Rectifier bridge circuit and electronic device

Abstract

The utility model relates to a rectifier bridge circuit and electronic equipment belong to power supply technical field, including a plurality of ideal rectifier bridge, the input end of each ideal rectifier bridge is connected with each input voltage, the output end of each ideal rectifier bridge is connected, wherein, the input end includes positive input end and negative input end, the output end includes positive output end and negative output end, the ideal rectifier bridge includes control circuit, first switch circuit, second switch circuit, third switch circuit and fourth switch circuit, control circuit responds to the same polarity of input voltage and the polarity of input end, controls first switch circuit and fourth switch circuit conduction, and responds to the opposite polarity of input voltage and the polarity of input end, controls second switch circuit and third switch circuit conduction, therefore improves the reliability and security of rectifier bridge circuit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of power supply technology, and in particular relates to a rectifier bridge circuit and electronic equipment. Background Technology

[0002] In industrial-grade Power over Ethernet (PoE) switches and other devices that require external power supply and high reliability, dual or multiple power input designs are typically used to enhance system redundancy and stability. For these devices, preventing reverse power connection is particularly important, as it can easily damage the equipment.

[0003] The relevant reverse connection protection circuits are mainly applicable to single-source power input scenarios. When the system uses multiple power inputs, due to manual operation, some power supplies may be connected correctly while others are connected in reverse, such as... Figure 1 As shown. In this case, the voltage difference across the MOSFET in the reverse connection protection circuit 1 will reach twice the power supply voltage. The excessive voltage difference will cause the MOSFET and other components to break down, making it impossible to achieve effective reverse connection protection, resulting in poor reliability and safety.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a rectifier bridge circuit with high reliability and high safety. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a rectifier bridge circuit and electronic device, which aims to solve the problems of poor reliability and safety of related rectifier bridge circuits.

[0006] This application provides a rectifier bridge circuit, including multiple ideal rectifier bridges;

[0007] Each of the ideal rectifier bridges is connected to its respective input voltage.

[0008] The output terminals of each of the aforementioned ideal rectifier bridges are connected together;

[0009] The input terminal includes a positive input terminal and a negative input terminal; the output terminal includes a positive output terminal and a negative output terminal.

[0010] The ideal rectifier bridge includes:

[0011] The first switching circuit is connected in series between the positive input terminal and the positive output terminal;

[0012] The second switching circuit is connected in series between the negative input terminal and the positive output terminal;

[0013] The third switching circuit is connected in series between the positive input terminal and the negative output terminal;

[0014] The fourth switching circuit is connected in series between the negative input terminal and the negative output terminal;

[0015] A control circuit, connected to the first switch circuit, the second switch circuit, the third switch circuit, and the fourth switch circuit, is used to control the first switch circuit and the fourth switch circuit to conduct in response to the polarity of the input voltage being the same as the polarity of the input terminal, and to control the second switch circuit and the third switch circuit to conduct in response to the polarity of the input voltage being opposite to the polarity of the input terminal.

[0016] In one embodiment, the ideal rectifier bridge further includes:

[0017] The first protection circuit is connected in parallel with the first switching circuit and is used to protect the voltage between the positive input terminal and the positive output terminal.

[0018] The second protection circuit is connected in parallel with the second switching circuit and is used to protect the voltage between the negative input terminal and the positive output terminal.

[0019] The third protection circuit is connected in parallel with the third switching circuit and is used to protect the voltage between the positive input terminal and the negative output terminal.

[0020] The fourth protection circuit is connected in parallel with the fourth switching circuit and is used to protect the voltage between the negative input terminal and the negative output terminal.

[0021] In one embodiment, the first switching circuit includes a first field-effect transistor, the second switching circuit includes a second field-effect transistor, the third switching circuit includes a third field-effect transistor, and the fourth switching circuit includes a fourth field-effect transistor.

[0022] The ideal rectifier bridge also includes:

[0023] The first voltage regulator circuit is connected in series between the gate and the source of the first field-effect transistor to regulate the gate-source voltage of the first field-effect transistor.

[0024] The second voltage regulator circuit is connected in series between the gate and the source of the second field-effect transistor to regulate the gate-source voltage of the second field-effect transistor.

[0025] The third voltage regulator circuit is connected in series between the gate and the source of the third field-effect transistor to regulate the gate-source voltage of the third field-effect transistor.

[0026] The fourth voltage regulator circuit is connected in series between the gate and source of the fourth field-effect transistor to regulate the gate-source voltage of the fourth field-effect transistor.

[0027] In one embodiment, the ideal rectifier bridge further includes:

[0028] A first RC circuit is connected in series between the control circuit and the first switching circuit;

[0029] The second RC circuit is connected in series between the control circuit and the second switching circuit;

[0030] A third RC circuit is connected in series between the control circuit and the third switching circuit;

[0031] A fourth RC circuit is connected in series between the control circuit and the fourth switching circuit.

