Turning and ventilating integrated device in tobacco plant residue composting process

Abstract

The utility model provides a turning and ventilating integrated device in a tobacco plant residue composting process, which comprises a horizontal silo and a stirring shaft rotationally arranged in the horizontal silo, the stirring shaft is of a hollow structure so that a gas channel is formed in the stirring shaft, and a liquid pipeline is arranged in the stirring shaft; the stirring shaft is provided with a plurality of air outlets; a liquid outlet pipe is arranged at the position, corresponding to the air outlet, of the liquid pipeline so that liquid can be discharged into the horizontal silo through the air outlet. The air outlet is provided with a one-way valve matched with the liquid outlet pipe so that the one-way valve can open or close the air outlet and the liquid outlet pipe at the same time. According to the utility model, the gas channels are arranged in the stirring shaft and the stirring rods for continuously feeding air or oxygen into the silo, and the liquid pipelines are arranged in the stirring shaft and the stirring rods, so that a nitrogen source solution is firstly fed in the earlier stage of the composting process to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of tobacco stem materials; a microbial agent solution for degrading lignin and cellulose is added, so that the compost maturing process of tobacco plant residues is accelerated, and the compost quality is improved; in the later stage, a mixture of an adsorbent and water is fed for adsorbing nicotine and reducing nicotine loss; according to the utility model, the decomposition rate of tobacco stems is improved, nicotine loss is reduced, and the quality of compost products is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of agricultural technology, and in particular to a device for composting plants. Background Technology

[0002] Tobacco plant residues, including stalks, bottom leaves, stalks, and forks, account for approximately 25% of the total tobacco production, generating over one million tons annually. These residues are rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements, and contain an average nicotine content of 0.4-2.0%, making them highly volatile plant-derived natural insecticides. They can be used not only to control pests and diseases in tobacco fields but also for large-scale agricultural pest control, such as controlling aphids, scale insects, leaf miners, thrips, and cabbage white butterfly larvae on vegetables and fruit trees, as well as planthoppers and spider mites on cotton and citrus.

[0003] Composting tobacco plant residues produces organic fertilizer that effectively improves soil structure, enhances fertilizer utilization, and increases disease resistance, which is crucial for promoting the sustainable development of tobacco production. Current research has yielded some success in understanding the changes in physicochemical properties during composting, the formulation of microbial agents, and the decomposition-promoting effects of manure and microbial agents on tobacco waste. However, due to the high lignin content in tobacco plant residues, the decomposition of tobacco stalks is extremely slow.

[0004] Chinese utility model patent CN221588385U, published on August 23, 2024, discloses a tobacco residue composting fermentation device, including a fermentation tank. A stirring assembly and a separation baffle are rotatably mounted inside the fermentation tank. A discharge assembly is located at the bottom of the fermentation tank. The separation baffle includes a fixed baffle and a movable baffle. The fixed baffle is fixedly connected to the fermentation tank, and the movable baffle is detachably connected to the stirring assembly. The beneficial effects of this utility model are: when the movable baffle is disconnected from the stirring assembly, the separation baffle will not interfere with the rotation of the stirring assembly; when the movable baffle is connected to the stirring assembly, the stirring assembly can drive the movable baffle to rotate, moving it to a position coinciding with the fixed baffle, thereby opening or closing the separation baffle. However, the above patent cannot solve the problem of the very slow decomposition of tobacco stalks. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this utility model proposes an integrated device for turning and ventilation during the composting process of tobacco residues, which solves the problem of very slow decomposition of tobacco stalks in existing composting methods.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of this utility model is implemented as follows:

[0007] An integrated device for turning and ventilation during tobacco residue composting includes a horizontal silo and a rotating stirring shaft inside the silo. The stirring shaft has a hollow structure to create a gas channel inside, and a liquid pipe is provided inside the stirring shaft. The stirring shaft has several air outlets. A liquid outlet pipe is provided on the liquid pipe at the position corresponding to the air outlet to discharge liquid into the horizontal silo through the air outlet. A one-way valve is provided on the air outlet to cooperate with the liquid outlet pipe so that the one-way valve can open or close the air outlet and the liquid outlet pipe simultaneously.

[0008] Furthermore, the one-way valve includes a valve for opening or closing the outlet and a spring connecting the liquid pipe and the valve, with the spring sleeved on the outlet pipe.

[0009] Furthermore, the mating surface between the valve and the air outlet is a conical surface, with the larger end of the conical surface facing the outside of the stirring shaft and the smaller end facing the inside; and the smaller end is larger than the outer diameter of the liquid outlet pipe so that the portion of the valve extending beyond the liquid outlet pipe can bear the thrust of the gas.

[0010] Furthermore, the inner and outer sides of the valve are arc surfaces, and the end face of the liquid outlet pipe fits into the inner surface of the valve.

