Photovoltaic tracking bracket terrain-adaptive spindle connection device

Abstract

This invention provides a terrain-adaptive main shaft connection device for a photovoltaic tracking bracket, comprising: at least two main beams, an outer shell, an inner shaft, end caps, and a housing. One end of the outer shell is connected to the end of one of the main beams, and one end of the inner shaft passes through the end cap and is connected to the end of an adjacent main beam. The other end of the inner shaft is installed inside the outer shell and achieves relative spherical movement through ball bearing rotation. The end cap is fitted outside the inner shaft and is rotatably connected to it. The outer shell is installed inside the housing, and the outer shell and the housing rotate relative to each other, allowing adjacent main beams to swing 360 degrees relative to the housing. This invention can adapt to undulating terrain such as mountains and hills, significantly reducing project costs and expanding the application scenarios of single-axis systems. It also eliminates the requirement for the main shaft axis to be in a straight line, reducing the accuracy requirements for piling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of photovoltaic tracking brackets, and in particular to a terrain-adaptive main shaft connection device for photovoltaic tracking brackets. Background Technology

[0002] In the current technology, as the installed capacity of photovoltaic power plants continues to increase, land resources with good solar energy conditions and flat terrain are becoming increasingly scarce. Correspondingly, land with complex terrain such as mountains and hills is becoming the main site for the construction of photovoltaic power plants.

[0003] However, current single-axis tracking systems mainly use rigid connections such as clamps, sleeves, and shrink tubes for the spindle connection. The spindle axis can only be in a straight line, making them suitable only for some flat and relatively flat sites.

[0004] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of installation on undulating terrain in existing technology. For example... Figure 1 As shown, existing solutions for undulating terrain mainly include two aspects: one is to level and cut the site; the other is to increase the driving depth of the posts. However, both of these solutions will significantly reduce the overall economic performance of the project.

[0005] Furthermore, existing tracking supports adapted to undulating terrain typically employ omnidirectional devices, which present the following main technical problems:

[0006] First, while universal joints can adapt to different terrains, their placement between two columns allows them to transmit torque but not bending moments, and there is a risk of them jamming.

[0007] Second, single-row supports cannot adapt to complex terrain.

[0008] Third, while using universal joints to adapt to terrain, the cross-shaped universal joint structure has low transmission efficiency and is at risk of jamming.

[0009] Fourth, after adjusting the angle, a locking structure is needed to fix the support. The adjustment process is cumbersome and the locking structure is costly.

[0010] In view of this, the inventors of this application have designed a terrain-adaptive main shaft connection device for photovoltaic tracking brackets in order to overcome the above-mentioned technical problems. Utility Model Content

[0011] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to overcome the defects of existing tracking brackets that are prone to jamming and cannot adapt to complex terrain, and to provide a photovoltaic tracking bracket terrain-adaptive main shaft connection device.

[0012] The present invention solves the above-mentioned technical problems through the following technical solution:

[0013] A terrain-adaptive main shaft connection device for a photovoltaic tracking bracket is characterized in that the photovoltaic tracking bracket terrain-adaptive main shaft connection device includes: at least two main beams, an outer shell, an inner shaft, an end cover, and a housing; one end of the outer shell is connected to the end of one of the main beams; and one end of the inner shaft passes through the end cover and is connected to the end of the adjacent main beam.

[0014] The other end of the inner shaft is installed into the outer casing, and relative spherical movement is achieved by the rotation of ball bearings. The end cap is sleeved on the outside of the inner shaft and is rotatably connected to it.

[0015] The outer shell is installed inside the box, and the outer shell rotates relative to the box, so that two adjacent main beams can swing 360 degrees relative to the box.

[0016] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the outer shell is a hollow cavity, the outer and inner ring walls of the cavity are both spherical, and the inner ring wall is provided with multiple grooves and raceways for mounting the balls.

[0017] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the outer ring wall of the inner shaft is spherical, and the outer ring wall has multiple hemispherical grooves for installing the ball bearings. The outer ring wall of the inner shaft and the inner ring wall of the outer shell cooperate with each other.

