Off-grid renewable energy hydrogen production system with black start power supply
By using hydrogen fuel cells as black-start power in off-grid wind power hydrogen production systems, the problems of high cost and insufficient reliability in existing technologies have been solved, achieving low-cost, reliable self-starting and long-term operation, and simplifying control and operation and maintenance management.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHINA DATANG GRP TECH INNOVATION CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-29
AI Technical Summary
Existing black start power options, such as diesel generators and lithium battery energy storage devices, suffer from environmental pollution and high costs, and lack reliability, making it difficult to meet the sustainable and efficient start-up requirements of off-grid wind power hydrogen production systems.
By setting up hydrogen fuel cells on the hydrogen production side as a black start power source, and using hydrogen from hydrogen production or storage equipment to generate electricity, the wind power generation side can achieve self-starting, reuse existing equipment in the hydrogen production station, save costs, and improve reliability.
It achieves low-cost and reliable black boot, can maintain normal system operation for a long time, simplifies control and operation and maintenance management, and reduces the risk of environmental pollution.
Smart Images
Figure CN224305424U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of wind power hydrogen production, and in particular to an off-grid renewable energy hydrogen production system with a black start power supply. Background Technology
[0002] In recent years, wind power has developed rapidly and has become my country's third largest power source after thermal power and hydropower. my country's central and western regions possess extremely abundant wind resources, but wind farm sites are located far from power grid substations, resulting in high power transmission costs and significant losses. Therefore, off-grid wind power hydrogen production systems represent a promising technological route with great potential for carbon reduction.
[0003] Based on the above analysis, the black start of off-grid wind power hydrogen production systems has significant practical implications and engineering application value.
[0004] Black start of an off-grid wind power hydrogen production system refers to the process by which a wind power hydrogen production system, after being shut down due to extreme wind speed conditions or equipment or line failures, restarts itself without the assistance of the power grid. The system first restarts itself using the self-starting power sources within the wind power hydrogen production microgrid, which then start other equipment without self-starting capabilities, gradually restoring the normal operation of the entire power grid system.
[0005] Currently, there are two main options for black start power sources: diesel generators and lithium battery energy storage devices. Diesel generators emit large amounts of waste gases such as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide during power generation, and are also noisy and have a pungent odor, which runs counter to the dual-carbon goals. The disadvantage of lithium battery energy storage devices is their high cost. Utility Model Content
[0006] In view of this, this utility model proposes an off-grid renewable energy hydrogen production system with a black-start power supply. By setting a black-start power supply including a hydrogen fuel cell on the hydrogen production side, the system generates electricity using hydrogen from the hydrogen production equipment or the hydrogen storage equipment, thereby achieving a black start when the wind power generation side experiences a power outage. This utility model embodiment is based on the new energy hydrogen production scenario of off-grid wind power hydrogen production. It adapts to local conditions and realizes a black-start power supply based on the hydrogen production station, reusing the existing equipment of the hydrogen production station, saving costs. Moreover, the black start can last for a long time, which can balance the issues of reliability and high cost, while also facilitating coordinated control operation and maintenance management.
[0007] According to one aspect of the present invention, an off-grid renewable energy hydrogen production system with a black-start power supply is proposed, the hydrogen production system comprising:
[0008] The wind power generation side includes at least one wind turbine generator set, each of which is used for wind power generation.
[0009] Power transmission lines are used to transmit the electricity generated by the various wind turbine generators.
[0010] On the hydrogen production side, including:
[0011] At least one hydrogen production station, each hydrogen production station is connected to the power transmission line, each hydrogen production station includes hydrogen production equipment and hydrogen storage equipment, the hydrogen production equipment is used to produce hydrogen using the electricity transmitted from the power transmission line, and the hydrogen storage equipment is used to store hydrogen;
[0012] A black-start power source, including a hydrogen fuel cell, is used to generate electricity using hydrogen from the hydrogen production equipment or the hydrogen storage equipment to achieve a black start when the wind power generation side is de-energized.
[0013] In one possible implementation, each wind turbine generator set includes a wind turbine, a machine-side converter, a grid-side converter, a DC bus capacitor, a first switch, a second switch, and a first transformer, wherein...
[0014] The stator of the wind turbine is connected to the low-voltage side of the first transformer via the first switch;
[0015] The rotor of the wind turbine is connected to the AC side of the machine-side converter;
[0016] The DC bus capacitor is connected in parallel between the DC side of the machine-side converter and the DC side of the grid-side converter.
[0017] The AC side of the grid-side converter is connected to the low-voltage side of the first transformer via the second switch;
[0018] The output terminal of the first transformer is connected to the power transmission line.
