A subway tunnel special deformation joint dislocation monitoring system

Abstract

The utility model belongs to tunnel deformation monitoring equipment technical field, a subway tunnel special deformation joint dislocation monitoring system. Including first linear displacement meter, second linear displacement meter, strain sensor gateway and cloud platform, mobile end and the monitoring end of subway control center, the protection structure includes: waterproof shell, the waterproof shell is covered in the outside of first linear displacement meter, second linear displacement meter, prevents the moisture and silt etc. from entering the inside of device; The anti -collision device is arranged at the outer surface of waterproof shell, prevents the direct collision of external object, the touch sensor sets up at the outer surface of waterproof shell, detects whether the device is accidentally touched, the environmental sensor sets up in or outside waterproof shell, detects whether the environment where the device is located is suitable for detecting, the alarm module connects touch sensor and environmental sensor, when touch sensor detects touch or environmental sensor detects that the environment is not suitable, the alarm module sends the alarm signal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the technical field of tunnel deformation monitoring equipment, and is a special deformation joint misalignment monitoring system for subway tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnels, as underground engineering structures buried in the strata, are an important form of human development and utilization of underground space. Especially in the process of urbanization, subway tunnels have become a core infrastructure for alleviating traffic congestion. However, during long-term operation, subway tunnels are susceptible to cumulative deformation due to multiple factors, including complex geological conditions (such as soft soil settlement and rock fissures), periodic train dynamic loads, groundwater seepage, disturbances from surrounding construction, and, in special cases, crossing earthquake fault zones. Among these factors, special deformation joints, as joint structures in segmented tunnel construction, become weak points in tunnel structural safety due to differential settlement or lateral displacement of the lining on both sides. Statistics show that over 60% of subway tunnel leaks and lining cracks originate from abnormal displacement of deformation joints, especially displacement of fault zones caused by earthquakes. Therefore, real-time monitoring of the three-dimensional displacement of deformation joints (including vertical settlement, lateral shear, and longitudinal opening) has become a key technical requirement for preventing tunnel structural instability and mitigating geological disasters.

[0003] Currently, the monitoring of special deformation joints in subway tunnels mainly relies on fully automatic real-time monitoring devices. These devices, at their core, use high-precision linear displacement gauges, strain sensors, and other equipment, combined with an IoT gateway, to upload data to a cloud platform in real time. For example, ZL202323584250.8 discloses a fully automatic real-time monitoring device for the displacement of special deformation joints in subway tunnels.

[0004] However, significant problems have emerged in practical applications of this patent: First, the lack of a protective structure leaves the sensors and circuit modules directly exposed to the tunnel environment. Water leakage, mud splashes, and humid air within the tunnel can easily lead to insulation failure, short circuits, or sensor drift. This is especially problematic during lining grouting maintenance, where mortar can easily encapsulate the device, causing it to malfunction. Second, insufficient resistance to mechanical impacts. Inspection vehicles, construction equipment, or falling rocks within the tunnel may come into contact with the device, causing anything from minor bracket misalignment to direct sensor damage. Third, insufficient intelligence. Existing devices only perform data acquisition but cannot detect environmental anomalies (such as sudden temperature changes or water immersion) or external collisions. Furthermore, the lack of an active alarm mechanism results in delayed maintenance response and an inability to promptly mitigate the risks of monitoring interruptions or data distortion. Simultaneously, subway control center staff cannot detect deformation and misalignment at special expansion joints in real time. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a special deformation joint misalignment monitoring system for subway tunnels.

[0006] This utility model adopts the following technical solution: a special deformation joint displacement monitoring system for subway tunnels, including a first linear displacement meter, a second linear displacement meter, a strain sensor gateway, a cloud platform, a mobile terminal, and a monitoring terminal of the subway control center. The first and second linear displacement meters are respectively installed on both sides of the deformation joint and are used to measure longitudinal displacement and vertical displacement, respectively. It also includes:

[0007] The protective structure includes:

[0008] A waterproof housing covers the exterior of the first linear displacement meter and the second linear displacement meter to prevent moisture and mud from entering the device.

[0009] An anti-collision device is installed on the outer surface of the waterproof housing to prevent direct collision with external objects;

[0010] A touch sensor is disposed on the outer surface of the waterproof housing to detect whether the device is accidentally touched.

[0011] An environmental sensor, which is installed inside or outside the waterproof housing, is used to detect whether the environment in which the device is located is suitable for detection.

[0012] The alarm module is connected to a touch sensor and an environmental sensor. When the touch sensor detects a touch or the environmental sensor detects an unsuitable environment, the alarm module issues an alarm signal and transmits the signal to the cloud platform, mobile terminal, and monitoring terminal of the subway control center through the strain sensor gateway.