[0018] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a sealing cover is further provided between the end cover and the inner shaft, and the sealing cover is fixed on the inner shaft;

[0019] The inner ring wall of the end cap is spherical, and when the inner shaft rotates, the inner ring wall of the end cap rotates in contact with the outer ring wall of the sealing cap.

[0020] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the sealing cover has a sealing ring groove for installing the sealing ring.

[0021] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the outer shell and the end cap are connected by a threaded connection.

[0022] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the box is mounted on a column, the box includes an upper part and a lower part, the lower part is fixed to the top of the column, the upper part is fastened to the outer shell and fixedly connected to the lower part.

[0023] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a spring is installed circumferentially between the sealing cover and the inner shaft. When the spring is in a compressed state, the spring force always presses against the sealing cover when the inner shaft swings up and down or left and right, so that the sealing cover and the end cover fit tightly together.

[0024] According to one embodiment of the present invention, there are two or fewer ball bearings between the inner shaft and the outer shell, and the ball bearings are at a 180-degree angle to each other.

[0025] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a pair of spherical teeth are provided between the inner shaft and the outer shell in the vertical direction, and a pair of balls are provided in the horizontal direction, so that torque is transmitted simultaneously through the balls and the spherical teeth.

[0026] The positive and progressive effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0027] This utility model of a terrain-adaptive main shaft connection device for photovoltaic tracking brackets has the following advantages:

[0028] First, it can adapt to undulating terrain such as mountains and hills, significantly reducing project costs and expanding the application scenarios of the flat single-axis system.

[0029] Second, it eliminates the need for the main spindle axis to be in a straight line, thus reducing the accuracy requirements for pile driving.

[0030] Third, the connectors are simple to manufacture, easy to install, and easy to maintain. Attached Figure Description

[0031] The above and other features, properties and advantages of this utility model will become more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, in which the same reference numerals always denote the same features, wherein:

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 1 of the photovoltaic tracking bracket terrain-adaptive main shaft connection device of this utility model.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of Embodiment 1 of the photovoltaic tracking bracket terrain-adaptive main shaft connection device of this utility model.

[0034] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the overall structure of Embodiment 1 of the photovoltaic tracking bracket terrain-adaptive main shaft connection device of this utility model.

[0035] Figure 4 This is a front view of the outer shell in Embodiment 1 of the terrain-adaptive main shaft connection device for photovoltaic tracking bracket of this utility model.

[0036] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A sectional view taken along line AA.

[0037] Figure 6 This is a rear view of the outer casing in Embodiment 1 of the terrain-adaptive main shaft connection device for photovoltaic tracking brackets of this utility model.

[0038] Figure 7 This is a perspective view of the end cap in Embodiment 1 of the terrain-adaptive main shaft connection device for photovoltaic tracking bracket of this utility model.

[0039] Figure 8 This is a front view of the end cap in Embodiment 1 of the terrain-adaptive main shaft connection device for photovoltaic tracking bracket of this utility model.

[0040] Figure 9 for Figure 8 A sectional view taken along line BB.

[0041] Figure 10 This is a perspective view of the sealing cover in Embodiment 1 of the terrain-adaptive main shaft connection device for photovoltaic tracking bracket of this utility model.

[0042] Figure 11 for Figure 10 A longitudinal sectional view.

[0043] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the upper part of the housing in Embodiment 1 of the terrain-adaptive main shaft connection device for photovoltaic tracking bracket of this utility model.

[0044] Figure 13 for Figure 12 A longitudinal sectional view.

[0045] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the lower part of the housing in Embodiment 1 of the terrain-adaptive main shaft connection device for photovoltaic tracking bracket of this utility model.

[0046] Figure 15 for Figure 14 A longitudinal sectional view.

[0047] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of the terrain-adaptive main shaft connection device for the photovoltaic tracking bracket of this utility model, showing its adaptation to different angles. Figure 1 .