[0019] In one possible implementation, the machine-side converter, the grid-side converter, and the DC bus capacitor constitute a back-to-back converter.
[0020] In one possible implementation, each hydrogen production station includes a third switch, a second transformer, a first AC-DC converter, a first DC-DC converter, and an electrolyzer, wherein...
[0021] The high-voltage side of the second transformer is connected to the transmission line via the third switch.
[0022] The low-voltage side of the second transformer is connected to the AC side of the first AC-DC converter;
[0023] The DC side of the first AC-DC converter is connected to the first DC side of the first DC-DC converter;
[0024] The second DC side of the first DC-DC converter is connected to the electrolytic cell.
[0025] In one possible implementation, the black-start power supply further includes a fourth switch and a second AC-DC converter, wherein the low-voltage side of the second transformer is also connected to the AC side of the second AC-DC converter via the fourth switch;
[0026] The DC side of the second AC-DC converter is connected to the hydrogen fuel cell.
[0027] In one possible implementation, the hydrogen fuel cell has a capacity of less than 1000kW.
[0028] In one possible implementation, the hydrogen fuel cell includes any one of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, a solid oxide fuel cell, an alkaline fuel cell, a direct methanol fuel cell, and an anion exchange membrane fuel cell.
[0029] In one possible implementation, the wind turbine is configured to perform maximum power point tracking (MPPT) to achieve the maximum output power.
[0030] In one possible implementation, the wind turbine includes a doubly-fed asynchronous wind turbine.
[0031] In one possible implementation, the hydrogen production side is also equipped with a static var generator to detect changes in grid voltage and quickly generate or absorb reactive power as needed, so that the power factor of the hydrogen production station is close to 1.
[0032] This utility model proposes an off-grid renewable energy hydrogen production system with a black-start power supply. By setting up a black-start power supply including a hydrogen fuel cell on the hydrogen production side, the system generates electricity using hydrogen from the hydrogen production equipment or the hydrogen storage equipment, thus achieving a black start when the wind power generation side experiences a power outage. This utility model is based on the new energy hydrogen production scenario of off-grid wind power hydrogen production. It adapts to local conditions and realizes a black-start power supply based on the hydrogen production station, reusing the existing equipment of the hydrogen production station, saving costs. Moreover, the black start can last for a long time, which can balance the issues of reliability and high cost, while also facilitating coordinated control operation and maintenance management.
[0033] Other features and aspects of the present invention will become clear from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description
[0034] The accompanying drawings, which are included in and form part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments, features, and aspects of the present invention together with the specification and serve to explain the principles of the present invention.
[0035] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the arrangement of the black start power supply in the plant of an off-grid wind power hydrogen production system is shown.
[0036] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of an off-grid renewable energy hydrogen production system with a black-start power supply according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.
[0037] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of an off-grid renewable energy hydrogen production system with a black-start power supply according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Detailed Implementation
[0038] Various exemplary embodiments, features, and aspects of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote elements that have the same or similar functions. Although various aspects of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, they are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated otherwise.
[0039] As used herein, the terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” or variations thereof are open-ended and include one or more of the stated features, integrals, elements, steps, components, or functions, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, elements, steps, components, functions, or groups thereof.
[0040] When an element is referred to as “connected,” “coupled,” “responding,” or a variation thereof relative to another element, it may be directly connected, coupled, or responding to another element, or there may be an intermediate element present.
[0041] Although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used herein to describe various elements / operations, these elements / operations should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element / operation from another. Therefore, without departing from the teachings of this inventive concept, a first element / operation in some embodiments may be referred to as a second element / operation in other embodiments.
[0042] The term “exemplary” as used herein means “serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration.” Any embodiment illustrated herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as superior to or better than other embodiments.
[0043] Furthermore, to better illustrate this utility model, numerous specific details are provided in the following detailed embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that this utility model can be implemented even without certain specific details. In some instances, methods, means, components, and circuits well-known to those skilled in the art have not been described in detail, in order to highlight the main points of this utility model.
[0044] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the arrangement of the black start power supply in the plant of an off-grid wind power hydrogen production system is shown.
[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, the black-start power supply in the relevant technology includes two methods: method ① and method ②.
[0046] like Figure 1 As shown, in arrangement ①, the black start power supply is connected to the DC bus of the converter inside the nacelle of a wind turbine generator via a bidirectional DC / DC converter. The DC / AC converter inside the nacelle and the ground-mounted box-type transformer are reused and connected to the wind farm's busbar, providing voltage and frequency support for the remaining wind turbines in the wind farm during the black start phase. However, the disadvantage of this black start power supply arrangement is its low reliability. If the DC / AC converter inside the nacelle of the wind turbine generator connected to the black start power supply or the ground-mounted box-type transformer fails, the black start process will not be successful.
