Pneumatic component flow stability testing device

Abstract

This utility model discloses a flow stability testing device for pneumatic components, relating to the technical field of testing devices. The utility model includes: a main structure comprising a base, a compressor pump and pressure tank located at the upper end of the base, and a three-way pipe at the output end of the base; a first detection structure comprising a first connecting hydraulic rod, a push plate at the telescopic end of the first connecting hydraulic rod, and a connecting pipe inside the push plate; a second detection structure comprising a second connecting hydraulic rod, a second push plate at the telescopic end of the second connecting hydraulic rod, a connecting pipe inside the push plate, a mounting bracket fixed to the upper end of the base, a mounting frame below the mounting bracket, guide rods one and two at both ends of the mounting frame, a mounting cylinder on the inner wall of the upper end of the mounting bracket, and a piston at one end of the guide rod; and a processing structure comprising a housing. This utility model, by setting up the first detection structure, the second detection structure, and the processing structure, achieves continuous and pure air source testing of the detection rod, and, in conjunction with long-term testing, ensures the stability and reference value of the test data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of testing device technology, and in particular to a test device for the flow stability of pneumatic components. Background Technology

[0002] Pneumatic components are fundamental components in pneumatic systems used to achieve energy transfer, motion control, or perform specific functions. They use compressed air as a working medium to complete mechanical actions. The common actuator of pneumatic components is the cylinder. The cylinder converts the pressure energy of compressed air into linear or oscillating mechanical energy to drive the load. Therefore, the stability of its air pressure flow directly affects the stability of the pneumatic component in use.

[0003] Chinese patent discloses a cylinder leak detection device (authorization announcement number CN209416630U). This patented technology includes a support frame, a base, and a workbench. The workbench is mounted on a connecting block. A support frame is welded to the top of the base. A hydraulic cylinder is located at the middle of the top of the support frame, and the output end of the hydraulic cylinder extends to the inside of the support frame and is connected to a detection box. One end of a pressure sensor extends to one end of a connector and is connected to a detection head. A connecting cavity is provided inside the detection box on the other side of the connecting tube. A second electric telescopic rod is located at the bottom of the connecting cavity, and the output end of the second electric telescopic rod is connected to a piston that is interference-fitted with the connecting cavity. An air guide pipe is connected to the top of the other side of the connecting cavity. A pressure control valve is installed at the end of the air guide pipe near the connecting cavity. A controller is installed on one side of the support frame. This invention facilitates the sealing of the cylinder to be tested, thereby ensuring the sealing between the inside and outside of the cylinder and achieving high detection accuracy.

[0004] However, this patent still has shortcomings. While it achieves the detection of cylinder airtightness, a cylinder is a device that operates for extended periods, requiring long-term testing. Furthermore, the stability of compressed gas flow is crucial for ensuring stable cylinder operation and testing. Therefore, those skilled in the art have provided a pneumatic component flow stability testing device to address the problems mentioned in the background section. Utility Model Content

[0005] 1. Technical Solution

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] This utility model is a flow stability testing device for pneumatic components, comprising:

[0008] The main structure includes a base, a compressor pump and pressure tank located at the top of the base, and a three-way pipe located at the output end of the base;

[0009] The first detection structure includes a docking hydraulic rod located at the upper end of the base, a push plate located at the telescopic end of the docking hydraulic rod, a connecting pipe located inside the push plate, and an air supply hose connected to the connecting pipe and the tee pipe.

[0010] The second detection structure includes a second docking hydraulic rod located at the upper end of the base, a second push plate located at the telescopic end of the second docking hydraulic rod, a second connecting pipe located inside the second push plate, a mounting bracket fixed at the upper end of the base, a mounting frame located below the mounting bracket, a first guide rod and a second guide rod located at both ends of the mounting frame, a mounting cylinder fixed on the inner wall of the upper end of the mounting bracket, a piston located at one end of the first guide rod and slidably installed inside the mounting cylinder, and a connecting hose connected to the mounting cylinder and the second connecting pipe.