[0013] In some embodiments, the touch sensor employs a pressure sensor or a proximity sensor, which can accurately detect whether the device has been accidentally touched.

[0014] In some embodiments, the environmental sensor includes a humidity sensor and a temperature sensor, which can monitor the ambient humidity and temperature of the device in real time. When the humidity is too high or the temperature exceeds the set range, the alarm module issues an alarm signal.

[0015] In some embodiments, the alarm module includes an indicator light and a buzzer. When an alarm signal is triggered, the indicator light flashes and the buzzer sounds. At the same time, the alarm signal is wirelessly transmitted to the cloud platform, mobile terminal, and monitoring terminal of the subway control center to remind managers to detect the alarm in time and take quick action.

[0016] In some embodiments, the waterproof housing includes:

[0017] A fixed base, which is installed on the tunnel wall by an anchoring assembly, serves as a fixing point for the waterproof outer shell;

[0018] The deformable outer shell body covers the outside of the monitoring sensor. The four corners of the deformable outer shell body are rigidly connected to four fixed bases, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the deformation joint.

[0019] The dynamic sealing assembly, located at the contact edge between the deformable shell body and the tunnel wall, includes an elastic sealing strip and a pleated waterproof cover, which compensates for joint changes caused by shell displacement through expansion or folding.

[0020] In some embodiments, the deformable shell body includes:

[0021] A fixed section, which is connected to a fixed base;

[0022] The movable section is connected to the fixed base, and the fixed section and the movable section are connected by a corrugated pipe structure. The axial expansion and contraction and radial bending of the corrugated pipe structure can adapt to multidimensional deformation.

[0023] In some embodiments, one side of the movable section is an opening for moisture protection.

[0024] In some embodiments, the anti-collision device includes a transparent cover disposed on the fixed section and the movable section.

[0025] In some embodiments, the first linear displacement meter is horizontally fixed on one side of the crack, and a first limiting plate is provided at the front end of the first linear displacement meter, and the first limiting plate is fixed on the other side of the crack.

[0026] The second linear displacement meter is vertically fixed on one side of the crack, and a second limiting plate is provided at the front end of the second linear displacement meter. The second limiting plate is fixed on the other side of the crack.

[0027] The strain sensor gateway collects data from the first linear displacement meter and the second linear displacement meter.

[0028] In some embodiments, it also includes:

[0029] A first metal pressure plate is fixed to one side of the crack, and a first linear displacement meter is fixed on the first metal pressure plate; a first bracket is fixed on the first metal pressure plate, and the first bracket fixes the first linear displacement meter.

[0030] A second metal pressure plate is fixed on the other side of the crack, and a first limiting plate is fixed on the second metal pressure plate;

[0031] A first bracket is fixed on the first metal pressure plate, and a first linear displacement meter is fixed on the first bracket.

[0032] A third metal pressure plate is fixed to one side of the crack, and a second linear displacement meter is fixed on the third metal pressure plate; a second bracket is fixed on the third metal pressure plate, and the second bracket fixes the second linear displacement meter.

[0033] A fourth metal pressure plate is fixed on the other side of the crack, and a second limiting plate is fixed on the fourth metal pressure plate;

[0034] The second bracket is fixed on the third metal pressure plate, and the second bracket is used to fix the second linear displacement meter.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0036] This subway tunnel special expansion joint displacement monitoring system significantly improves structural safety and data reliability through multi-dimensional protection and intelligent monitoring integrated design. The core equipment includes a first linear displacement meter and a second linear displacement meter, which monitor the longitudinal and vertical displacements of the expansion joint respectively. Combined with a strain sensor gateway, it achieves three-dimensional displacement data fusion analysis. A waterproof shell and anti-collision device form dual protection. Internally, it integrates touch sensors and environmental sensors to detect external collisions and abnormal temperature and humidity in real time, triggering an alarm module to link audible and visual alarms and cloud-based early warnings. Structurally, corrugated pipes connect the fixed and movable sections, and a pleated waterproof cover and elastic sealing strip dynamically adapt to the expansion joint displacement. Metal pressure plates and brackets achieve rigid sensor fixation, balancing resistance to mechanical interference and long-term stability, providing a high-precision, low-maintenance intelligent solution for tunnel health monitoring. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of this utility model;

[0038] Figure 2 Top view of the waterproof casing;

[0039] Figure 3 A bottom view of the waterproof casing;

[0040] Figure 4 This is a front view of the waterproof casing;

[0041] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the sensor.