[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, arrangement ② centrally arranges the black start power supplies around the wind farm and connects them to the wind farm's busbar via a 35kV step-up substation. This arrangement has good reliability, but requires large-capacity and high-voltage black start power supplies, resulting in high costs.
[0048] This utility model embodiment proposes an off-grid renewable energy hydrogen production system with a black-start power supply. By setting up a black-start power supply including a hydrogen fuel cell on the hydrogen production side, the system generates electricity using hydrogen from the hydrogen production equipment or the hydrogen storage equipment, thereby achieving a black start when the wind power generation side experiences a power outage. This utility model embodiment is based on the new energy hydrogen production scenario of off-grid wind power hydrogen production. It implements a black-start power supply based on the hydrogen production station according to local conditions, reuses the existing equipment of the hydrogen production station, saves costs, and has a long black start duration, which can balance the issues of reliability and high cost. At the same time, it facilitates coordinated control operation and maintenance management.
[0049] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 2 A schematic diagram of an off-grid renewable energy hydrogen production system with a black-start power supply according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.
[0050] like Figure 2 As shown, the hydrogen production system includes:
[0051] The wind power generation side 10 includes at least one wind turbine generator 110, each of which is used for wind power generation.
[0052] Transmission line 20 is used to transmit the electricity generated by each of the wind turbine generator sets 110;
[0053] Hydrogen production side 30, including:
[0054] At least one hydrogen production station 310, each hydrogen production station 310 is connected to the power transmission line 20, and each hydrogen production station 310 includes a hydrogen production device 3110 and a hydrogen storage device 3120. The hydrogen production device 3110 is used to produce hydrogen using the electricity transmitted from the power transmission line 20, and the hydrogen storage device 3120 is used to store hydrogen.
[0055] Black starter 320, including hydrogen fuel cell ( Figure 2 (Not shown), used to generate electricity using hydrogen from the hydrogen production device 3110 or the hydrogen storage device 3120, so as to achieve black start when the wind power generation side 10 is powered off.
[0056] In this embodiment of the present invention, when the wind power generation side 10 experiences a power outage, a black start power supply 320 can be used for black start (which can be called black start mode). In black start mode, stored hydrogen is used to generate electricity to provide black start power, and the wind power generation side 10 is started from the off state to the normal operation state through the black start power supply 320.
[0057] For example, under normal operating conditions, this embodiment of the invention can enable the wind turbine to perform Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) to capture wind energy to the maximum extent, reduce wind curtailment, and thus achieve the maximum output power of the wind turbine. MPPT technology is a control technology that maximizes the power output of a wind turbine. The output power of the wind turbine during MPPT changes with wind speed. Its core objective is to optimize the operating state of the wind turbine under different wind speed conditions to ensure that the wind turbine can obtain maximum power output under various circumstances. Of course, this embodiment of the invention does not limit the implementation method of MPPT technology; those skilled in the art can refer to relevant technologies to implement it according to actual conditions and needs.
[0058] This embodiment of the invention does not limit the specific implementation of the wind turbine generator set 110 on the wind power generation side 10 or the hydrogen production station 310 on the hydrogen production side 30, nor does it limit the number of wind turbine generator sets 110 or the number of hydrogen production stations 310. Those skilled in the art can configure them according to actual conditions and needs. This embodiment of the invention also does not limit the specific implementation of the hydrogen storage device 3120. Those skilled in the art can configure it according to actual conditions and needs. For example, the hydrogen storage device 3120 may include one or more high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks.
[0059] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 3 A schematic diagram of an off-grid renewable energy hydrogen production system with a black-start power supply 320 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.
[0060] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 3 As shown, each wind turbine generator set 110 may include a wind turbine generator, a machine-side converter, a grid-side converter, and a DC bus capacitor C. DC The first switch SW1, the second switch SW2, and the first transformer, wherein,
[0061] The stator of the wind turbine is connected to the low-voltage side of the first transformer via the first switch SW1;
[0062] The rotor of the wind turbine is connected to the AC side of the machine-side converter;
[0063] The DC bus capacitor C DC It is connected in parallel between the DC side of the machine-side converter and the DC side of the grid-side converter;
[0064] The AC side of the grid-side converter is connected to the low-voltage side of the first transformer via the second switch SW2;
[0065] The output terminal of the first transformer is connected to the power transmission line.