[0011] as well as;

[0012] The processing structure includes a housing fixed to the upper end of the base and a filter screen embedded inside one end of the housing.

[0013] Furthermore, the delivery pipe connecting the output end of the compression pump to the pressure tank, the suction end of the compression pump is provided with a suction pipe penetrating the housing, a control box is provided on one side of the upper end of the base, a control panel is provided at the front end of the control box, and a gas detector is provided inside the housing;

[0014] Specifically, the controller controls the electrical equipment and operates it through the control panel, displaying the equipment's operation and monitoring status. The compressed gas delivered from the output end of the compressor pump enters the pressure tank through the delivery pipe, while the gas drawn in is processed through the housing before entering the compressor pump.

[0015] Furthermore, a rotating shaft is rotatably installed at one end of the housing, an impeller is provided at one end of the rotating shaft inside the housing, a brush plate is provided at one end of the rotating shaft, a brush corresponding to the filter screen is provided at one end of the brush plate, an air supply pipe is provided at one end of the three-way pipe that penetrates the housing and is located on one side above the impeller, and a three-way valve is provided inside the three-way pipe.

[0016] Specifically, the three-way valve controls the individual opening and closing of the three-way pipe, the air supply pipe, and the air supply hose. When the air supply hose is open, the air pressure inside the pressure tank acts on the impeller through the air supply pipe, which drives the shaft to rotate, thereby driving the brush plate to rotate and driving the brush to brush the outer wall of the filter screen, thus cleaning the filter screen. When the three-way valve controls the air supply hose to open, pressurized gas enters the air supply hose through the three-way pipe and enters the connecting pipe one and the detection cylinder one.

[0017] Furthermore, the upper end of the base is provided with symmetrically distributed clamping hydraulic rods, the telescopic end of the clamping hydraulic rods is provided with a clamping plate, the clamping plate is provided with a detection cylinder, the air inlet of the detection cylinder is connected to the connecting pipe through a tapered tube, and the outer wall of the tapered tube is provided with a sealing gasket, and the air supply hose is provided with a regulating valve group, which includes a flow detection valve, a flow control valve and a pressure gauge;

[0018] Specifically, the clamping hydraulic rod drives the clamping plate to clamp the detection cylinder. The detection cylinder is fixed during testing. When the connecting pipe is connected to the detection cylinder, the tapered tube automatically adapts to the input port diameter of the detection cylinder with different orifice diameters. The sealing gasket improves the sealing performance by compression. The regulating valve group detects the air pressure flow, pressure stability, and pipeline opening when pressurized gas is input.

[0019] Furthermore, a motor is provided on the upper inner wall of the mounting frame, and an intermittent gear is provided at the output end of the motor. Tooth plates that intermittently mesh with the intermittent gear are provided on the inner walls of both the upper and lower ends of the mounting frame. A second clamping hydraulic rod is provided symmetrically distributed below the mounting frame. A second clamping plate is provided at the telescopic end of the second clamping hydraulic rod. A second detection cylinder is provided inside the second clamping plate. A guide plate is provided symmetrically distributed inside the upper end of the mounting frame. The first guide rod and the second guide rod are slidably installed inside the guide plate.

[0020] Specifically, the motor drives the intermittent gear to rotate, continuously meshing with the upper and lower inner walls of the mounting frame to push it. The mounting frame slides inside the guide plate through guide rod one and guide rod two, obtaining sliding support and continuously moving back and forth laterally. The clamping hydraulic rod two drives the clamping plate two to clamp the detection cylinder two, thus fixing the detection cylinder two during the detection process.

[0021] Furthermore, the air inlet end of the second detection cylinder is connected to the second connecting pipe via a tapered tube, and a sealing gasket is provided on the outer wall of the tapered tube. The connecting hose is equipped with a regulating valve group two, which includes a flow detection valve, a flow control valve, and a pressure gauge. A displacement sensor is located directly above the extension end of the second detection cylinder below the mounting bracket.