[0042] In the diagram, 1-First linear displacement meter, 2-First limiting plate, 3-Second linear displacement meter, 4-Second limiting plate, 5-Waterproof housing, 6-First metal pressure plate, 7-Second metal pressure plate, 8-First bracket, 9-Third metal pressure plate, 10-Fourth metal pressure plate, 11-Second limiting plate, 12-Strain sensor gateway, 13-Touch sensor, 14-Environmental sensor, 15-Alarm module, 16-Cloud platform, 17-Mobile terminal, 18-Monitoring terminal of subway control center, 51-Fixed section, 52-Moving section, 53-Corrugated pipe structure, 54-Anti-collision device, 55-Fixed base, 56-Pleated waterproof cover, 57-Elastic sealing strip. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of this utility model, but not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0044] A special deformation joint displacement monitoring system for subway tunnels includes a first linear displacement meter 1, a second linear displacement meter 3, a strain sensor gateway 12, a cloud platform 16, a mobile terminal 17, and a monitoring terminal 18 of the subway control center. The first linear displacement meter 1 and the second linear displacement meter 3 are respectively installed on both sides of the deformation joint and are used to measure longitudinal displacement and vertical displacement, respectively. The system also includes:

[0045] The protective structure includes:

[0046] Waterproof housing 5, which covers the outside of the first linear displacement meter 1 and the second linear displacement meter 3, is used to prevent moisture and mud from entering the inside of the device.

[0047] Anti-collision device 54, which is disposed on the outer surface of the waterproof housing to prevent direct collision with external objects;

[0048] Touch sensor 13 is disposed on the outer surface of waterproof housing 5 and is used to detect whether the device is accidentally touched;

[0049] An environmental sensor 14 is disposed inside or outside the waterproof housing 5 and is used to detect whether the environment in which the device is located is suitable for detection.

[0050] The alarm module 15 is connected to the touch sensor 13 and the environmental sensor 14. When the touch sensor 13 detects a touch or the environmental sensor 14 detects an unsuitable environment, the alarm module 15 issues an alarm signal and transmits the signal through the strain sensor gateway 12 to the cloud platform 16, the mobile terminal 17, and the monitoring terminal 18 of the subway control center.

[0051] Specifically, the touch sensor 13 is a pressure sensor or a proximity sensor that can accurately detect whether the device has been accidentally touched.

[0052] Specifically, the environmental sensor 14 includes a humidity sensor and a temperature sensor, which can monitor the ambient humidity and temperature of the device in real time. When the humidity is too high or the temperature exceeds the set range, the alarm module 15 issues an alarm signal. The strain sensor gateway 12 is located externally and is protected separately.

[0053] Specifically, the alarm module 15 includes an indicator light and a buzzer. When the alarm signal is triggered, the indicator light flashes and the buzzer sounds. At the same time, the alarm signal is transmitted wirelessly to the cloud platform 16, the mobile terminal 17, and the monitoring terminal 18 of the subway control center to remind the management personnel to discover the alarm in time and take quick action.

[0054] like Figure 2-4 As shown, the waterproof housing 5 includes:

[0055] A fixed base 55 is installed on the tunnel wall by an anchoring assembly, serving as a fixing point for the waterproof outer shell 5;

[0056] The deformable outer shell body covers the outside of the monitoring sensor. The four corners of the deformable outer shell body are rigidly connected to four fixed bases 55 respectively. The four fixed bases 55 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the deformation joint.

[0057] The dynamic sealing assembly, located at the contact edge between the deformable housing body and the tunnel wall, includes an elastic sealing strip 57 and a pleated waterproof cover 56, which compensates for joint changes caused by housing displacement through expansion or folding.

[0058] Specifically, the elastic sealing strip 57 is made of rubber, and the pleated waterproof cover 56 is made of PVC coated polyester fiber cloth.

[0059] The deformable shell body includes:

[0060] Fixed section 51, which is connected to fixed base 55;

[0061] The movable segment 52 is connected to the fixed base 55. The fixed segment 51 and the movable segment 52 are connected by a bellows structure 53. The axial expansion and contraction and radial bending of the bellows structure 53 can adapt to multidimensional deformation.

[0062] One side of the movable section 52 is open for moisture protection.

[0063] The anti-collision device 54 includes a transparent cover disposed on the fixed section 51 and the movable section 52.