[0011] Furthermore, the stirring shaft is equipped with tumbling blades.

[0012] Furthermore, an inclined stirring rod is provided between the stirring shaft and the tumbling blades. The stirring rod has a branch gas channel communicating with the gas channel, and a liquid branch pipe communicating with the liquid pipeline. The branch gas channel has a secondary gas outlet, and the liquid branch pipe has a liquid outlet branch pipe corresponding to the secondary gas outlet. The secondary gas outlet has a one-way valve that cooperates with the liquid outlet branch pipe so that the one-way valve can open or close the secondary gas outlet and the liquid outlet branch pipe simultaneously.

[0013] Furthermore, both ends of the stirring shaft are rotatably connected to the horizontal silo via bearings. One end of the stirring shaft is connected to the stirring motor, and the other end passes through the horizontal silo and is sealed at the end. The sealed end is connected to an outer sleeve via two spaced-apart sealed bearings. An air inlet pipe is provided on the side wall of the outer sleeve between the two sealed bearings for connecting to an air compressor. A through hole is provided on the sealed end of the stirring shaft between the two sealed bearings to connect the air inlet pipe to the gas channel.

[0014] Furthermore, one end of the liquid pipeline passes through the closed end of the stirring shaft and is connected to an inlet pipe via a rotary joint.

[0015] Furthermore, the horizontal silo is provided with a jacket on the outside for introducing hot water to heat the horizontal silo.

[0016] Furthermore, the horizontal silo has a feed inlet at one end and a discharge outlet at the other end; the bottom of the horizontal silo is provided with a support.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0018] 1. This utility model provides a gas channel within the stirring shaft and stirring rod to continuously supply air or oxygen into the silo. It also provides a liquid pipeline within the stirring shaft and stirring rod to facilitate the introduction of a nitrogen source solution (e.g., a mixture of urea and water) in the early stages of the composting process, followed by the addition of a microbial agent solution for degrading lignin and cellulose (e.g., white-rot fungi or cellulose-degrading bacteria). This accelerates the composting and maturation process of tobacco residues and improves compost quality. In the later stages, a mixture of adsorbent solution (e.g., activated carbon or clay) and water is introduced to adsorb nicotine and reduce its loss.

[0019] 2. This utility model provides an air outlet on the stirring shaft and stirring rod, a liquid outlet pipe corresponding to the air outlet on the liquid pipeline, and a valve on the air outlet. When the valve is opened by wind power, the liquid in the liquid pipeline flows from the liquid outlet pipe into the compost material in the silo.

[0020] 3. This utility model uses tumbling blades on the stirring shaft to continuously tumble the tobacco particles, allowing the material to fully contact the gas while also ensuring relatively uniform contact between the material and the fed liquid.

[0021] 4. This utility model provides a composting environment with a certain temperature by setting a jacket on the outside of the silo. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model.

[0024] In the diagram: 1. Horizontal silo, 11. Feed hopper, 2. Agitator shaft, 21. Through hole, 3. Liquid pipe, 31. Liquid outlet pipe, 4. Valve, 5. Spring, 6. Tumbling blades, 7. Agitator rod, 8. Outer sleeve, 81. Air inlet pipe, 9. Liquid inlet pipe, 10. Sealed bearing. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown in Embodiment 1 of this utility model, an integrated device for turning and ventilation during the composting of tobacco residues includes a horizontal silo 1 and a stirring shaft 2 rotatably disposed within the horizontal silo 1. One end of the stirring shaft 2 is connected to a stirring motor, and the other end is a closed end. The stirring shaft 2 has a hollow structure to form a gas channel inside, and a gas supply component is connected to the closed end of the stirring shaft 2. A liquid pipe 3 is also provided inside the stirring shaft 2. The end of the liquid pipe 3 near the stirring motor is closed, and the other end of the liquid pipe 3 extends out of the closed section of the stirring shaft 2 and is connected to a liquid supply component. By setting up the liquid pipe, it is convenient to first introduce a nitrogen source solution (e.g., a mixture of urea and water) in the early stage of the composting process, followed by the addition of a microbial agent solution for degrading lignin and cellulose (e.g., white rot fungi, cellulose-degrading bacteria solution), accelerating the composting and maturation process of the tobacco residues and improving the quality of the compost. In the later stage, a mixture of adsorbent (e.g., activated carbon or clay) and water is introduced to adsorb nicotine, reduce nicotine loss, and thus improve the quality of the organic fertilizer formed from tobacco straw compost.

[0027] Furthermore, multiple connecting blocks are provided between the stirring shaft 2 and the liquid pipe 3 to support the liquid pipe 3 inside the stirring shaft 2 and connect the liquid pipe 3 and the stirring shaft 2, so that the stirring shaft 2 and the liquid pipe 3 rotate synchronously.