[0022] Specifically, the detection cylinder two adapts to different orifice diameters by connecting to the conical surface of the connecting pipe two, improves the sealing performance between the connecting pipe two and the air inlet port of the detection cylinder two through a sealing gasket, adjusts the valve group two to detect air pressure and flow rate, pressure stability and pipeline opening when pressurized gas is input, and measures the displacement of the extension end of the detection cylinder two through a displacement sensor.

[0023] 2. Beneficial effects

[0024] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this utility model are:

[0025] In this utility model, detection cylinder one and detection cylinder two are the execution units of the pneumatic element. By pressurizing inside detection structure one and maintaining the pressure, the gas used for detection is kept clean through treatment to avoid impurities in the gas affecting the detection stability. Through long-term detection, the operation of detection cylinder one under stable air pressure and flow rate can be understood.

[0026] Meanwhile, the second cylinder performs continuous linear motion inside the first detection structure. In conjunction with the detection components, under stable air pressure and flow conditions, the internal pressure of the second cylinder and the displacement of the telescopic end are checked for consistency. Through long-term testing, the cylinder component of the pneumatic element's actuator is accurately and stably tested, and the reference value of the test data is enhanced.

[0027] Of course, any product implementing this utility model does not necessarily need to achieve all of the advantages described above at the same time. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a front-view three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a top-view three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional sectional view of the box body of this utility model;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a front-view three-dimensional structural diagram of the impeller of this utility model;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a side-view perspective structural diagram of the air delivery hose of this utility model;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a front-view perspective three-dimensional structural diagram of the mounting bracket of this utility model;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a rear-view three-dimensional structural diagram of the mounting bracket of this utility model.

[0036] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows:

[0037] 100. Main structure; 101. Control box; 102. Compression pump; 103. Pressure tank; 104. Base; 105. Suction pipe; 106. Delivery pipe; 107. T-joint pipe;

[0038] 200. Detection structure one; 201. Connecting hydraulic rod one; 202. Push plate one; 203. Connecting pipe one; 204. Detection cylinder one; 205. Clamping hydraulic rod one; 206. Clamping plate one; 207. Air supply hose; 208. Regulating valve assembly one;

[0039] 300. Detection Structure Two; 301. Clamping Hydraulic Rod Two; 302. Clamping Plate Two; 303. Connecting Hydraulic Rod Two; 304. Push Plate Two; 305. Detection Cylinder Two; 306. Connecting Pipe Two; 307. Adjusting Valve Assembly Two; 308. Connecting Hoses; 309. Gear Plate; 310. Displacement Sensor; 311. Mounting Cylinder; 312. Guide Rod One; 313. Piston; 314. Motor; 315. Intermittent Gear; 316. Mounting Frame; 317. Guide Rod Two; 318. Guide Plate; 319. Mounting Bracket;

[0040] 400. Processing structure; 401. Housing; 402. Air supply pipe; 403. Three-way valve; 404. Gas detector; 405. Impeller; 406. Filter screen; 407. Brush; 408. Rotating shaft; 409. Brush plate. Detailed Implementation

[0041] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0042] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0043] Secondly, this utility model is described in detail with reference to the schematic diagrams. When describing the embodiments of this utility model, for ease of explanation, the cross-sectional views illustrating the device structure may be partially enlarged, not adhering to the usual scale. Furthermore, the schematic diagrams are merely examples and should not limit the scope of protection of this utility model. In addition, actual manufacturing should include the three-dimensional spatial dimensions of length, width, and depth.

[0044] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the embodiments of this utility model will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] Please see Figure 1-7 As shown, this embodiment is a pneumatic component flow stability testing device, including:

[0047] The main structure 100 includes a base 104, a compression pump 102 and a pressure tank 103 located at the upper end of the base 104, and a three-way pipe 107 located at the output end of the base 104.