[0048] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of the terrain-adaptive main shaft connection device for the photovoltaic tracking bracket of this utility model, showing its adaptation to different angles. Figure 2 .

[0049] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 2 of the photovoltaic tracking bracket terrain-adaptive main shaft connection device of this utility model.

[0050] Figure 19 This is an exploded view of the overall structure of Embodiment 2 of the photovoltaic tracking bracket terrain-adaptive main shaft connection device of this utility model.

[0051] Figure 20 This is a perspective view of the sealing cover in Embodiment 2 of the terrain-adaptive main shaft connection device for photovoltaic tracking bracket of this utility model.

[0052] Figure 21 for Figure 20 A longitudinal sectional view.

[0053] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated structure of Embodiment 3 of the photovoltaic tracking bracket terrain-adaptive main shaft connection device of this utility model.

[0054] Figure 23 for Figure 22 A sectional view taken along the CC line.

[0055] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of the outer shell in Embodiment 3 of the terrain-adaptive main shaft connection device for photovoltaic tracking bracket of this utility model.

[0056] Figure 25 for Figure 24 A sectional view taken along line DD.

[0057] Figure 26 for Figure 24 A sectional view taken along line EE.

[0058] Figure 27 This is a schematic diagram of the inner shaft in Embodiment 3 of the terrain-adaptive main shaft connection device for photovoltaic tracking brackets of this utility model.

[0059] Figure 28 for Figure 27 A sectional view taken along line FF.

[0060] Figure 29 for Figure 27 A cross-sectional view taken along line GG. Detailed Implementation

[0061] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0062] Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail, examples of which are shown in the drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numerals will be used in all the drawings to denote the same or similar parts.

[0063] Furthermore, although the terminology used in this invention is selected from commonly known and used terms, some terms mentioned in this specification may have been selected by the applicant in his or her judgment, and their detailed meanings are explained in the relevant sections of the description herein.

[0064] Furthermore, it is required that this utility model be understood not only through the actual terminology used, but also through the meaning implied by each term.

[0065] Example 1:

[0066] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, this utility model discloses a terrain-adaptive main shaft connection device for a photovoltaic tracking bracket, comprising: at least two main beams 10, a first main beam connector 20, a second main beam connector 30, an outer shell 40, an end cap 50, a sealing cap 60, a housing 70, and an inner shaft 80. One end of the outer shell 40 is connected to the end of one of the main beams 10, and one end of the inner shaft 80 passes through the end cap 50 and is connected to the end of the adjacent main beam 10. The other end of the inner shaft 80 is installed inside the outer shell 40, achieving relative spherical movement through the rotation of ball bearings 90. The end cap 50 is fitted over the inner shaft 80 and is rotatably connected to it. The outer shell 40 is installed inside the housing 70, and the outer shell 40 and housing 70 rotate relative to each other, allowing adjacent main beams 10 to swing 360 degrees relative to the housing 70.

[0067] A sealing cap 60 is disposed between the end cap 50 and the inner shaft 80, and the sealing cap 60 is fixed on the inner shaft 80. The inner ring wall surface of the end cap 50 is set as a spherical surface, and when the inner shaft 80 rotates, the inner ring wall surface of the end cap 50 is in contact with the outer ring wall surface of the sealing cap 50 and rotates.

[0068] Of course, this is just an example of the connection and installation structure of two adjacent main beams 10. In fact, the photovoltaic tracking bracket terrain adaptation device is composed of many main beams 10 connected in sequence by rotation. Its connection and installation structure is the same as the connection and installation structure of the two adjacent main beams above. Therefore, it will not be described in detail here. Those skilled in the art should know its overall structure.

[0069] like Figures 4 to 6 As shown, the outer shell 40 is preferably designed as a hollow cavity, with both the outer and inner ring walls of the cavity being spherical. The inner ring wall has multiple grooved raceways 41 for mounting the balls 90. The outer ring wall of the inner shaft 80 is preferably spherical, and the outer ring wall has multiple hemispherical grooves 81 (see reference). Figure 28 ), used to install the ball bearing 90, the outer ring wall of the inner shaft 80 and the inner ring wall of the outer casing 40 cooperate with each other.