[0032] In one embodiment, the control circuitry includes a bridge controller;

[0033] The first input terminal and the second input terminal of the bridging controller constitute the input terminal of the control circuit, which is connected to the input terminal of the ideal rectifier bridge to receive the input voltage;

[0034] The output terminal of the bridge controller and the ground terminal of the bridge controller constitute the output terminal of the control circuit, which is connected to the output terminal of the ideal rectifier bridge;

[0035] The first top MOSFET gate drive terminal of the bridge controller constitutes the first drive terminal of the control circuit and is connected to the first switching circuit to output a first control signal.

[0036] The second top MOSFET gate drive terminal of the bridge controller constitutes the second drive terminal of the control circuit and is connected to the second switching circuit to output a second control signal;

[0037] The first bottom MOSFET gate drive terminal of the bridge controller constitutes the third drive terminal of the control circuit and is connected to the third switching circuit to output a third control signal.

[0038] The second bottom MOSFET gate drive terminal of the bridge controller constitutes the fourth drive terminal of the control circuit and is connected to the fourth switch circuit to output a fourth control signal.

[0039] In one embodiment, it further includes:

[0040] The first clamping circuit is connected between the ground terminal of the bridge controller and the first input terminal of the bridge controller, and is used to clamp the voltage between the ground terminal of the bridge controller and the first input terminal of the bridge controller.

[0041] In one embodiment, it further includes:

[0042] The second clamping circuit is connected between the ground terminal of the bridge controller and the second input terminal of the bridge controller, and is used to clamp the voltage between the ground terminal of the bridge controller and the second input terminal of the bridge controller.

[0043] In one embodiment, it further includes:

[0044] The third clamping circuit is connected between the ground terminal of the bridge controller and the negative output terminal of the ideal rectifier bridge to clamp the voltage between the ground terminal of the bridge controller and the negative output terminal of the ideal rectifier bridge.

[0045] In one embodiment, it further includes:

[0046] A capacitor assembly is connected between the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal of the ideal rectifier bridge.

[0047] This utility model embodiment also provides an electronic device, which includes the above-described rectifier bridge circuit.

[0048] The beneficial effects of this utility model embodiment compared with the prior art are as follows: When the polarity of the input voltage and the polarity of the input terminal are the same, the control circuit controls the first and fourth switching circuits to conduct, so that the current flows into the negative input terminal through the positive input terminal, the first switching circuit, the positive output terminal, the external load, the negative output terminal, and the fourth switching circuit, thereby forming a loop; when the polarity of the input voltage and the polarity of the input terminal are opposite, the control circuit controls the second and third switching circuits to conduct, so that the current flows into the negative input terminal through the negative input terminal, the second switching circuit, the positive output terminal, the external load, the negative output terminal, and the third switching circuit, thereby forming a loop; at the same time, when the input voltage of a part of the ideal rectifier bridge is positive and the input voltage of the other part of the ideal rectifier bridge is reversed, only the voltage difference of the input voltage is generated on each switching circuit, reducing the possibility of overvoltage damage to the field effect transistors in each switching circuit, providing the possibility of non-polarity connection of the power supply, and improving the reliability and safety of the rectifier bridge circuit. Attached Figure Description

[0049] To more clearly illustrate the technical utility model in the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0050] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of a related rectifier bridge circuit.

[0051] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a rectifier bridge circuit provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0052] Figure 3 This is a partial example circuit schematic diagram of a rectifier bridge circuit provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0053] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects to be solved by this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0054] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly on that other component. When a component is referred to as being "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to that other component.

[0055] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0056] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0057] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the rectifier bridge circuit provided in a preferred embodiment of this application is shown. For ease of explanation, only the parts relevant to this embodiment are shown, and are described in detail below:

[0058] The above rectifier bridge circuit includes multiple ideal rectifier bridges; the input terminals of each ideal rectifier bridge are connected to various input voltages; the output terminals of each ideal rectifier bridge are connected to a common circuit.

[0059] The input terminals include a positive input terminal VIN+ and a negative input terminal VIN-; the output terminals include a positive output terminal VOUT+ and a negative output terminal VOUT-.

[0060] An ideal rectifier bridge includes a control circuit 90, a first switching circuit 11, a second switching circuit 12, a third switching circuit 13, and a fourth switching circuit 14.

[0061] The first switching circuit 11 is connected in series between the positive input terminal VIN+ and the positive output terminal VOUT+;

[0062] The second switching circuit 12 is connected in series between the negative input terminal VIN- and the positive output terminal VOUT+.

[0063] The third switching circuit 13 is connected in series between the positive input terminal VIN+ and the negative output terminal VOUT-.