[0064] Specifically, both the fixed section 51 and the movable section 52 adopt alloy frames, the transparent cover is installed on the alloy frame, the dynamic sealing component is pasted on the fixed section 51 and the movable section 52, and the bellows structure 53 is connected between the fixed section 51 and the movable section 52. When the expansion joint deforms, the fixed section 51 and the movable section 52 will move relative to each other. The bellows structure 53 can ensure that the entire device adapts to deformation without being damaged.

[0065] like Figure 1 As shown, the first linear displacement meter 1 is horizontally fixed on one side of the crack, and the front end of the first linear displacement meter 1 is provided with a first limiting plate 2, which is fixed on the other side of the crack.

[0066] The second linear displacement meter 3 is vertically fixed on one side of the crack, and a second limiting plate 4 is provided at the front end of the second linear displacement meter 3. The second limiting plate 4 is fixed on the other side of the crack.

[0067] The strain sensor gateway 12 collects data from the first linear displacement meter 1 and the second linear displacement meter 3.

[0068] Also includes:

[0069] A first metal pressure plate 6 is fixed to one side of the crack, and a first linear displacement meter 1 is fixed on the first metal pressure plate 6; a first bracket 8 is fixed on the first metal pressure plate 6, and the first linear displacement meter 1 is fixed on the first bracket 8.

[0070] The second metal pressure plate 7 is fixed on the other side of the crack, and the first limiting plate 2 is fixed on the second metal pressure plate 7.

[0071] A first bracket is fixed on the first metal pressure plate, and a first linear displacement meter is fixed on the first bracket.

[0072] A third metal pressure plate 9 is fixed to one side of the crack, and a second linear displacement meter 3 is fixed on the third metal pressure plate 9; a second bracket 11 is fixed on the third metal pressure plate 9, and the second bracket 11 fixes the second linear displacement meter 3.

[0073] The fourth metal pressure plate 10 is fixed on the other side of the crack, and the second limiting plate 11 is fixed on the fourth metal pressure plate 10.

[0074] The second bracket is fixed on the third metal pressure plate, and the second bracket is used to fix the second linear displacement meter.

[0075] Project Overview

[0076] This application has been successfully applied to the Taiyuan Urban Rail Transit Line 1 Phase I project. The line is 28.575km long, passing through Wanbailin District, Yingze District, and Xiaodian District. It covers the main east-west passenger corridor, connecting both banks of the Fen River in the main urban area. Within Taiyuan, it forms an inverted "L" shape, running east-west along Xikuang Street and Yingze Avenue, and north-south along Taihang Road and Malianying Road. There are 24 stations along the line, all underground, including 7 interchange stations. The average station spacing is 1.242km, with the minimum spacing being 0.613km (from Dananmen Station to Liuxiang South Entrance Station) and the maximum spacing being 3.103km (from Longcheng Avenue East Station to Wusu Airport Station). One vehicle depot and one parking lot are included. The entire line has two main substations, located respectively in the plot north of Xiayuan Station (shared with the main substation of Line 3) and the plot north of Zhongxinjie East Station (shared with the main substations of Lines 4 and 5). The control center is located in the northeast quadrant of the intersection of Longcheng Avenue and Changzhi Road, adjacent to Longcheng Avenue West Station of Line 2, and is shared with other lines in the network. See [link / details]. Figure 1 1. The Taiyuan Urban Rail Transit Line 1 Phase I PPP Project SGTJ-102 includes the shield tunnel section from Ximing Road Station to West Passenger Station, West Passenger Station, shield tunnel section from West Passenger Station to Jinyang Road Station, Jinyang Road Station, open-cut section from Jinyang Road Station to Xiaojingyu Station, shield tunnel section from Jinyang Road Station to Xiaojingyu Station, Xiaojingyu Station, and shield tunnel section from Xiaojingyu Station to Xiayuan Station, totaling approximately 4.751 kilometers.

[0077] Based on this project, a science and technology plan project with project number JJKJ2023005 and project name "Research on key technologies for seismic fortification construction of subway projects crossing active seismic fault zones in complex environments" was applied for at the Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of Shanxi Province. This utility model is one of the important results of this research project.

