System for producing organic fertilizer by low-temperature-resistant fermentation of cow dung

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of production of organic fertilizers, and discloses a system for producing organic fertilizers by low-temperature-resistant fermentation of cow dung, which comprises a fermentation pretreatment shed and a roller classifying screen, the fermentation pretreatment shed is of a closed structure, a material pile and a fermentation tank are arranged in the fermentation pretreatment shed, the fermentation tank is used as a fermentation container for materials in the material pile, and the roller classifying screen is arranged in the fermentation tank. The roller classifying screen is used for screening fermented materials in the fermentation tank, a discharge port of the roller classifying screen is connected with an extrusion pelletizer, a discharge port of the extrusion pelletizer is connected with an airing field, and the airing field is used as an airing field for the materials extruded and pelletized by the extrusion pelletizer. According to the pre-fermentation treatment shed disclosed by the utility model, the temperature of materials can be increased within a short time, preparation work is made for rapid temperature rise of trough type fermentation in a low-temperature environment, and furfural residues and cow dung can be effectively compounded to prepare organic fertilizer under a low-temperature-resistant condition.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of organic fertilizer production technology, and more specifically to a system for producing organic fertilizer by low-temperature fermentation of cow dung. Background Technology

[0002] The beef cattle industry is the leading industry in Guyuan City, a pillar industry for rural revitalization, and an important vehicle for connecting farmers and enriching rural areas. The large and concentrated scale of beef cattle breeding leads to concentrated production of beef cattle. Local farmers are accustomed to returning cow manure to the fields because cow manure, as a common agricultural waste, contains rich organic matter and essential nutrients for plants. However, returning raw manure to the fields is prone to fermentation, causing seedling and root burn. If it is fermented and transformed into high-efficiency organic fertilizer, it becomes an excellent soil conditioner.

[0003] The low temperatures in Guyuan City during winter and spring prevent ambient temperature fermentation technology from heating up properly in such environments, severely hindering the production of cow manure organic fertilizer. Therefore, developing a system capable of fermentation under low-temperature conditions is of great significance for improving the city's cow manure processing capacity, reducing ecological pressure, and promoting the high-quality development of the beef cattle industry.

[0004] Furfural residue is a waste product generated during biomass hydrolysis, mainly consisting of corn cobs, corn stalks, rice husks, cottonseed hulls, and byproducts from the processing of agricultural and sideline products to produce furfural. It is a good auxiliary material for organic fertilizer production and a good soil conditioner. Scientific and rational utilization of furfural residue and maintaining mutually beneficial cooperation between industrial and agricultural production are practical needs for rural ecological environmental protection and rural revitalization. However, there are no public reports to date of effective organic fertilizer made from a combination of furfural residue and cow manure. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a low-temperature fermentation system for producing organic fertilizer from cow manure, which can effectively combine furfural residue and cow manure to produce organic fertilizer under low-temperature conditions.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a low-temperature fermentation system for producing organic fertilizer from cow dung, comprising a pre-fermentation treatment shed and a drum grading screen. The pre-fermentation treatment shed is a closed structure, and a material pile and a fermentation tank are provided inside the pre-fermentation treatment shed. The fermentation tank serves as the fermentation container for the material in the material pile. The drum grading screen is used to screen the fermented material in the fermentation tank. The discharge port of the drum grading screen is connected to an extrusion granulator, and the discharge port of the extrusion granulator is connected to a drying yard, which serves as the drying area for the material after extrusion granulation.

[0007] Preferably, the particle size of the material after screening by the drum classifier does not exceed 2mm.

[0008] Preferably, the material granulated by the extrusion granulator is in the form of cylindrical particles, the diameter of which is 5 mm and the length of which is 5-10 mm.

[0009] Preferably, a conveyor belt is provided between the discharge port of the drum grading screen and the inlet of the extrusion granulator.

[0010] Preferably, it also includes a spray pump, which is used to uniformly spray an aqueous solution of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate onto the material during the extrusion process of the extrusion granulator.

[0011] Preferably, the device also includes a metering and packaging machine, which is used to meter and package the materials after they have been dried in the drying yard.

[0012] Preferably, it also includes an automatic feeding hopper, with a conveyor located below the automatic feeding hopper.

[0013] Preferably, the drying area is provided with a movable folding roof.

[0014] As can be seen from the above technical solution, compared with the prior art, the low-temperature fermentation system for producing organic fertilizer from cow dung provided by this utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] 1. A sealed pre-fermentation shed can raise the temperature of materials in a short time, preparing them for rapid heating in a low-temperature fermentation tank.

[0016] 2. This system is suitable for semi-arid and semi-humid areas. It does not require drum drying; natural air drying can meet national standards, which saves energy and avoids the death of beneficial microorganisms caused by high temperatures, thus reducing fertilizer efficiency.