[0064] The fourth switching circuit 14 is connected in series between the negative input terminal VIN- and the negative output terminal VOUT-.

[0065] The control circuit 90 is connected to the first switch circuit 11, the second switch circuit 12, the third switch circuit 13 and the fourth switch circuit 14. It is used to control the first switch circuit 11 and the fourth switch circuit 14 to be turned on in response to the polarity of the input voltage being the same as the polarity of the input terminal, and to control the second switch circuit 12 and the third switch circuit 13 to be turned on in response to the polarity of the input voltage being opposite to the polarity of the input terminal.

[0066] It is understood that the first switching circuit 11 to the fourth switching circuit 14 all include switching transistors; the control circuit 90 may include a bridge controller.

[0067] like Figure 3 As shown, the ideal rectifier bridge also includes a first protection circuit 21, a second protection circuit 22, a third protection circuit 23, and a fourth protection circuit 24.

[0068] The first protection circuit 21 is connected in parallel with the first switching circuit 11 and is used to protect the voltage between the positive input terminal VIN+ and the positive output terminal VOUT+.

[0069] The second protection circuit 22 is connected in parallel with the second switching circuit 12 and is used to protect the voltage between the negative input terminal VIN- and the positive output terminal VOUT+.

[0070] The third protection circuit 23 is connected in parallel with the third switching circuit 13 and is used to protect the voltage between the positive input terminal VIN+ and the negative output terminal VOUT-.

[0071] The fourth protection circuit 24 is connected in parallel with the fourth switching circuit 14 and is used to protect the voltage between the negative input terminal VIN- and the negative output terminal VOUT-.

[0072] It should be noted that under extreme conditions such as surges or electrostatic discharge, even with pre-stage surge protection components, the switching transistors in the switching circuit are still susceptible to large transient voltage surges. When the voltage spike across the source and drain of the switching transistor exceeds a certain breakdown voltage, it will be damaged. Therefore, a protection circuit is connected in parallel across the source and drain of the switching transistor to limit the voltage difference (Vds) between the source and drain to below the clamping voltage of the protection circuit, effectively preventing overvoltage damage to the switching transistor and improving the reliability and safety of the ideal rectifier bridge. Furthermore, adding a protection circuit allows for a wider range of switching transistor selection, eliminating the need to choose expensive, high-voltage switching transistors, effectively reducing hardware costs.

[0073] like Figure 3 As shown, the ideal rectifier bridge also includes a first RC circuit 31, a second RC circuit 32, a third RC circuit 33, and a fourth RC circuit 34.

[0074] The first RC circuit 31 is connected in series between the control circuit 90 and the first switching circuit 11;

[0075] The second RC circuit 32 is connected in series between the control circuit 90 and the second switch circuit 12;

[0076] The third RC circuit 33 is connected in series between the control circuit 90 and the third switching circuit 13;

[0077] The fourth RC circuit 34 is connected in series between the control circuit 90 and the fourth switching circuit 14.

[0078] By adjusting the resistance and capacitance values ​​in the RC circuit, the rise and fall times of the gate voltage of the switching transistor in the switching circuit can be controlled, optimizing the switching timing and reducing voltage and current spikes during switching. On the one hand, this reduces switching losses and heat generation in the switching circuit, effectively alleviating heat dissipation pressure, especially in high-power equipment. On the other hand, by delaying the control, the parasitic inductance and capacitance effects caused by dv / dt and di / dt are reduced, protecting the switching transistor in the switching circuit and the controller in the control circuit 90, thus improving the reliability and safety of the ideal rectifier bridge.

[0079] like Figure 3 As shown, the ideal rectifier bridge also includes a capacitor assembly 80.

[0080] Capacitor assembly 80 is connected between the positive output terminal VOUT+ and the negative output terminal VOUT- of the ideal rectifier bridge.

[0081] The above technical solutions can improve the power supply stability of the ideal rectifier bridge, reduce fluctuations, and reduce the possibility of affecting downstream loads.

[0082] Figure 3 This illustration shows another partial example circuit structure of the rectifier bridge circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention. For ease of explanation, only the parts related to the embodiment of the present invention are shown, and are described in detail below:

[0083] The first switching circuit 11 includes a first field-effect transistor M1, the second switching circuit 12 includes a second field-effect transistor M2, the third switching circuit 13 includes a third field-effect transistor M3, and the fourth switching circuit 14 includes a fourth field-effect transistor M4.

