Direct current voltage conversion circuit and energy storage device

Abstract

The application provides a direct-current voltage conversion circuit and an energy storage device. The direct-current voltage conversion circuit comprises a switching module, a voltage conversion module, a voltage detection module and a driving module. The switching module is connected to a power supply and an output end of the voltage conversion module for supplying power to a load end, and the switching module is turned on when the power supply is powered on. The voltage detection module outputs a first level signal when the voltage at the output end of the voltage conversion module is greater than a first preset value, so that the driving module outputs an off driving signal based on the first level signal. The voltage detection module also outputs a second level signal when the voltage at the output end of the voltage conversion module is less than the first preset value, so that the driving module outputs an on driving signal based on the second level signal. The switching module cyclically receives the off driving signal and the on driving signal to realize a process of multiple on and off, and in the process of multiple on and off, the voltage conversion module outputs a preset voltage to the load end, thereby realizing self-excitation voltage reduction of the circuit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of electronic circuit technology, and in particular to a DC voltage conversion circuit and an energy storage device. Background Technology

[0002] In scenarios where a step-down power supply powers the system, flyback topology is commonly used. However, flyback topology involves external power devices such as transformers, which not only increases material costs but also increases circuit size, hindering miniaturization design.

[0003] Conventional DC buck circuits rely on control devices such as CPUs (Central Processing Units) to control the switches in the DC buck circuit (the CPU chip sends PWM pulse signals to control the switching transistors). This not only requires professional personnel to write and debug the program, leading to increased manual maintenance costs, but also makes the circuit structure more complex, increasing the probability of failure and the difficulty of troubleshooting.

[0004] Therefore, exploring low-cost, simple, and reliable step-down power supply circuit solutions is of great practical significance. Utility Model Content

[0005] This application provides a DC voltage conversion circuit and an energy storage device that can eliminate the CPU in existing DC voltage conversion circuits, achieve self-excited voltage reduction, thereby simplifying the circuit structure and reducing costs.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a DC-DC voltage conversion circuit, comprising: a switching module and a voltage conversion module, wherein the switching module is used to connect a power supply and an output terminal of the voltage conversion module that supplies power to a load, and the switching module is used to conduct when the power supply is powered on; a voltage detection module and a driving module, wherein the input terminal and output terminal of the voltage detection module are respectively connected to the output terminal of the voltage conversion module and the input terminal of the driving module, and the output terminal of the driving module is connected to the control terminal of the switching module; the voltage detection module is used to output a first level signal to the control terminal of the driving module when the voltage at the output terminal of the voltage conversion module is greater than a first preset value, and the driving module is used to output a turn-off driving signal to the switching module based on the first level signal; the voltage detection module is also used to output a second level signal to the control terminal of the driving module when the voltage at the output terminal of the voltage conversion module is less than the first preset value, and the driving module is used to output a conduction driving signal to the switching module based on the second level signal; the switching module is used to cyclically receive the turn-off driving signal and the conduction driving signal to realize multiple conduction and turn-off processes, and during the multiple conduction and turn-off processes, the voltage conversion module is used to output a preset voltage to the load terminal.

[0007] In some embodiments, the voltage conversion module includes an inductor L1, a diode D1, and a capacitor C3. The first terminal of the inductor L1 is connected to both the cathode of the diode D1 and the output terminal of the switching module. The second terminal of the inductor L1 is connected to the first terminal of the capacitor C3. The anode of the diode D1 is connected to the second terminal of the capacitor C3 and grounded. The first and second terminals of the capacitor C3 form the output terminal of the voltage conversion module.

[0008] In some embodiments, the voltage detection module includes a transistor Q3, a Zener diode D2, resistors R3, R4, R5, and R6. The first and second terminals of resistor R4 are respectively connected to the output terminal of the voltage conversion module and the first terminal of resistor R5, and the second terminal of resistor R5 is grounded. The control terminal of transistor Q3 is connected to the junction of resistors R4 and R5. The first terminal of transistor Q3 is connected to the control terminal of the drive module through resistor R6, and the second terminal of transistor Q3 is connected to the voltage conversion module through resistor R3. The second terminal of transistor Q3 is also connected to the negative terminal of Zener diode D2, and the positive terminal of Zener diode D2 is grounded.

