Mechanical test device
By combining mechanical structure and control system, the static and dynamic load modes of the mechanical testing device are seamlessly switched, which solves the problems of large equipment space occupation, high cost and inability to work in coordination in the existing technology, and improves experimental efficiency and data reliability.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- JINAN ZHONGLUCHANG TESTING MACHINE MFG
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-07
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing mechanical testing equipment requires separate purchases of static and dynamic load devices, which occupy a large space and are costly. Furthermore, they cannot work together and it is difficult to achieve seamless switching between static and dynamic loading.
A mechanical testing device was designed, which combines mechanical structure and control system. Through the innovative integration of hydraulic cylinder, steering gear, energy storage component and loading component, it achieves seamless switching between static load and dynamic load, and uses hydraulic cylinder and energy storage component to simulate static and dynamic load.
It achieves seamless switching between static and dynamic load modes, improves experimental efficiency, reduces costs, and can conduct quasi-static mechanical property testing of materials in a coordinated manner. The data is highly reliable and can simulate impact loads in actual working conditions.
Smart Images
Figure CN224231489U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of mechanical testing technology, specifically a mechanical testing device. Background Technology
[0002] Mechanical testing equipment is an indispensable key device in the fields of materials science, mechanical engineering, and civil engineering. It is primarily used to evaluate the mechanical properties of materials or structures under different loading conditions. Its core applications include: testing quasi-static mechanical parameters such as compressive strength, elastic modulus, and creep characteristics of materials under constant or gradually increasing static loads; and simulating dynamic loads in actual working conditions to analyze the impact toughness, fatigue life, and dynamic response of materials. This data has significant engineering guiding value for product design optimization, structural safety assessment, and the development of new materials.
[0003] Currently, common mechanical testing equipment can be divided into two categories based on the loading method: Static load testing machines: These mostly use hydraulic systems, servo motors, or mechanical lever mechanisms to apply static loads through weight stacking or closed-loop control. Dynamic load testing machines: These include drop hammer impact testing machines, electromagnetic vibration tables, and pneumatic impact devices, which utilize gravity free fall, electromagnetic excitation, or high-pressure gas drive to generate transient impacts or periodic vibrations.
[0004] However, static and dynamic load testing require separate equipment, which occupies laboratory space and significantly increases purchase and maintenance costs. Furthermore, static load testing equipment cannot achieve dynamic impact, and dynamic load testing equipment struggles to precisely control quasi-static loading parameters, making it impossible for the two to work together. Utility Model Content
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a mechanical testing device to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.
[0006] The objective of this utility model can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
[0007] A mechanical testing device includes a test chamber, with vertically arranged columns fixedly connected between the two ends of the top and bottom surfaces of the test chamber. A support base is fixedly installed at the middle of the bottom surface of the test chamber, and a groove is formed on the top surface of the support base for placing a test specimen.
[0008] A loading component is slidably installed on both of the columns, and an energy storage component sleeved around the column is provided between both ends of the loading component and the inner top surface of the experimental chamber.
[0009] A servo motor is fixedly installed at the center of the top surface of the experimental chamber. The output shaft of the servo motor passes through the top surface of the experimental chamber and is fixedly connected to a turntable. A hydraulic cylinder is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the turntable. A circumferential limiting component is fixedly connected between the periphery of the telescopic part of the hydraulic cylinder and the turntable.
[0010] A connector is fixedly installed at the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder, and a snap-fit component that mates with the connector is fixedly installed at the center of the top surface of the loading assembly.
[0011] Furthermore, the loading component includes a counterweight plate disposed directly above the support base, with slides fixedly installed at both ends of the counterweight plate, and the two slides being slidably connected to the two columns through linear bearings respectively.
[0012] A loading block is fixedly installed at the middle position of the bottom surface of the counterweight plate.
[0013] Furthermore, the energy storage component includes a spring sleeved around the column, with a sliding contact ring fixedly connected to the bottom end of the spring and the top end of the spring fixedly connected to the inner top surface of the experimental chamber.
[0014] The bottom surface of the abutment ring is no longer in contact with the top surface of the corresponding slide.
[0015] Furthermore, the snap-fit component includes a connecting plate fixedly installed at the center of the top surface of the counterweight plate, and two symmetrically distributed L-shaped baffles are fixedly installed on the top surface of the connecting plate.
[0016] Furthermore, the connector includes a disc fixedly installed at the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder. Two protrusions that cooperate with the two L-shaped baffles are fixedly connected to the middle position of the outer periphery of the disc. Ball bearings are embedded on the top surface of the protrusions.
[0017] Furthermore, the circumferential limiting component includes a mounting ring fixedly installed on the periphery of the hydraulic cylinder near the front end. Two symmetrically distributed protrusions are fixedly connected to the periphery of the mounting ring, and a vertically arranged limiting telescopic rod is fixedly connected between the top surface of the protrusions and the bottom surface of the turntable.