[0070] More specifically, in this embodiment, the outer ring of the outer casing 40 is designed as a spherical surface, and the inner ring is also designed as a spherical surface. However, in addition to the spherical surface, two spherical groove raceways 41 are designed to facilitate the rolling of the ball bearing 90 within the groove raceways 41. The outermost ring of the inner shaft 80 is preferably spherical, and two hemispherical grooves 81 are provided (see reference). Figure 28 This facilitates the placement of the ball bearings. The outer spherical surface of the inner shaft 80 mates with the inner spherical surface of the outer shell 40, allowing the inner shaft 80 to rotate along the spherical surface of the outer shell 40.

[0071] As described above, the inner shaft 80 can rotate on the inner spherical surface of the outer shell 40. Simultaneously, motion is transmitted between the inner shaft 80 and the outer shell 40 via ball bearings 90. That is, the inner shaft 80 can drive the outer shell 40 to rotate, and the outer shell 40 can drive the inner shaft 80 to rotate. This structure is simple, has few parts, and can achieve both motion transmission and relative spherical rotation.

[0072] like Figures 7 to 9 , combined Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, based on the above structure, in order to solve the sealing problem of the device, the inner ring of the end cap 50 is designed as a spherical surface, which moves in conjunction with the outer spherical surface of the sealing cap 60. Furthermore, preferably, the sealing cap 60 is fixed on the inner shaft 80, and while the inner shaft 80 rotates, the outer ring of the sealing cap 60 rotates along the inner ring of the end cap 50 to ensure sealing.

[0073] Additionally, a sealing ring groove 61 is provided on the sealing cover 60 to accommodate the sealing ring 100, ensuring that the sealing ring 100 seals the mating surfaces of the sealing cover 60 and the end cover 50. The outer casing 40 and the end cover 50 can preferably be connected by threads, thereby increasing the overall structure's resistance to bending and radial forces. The outer casing 40 and the end cover 50 are provided with mating stop 300s, further ensuring a tighter and more secure connection between them.

[0074] This sealing structure can effectively alleviate ball wear, improve transmission efficiency, and extend the service life of the terrain adaptation device.

[0075] like Figures 12 to 15 As shown, the box 70 is mounted on a column 200. The box 70 includes an upper part 71 and a lower part 72. The lower part 72 is fixed to the top of the column 200, and the upper part 71 is fastened to the outer shell 40 and fixedly connected to the lower part 72.

[0076] The inner ring of the housing 70 is preferably spherical, and the outer rings of the outer shell 40 and the end cap 50 are also spherical. The outer shell 40 and the end cap 50 can rotate along the spherical surface within the housing 70. The main beam 10 at the end of the outer shell 40 can rotate relative to the spherical surface of the housing 70, achieving 360-degree swing. The main beam 10 located at the end of the inner shaft 80 can rotate around the spherical surface of the outer shell 40, and the main beam 10 at the end of the inner shaft 80 can also swing 360 degrees relative to the housing.

[0077] like Figure 16 and Figure 17 As shown, in the terrain-adaptive main shaft connection device of this utility model photovoltaic tracking bracket, the main beams 10 at both ends of each column 200 are allowed to have a certain angle difference, both in the east-west and north-south directions, thus enabling the entire row of brackets to adapt to complex terrains. At the same time, it can also greatly reduce the pile driving accuracy requirements of the bracket and reduce the adjustment margin of components, bringing certain cost advantages to the bracket.

[0078] In the aforementioned photovoltaic tracking bracket terrain-adaptive main shaft connection device, one end of the main beam 10 can drive the other end of the main beam 10 to rotate. While meeting the adaptability to complex terrain, it can also play the role of torque transmission. This structure can directly replace the traditional bearing structure without affecting the system layout.