[0066] For example, the wind turbine can be a double-fed induction generator (DFIG), which includes blades, gearbox, nacelle and other structures in addition to the generator body. Of course, the wind turbine can also be other types. This embodiment of the present invention does not limit the types of wind turbines. Those skilled in the art can make the settings according to the actual situation and needs.
[0067] In one possible implementation, the machine-side converter, the grid-side converter, and the DC bus capacitor C DC This constitutes a back-to-back converter. For example, the capacity of the back-to-back converter can be approximately 30% of the wind turbine's capacity. For example, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the machine-side converter may include an AC-DC converter, and the grid-side converter may include a DC-DC converter.
[0068] This embodiment of the utility model does not limit the parameters of the first transformer. Those skilled in the art can set them according to actual conditions and needs. For example, the first transformer can be a 1140V / 35kV box-type transformer. Correspondingly, the transmission line can be a 35kV transmission line. After the wind turbine generator side equipment is stepped up by the 1140V / 35kV box-type transformer, the electrical energy is transmitted to the hydrogen production side 30 by the 35kV transmission line.
[0069] In one possible implementation, each hydrogen production station 310 includes a third switch SW3, a second transformer, a first AC-DC converter, a first DC-DC converter, and an electrolyzer, wherein...
[0070] The high-voltage side of the second transformer is connected to the transmission line via the third switch SW3.
[0071] The low-voltage side of the second transformer is connected to the AC side of the first AC-DC converter;
[0072] The DC side of the first AC-DC converter is connected to the first DC side of the first DC-DC converter;
[0073] The second DC side of the first DC-DC converter is connected to the electrolytic cell.
[0074] This embodiment of the invention does not limit the parameters of the second transformer. Those skilled in the art can set them according to actual conditions and needs. For example, the second transformer can be a 35kV / 660V rectifier-phase-shifting transformer. The 35kV / 660V rectifier-phase-shifting transformer (second transformer) on the hydrogen production side 30 reduces the 35kV voltage to 660V. The AC-DC converter and DC-DC converter can be regarded as electrolysis power sources. The AC-DC converter can convert alternating current to direct current, and the DC-DC converter can convert direct current to adjust the electrolysis voltage, electrolysis current, and electrolysis power of the electrolyzer, thereby changing the load characteristics of the electrolyzer.
[0075] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 3 As shown, the black-start power supply 320 may also include a fourth switch SW4 and a second AC-DC converter. The low-voltage side of the second transformer is also connected to the AC side of the second AC-DC converter through the fourth switch SW4.
[0076] The DC side of the second AC-DC converter is connected to the hydrogen fuel cell.
[0077] This invention does not limit the specific type or capacity of the hydrogen fuel cell; those skilled in the art can set it according to actual conditions and needs.
[0078] In one possible implementation, the hydrogen fuel cell has a capacity of less than 1000kW, for example, 200kW.
[0079] In one possible implementation, the hydrogen fuel cell includes any one of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), an alkaline fuel cell (AFC), a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), an anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC), etc., preferably a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC).
[0080] For example, in this embodiment of the present invention, the small-capacity PEM fuel cell is connected to the low-voltage side of the second transformer of the hydrogen production station 310 via the second AC-DC converter, and connected to the AC bus of the hydrogen production plant via the 35kV transformer of the substation. The power is then transmitted to the busbar of the wind power generation side 10 via the medium-high voltage transmission line 20, realizing a black start for the entire system. The black start power supply 320 arrangement in this embodiment of the present invention has good reliability, reusing only one transformer, and the transformer has high reliability and an extremely low probability of failure.
[0081] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 3 As shown, the hydrogen production side 30 is also equipped with a Static Var Generator (SVG), which is used to detect changes in grid voltage and quickly generate or absorb reactive power as needed, so that the power factor of the hydrogen production station 310 is close to 1. An SVG, also known as a high-voltage dynamic reactive power compensation generator or a static synchronous compensator, is a device that uses a freely commutated power semiconductor bridge converter to perform dynamic reactive power compensation.
[0082] This utility model embodiment does not limit the specific implementation of the static var generator. Those skilled in the art can use relevant technologies to implement it according to actual conditions and needs.
[0083] The use of a hydrogen fuel cell as the black start power source 320 in this embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
[0084] 1. By arranging hydrogen fuel cells in hydrogen production station 310, the air compressor, thermal management system, water management system, electrical and safety system can be reused, improving the utilization rate of the auxiliary systems of the hydrogen production station without additional cost investment.
[0085] 2. By setting up a hydrogen production station 310, it is more convenient to obtain hydrogen as one of the fuels, and by utilizing the hydrogen that can be stored for a long time in the hydrogen production station, a black start can be achieved after a long shutdown of the system.