[0009] In some embodiments, the switching module includes a switching transistor Q2 and a resistor R2. A first terminal of the switching transistor Q2 is connected to the power supply, a second terminal of the switching transistor Q2 is connected to the voltage conversion module, and a control terminal of the switching transistor Q2 is connected to the output terminal of the drive module.

[0010] In some embodiments, the driving module includes a switching transistor Q1. A first terminal of the switching transistor Q1 is connected to the power supply, a second terminal of the switching transistor Q1 is connected to the control terminal of the switching module, and the control terminal of the switching transistor Q1 is connected to the output terminal of the voltage detection module.

[0011] In some embodiments, the driving module further includes a capacitor C2. The first end of the capacitor C2 is connected to the connection between the switching module and the voltage conversion module, and the second end of the capacitor C2 is connected to the control terminal of the switching transistor Q1.

[0012] In some embodiments, the DC-DC voltage conversion circuit further includes an overcurrent detection module connected to the input terminals of the voltage conversion module and the drive module. The overcurrent detection module is used to detect the current at the output terminal of the voltage conversion module. When the current at the output terminal of the voltage conversion module is greater than a preset current threshold, it outputs an overcurrent signal to the input terminal of the drive module. The drive module is used to output a shutdown drive signal to the control terminal of the switching module based on the overcurrent signal.

[0013] In some embodiments, the overcurrent detection module includes a switching transistor Q4, a switching transistor Q5, a diode D3, a resistor Rm, and a resistor R8. The output terminal of the voltage conversion module is connected to the load terminal through the resistor Rm. The first terminal of the switching transistor Q4 is connected to the connection between the resistor Rm and the output terminal of the voltage conversion module. The control terminal of the switching transistor Q4 is connected to the connection between the resistor Rm and the load terminal. The second terminal of the switching transistor Q4 is connected to the anode of the diode D3. The cathode of the diode D3 is connected to the first terminal of the resistor R8. The second terminal of the resistor R8 is connected to the control terminal of the switching transistor Q5. The first terminal of the switching transistor Q5 is connected to the control terminal of the drive module, and the second terminal of the switching transistor Q5 is grounded.

[0014] In some embodiments, the DC-DC voltage conversion circuit further includes a capacitor C1. The positive terminal of the capacitor C1 is connected to the power supply, and the negative terminal of the capacitor C1 is grounded.

[0015] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide an energy storage device, which includes the DC voltage conversion circuit described above.

[0016] Unlike existing technologies, this application provides a DC-DC voltage conversion circuit and an energy storage device. When the power supply is turned on, the switching module initially conducts, and current flows through the switching module to the voltage conversion module. The voltage conversion module begins to build up the output voltage to supply power to the load. Simultaneously, the voltage detection module monitors the output voltage in real time and compares it with a first preset value. When the output voltage is greater than the first preset value, the voltage detection module outputs a first-level signal. After receiving the first-level signal, the drive module generates a shutdown drive signal to disconnect the switching module. When the output voltage drops below the first preset value, the voltage detection module outputs a second-level signal. In response to the second-level signal, the drive module outputs a turn-on drive signal to turn the switching module back on. Through the periodic on and off of the switching module (similar to PWM control), the output voltage of the voltage conversion module fluctuates between upper and lower threshold values, eventually stabilizing near the preset voltage. Specifically, energy is stored and released by energy storage elements (such as inductors and capacitors) in the voltage conversion module during the switching process, smoothing the output voltage waveform. The embodiments of this application can provide a stable operating voltage for the load, and can eliminate the CPU in the existing DC voltage conversion circuit, realize circuit self-excitation voltage reduction, thereby simplifying the circuit and reducing costs. Attached Figure Description

[0017] One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. These illustrations do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments. Elements having the same reference numerals in the drawings are denoted as similar elements. Unless otherwise stated, the figures in the drawings are not to be limited by scale.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of a DC voltage conversion circuit provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a block diagram of another DC voltage conversion circuit provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a DC voltage conversion circuit provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and thoroughly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0022] The technical features involved in the various embodiments of this application described below do not conflict with each other and can be combined with each other.