[0048] The detection structure 200 includes a docking hydraulic rod 201 located at the upper end of the base 104, a push plate 202 located at the telescopic end of the docking hydraulic rod 201, a connecting pipe 203 located inside the push plate 202, and an air supply hose 207 connected to the connecting pipe 203 and the three-way pipe 107.

[0049] The detection structure 2 300 includes a docking hydraulic rod 2 303 located at the upper end of the base 104, a push plate 2 304 located at the telescopic end of the docking hydraulic rod 2 303, a connecting pipe 2 306 located inside the push plate 2 304, a mounting bracket 319 fixed at the upper end of the base 104, a mounting frame 316 located below the mounting bracket 319, a guide rod 1 312 and a guide rod 2 317 located at both ends of the mounting frame 316, a mounting cylinder 311 fixed on the inner wall of the upper end of the mounting bracket 319, a piston 313 located at one end of the guide rod 1 312 and slidably installed inside the mounting cylinder 311, and a connecting hose 308 communicating with the mounting cylinder 311 and the connecting pipe 2 306.

[0050] as well as;

[0051] The processing structure 400 includes a housing 401 fixed to the upper end of the base 104 and a filter 406 embedded inside one end of the housing 401.

[0052] The output end of the compression pump 102 is connected to the delivery pipe 106 of the pressure tank 103. The suction end of the compression pump 102 is provided with a suction pipe 105 that penetrates the box 401. A control box 101 is provided on one side of the upper end of the base 104. A control panel is provided at the front end of the control box 101. A gas detector 404 is provided inside the box 401.

[0053] A rotating shaft 408 is rotatably mounted on one end of the housing 401. An impeller 405 is located at one end of the rotating shaft 408 inside the housing 401. A brush plate 409 is located at one end of the rotating shaft 408. A brush 407 corresponding to the filter screen 406 is located at one end of the brush plate 409. An air supply pipe 402 is located at one end of the three-way pipe 107, which passes through the housing 401 and is located on one side above the impeller 405. A three-way valve 403 is located inside the three-way pipe 107.

[0054] The upper end of the base 104 is provided with symmetrically distributed clamping hydraulic rods 205. The telescopic end of the clamping hydraulic rods 205 is provided with a clamping plate 206. The clamping plate 206 is provided with a detection cylinder 204. The air inlet end of the detection cylinder 204 is connected to the connecting pipe 203 through a tapered tube, and the outer wall of the tapered tube is provided with a sealing gasket. The air supply hose 207 is provided with a regulating valve group 208. The regulating valve group 208 includes a flow detection valve, a flow control valve, and a pressure gauge.

[0055] A motor 314 is installed on the upper inner wall of the mounting frame 319. An intermittent gear 315 is installed at the output end of the motor 314. The upper and lower inner walls of the mounting frame 316 are provided with toothed plates 309 that intermittently mesh with the intermittent gear 315. A second clamping hydraulic rod 301 is symmetrically distributed below the mounting frame 319. A second clamping plate 302 is provided at the telescopic end of the second clamping hydraulic rod 301. A second detection cylinder 305 is installed inside the second clamping plate 302. A guide plate 318 is symmetrically distributed inside the upper inner wall of the mounting frame 319. A first guide rod 312 and a second guide rod 317 are slidably installed inside the guide plate 318.

[0056] The air inlet end of the detection cylinder 2 305 is connected to the connecting pipe 2 306 through a tapered tube, and a sealing gasket is provided on the outer wall of the tapered tube. The connecting hose is equipped with a regulating valve group 2 307, which includes a flow detection valve, a flow control valve and a pressure gauge. A displacement sensor 310 is located directly above the extension end of the detection cylinder 2 305 below the mounting bracket 319.

[0057] The detection structure 1 200, the detection structure 2 300, and the processing structure 400 are used.