[0079] Example 2:

[0080] The structure of this embodiment is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that:

[0081] like Figures 18 to 21 As shown, in this embodiment, a spring 400 is circumferentially installed between the sealing cover 60 and the inner shaft 80, so that the spring 400 is in a compressed state. When the inner shaft 80 swings up and down or left and right, the elastic force of the spring 400 always presses against the sealing cover 60, so that the sealing cover 60 and the end cover 50 fit tightly together. This can achieve an ideal sealing effect.

[0082] Example 3:

[0083] The structure of this embodiment is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that:

[0084] like Figures 22 to 29 As shown, a set of oppositely arranged arc-shaped grooves 42 and a set of oppositely arranged concave slots 43 are formed on the inner wall surface of the outer casing 40. Correspondingly, a set of oppositely arranged outwardly protruding protrusions 82 and a set of oppositely arranged hemispherical grooves 81 are provided on the outer wall surface of the inner shaft 80. The ball bearing 90 is installed between the hemispherical groove 81 and the arc-shaped groove 42, allowing the ball bearing 90 to rotate within the space formed by these two. The protrusions 82 and the slots 43 are matched with each other.

[0085] Preferably, the arc-shaped groove 42 is arranged in the horizontal direction of the outer shell 40, and the slot 43 is arranged in the vertical direction of the outer shell 40. The outer wall surface of the protrusion 82 is set as a spherical surface, and the inner wall surface of the slot 43 is set as a matching spherical surface. In this way, the above structure provides a pair of spherical teeth in the vertical direction between the inner shaft 80 and the outer shell 40. A pair of balls 90 are provided in the horizontal direction. The torque is transmitted simultaneously through the balls 90 and the spherical teeth, resulting in high transmission efficiency and a large torque that can be transmitted. Ultimately, the inner shaft 80 can only swing relative to the outer shell 40 in the direction of the column height, that is, it can only swing up and down.

[0086] The design of the above structure is mainly because, in Embodiment 1, only two or fewer ball bearings at a 180-degree angle can be installed between the inner shaft 80 and the outer shell 40; otherwise, the inner shaft cannot rotate around the outer shell, and the rotation will be stuck. Since the number of ball bearings is small, but the main beam 10 transmits torque through the ball bearings 90, the transmittable torque force is limited. To increase torque transmission, the diameter of the ball bearings 90 needs to be increased, requiring a corresponding increase in the overall structure and thus increasing component costs.

[0087] In response to this situation, this embodiment three, without increasing the volume of the components (e.g., without increasing the diameter of the balls), can greatly increase the torque value transmitted between the inner shaft and the outer shell by setting spherical gears on the upper and lower surfaces of the inner shaft and the outer shell, and setting ball joints on the left and right surfaces.

[0088] Typically, the support system needs to adapt to undulating terrain, primarily by adjusting the height of the uprights. The terrain adaptation device, installed on the uprights, not only allows for angle adjustment but also acts as a bearing. This device can be placed on any upright except the drive unit, demonstrating strong adaptability to complex terrain.

[0089] In summary, the photovoltaic tracking bracket terrain-adaptive main shaft connection device of this utility model can adapt to undulating terrain. The bracket can be built according to the terrain without leveling or cutting the site, or increasing the height of the column, which significantly reduces the project construction cost and the amount of steel used for the column.

[0090] This utility model of a terrain-adaptive main shaft connection device for photovoltaic tracking brackets has the following advantages:

[0091] First, it can adapt to undulating terrain such as mountains and hills, significantly reducing project costs and expanding the application scenarios of the flat single-axis system.

[0092] Second, it eliminates the need for the main spindle axis to be in a straight line, thus reducing the accuracy requirements for pile driving.

[0093] Third, the connectors are simple to manufacture, easy to install, and easy to maintain.

[0094] For those skilled in the art, the above disclosure is merely illustrative and does not constitute a limitation of this application. Although not explicitly stated herein, those skilled in the art may make various modifications, improvements, and corrections to this application. Such modifications, improvements, and corrections are suggested in this application and therefore remain within the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments of this application.