[0023] When an element is described as "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element, or there can be one or more intervening elements.

[0024] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first," "second," etc., are generally of the same class and are not limited in number; for example, a first object can be one or more.

[0025] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of a DC voltage conversion circuit 100 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0026] This application provides a DC voltage conversion circuit 100, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the DC voltage conversion circuit 100 includes a switching module 10, a voltage conversion module 20, a voltage detection module 30, and a drive module 40.

[0027] Specifically, the switch module 10 is used to connect the power supply (not shown in the figure, the connection point of the power supply is VIN in the figure) and the output terminal of the voltage conversion module 20 that supplies power to the load terminal (Vout in the figure). The switch module 10 is used to turn on when the power supply is powered on. The input and output terminals of the voltage detection module 30 are respectively connected to the output terminal of the voltage conversion module 20 and the input terminal of the drive module 40. The output terminal of the drive module 40 is connected to the control terminal of the switch module 10. The voltage detection module 30 is used to output a first level signal to the control terminal of the drive module 40 when the voltage at the output terminal of the voltage conversion module 20 is greater than a first preset value. The drive module 40 is used to output a turn-off drive signal to the switch module 10 based on the first level signal. The voltage detection module 30 is also used to output a second level signal to the control terminal of the drive module 40 when the voltage at the output terminal of the voltage conversion module 20 is less than the first preset value. The drive module 40 is used to output a turn-on drive signal to the switch module 10 based on the second level signal. The switching module 10 is used to cyclically receive the turn-off drive signal and the turn-on drive signal to achieve multiple turn-on and turn-off processes. During the multiple turn-on and turn-off processes, the voltage conversion module 20 is used to output a preset voltage to the load terminal. The preset voltage is approximately equal to the first preset voltage.

[0028] The first preset value is a fixed voltage value that is set in advance. It serves as a reference standard for the output voltage of the entire voltage conversion module 20, and can also be considered as a reference standard for the output voltage of the DC voltage conversion circuit 100. The first preset value is usually determined based on factors such as the specific application requirements of the DC voltage conversion circuit 100, the characteristics of the voltage conversion module 20, and the load requirements.

[0029] The first level signal is the signal output by the voltage detection module 30 when it detects that the voltage at the output terminal of the voltage conversion module 20 is greater than a first preset value.

[0030] The shut-off drive signal is the signal output by the drive module 40, and its function is to control the switch module 10 to shut down.

[0031] The second level signal is the signal output by the voltage detection module 30 when it detects that the voltage at the output terminal of the voltage conversion module 20 is less than the first preset value.

[0032] The turn-on drive signal is the signal output by the drive module 40, and its function is to control the switch module 10 to turn on.

[0033] In practical applications, such as Figure 1As shown, when the power supply (VIN) is powered on, the switching module 10 is turned on, and current flows through the switching module 10 to the voltage conversion module 20. The voltage conversion module 20 begins to build up the output voltage, supplying power to the load terminal (Vout). Simultaneously, the voltage detection module 30 monitors the voltage at the output terminal of the voltage conversion module 20 in real time and compares it with a first preset value. When the voltage at the output terminal of the voltage conversion module 20 is greater than the first preset value, the voltage detection module 30 outputs a first level signal. Upon receiving the first level signal, the drive module 40 generates a shutdown drive signal, causing the switching module 10 to turn off. When the voltage at the output terminal of the voltage conversion module 20 drops below the first preset value, the voltage detection module 30 outputs a second level signal. Responding to the second level signal, the drive module 40 outputs a turn-on drive signal, causing the switching module 10 to turn on again. Through the periodic on / off switching of the switching module 10 (similar to PWM control), the voltage at the output terminal (Vout) of the voltage conversion module 20 fluctuates between upper and lower threshold values, eventually stabilizing near the preset voltage. Specifically, energy is stored and released during the switching process through energy storage elements (such as inductors and capacitors) in the voltage conversion module 20, ultimately outputting a stable voltage. This embodiment can provide a stable operating voltage to the load, eliminating the need for a CPU in existing DC voltage conversion circuits, achieving self-oscillating voltage reduction, thereby reducing costs and improving circuit efficiency.