[0017] 3. Cow manure organic fertilizer has a high pH value. The ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution sprayed by the sprinkler pump can effectively reduce the pH value of cow manure organic fertilizer, which is beneficial for improving alkaline soils in the north. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the low-temperature fermentation system for producing organic fertilizer from cow dung according to this utility model.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the drying yard of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the process of the low-temperature fermentation system for producing organic fertilizer from cow dung according to this utility model.

[0022] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1-Pre-fermentation treatment shed, 2-Material pile, 3-Fermentation tank, 4-Drum grading screen, 5-Extrusion granulator, 6-Drying area, 7-Metering and packaging machine, 8-Spray pump, 9-Modular folding roof. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. The following description of an exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present utility model or its application or use. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present utility model without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present utility model.

[0024] like Figure 1 As shown, the low-temperature fermentation system for producing organic fertilizer from cow dung provided by this utility model includes a pre-fermentation treatment shed 1, a material pile 2, a fermentation tank 3, a drum grading screen 4, an extrusion granulator 5, a drying yard 6, a metering and packaging machine 7, a spray pump 8, and a movable folding top 9.

[0025] The pre-fermentation treatment shed 1 is a closed structure. The material pile 2 and fermentation tank 3 are set inside the pre-fermentation treatment shed 1. The fermentation tank 3 serves as the fermentation container for the material in the material pile 2. The drum grading screen 4 is used to screen the fermented material in the fermentation tank 3. The discharge port of the drum grading screen 4 is connected to the extrusion granulator 5. The discharge port of the extrusion granulator 5 is connected to the drying yard 6. The drying yard 6 serves as the drying area for the material after extrusion granulation by the extrusion granulator 5. The drying yard 6 is equipped with a movable folding roof 9. The spray pump 8 is used to evenly spray ammonium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution onto the material during the extrusion process of the extrusion granulator 5. The metering and packaging machine 7 is used to meter and package the material after drying in the drying yard 6.

[0026] It should be noted that the process of material from material pile 2 to fermentation tank 3, the process of material from fermentation tank 3 to drum grading screen 4, and the process of material from fermentation tank 3 to fermentation tank 4 can be carried out manually by feeding and handling, or can be replaced by an automatic feeding bin to improve production efficiency. A conveyor is provided below the automatic feeding bin.

[0027] Cow manure processing procedure: 55%-65% cow manure by weight, 35%-45% furfural residue by weight, add low-temperature fermentation inoculants, mix thoroughly according to the ratio, and pile in the pre-fermentation treatment area to a height of 3m-4m. After static fermentation for 2-3 days, transfer to a fermentation shed for strip-cut composting. After fermentation, add 8%-10% humic acid by weight of the decomposed raw materials. The resulting cow manure granular organic fertilizer has an organic matter content of over 30% and a total nutrient content of over 4%.

[0028] The preferred cow manure has a pH of 6-8, a moisture content of 75-85%, an organic matter content of 65-75%, a nitrogen content of 1-2%, a phosphorus content of 1-1.5%, and a potassium content of 2-3%.

[0029] The preferred furfural residue has a pH of 4.5-6, a moisture content of 40-45%, an organic matter content of 70-80%, a nitrogen content of 0.5-1.5%, a phosphorus content of 0.1-0.4%, and a potassium content of 0.5-1%.

[0030] like Figure 3 The production process of organic fertilizer is shown as follows: cow dung + furfural residue + low-temperature fermentation agent are mixed and piled up → trough fermentation (covered with straw mats) → feeding and sieving → feeding, extrusion and granulation → natural air drying → packaging.

[0031] Specifically, the steps of this invention's low-temperature fermentation system for producing organic fertilizer from cow dung are as follows:

[0032] Step 1: Pre-fermentation treatment. Spread 55%-65% cow manure and 35%-45% furfural residue on the ground to a thickness of approximately 35cm-45cm. Inoculate with a low-temperature fermentation agent, which is a mixture of inoculum and wheat bran at a ratio of 1:10. The inoculation amount is 1-1.5 kg per ton of pre-treated raw material. After mixing thoroughly according to the ratio, pile the mixture in the pre-fermentation treatment shed 1, adjusting the moisture content to approximately 55%-60% and the C / N ratio to 25-30:1. Once the fermentation requirements are met, pile the material into a 3m-4m high heap and allow it to ferment statically for 2-3 days, utilizing the existing oxygen. After the material temperature rises to 30-40℃, transfer it to fermentation tank 3 in the pre-fermentation treatment shed to begin tank composting fermentation.