[0086] 3. The 320 is used only as a black start power supply connected to the low-voltage side of the hydrogen production plant substation. The fuel cell capacity is in the kW range. There are already mature commercial PEM fuel cell products in this range, and the cost of fuel cells and converters is already very low.
[0087] In summary, the off-grid renewable energy hydrogen production system with a black-start power supply 320 proposed in this embodiment achieves black-start when the wind power generation side 10 experiences a power outage. This system utilizes hydrogen from the hydrogen production equipment 3110 or the hydrogen storage equipment 3120 to generate electricity by setting up a black-start power supply 320 including a hydrogen fuel cell on the hydrogen production side 30. Based on the new energy hydrogen production scenario of off-grid wind power hydrogen production, this embodiment implements the black-start power supply 320 on the hydrogen production station 310 according to local conditions, reuses the existing equipment of the hydrogen production station 310, saves costs, and has a long black-start duration, which can balance the issues of reliability and high cost. At the same time, it is convenient for coordinated control operation and maintenance management.
[0088] The various embodiments of the present invention have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen to best explain the principles, practical applications, or technical improvements to the embodiments in the market, or to enable others skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
Claims
1. An off-grid renewable energy hydrogen production system with a black-start power supply, characterized in that, The hydrogen production system includes: The wind power generation side includes at least one wind turbine generator set, each of which is used for wind power generation. Power transmission lines are used to transmit the electricity generated by the various wind turbine generators. On the hydrogen production side, including: At least one hydrogen production station, each hydrogen production station is connected to the power transmission line, each hydrogen production station includes hydrogen production equipment and hydrogen storage equipment, the hydrogen production equipment is used to produce hydrogen using the electricity transmitted from the power transmission line, and the hydrogen storage equipment is used to store hydrogen; A black-start power source, including a hydrogen fuel cell, is used to generate electricity using hydrogen from the hydrogen production equipment or the hydrogen storage equipment to achieve a black start when the wind power generation side is de-energized.
2. The off-grid renewable energy hydrogen production system with black-start power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each wind turbine generator set includes a wind turbine generator, a machine-side converter, a grid-side converter, a DC bus capacitor, a first switch, a second switch, and a first transformer. The stator of the wind turbine is connected to the low-voltage side of the first transformer via the first switch; The rotor of the wind turbine is connected to the AC side of the machine-side converter; The DC bus capacitor is connected in parallel between the DC side of the machine-side converter and the DC side of the grid-side converter. The AC side of the grid-side converter is connected to the low-voltage side of the first transformer via the second switch; The output terminal of the first transformer is connected to the power transmission line.
3. The off-grid renewable energy hydrogen production system with black-start power supply according to claim 2, characterized in that, The machine-side converter, the grid-side converter, and the DC bus capacitor constitute a back-to-back converter.
4. The off-grid renewable energy hydrogen production system with black-start power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each hydrogen production station includes a third switch, a second transformer, a first AC-DC converter, a first DC-DC converter, and an electrolyzer. The high-voltage side of the second transformer is connected to the transmission line via the third switch. The low-voltage side of the second transformer is connected to the AC side of the first AC-DC converter; The DC side of the first AC-DC converter is connected to the first DC side of the first DC-DC converter; The second DC side of the first DC-DC converter is connected to the electrolytic cell.
5. The off-grid renewable energy hydrogen production system with black-start power supply according to claim 4, characterized in that, The black-start power supply also includes a fourth switch and a second AC-DC converter. The low-voltage side of the second transformer is also connected to the AC side of the second AC-DC converter through the fourth switch. The DC side of the second AC-DC converter is connected to the hydrogen fuel cell.
6. The off-grid renewable energy hydrogen production system with black-start power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogen fuel cell has a capacity of less than 1000kW.
7. The off-grid renewable energy hydrogen production system with black-start power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogen fuel cell includes any one of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, a solid oxide fuel cell, an alkaline fuel cell, a direct methanol fuel cell, and an anion exchange membrane fuel cell.
8. The off-grid renewable energy hydrogen production system with black-start power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wind turbine is configured to perform maximum power point tracking (MPPT) to achieve the maximum output power.
9. The off-grid renewable energy hydrogen production system with black-start power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wind turbine includes a doubly-fed asynchronous wind turbine.
10. The off-grid renewable energy hydrogen production system with black-start power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogen production side is also equipped with a static var generator, which is used to detect changes in grid voltage and quickly generate or absorb reactive power as needed, so that the power factor of the hydrogen production station is close to 1.