[0034] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a structural block diagram of another DC voltage conversion circuit 100 provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0035] In some embodiments, the DC voltage conversion circuit 100 further includes an overcurrent detection module 50 connected to the input terminals of the voltage conversion module 20 and the drive module 40.

[0036] Specifically, the overcurrent detection module 50 is used to detect the current at the output terminal of the voltage conversion module 20. When the current at the output terminal of the voltage conversion module 20 is greater than a preset current threshold, it outputs an overcurrent signal to the input terminal of the drive module 40. The drive module 40 is used to output a turn-off drive signal to the control terminal of the switch module 10 based on the overcurrent signal.

[0037] The preset current threshold is a pre-set current value that serves as the standard by which the overcurrent detection module 50 determines whether the current at the output terminal (Vout) of the voltage conversion module 20 is excessive. Components in the DC-DC voltage conversion circuit 100 and their connected loads have maximum current tolerances. Exceeding these limits can lead to component damage, circuit malfunctions, or even safety issues. The preset current threshold is determined based on the characteristics of the voltage conversion module 20, the rated current of other components in the circuit, and the overall safety requirements of the circuit.

[0038] The overcurrent signal is the signal output by the overcurrent detection module 50 when it detects that the current at the output terminal of the voltage conversion module 20 is greater than a preset current threshold.

[0039] The shut-off drive signal is the signal output by the drive module 40, and its function is to control the switch module 10 to shut down.

[0040] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a DC voltage conversion circuit 100 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0041] In some embodiments, the switching module 10 includes a switching transistor Q2 and a resistor R2. The first terminal of the switching transistor Q2 is connected to a power supply (…). Figure 3 (Not shown, the power supply connection point is VIN in the figure), the second terminal of the switching transistor Q2 is connected to the voltage conversion module 20, and the control terminal of the switching transistor Q2 is connected to the output terminal of the drive module 40.

[0042] In practical applications, since the control terminal of switch Q2 is grounded through resistor R2, when the power supply is on, the control terminal of switch Q2 is at a low level, thus turning on switch Q2 (i.e., the first terminal of switch Q2 is connected to its second terminal). At this time, if the voltage at the control terminal of switch Q2 (i.e., Figure 3 When the voltage at point V3 rises, the conduction current of switch Q2 (i.e., the current between the first and second terminals of switch Q2) decreases accordingly. When the voltage at the control terminal of switch Q2 rises above its conduction voltage threshold (which depends on the selection of switch Q2), i.e., a high-level signal (i.e., a turn-off drive signal), switch Q2 will turn off. When the voltage at the control terminal of switch Q2 drops below its conduction voltage threshold, switch Q2 will turn on again.

[0043] In this embodiment, taking a PMOS transistor as an example, the gate of the PMOS transistor is the control terminal of the switch Q2, the source of the PMOS transistor is the first terminal of the switch Q2, and the drain of the PMOS transistor is the second terminal of the switch Q2. Alternatively, the switch Q2 can be any controllable switch, such as an insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) device, an integrated gate commutated thyristor (IGCT) device, a gate turn-off thyristor (GTO) device, a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) device, a junction-gate field-effect transistor (JFET) device, a MOS-controlled thyristor (MCT) device, etc.

[0044] In some embodiments, the voltage conversion module 20 includes an inductor L1, a diode D1, and a capacitor C3.

[0045] Specifically, the first end of inductor L1 is connected to both the negative terminal of diode D1 and the output terminal of switch module 10. The second end of inductor L1 is connected to the first end of capacitor C3. The positive terminal of diode D1 is connected to the second end of capacitor C3 and grounded. The first and second ends of capacitor C3 form the output terminal of voltage conversion module 20.