[0018] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:
[0019] The mechanical experimental device provided by this invention can seamlessly switch between static and dynamic load modes without replacing equipment, significantly improving experimental efficiency and reducing costs. The combined static and dynamic load testing is suitable for quasi-static mechanical property testing of materials, ensuring high data reliability. It can simulate impact loads under actual working conditions, quantitatively analyze the dynamic response and failure mechanism of specimens, and improve the practicality of the device. Attached Figure Description
[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model;
[0022] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Enlarged view of section A;
[0023] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the entire utility model;
[0024] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Enlarged view of section B;
[0025] The accompanying figure is labeled as follows:
[0026] 1-Test chamber, 2-Support seat, 3-Groove, 4-Specimen, 5-Loading block, 6-Counterweight plate, 7-Column, 8-Slide seat, 9-Abutting ring, 10-Spring, 11-Turntable, 12-Hydraulic cylinder, 13-Limit telescopic rod, 14-Servo motor, 15-Connecting plate, 16-L-shaped baffle, 17-Disc, 18-Protrusion, 19-Ball bearing, 20-Protrusion seat, 21-Mounting ring. Detailed Implementation
[0027] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.
[0028] Example:
[0029] Please see Figures 1-4 In this embodiment of the present invention, a mechanical testing device includes an experimental box 1. Vertical columns 7 are fixedly connected between the two ends of the top and bottom surfaces of the experimental box 1. A support base 2 is fixedly installed in the middle of the bottom surface of the experimental box 1. A groove 3 is provided on the top surface of the support base 2. The top surface of the support base 2 is used to place the test specimen 4.
[0030] A loading component is slidably installed on both of the columns 7. An energy storage component is sleeved around the column 7 between both ends of the loading component and the inner top surface of the experimental chamber 1.
[0031] A servo motor 14 is fixedly installed at the center of the top surface of the experimental chamber 1. The output shaft of the servo motor 14 passes through the top surface of the experimental chamber 1 and is fixedly connected to a turntable 11. A hydraulic cylinder 12 is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the turntable 11. A circumferential limiting component is fixedly connected between the periphery of the telescopic part of the hydraulic cylinder 12 and the turntable 11.
[0032] A connector is fixedly installed at the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder 12, and a snap-fit component that works in conjunction with the connector is fixedly installed at the center of the top surface of the loading component.
[0033] The loading component includes a counterweight plate 6 located directly above the support base 2. Both ends of the counterweight plate 6 are fixedly mounted with slide blocks 8. The two slide blocks 8 are slidably connected to the two columns 7 through linear bearings.
[0034] A loading block 5 is fixedly installed at the middle position of the bottom surface of the counterweight plate 6.
[0035] The energy storage component includes a spring 10 sleeved around the column 7, with a sliding contact ring 9 fixedly connected to the bottom end of the spring 10 and the top end of the spring 10 fixedly connected to the inner top surface of the experimental chamber 1.
[0036] The bottom surface of the abutment ring 9 is no longer in contact with the top surface of the corresponding slide 8.
[0037] The snap-fit component includes a connecting plate 15 fixedly installed at the center of the top surface of the counterweight plate 6, and two symmetrically distributed L-shaped baffles 16 are fixedly installed on the top surface of the connecting plate 15.
[0038] The connecting component includes a disc 17 fixedly mounted on the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder 12. Two protrusions 18, which cooperate with the two L-shaped baffles 16, are fixedly connected to the center of the outer periphery of the disc 17. Ball bearings 19 are embedded in the top surface of each protrusion 18. The ball bearings 19 reduce friction between the connecting component and the locking component, improving operational sensitivity.
[0039] The circumferential limiting component includes a mounting ring 21 fixedly installed on the periphery of the hydraulic cylinder 12 near its front end. Two symmetrically distributed protrusions 20 are fixedly connected to the periphery of the mounting ring 21. A vertically arranged limiting telescopic rod 13 is fixedly connected between the top surface of the protrusions 20 and the bottom surface of the turntable 11. The limiting telescopic rod 13 constrains the circumferential displacement of the hydraulic cylinder 12, preventing axial displacement during rotation.
[0040] When using this utility model:
[0041] I. Static Load Test
[0042] The specimen 4 is fixed on the groove 3 of the support base 2, and the hydraulic cylinder 12 extends downward through the telescopic end to push the connector to engage with the snap-fit of the loading component.
[0043] The hydraulic cylinder 12 extends continuously, driving the counterweight plate 6 to press down vertically along the column 7, so that the loading block 5 directly applies static pressure to the specimen 4.
[0044] During the process, the static load can be precisely controlled by adjusting the extension and retraction of the hydraulic cylinder 12, which is suitable for testing materials such as compressive strength and elastic modulus.