[0078] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and are not intended to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. A special deformation joint displacement monitoring system for subway tunnels, comprising a first linear displacement meter (1), a second linear displacement meter (3), a strain sensor gateway (12), a cloud platform (16), a mobile terminal (17), and a monitoring terminal (18) of the subway control center, wherein the first linear displacement meter (1) and the second linear displacement meter (3) are respectively installed on both sides of the deformation joint and are used to measure longitudinal displacement and vertical displacement respectively, characterized in that, Also includes: The protective structure includes: Waterproof housing (5), which covers the outside of the first linear displacement meter (1) and the second linear displacement meter (3) to prevent moisture and mud from entering the device; Anti-collision device (54), the anti-collision device (54) is installed on the outer surface of the waterproof shell to prevent direct collision with external objects; A touch sensor (13) is disposed on the outer surface of the waterproof housing (5) for detecting whether the device is accidentally touched; An environmental sensor (14) is installed inside or outside the waterproof housing (5) to detect whether the environment in which the device is located is suitable for detection. The alarm module (15) is connected to the touch sensor (13) and the environmental sensor (14). When the touch sensor (13) detects a touch or the environmental sensor (14) detects an unsuitable environment, the alarm module (15) issues an alarm signal and transmits the signal through the strain sensor gateway (12) to the cloud platform (16), the mobile terminal (17), and the monitoring terminal (18) of the subway control center.

2. The subway tunnel special deformation joint misalignment monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The touch sensor (13) is a pressure sensor or a proximity sensor, which can accurately detect whether the device is accidentally touched.

3. The subway tunnel special deformation joint misalignment monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The environmental sensor (14) includes a humidity sensor and a temperature sensor, which can monitor the ambient humidity and temperature of the device in real time. When the humidity is too high or the temperature exceeds the set range, the alarm module (15) issues an alarm signal.

4. The subway tunnel special deformation joint misalignment monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The alarm module (15) includes an indicator light and a buzzer. When the alarm signal is triggered, the indicator light flashes and the buzzer sounds. At the same time, the alarm signal is transmitted wirelessly to the cloud platform (16), the mobile terminal (17), and the monitoring terminal (18) of the subway control center to remind the management personnel to discover the alarm in time and handle it quickly.

5. The subway tunnel special deformation joint misalignment monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waterproof outer shell (5) includes: A fixed base (55) is installed on the tunnel wall by an anchoring assembly, serving as a fixing point for the waterproof outer shell (5); The deformable outer shell body covers the outside of the monitoring sensor. The four corners of the deformable outer shell body are rigidly connected to four fixed bases (55) respectively. The four fixed bases (55) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the deformation joint. The dynamic sealing assembly, located at the contact edge between the deformable housing body and the tunnel wall, includes an elastic sealing strip (57) and a pleated waterproof cover (56) to compensate for joint changes caused by housing displacement through stretching or folding.

6. The subway tunnel special deformation joint misalignment monitoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The deformable outer shell body includes: Fixed section (51), which is connected to fixed base (55); The movable segment (52) is connected to the fixed base (55). The fixed segment (51) and the movable segment (52) are connected by a bellows structure (53). The axial expansion and radial bending of the bellows structure (53) are adapted to multidimensional deformation.

7. The subway tunnel special deformation joint misalignment monitoring system according to claim 6, characterized in that, One side of the active section (52) is open for moisture protection.

8. The subway tunnel special deformation joint misalignment monitoring system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The anti-collision device (54) includes a transparent cover disposed on the fixed section (51) and the movable section (52).

9. The subway tunnel special deformation joint misalignment monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first linear displacement meter (1) is horizontally fixed on one side of the crack, and a first limiting plate (2) is provided at the front end of the first linear displacement meter (1), and the first limiting plate (2) is fixed on the other side of the crack. The second linear displacement meter (3) is vertically fixed on one side of the crack, and a second limiting plate (4) is provided at the front end of the second linear displacement meter (3), and the second limiting plate (4) is fixed on the other side of the crack; The strain sensor gateway (12) collects data from the first linear displacement meter (1) and the second linear displacement meter (3).

10. The subway tunnel special deformation joint misalignment monitoring system according to claim 9, characterized in that, Also includes: A first metal pressure plate (6) is fixed on one side of the crack, and a first linear displacement meter (1) is fixed on the first metal pressure plate (6); a first bracket (8) is fixed on the first metal pressure plate (6), and the first linear displacement meter (1) is fixed on the first bracket (8). The second metal pressure plate (7) is fixed on the other side of the crack, and the first limiting plate (2) is fixed on the second metal pressure plate (7). A first bracket is fixed on the first metal pressure plate, and a first linear displacement meter is fixed on the first bracket. A third metal pressure plate (9) is fixed to one side of the crack, and a second linear displacement meter (3) is fixed on the third metal pressure plate (9); a second bracket (11) is fixed on the third metal pressure plate (9), and the second bracket (11) fixes the second linear displacement meter (3). A fourth metal pressure plate (10) is fixed on the other side of the crack, and a second limiting plate (4) is fixed on the fourth metal pressure plate (10). The second bracket is fixed on the third metal pressure plate, and the second bracket is used to fix the second linear displacement meter.

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