 0.3~3.
3. The device for crushing mercury-containing fluorescent tubes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pretreatment reactor (110) further includes: A pre-crushing assembly (114), disposed in the first reaction chamber (111a), is configured to initially crush the mercury-containing fluorescent tube.
4. The device for crushing mercury-containing fluorescent tubes according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pretreatment reactor (110) further includes: A humidification component (115) is disposed in the second reaction chamber (111b) to increase the humidity inside the second reaction chamber (111b).
5. The device for crushing mercury-containing fluorescent tubes according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The mercury-containing fluorescent tube crushing device (100) further includes: The conveying assembly (140) is configured to convey the mercury-containing fluorescent tube sequentially into the first reaction chamber (111a), the second reaction chamber (111b), and the crushing chamber (121).
6. The crushing device for mercury-containing fluorescent tubes according to claim 5, characterized in that, The conveying assembly (140) includes a conveyor belt (141) disposed below the pretreatment reactor (110) and the crusher (120), wherein the conveyor belt (141) includes a plurality of baffles (1411).
7. A processing device for mercury-containing fluorescent tubes, characterized in that, include: The device for breaking mercury-containing fluorescent tubes as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 (100). A distillation apparatus (200) is connected to the waste gas treatment assembly (130); The screening device (300) is configured to screen the fluorescent tubes after they have been processed by the crushing device (100) containing mercury.