[0058] The compressor pump 102 is started. After the gas is filtered by the housing 401, it enters the pressure tank 103 for storage. The filter screen 406 intercepts impurities. When the filter screen 406 needs to be cleaned, it is compressed and stored inside the pressure tank 103 to ensure the cleanliness of the gas. The test cylinder 1 204 and test cylinder 2 305 are connected to the connecting pipe 1 203 and connecting pipe 2 306 through the tapered tube. The sealing gasket automatically adapts to different diameter interfaces. The three-way valve 403 controls the opening of the air supply pipe 402. The impeller 405 drives the brush 407 to clean the filter screen 406 under the airflow of the air supply pipe 402, thus automatically cleaning the filter screen 406.

[0059] The three-way valve 403 switches to the air supply hose 207 passage. The regulating valve group 1 208 and the regulating valve group 2 307 monitor the flow and pressure data in real time. The pressure tank 103 continuously supplies air to the detection cylinder 1 204 or closes the pipeline after compression. The detection cylinder 1 204 is kept under a certain pressure to maintain a constant pressure, simulating the static load condition of the cylinder. During long-term operation, the flow detection valve records the flow fluctuation curve, the flow control valve automatically compensates for pressure fluctuations, and the pressure gauge monitors the pipeline stability. If the flow deviation exceeds the threshold, the system alarms to indicate component wear or pipeline leakage.

[0060] The detection cylinder 305 is fixed by the clamping hydraulic rod 301. The motor 314 drives the intermittent gear 315 to reciprocate and push the mounting frame 316, which drives the guide rod 312 and the guide rod 317 to slide along the guide plate 318, so that the piston 313 makes periodic movements in the mounting cylinder 311. By moving the piston 313, the air pressure in the pipeline is squeezed and sucked. When sucking, the extension end of the detection cylinder 305 descends. When squeezing, the extension end of the detection rod 317 rises, simulating the reciprocating load of the cylinder. The regulating valve group 307 continuously and stably supplies air. The displacement sensor 310 collects the displacement of the cylinder extension end in real time. Combined with the flow data, the consistency of the dynamic response is judged. For example, if the displacement of the cylinder decreases by more than 5% after 1000 cycles, the flow stability is judged to be insufficient.

[0061] The control box 101 integrates flow, pressure, and displacement parameters to generate three-dimensional curves of time, flow, and displacement, assessing the long-term operational reliability of the cylinder. Static testing verifies the cylinder's pressure holding capacity and sealing performance, while dynamic testing simulates actual reciprocating motion scenarios, covering the entire life cycle of the cylinder. This overcomes the limitations of traditional testing methods that only focus on transient performance. The impeller 405 and brush 407 mechanism enable automatic cleaning of the filter 406, preventing impurities from clogging the filter and causing flow attenuation. Combined with the gas detector 404 in the box 401, it ensures the purity of the test medium and improves data accuracy. The regulating valve group 1 208 and regulating valve group 2 307 integrate flow detection and control functions to maintain a constant output flow, accurately simulating the complex gas supply environment in industrial settings. The displacement sensor 310 detects data and combines it with flow data to quantitatively analyze the impact of flow fluctuations on the cylinder's motion accuracy, providing data support for cylinder design optimization.

[0062] This breakthrough overcomes the limitations of traditional airtightness testing by simulating long-term cylinder operation conditions and establishing a correlation model between flow stability and component performance degradation. In fields with stringent requirements for cylinder action consistency, such as automotive braking systems and automated production lines, it can effectively predict component lifespan, reduce system failure rates caused by unstable flow, and improve the overall reliability of pneumatic systems.