[0095] Furthermore, this application uses specific terms to describe embodiments of the application. For example, "an embodiment," "one embodiment," and / or "some embodiments" refer to a particular feature, structure, or characteristic related to at least one embodiment of the application. Therefore, it should be emphasized and noted that "an embodiment," "one embodiment," or "an alternative embodiment" mentioned twice or more in different locations in this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, certain features, structures, or characteristics in one or more embodiments of the application can be appropriately combined.

[0096] To simplify the description of this application and thus aid in understanding one or more embodiments of the invention, the foregoing description of embodiments of this application sometimes combines multiple features into a single embodiment, drawing, or description thereof. However, this disclosure method does not imply that the subject matter of this application requires more features than those mentioned in the claims. In fact, the embodiments have fewer features than all the features of a single embodiment disclosed above. Some embodiments use numbers describing the number of components or attributes; it should be understood that such numbers used in describing embodiments are sometimes modified by the terms "approximately," "about," or "substantially."

[0097] While specific embodiments of this utility model have been described above, those skilled in the art should understand that these are merely illustrative examples, and the scope of protection of this utility model is defined by the appended claims. Those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to these embodiments without departing from the principles and essence of this utility model, but all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic tracking support terrain adaptation main shaft connection device, characterized by, The photovoltaic tracking bracket terrain-adaptive main shaft connection device includes: at least two main beams, an outer shell, an inner shaft, an end cover, and a housing. One end of the outer shell is connected to the end of one of the main beams, and one end of the inner shaft passes through the end cover and is connected to the end of the adjacent main beam. The other end of the inner shaft is installed into the outer casing, and relative spherical movement is achieved by the rotation of ball bearings. The end cap is sleeved on the outside of the inner shaft and is rotatably connected to it. The outer shell is installed inside the box, and the outer shell rotates relative to the box, so that two adjacent main beams can swing 360 degrees relative to the box.

2. The photovoltaic tracking support terrain adaptation main shaft connection device of claim 1, wherein, The outer shell is a hollow cavity, and both the outer and inner walls of the cavity are spherical. The inner wall has multiple grooves and raceways for mounting the balls.

3. The photovoltaic tracking support terrain adaptation main shaft connection device of claim 2, wherein, The outer ring wall of the inner shaft is spherical, and multiple hemispherical grooves are formed on the outer ring wall for installing the ball bearings. The outer ring wall of the inner shaft and the inner ring wall of the outer shell cooperate with each other.

4. The photovoltaic tracking support terrain adaptation main shaft connection device of claim 1, wherein, A sealing cover is also provided between the end cap and the inner shaft, and the sealing cover is fixed on the inner shaft; The inner ring wall of the end cap is spherical, and when the inner shaft rotates, the inner ring wall of the end cap rotates in contact with the outer ring wall of the sealing cap.

5. The photovoltaic tracking support terrain adaptation main shaft connection device of claim 4, wherein, The sealing cover has a sealing ring groove for installing the sealing ring.

6. The photovoltaic tracking bracket terrain-adaptive main shaft connection device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The outer casing and the end cap are connected by threads.

7. The photovoltaic tracking bracket terrain-adaptive main shaft connection device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The box is mounted on a column. The box includes an upper part and a lower part. The lower part is fixed to the top of the column. The upper part is fastened to the outer shell and fixedly connected to the lower part.

8. The photovoltaic tracking bracket terrain-adaptive main shaft connection device as described in claim 4, characterized in that, A spring is installed circumferentially between the sealing cover and the inner shaft. When the spring is in a compressed state, the spring force always presses against the sealing cover when the inner shaft swings up and down or left and right, so that the sealing cover and the end cover fit tightly together.

9. The photovoltaic tracking bracket terrain-adaptive main shaft connection device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, There are two or fewer ball bearings between the inner shaft and the outer shell, and the ball bearings are at a 180-degree angle to each other.

10. The photovoltaic tracking bracket terrain-adaptive main shaft connection device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A pair of spherical teeth are provided between the inner shaft and the outer shell in the vertical direction, and a pair of balls are provided in the horizontal direction, through which torque is transmitted simultaneously.

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