[0028] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 As shown, the stirring shaft 2 is provided with several air outlets; the liquid pipe 3 is provided with a liquid outlet pipe 31 at the position corresponding to the air outlet, and the outlet of the liquid outlet pipe 31 is aligned with the air outlet so that the liquid is discharged into the horizontal silo 1 through the air outlet; the air outlet is provided with a one-way valve that cooperates with the liquid outlet pipe 31 so that the one-way valve can open or close the air outlet and the liquid outlet pipe 31 at the same time.

[0029] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the one-way valve includes a valve 4 for opening or closing the vent and a spring 5 connecting the liquid pipe 3 and the valve 4. The stirring shaft 2 has multiple circular holes forming vents. The valve 4 fits into the vents, and the valve is connected to the liquid pipe 3 via the spring 5, allowing the valve to open the vent and automatically close it under the action of the spring. The spring 5 is also fitted onto the liquid outlet pipe 31, limiting the valve's path and ensuring more accurate closure of the vent.

[0030] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 As shown, the mating surface between the valve 4 and the air outlet is a conical surface, and the opening surface of the air outlet, i.e., the circular hole, on the stirring shaft 2 is also a conical surface. The larger end of the conical surface of the valve 4 faces outward from the stirring shaft 2, and the smaller end faces inward. Furthermore, the smaller end of the conical surface is larger than the outer diameter of the liquid outlet pipe 31, so that the portion of the valve 4 extending beyond the liquid outlet pipe 31 forms a force-bearing surface that can withstand the thrust of the gas. This facilitates the gas in the gas channel pushing open the valve 4 to enter the silo, while simultaneously allowing the liquid in the liquid outlet pipe 31 to enter the silo.

[0031] In addition, the inner and outer sides of the valve 4 are arc surfaces that are consistent with the inner and outer walls of the stirring shaft 2, and the end face of the liquid outlet pipe 31 fits with the inner side of the valve 4.

[0032] Example 2 differs from Example 1 in that, as Figure 1 As shown, the stirring shaft 2 is provided with tumbling blades 6. In this embodiment, the tumbling blades 6 are spiral tumbling blades. In another embodiment, the tumbling blades 6 may be multiple blades arranged at an angle and having an arc surface.

[0033] Furthermore, an inclined stirring rod 7 is provided between the stirring shaft 2 and the tumbling blades 6. The stirring rod 7 has a branch gas channel communicating with the gas channel, and a liquid branch pipe communicating with the liquid pipe 3. The branch gas channel has a secondary gas outlet, and the liquid branch pipe has a liquid outlet corresponding to the secondary gas outlet. A one-way valve is provided on the secondary gas outlet to cooperate with the liquid outlet, allowing the one-way valve to simultaneously open or close the secondary gas outlet and the liquid outlet. The structure of the one-way valve is the same as in Embodiment 1. By setting the inclined stirring rod 7, the spray area of ​​the liquid is increased, making the mixing of various solutions and materials more uniform.

[0034] In addition, multiple connecting blocks are provided between the stirring rod 7 and the liquid branch pipe to support the liquid branch pipe inside the stirring rod 7 and connect the liquid branch pipe and the stirring rod 7, so that the liquid branch pipe rotates together with the stirring rod 7.

[0035] Example 3 differs from Example 2 in that, as Figure 1As shown, the two ends of the stirring shaft 2 are rotatably connected to the horizontal silo 1 via bearings. One end of the stirring shaft 2 is connected to a stirring motor, and the other end extends out of the horizontal silo 1 and is sealed. An outer sleeve 8 is connected to the outer side of the sealed end via two spaced-apart sealed bearings 10. The outer sleeve 8 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the horizontal silo 1, preventing it from rotating, while the rotatable connection between the sealed bearings 10 and the stirring shaft 2 does not obstruct its rotation. An air inlet pipe 81 is located on the side wall of the outer sleeve 8 between the two sealed bearings 10 for connecting to an air compressor, i.e., the air supply component. A through hole 21 is located on the sealed end of the stirring shaft 2 between the two sealed bearings 10, allowing the air inlet pipe 81 to connect to a gas channel, thereby using the air compressor to introduce air into the horizontal silo 1, creating an aerobic composting environment. Furthermore, an air outlet with a filter is located at one end of the horizontal silo 1 to facilitate air circulation.

[0036] Furthermore, one end of the liquid pipe 3 extends through the closed end of the stirring shaft 2 and is connected to an inlet pipe 9 via a rotary joint. The inlet pipe 9 is connected to the liquid source, i.e., the liquid supply assembly, via a liquid transfer pump. The liquid transfer pump can be a peristaltic pump or a diaphragm pump. At the position where the liquid pipe 3 extends through the closed end of the stirring shaft 2, the liquid pipe 3 is fixedly connected to the stirring shaft 2, so that the two rotate together. A sealing ring is provided at the connection point, or it is fixed by sealing welding to prevent air leakage.