[0045] II. Dynamic load test and impact test
[0046] The hydraulic cylinder 12 retracts, and through the connecting disc 17, the protrusion 18 and the L-shaped baffle 16, the counterweight plate 6 is lifted to the high position.
[0047] When the counterweight plate 6 rises, the slide block 8 slides along the column 7, and the contact ring 9 moves upward accordingly, so the spring 10 is compressed and stores energy.
[0048] Then, the turntable 11 is driven to rotate by the servo motor 14, which in turn drives the hydraulic cylinder 12 and the connecting disc 17 to rotate synchronously.
[0049] When the turntable 11 rotates to the preset angle, the protrusion 18 of the connector disengages from the L-shaped baffle 16 of the snap-fit, and the counterweight plate 6 separates from the hydraulic cylinder 12.
[0050] At this moment, the spring 10 rapidly releases energy, pushing the contact ring 9 and the counterweight plate 6 to fall freely along the column 7, and the loading block 5 impacts the specimen 4 at high speed to achieve dynamic impact load.
[0051] By rotating the servo motor 14 in the opposite direction, the hydraulic cylinder 12 re-engages with the locking device, raising the counterweight plate 6 to the high position again, thus completing one impact cycle.
[0052] Therefore, the mechanical experimental device provided by this invention can seamlessly switch between static and dynamic load modes without replacing equipment, significantly improving experimental efficiency and reducing costs. The combined static and dynamic load testing is suitable for testing the quasi-static mechanical properties of materials, such as compressive strength and creep characteristics, with stable loading and high data reliability. It can simulate impact loads under actual working conditions, and quantitatively analyze the dynamic response and failure mechanism of specimens. Furthermore, it allows for the study of material failure behavior under combined loads by first preloading the specimen to a critical state using static load and then switching to dynamic impact.
[0053] This invention solves the problems of limited functionality and complex operation of traditional devices by innovatively integrating mechanical structure and control system, providing an efficient and accurate solution for testing the mechanical properties of materials.
[0054] By adjusting the stiffness of spring 10 and the mass of counterweight 6, impact loads of different energy levels can be simulated to meet the needs of various specimens such as metals, composite materials, and concrete.
[0055] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of this utility model. Various changes and modifications can be made to this utility model without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed utility model.
Claims
1. A mechanical testing apparatus, characterized in that, The experimental chamber (1) includes a vertically arranged column (7) fixedly connected between the two ends of the top and bottom surfaces of the experimental chamber (1). A support base (2) is fixedly installed in the middle of the bottom surface of the experimental chamber (1). A groove (3) is opened on the top surface of the support base (2). The top surface of the support base (2) is used to place the specimen (4). Loading components are slidably installed on both columns (7), and energy storage components are sleeved around the columns (7) between the two ends of the loading components and the inner top surface of the experimental box (1). A servo motor (14) is fixedly installed at the center of the top surface of the experimental chamber (1). The output shaft of the servo motor (14) passes through the top surface of the experimental chamber (1) and is fixedly connected to a turntable (11). A hydraulic cylinder (12) is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the turntable (11). A circumferential limiting component is fixedly connected between the periphery of the telescopic part of the hydraulic cylinder (12) and the turntable (11). A connector is fixedly installed at the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder (12), and a snap-fit component that works in conjunction with the connector is fixedly installed at the center of the top surface of the loading component.
2. The mechanical testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The loading component includes a counterweight plate (6) disposed directly above the support base (2), and two slides (8) are fixedly installed at both ends of the counterweight plate (6). The two slides (8) are respectively slidably connected to the two columns (7) through linear bearings. A loading block (5) is fixedly installed at the middle position of the bottom surface of the counterweight plate (6).
3. The mechanical testing device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The energy storage component includes a spring (10) sleeved around the column (7), with a sliding contact ring (9) fixedly connected to the bottom end of the spring (10) and the top end of the spring (10) fixedly connected to the inner top surface of the experimental box (1). The bottom surface of the contact ring (9) is no longer in contact with the top surface of the corresponding slide (8).
4. The mechanical testing device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The snap-fit component includes a connecting plate (15) fixedly installed at the center of the top surface of the counterweight plate (6), and two symmetrically distributed L-shaped baffles (16) are fixedly installed on the top surface of the connecting plate (15).
5. A mechanical testing device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The connector includes a disc (17) fixedly installed at the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder (12). Two protrusions (18) that cooperate with the two L-shaped baffles (16) are fixedly connected at the middle position of the outer periphery of the disc (17). Ball bearings (19) are embedded on the top surface of the protrusions (18).
6. The mechanical testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circumferential limiting component includes a mounting ring (21) fixedly installed on the periphery of the hydraulic cylinder (12) near the front end. Two symmetrically distributed protrusions (20) are fixedly connected to the periphery of the mounting ring (21). A vertically arranged limiting telescopic rod (13) is fixedly connected between the top surface of the protrusions (20) and the bottom surface of the turntable (11).