[0046] In practical applications, if the switching transistor Q2 is turned on, both inductor L1 and capacitor C3 are charged. At this time, the voltage across capacitor C3 (that is, the voltage at the output terminal of voltage conversion module 20) gradually increases and can provide output voltage to the load. Figure 3 Not shown, the load connection point is Figure 3 (at Vout). Next, if the switch Q2 is turned off, the inductor L1 will discharge through the diode D1, transferring the stored charge in the inductor L1 to the capacitor C3 and the load connected to the inductor L1. At this time, the voltage across the capacitor C3 gradually decreases. Then, if the switch Q2 turns on again, the inductor L1 and the capacitor C3 will charge simultaneously. During the cyclic on and off process of the switch Q2, the voltage across the capacitor C3 (the voltage at the output of the voltage conversion module 20) gradually stabilizes until it is maintained at a preset voltage (approximately the first preset value).

[0047] In some embodiments, the voltage detection module 30 includes a transistor Q3, a Zener diode D2, resistors R3, R4, R5, and R6. The first and second ends of resistor R4 are connected to the output terminal of the voltage conversion module 20 and the first end of resistor R5, respectively, and the second end of resistor R5 is grounded. The control terminal of transistor Q3 is connected to the junction of resistors R4 and R5. The first end of transistor Q3 is connected to the control terminal of the drive module 40 through resistor R6. The second end of transistor Q3 is connected to the second end of the inductor L1 of the voltage conversion module 20 through resistor R3. The second end of transistor Q3 is also connected to the negative terminal of the Zener diode D2, and the positive terminal of the Zener diode D2 is grounded.

[0048] In practical applications, resistors R4 and R5 serve as sampling resistors for the voltage across capacitor C1. When the output voltage of capacitor C1 exceeds a first preset value, switch Q3 is turned on. Figure 3 V2 is at a low level (i.e., the first level signal). When the output voltage of capacitor C1 is less than the first preset value, switch Q3 is turned off, and V2 is at a high level (i.e., the second level signal).

[0049] The first preset value, i.e., the desired voltage at Vout, can be adjusted by adjusting the resistance values ​​of resistors R4 and R5, as well as the voltage regulation value of the Zener diode D2. Assuming the reverse breakdown voltage of the Zener diode is Vh, and the forward voltage drop (BE) of the switching transistor Q3 is Vth (e.g., 0.7V), the formula for calculating the voltage at Vout is: Vout = (Vh + Vth) / R5 * (R4 + R5), where Vout is the output voltage of the voltage conversion module 20 (i.e., ...). Figure 3 (Vout is the voltage at Vout), R4 is the resistance value of resistor R4, and R5 is the resistance value of resistor R5.

[0050] In this embodiment, taking an NPN transistor as an example, the base of the NPN transistor is the control terminal of the switch Q3, the collector of the NPN transistor is the first terminal of the switch Q3, and the emitter of the NPN transistor is the second terminal of the switch Q3. Alternatively, the switch Q3 can be any controllable switch, such as an insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), an integrated gate commutated thyristor (IGCT), a gate turn-off thyristor (GTO), a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR), a junction-gate field-effect transistor (JFET), or a MOS-controlled thyristor (MCT), etc.

[0051] In some embodiments, the drive module 40 includes a switching transistor Q1. A first terminal of the switching transistor Q1 is connected to a power supply, a second terminal of the switching transistor Q1 is connected to the control terminal of the switching module 10, and the control terminal of the switching transistor Q1 is connected to the output terminal of the voltage detection module 30. Furthermore, the control terminal of the switching transistor Q2 is connected to the second terminal of the switching transistor Q1.

[0052] In this embodiment, taking a PNP transistor as an example, the base of the PNP transistor is the control terminal of the switch Q1, the emitter is the first terminal of the switch Q1, and the collector is the second terminal of the switch Q1. Alternatively, the switch Q1 can be any controllable switch, such as an insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), an integrated gate commutated thyristor (IGCT), a gate turn-off thyristor (GTO), a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR), a junction-gate field-effect transistor (JFET), or a MOS-controlled thyristor (MCT). The control terminal, the first terminal, and the second terminal of the switch Q1 are the base, emitter, and collector, respectively.