[0063] In the description of this utility model, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0064] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the utility model. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A pneumatic element flow stability testing device, characterized in that: include, The main structure (100) includes a base (104), a compression pump (102) and a pressure tank (103) located at the upper end of the base (104), and a three-way pipe (107) located at the output end of the base (104). The detection structure 1 (200) includes a docking hydraulic rod 1 (201) located at the upper end of the base (104), a push plate 1 (202) located at the telescopic end of the docking hydraulic rod 1 (201), a connecting pipe 1 (203) located inside the push plate 1 (202), and an air supply hose (207) connected to the connecting pipe 1 (203) and the three-way pipe (107). The detection structure 2 (300) includes a docking hydraulic rod 2 (303) located at the upper end of the base (104), a push plate 2 (304) located at the telescopic end of the docking hydraulic rod 2 (303), a connecting pipe 2 (306) located inside the push plate 2 (304), a mounting bracket (319) fixed at the upper end of the base (104), a mounting frame (316) located below the mounting bracket (319), a guide rod 1 (312) and a guide rod 2 (317) located at both ends of the mounting frame (316), a mounting cylinder (311) fixed on the inner wall of the upper end of the mounting bracket (319), a piston (313) located at one end of the guide rod 1 (312) and slidably installed inside the mounting cylinder (311), and a connecting hose (308) communicating with the mounting cylinder (311) and the connecting pipe 2 (306). as well as; The processing structure (400) includes a housing (401) fixed to the upper end of the base (104) and a filter (406) embedded in one end of the housing (401).

2. The pneumatic element flow stability testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output end of the compression pump (102) is connected to the delivery pipe (106) of the pressure tank (103). The suction end of the compression pump (102) is provided with a suction pipe (105) that penetrates the box (401). A control box (101) is provided on one side of the upper end of the base (104). A control panel is provided at the front end of the control box (101). A gas detector (404) is provided inside the box (401).

3. The pneumatic element flow stability testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A rotating shaft (408) is rotatably mounted on one end of the housing (401). An impeller (405) is provided at one end of the rotating shaft (408) inside the housing (401). A brush plate (409) is provided at one end of the rotating shaft (408). A brush (407) corresponding to the filter screen (406) is provided at one end of the brush plate (409). An air supply pipe (402) is provided at one end of the three-way pipe (107) that penetrates the housing (401) and is located on one side above the impeller (405). A three-way valve (403) is provided inside the three-way pipe (107).

4. The pneumatic element flow stability testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the base (104) is provided with symmetrically distributed clamping hydraulic rods (205). The telescopic end of the clamping hydraulic rods (205) is provided with a clamping plate (206). The clamping plate (206) is provided with a detection cylinder (204). The air inlet end of the detection cylinder (204) is connected to the connecting pipe (203) through a tapered pipe, and a sealing gasket is provided on the outer wall of the tapered pipe. The air supply hose (207) is provided with a regulating valve group (208). The regulating valve group (208) includes a flow detection valve, a flow control valve, and a pressure gauge.

5. The pneumatic element flow stability testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting frame (319) is equipped with a motor (314) on the upper inner wall. The output end of the motor (314) is equipped with an intermittent gear (315). The upper and lower inner walls of the mounting frame (316) are equipped with toothed plates (309) that intermittently mesh with the intermittent gear (315). The mounting frame (319) is equipped with symmetrically distributed clamping hydraulic rods (301) below. The extension end of the clamping hydraulic rods (301) is equipped with a clamping plate (302). The clamping plate (302) is equipped with a detection cylinder (305) inside. The mounting frame (319) is equipped with symmetrically distributed guide plates (318) inside the upper inner wall. The guide rod (312) and guide rod (317) are slidably installed inside the guide plate (318).

6. The pneumatic element flow stability testing device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The air inlet of the second detection cylinder (305) is connected to the second connecting pipe (306) through a tapered pipe, and a sealing gasket is provided on the outer wall of the tapered pipe. The connecting hose is provided with a regulating valve group (307), which includes a flow detection valve, a flow control valve and a pressure gauge. A displacement sensor (310) is provided below the mounting bracket (319) at the top of the extension end of the second detection cylinder (305).

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