[0033] Step 2: Primary Fermentation. The fermentation method chosen is trough fermentation. Fermentation trough 3 is 80 meters long, 8 meters wide, and 2.5 meters high. Pretreated material inoculated with a low-temperature fermentation agent is filled into fermentation trough 3, with a pile height of 1.8-2.2 meters. A thermometer is inserted to measure the pile temperature three times a day. The material is turned over with a turning machine every 3-5 days to ensure sufficient contact between the fermenting material and air for aerobic fermentation. After 5 days, the temperature rises to 50-60℃, and the cow dung odor disappears. The pile temperature must not exceed 70℃; it must be turned over and cooled before reaching 70℃. The pile temperature is maintained at 55-65℃ for one week, after which it stops rising and begins to decrease. Primary fermentation is complete when the temperature drops below 50℃.

[0034] Step 3: Secondary fermentation. The fermented material that has undergone primary fermentation is removed from fermentation tank 3 and piled up to a height of 3m on a rainproof, flat ground for secondary fermentation and decomposition. The secondary fermentation cycle is generally 15 days. After secondary fermentation, the raw material turns brown or grayish-brown, is loose, has no fecal odor, has a moisture content of less than 30%, a C / N ratio of less than 20:1, and the oxygen consumption rate tends to stabilize.

[0035] Step 4: Nutrient Preparation. Add 8-10% humic acid to the raw materials that have undergone secondary composting and fermentation, so that the organic matter reaches 35-40% and the total nutrient content is greater than 4%.

[0036] Step 5: Loading and Screening with a Forklift. Material can be loaded manually or using a forklift to shovel the secondary fermented raw materials into the automatic feeding hopper, replacing manual loading and improving work efficiency. When using the automatic feeding hopper, the conveyor at the bottom of the hopper can evenly transport the raw materials to the drum grading screen 4. The above materials are screened through the fine drum screen 4. The particle size of the screened material should not exceed 2mm. Large particles that are not fully fermented are crushed by a pulverizer and then re-fermented.

[0037] Step 6: Extrusion granulation. The sieved material is conveyed into the extrusion granulator 5 via a conveyor belt for extrusion granulation. The cylindrical particles are 5mm in diameter and 5-10mm in length. During the extrusion process, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution is evenly sprayed onto the material via a spray pump 8. The resulting granular fertilizer is then conveyed to the drying yard via a conveyor belt.

[0038] Step 7: Air dry. Transport the dried granular fertilizer to the drying yard, spread it out flat, and let it cool and air dry naturally to avoid killing beneficial microorganisms due to drying.

[0039] Step 8: Packaging. The air-dried granules are manually or using a forklift to shovel them into the automatic feeding hopper. The conveyor at the bottom of the hopper can evenly transport the raw materials to the metering and packaging machine 7 for metering and packaging.

[0040] It should be noted that the equipment such as the drum grading screen 4, extrusion granulator 5, metering and packaging machine 7, spray pump 8, and automatic feeder described in this utility model are existing technologies, and their structures are not improvements of this utility model, so they will not be described in detail.

[0041] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A system for producing organic fertilizer from cow dung through low-temperature fermentation, characterized in that, The system includes a pre-fermentation treatment shed (1) and a drum grading screen (4). The pre-fermentation treatment shed (1) is a closed structure. The pre-fermentation treatment shed (1) contains a material pile (2) and a fermentation tank (3). The fermentation tank (3) serves as a fermentation container for the material in the material pile (2). The drum grading screen (4) is used to screen the fermented material in the fermentation tank (3). The discharge port of the drum grading screen (4) is connected to an extrusion granulator (5). The discharge port of the extrusion granulator (5) is connected to a drying yard (6). The drying yard (6) serves as a drying area for the material after extrusion granulation by the extrusion granulator (5).

2. The low-temperature fermentation system for producing organic fertilizer from cow dung according to claim 1, characterized in that, The particle size of the material after screening by the drum grading screen (4) does not exceed 2mm.

3. The low-temperature fermentation system for producing organic fertilizer from cow dung according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material granulated by the extrusion granulator (5) is in the form of columnar particles with a diameter of 5 mm and a length of 5-10 mm.

4. The low-temperature fermentation system for producing organic fertilizer from cow dung according to claim 1, characterized in that, A conveyor belt is provided between the discharge port of the drum grading screen (4) and the inlet of the extrusion granulator (5).

5. The low-temperature fermentation system for producing organic fertilizer from cow dung according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a spray pump (8) for uniformly spraying an aqueous solution of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate onto the material during the extrusion process of the extruder (5).

6. The low-temperature fermentation system for producing organic fertilizer from cow dung according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a metering and packaging machine (7), which is used to meter and package the materials after they have been dried in the drying yard (6).

7. The low-temperature fermentation system for producing organic fertilizer from cow dung according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an automatic feeding hopper, below which is a conveyor.

8. The low-temperature fermentation system for producing organic fertilizer from cow dung according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drying area (6) is equipped with a movable folding roof (9).

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