[0053] Specifically, when switch Q3 is turned on, the voltage at the control terminal of switch Q1 is low, so switch Q1 is turned on, causing the voltage at the control terminal of switch Q2 to be high, thus turning switch Q2 off; conversely, when switch Q3 is turned off, the voltage at the control terminal of switch Q1 is high, so switch Q1 is turned off, causing the voltage at the control terminal of switch Q2 to be low, thus turning switch Q2 on.

[0054] In some embodiments, the drive module 40 further includes a capacitor C2. The first end of capacitor C2 is connected to the connection point between the switch module 10 and the voltage conversion module 20, and the second end of capacitor C2 is connected to the control terminal of the switch transistor Q1. Specifically, the first end of capacitor C2 is connected to the connection point between the second end of the switch transistor Q2 and the first end of the inductor L1, and the second end of capacitor C2 is connected to the control terminal of the switch transistor Q1.

[0055] Specifically, when switch Q1 is turned on, switch Q2 will be turned off, causing the voltage at point V4 to begin to drop. Since the voltage across capacitor C2 cannot change abruptly, the voltage at the base of switch Q1 will not change abruptly to maintain the conduction of switch Q1, thus allowing the voltage at the control terminal of switch Q2 to rise rapidly to the point of rapid deactivation.

[0056] Combined with reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 The overcurrent detection module 50 includes switching transistors Q4 and Q5, diode D3, resistor Rm, and resistor R8. The output of the voltage conversion module is connected to the load via resistor Rm. The first terminal of switching transistor Q4 is connected to the junction of resistor Rm and the output of the voltage conversion module 20. The control terminal of switching transistor Q4 is connected to the junction of resistor Rm and the load. The second terminal of switching transistor Q4 is connected to the anode of diode D3. The cathode of diode D3 is connected to the first terminal of resistor R8. The second terminal of resistor R8 is connected to the control terminal of switching transistor Q5. The first terminal of switching transistor Q5 is connected to the control terminal of the drive module 40, and the second terminal of switching transistor Q5 is grounded.

[0057] Specifically, resistor Rm is the sampling resistor for the current at the output terminal of voltage conversion module 20. When an overcurrent occurs, that is, when the current at the output terminal of voltage conversion module 20 exceeds the preset current threshold, switch Q4 is turned on, and the current flows through diode D3 and resistor R8 to the control terminal of switch Q5. Figure 3Point V5 (the control terminal of switch Q5) is high, turning on switch Q5. Then, because switch Q5 is on, the control terminal of switch Q1 (point V2) is quickly pulled low due to grounding (a low-level signal, i.e., an overcurrent signal), turning on switch Q1. The conduction of switch Q1 causes point V3 to be high (i.e., a turn-off drive signal), and the voltage at point V3 rises to the power supply voltage (which can be approximated). Switch Q2 then quickly turns off, thus protecting the circuit from overcurrent damage.

[0058] The preset current threshold can be adjusted by changing the resistance value of resistor Rm. If Vd is the on-state voltage drop of switch Q4 (e.g., 0.7V), then the formula for calculating the preset current threshold is: I = Vd / Rm, where I refers to the preset current threshold and Rm is the resistance value of resistor Rm.

[0059] In this embodiment, taking a PNP transistor as an example, the base of the PNP transistor is the control terminal of the switch Q4, the emitter of the PNP transistor is the first terminal of the switch Q4, and the collector of the PNP transistor is the second terminal of the switch Q4. Similarly, taking an NPN transistor as an example, the base of the NPN transistor is the control terminal of the switch Q5, the collector of the NPN transistor is the first terminal of the switch Q5, and the emitter of the NPN transistor is the second terminal of the switch Q5. Furthermore, switches Q4 and Q5 can be any controllable switch, such as an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) device, an Integrated Gate Commutated Thyristor (IGCT) device, a Gate Turn-Off Thyristor (GTO) device, a Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) device, a Junction Gate Field Effect Transistor (JFET) device, or a MOS-controlled Thyristor (MCT) device.