[0037] Example 4 differs from Example 3 in that, as Figure 1 As shown, the horizontal silo 1 is equipped with a jacket 12 on its outer side for introducing hot water to heat the silo 1, maintaining the compost temperature at 50-60 degrees Celsius. The jacket 12 has inlet and outlet water outlets. The horizontal silo 1 is equipped with a temperature and humidity sensor to detect the temperature and humidity inside the silo 1. In addition to monitoring temperature, it also detects humidity. When the humidity is low, more water can be added to the solution to maintain the humidity at 50%-60%, reducing nicotine oxidation.

[0038] Example 5 differs from Example 3 in that, as Figure 1 As shown, the horizontal silo 1 has a feed inlet at one end and a discharge outlet at the other end; a feed hopper 11 is connected to the feed inlet. A support is provided at the bottom of the horizontal silo 1.

[0039] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any modifications to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions of some or all of the technical features thereof, within the spirit and principles of the present invention, do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated device for turning and ventilating tobacco residues during composting, characterized in that: The device includes a horizontal silo (1) and a stirring shaft (2) rotatably installed inside the horizontal silo (1). The stirring shaft (2) has a hollow structure to form a gas channel inside the stirring shaft (2), and a liquid pipe (3) is provided inside the stirring shaft (2). The stirring shaft (2) is provided with several air outlets. A liquid outlet pipe (31) is provided on the liquid pipe (3) at the position corresponding to the air outlet so that the liquid is discharged into the horizontal silo (1) through the air outlet. A one-way valve is provided on the air outlet to cooperate with the liquid outlet pipe (31) so that the one-way valve can open or close the air outlet and the liquid outlet pipe (31) at the same time.

2. The integrated turning and ventilation device for tobacco residue composting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The one-way valve includes a valve (4) for opening or closing the outlet and a spring (5) connecting the liquid pipe (3) and the valve (4), and the spring (5) is sleeved on the outlet pipe (31).

3. The integrated device for turning and ventilating tobacco residues during composting according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mating surface between the valve (4) and the air outlet is a conical surface, with the larger end of the conical surface facing the outside of the stirring shaft (2) and the smaller end facing the inside; and the smaller end is larger than the outer diameter of the liquid outlet pipe (31) so that the part of the valve (4) that extends beyond the liquid outlet pipe (31) can bear the thrust of the gas.

4. The integrated device for turning and ventilation during the composting of tobacco residues according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner and outer sides of the valve (4) are arc surfaces, and the end face of the liquid outlet pipe (31) fits with the inner surface of the valve (4).

5. The integrated device for turning and ventilating tobacco residues during composting according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: The stirring shaft (2) is equipped with tumbling blades (6).

6. The integrated device for turning and ventilating tobacco residues during composting according to claim 5, characterized in that: An inclined stirring rod (7) is provided between the stirring shaft (2) and the spiral tumbling blade (6). The stirring rod (7) is provided with a branch gas channel that communicates with the gas channel. The stirring rod (7) is also provided with a liquid branch pipe that communicates with the liquid pipe (3). The branch gas channel is provided with a secondary gas outlet. The liquid branch pipe is provided with a liquid outlet branch pipe that corresponds to the secondary gas outlet. The secondary gas outlet is provided with a one-way valve that cooperates with the liquid outlet branch pipe so that the one-way valve can open or close the secondary gas outlet and the liquid outlet branch pipe at the same time.

7. The integrated device for turning and ventilating tobacco residues during composting according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or 6, characterized in that: The two ends of the stirring shaft (2) are rotatably connected to the horizontal silo (1) through bearings. One end of the stirring shaft (2) is connected to the stirring motor, and the other end passes through the horizontal silo (1) and is closed. The closed end is connected to the outer sleeve (8) through two spaced-apart sealed bearings (10). An air inlet pipe (81) is provided on the side wall of the outer sleeve (8) between the two sealed bearings (10) for connecting to the air compressor. A through hole (21) is provided on the closed end of the stirring shaft (2) between the two sealed bearings (10) to connect the air inlet pipe (81) to the gas channel.

8. The integrated device for turning and ventilating tobacco residues during composting according to claim 7, characterized in that: One end of the liquid pipe (3) passes through the closed end of the stirring shaft (2) and is connected to the liquid inlet pipe (9) through a rotary joint.

9. The integrated device for turning and ventilating tobacco residues during composting according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or 6, characterized in that: The horizontal silo (1) is provided with a jacket (12) on the outside for introducing hot water to heat the horizontal silo (1).

10. The integrated device for turning and ventilating tobacco residues during composting according to claim 9, characterized in that: The horizontal silo (1) is provided with a feed hopper (11) at one end and a discharge port at the other end; the bottom of the horizontal silo (1) is provided with a support.

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