[0060] In some embodiments, the DC-DC voltage conversion circuit 100 further includes a capacitor C1. The positive terminal of capacitor C1 is connected to the power supply, and the negative terminal of capacitor C1 is grounded. Specifically, capacitor C1 serves to stabilize the input.

[0061] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, the DC-DC voltage conversion circuit 100 also includes a fuse. The first terminal of the fuse is connected to the power supply, and the second terminal is connected to the switch module 10. Specifically, the fuse serves as a current-limiting protection device.

[0062] The following is Figure 3 The working principle of the DC voltage conversion circuit 100 is briefly explained.

[0063] In practical applications, firstly, when the power supply (VIN) is powered on, the control terminal of the switching transistor Q2 is connected to a low level, thus turning on the switching transistor Q2. The current path is VIN / FUSE / Q2 / L1 / Rm / Vout. At this time, inductor L1 and capacitor C3 are charged. As the current flowing through inductor L1 gradually increases during the charging process, the voltage across capacitor C3 (the voltage at the output terminal of voltage conversion module 20) also gradually increases.

[0064] Next, when the output voltage of inductor L1 rises above the first preset value, switch Q3 turns on. This pulls down the control terminal of switch Q1, causing switch Q1 to turn on. At this time, the voltage at the control terminal of switch Q2 increases, causing switch Q2 to turn off. After switch Q2 turns off, inductor L1 begins to discharge, with the current loop being L1 / Rm / Vout / D1. Gradually, capacitor C3 also begins to discharge. As inductor L1 and capacitor C3 discharge, the voltage at the output terminal of voltage conversion module 20 (the voltage across capacitor C3) decreases accordingly.

[0065] Then, when the voltage across capacitor C3 drops below the first preset value, switch Q3 turns off. The control terminal of switch Q1 is then pulled high, and switch Q1 turns off. At this point, switch Q2 turns back on, and the cycle repeats.

[0066] In summary, when the power supply circuit 100 is connected to the power source, during the cyclical on and off process of the switching transistor Q2, or during the repeated charging and discharging of the inductor L1 and capacitor C3, the voltage at the output terminal of the DC voltage conversion circuit 100 (i.e., the voltage at the Vout point) can gradually stabilize at the preset voltage, thereby achieving voltage reduction.

[0067] This application provides a DC-DC voltage conversion circuit 100. Through the periodic switching on and off of the aforementioned switching module 10 (similar to PWM control), the voltage at the output terminal (Vout) of the voltage conversion module 20 fluctuates between upper and lower threshold values, eventually stabilizing near a preset voltage. Specifically, energy storage elements (such as inductors and capacitors) in the voltage conversion module 20 store and release energy during the switching process, smoothing the output voltage waveform. This application provides a stable operating voltage for the load, eliminates the need for a CPU in existing DC-DC voltage conversion circuits, achieves self-excited voltage reduction, thereby reducing costs and improving circuit efficiency.

[0068] This application embodiment also provides an energy storage device, which includes the DC voltage conversion circuit 100 as described above.

[0069] The specific structure and working principle of the DC voltage conversion circuit 100 can be referred to the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0070] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and not to limit it; under the concept of this utility model, the technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, and there are many other variations of different aspects of this utility model as described above. For the sake of brevity, they are not provided in detail; although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. A DC voltage conversion circuit, characterized in that, include: A switching module and a voltage conversion module, wherein the switching module is used to connect the power supply and the output terminal of the voltage conversion module that supplies power to the load, and the switching module is used to turn on when the power supply is powered on; A voltage detection module and a drive module are provided. The input and output terminals of the voltage detection module are respectively connected to the output terminal of the voltage conversion module and the input terminal of the drive module. The output terminal of the drive module is connected to the control terminal of the switch module. The voltage detection module is used to output a first level signal to the control terminal of the drive module when the voltage at the output terminal of the voltage conversion module is greater than a first preset value, and the drive module is used to output a turn-off drive signal to the switch module based on the first level signal; the voltage detection module is also used to output a second level signal to the control terminal of the drive module when the voltage at the output terminal of the voltage conversion module is less than the first preset value, and the drive module is used to output a turn-on drive signal to the switch module based on the second level signal. The switching module is used to cyclically receive the turn-off drive signal and the turn-on drive signal to realize multiple turn-on and turn-off processes. During the multiple turn-on and turn-off processes, the voltage conversion module is used to output a preset voltage to the load terminal.

2. The DC voltage conversion circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The voltage conversion module includes an inductor L1, a diode D1, and a capacitor C3; The first end of the inductor L1 is connected to both the negative terminal of the diode D1 and the output terminal of the switching module. The second end of the inductor L1 is connected to the first end of the capacitor C3. The positive terminal of the diode D1 is connected to the second end of the capacitor C3 and grounded. The first and second ends of the capacitor C3 form the output terminal of the voltage conversion module.

3. The DC voltage conversion circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The voltage detection module includes transistor Q3, Zener diode D2, resistor R3, resistor R4, resistor R5, and resistor R6; The first and second ends of resistor R4 are respectively connected to the output terminal of the voltage conversion module and the first end of resistor R5, and the second end of resistor R5 is grounded; the control terminal of transistor Q3 is connected to the junction of resistor R4 and resistor R5, the first end of transistor Q3 is connected to the control terminal of the drive module through resistor R6, the second end of transistor Q3 is connected to the voltage conversion module through resistor R3, and the second end of transistor Q3 is also connected to the negative terminal of Zener diode D2, and the positive terminal of Zener diode D2 is grounded.

4. The DC voltage conversion circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switching module includes a switching transistor Q2 and a resistor R2; The first terminal of the switching transistor Q2 is connected to the power supply, the second terminal of the switching transistor Q2 is connected to the voltage conversion module, and the control terminal of the switching transistor Q2 is connected to the output terminal of the drive module.

5. The DC voltage conversion circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The drive module includes a switching transistor Q1; The first end of the switching transistor Q1 is connected to the power supply, the second end of the switching transistor Q1 is connected to the control terminal of the switching module, and the control terminal of the switching transistor Q1 is connected to the output terminal of the voltage detection module.

6. The DC voltage conversion circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that, The drive module also includes a capacitor C2; The first end of the capacitor C2 is connected to the connection between the switching module and the voltage conversion module, and the second end of the capacitor C2 is connected to the control terminal of the switching transistor Q1.

7. The DC voltage conversion circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The DC voltage conversion circuit also includes an overcurrent detection module connected to the input terminals of the voltage conversion module and the drive module; The overcurrent detection module is used to detect the current at the output terminal of the voltage conversion module. When the current at the output terminal of the voltage conversion module is greater than a preset current threshold, it outputs an overcurrent signal to the input terminal of the drive module. The drive module is used to output the shutdown drive signal to the control terminal of the switch module based on the overcurrent signal.

8. The DC voltage conversion circuit according to claim 7, characterized in that, The overcurrent detection module includes a switch Q4, a switch Q5, a diode D3, a resistor Rm, and a resistor R8. The output terminal of the voltage conversion module is connected to the load terminal through the resistor Rm. The first terminal of the switching transistor Q4 is connected to the connection point between the resistor Rm and the output terminal of the voltage conversion module. The control terminal of the switching transistor Q4 is connected to the connection point between the resistor Rm and the load terminal. The second terminal of the switching transistor Q4 is connected to the positive terminal of the diode D3. The negative terminal of the diode D3 is connected to the first terminal of the resistor R8. The second terminal of the resistor R8 is connected to the control terminal of the switching transistor Q5. The first terminal of the switching transistor Q5 is connected to the control terminal of the drive module. The second terminal of the switching transistor Q5 is grounded.

9. The DC voltage conversion circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The DC voltage conversion circuit also includes capacitor C1; The positive terminal of capacitor C1 is connected to the power supply, and the negative terminal of capacitor C1 is grounded.

10. An energy storage device, characterized in that, The energy storage device includes a DC voltage conversion circuit as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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