[0084] It should be noted that the source of the first field-effect transistor M1 is connected to the positive input terminal VIN+ of the ideal rectifier bridge, the drain of the first field-effect transistor M1 is connected to the positive output terminal VOUT+ of the ideal rectifier bridge, and the gate of the first field-effect transistor M1 is connected to the control circuit 90. The source of the second field-effect transistor M2 is connected to the negative input terminal VIN- of the ideal rectifier bridge, the drain of the second field-effect transistor M2 is connected to the positive output terminal VOUT+ of the ideal rectifier bridge, and the gate of the second field-effect transistor M2 is connected to the control circuit 90. The source of the third field-effect transistor M3 is connected to the positive input terminal VIN+ of the ideal rectifier bridge, the drain of the third field-effect transistor M3 is connected to the negative output terminal VOUT- of the ideal rectifier bridge, and the gate of the third field-effect transistor M3 is connected to the control circuit 90. The source of the fourth field-effect transistor M4 is connected to the negative input terminal VIN- of the ideal rectifier bridge, the drain of the fourth field-effect transistor M4 is connected to the negative output terminal VOUT- of the ideal rectifier bridge, and the gate of the fourth field-effect transistor M4 is connected to the control circuit 90.

[0085] An ideal rectifier bridge also includes a first voltage regulator circuit 41, a second voltage regulator circuit 42, a third voltage regulator circuit 43, and a fourth voltage regulator circuit 44.

[0086] The first voltage regulator circuit 41 is connected in series between the gate and the source of the first field-effect transistor M1 to regulate the gate-source voltage of the first field-effect transistor M1.

[0087] The second voltage regulator circuit 42 is connected in series between the gate and the source of the second field-effect transistor M2 to regulate the gate-source voltage of the second field-effect transistor M2.

[0088] The third voltage regulator circuit 43 is connected in series between the gate and the source of the third field-effect transistor M3 to regulate the gate-source voltage of the third field-effect transistor M3.

[0089] The fourth voltage regulator circuit 44 is connected in series between the gate and the source of the fourth field-effect transistor M4 to regulate the gate-source voltage of the fourth field-effect transistor M4.

[0090] By directly connecting the voltage regulator circuit in series between the gate and source of the MOSFET, a "shielding layer" is formed on the MOSFET gate, reducing the possibility of gate overvoltage caused by external induced electric fields or static electricity. Simultaneously, the gate resistance (Rg) can be adjusted and optimized to further limit the gate current, reducing the possibility of MOSFET damage caused by surge injection through the gate, and improving the reliability and safety of the ideal rectifier bridge.

[0091] In a specific implementation, the first voltage regulator circuit 41 includes a first Zener diode Z1; the negative terminal of the first Zener diode Z1 is connected to the gate of the first field-effect transistor M1, and the positive terminal of the first Zener diode Z1 is connected to the source of the first field-effect transistor M1.

[0092] The second voltage regulator circuit 42 includes a second Zener diode Z2; the negative terminal of the second Zener diode Z2 is connected to the gate of the second field-effect transistor M2, and the positive terminal of the second Zener diode Z2 is connected to the source of the second field-effect transistor M2.

[0093] The third voltage regulator circuit 43 includes a third Zener diode Z3; the negative terminal of the third Zener diode Z3 is connected to the gate of the third field-effect transistor M3, and the positive terminal of the third Zener diode Z3 is connected to the source of the third field-effect transistor M3.

[0094] The fourth voltage regulator circuit 44 includes a fourth Zener diode Z4; the negative terminal of the fourth Zener diode Z4 is connected to the gate of the fourth field-effect transistor M4, and the positive terminal of the fourth Zener diode Z4 is connected to the source of the fourth field-effect transistor M4.

[0095] In extreme conditions such as lightning strikes and surges, the transient voltage at the gate of each MOSFET may far exceed its tolerance range (typically ≤20V), leading to gate breakdown. Therefore, a Zener diode is connected in parallel between the source and gate of the MOSFET. Its reverse breakdown voltage (e.g., 15V) is lower than the maximum tolerance value of the MOSFET's Vgs (e.g., 20V). When an overvoltage occurs at the gate due to a surge or electrostatic induction, the Zener diode conducts, clamping Vgs below 15V to prevent gate breakdown. This also reduces the possibility of control circuit malfunction due to gate overvoltage, improving the reliability and safety of the ideal rectifier bridge.

[0096] Control circuit 90 includes bridge controller U1;

[0097] The first input terminal IN1 and the second input terminal IN2 of the bridge controller U1 constitute the input terminal of the control circuit 90, which is connected to the input terminal of the ideal rectifier bridge to receive the input voltage.

[0098] The output terminal OUT of the bridge controller U1 and the ground terminal GND of the bridge controller U1 constitute the output terminal of the control circuit 90, which is connected to the output terminal of the ideal rectifier bridge.

[0099] The first top MOSFET gate drive terminal TG1 of the bridge controller U1 constitutes the first drive terminal of the control circuit 90 and is connected to the first switch circuit 11 to output the first control signal.

[0100] The second top MOSFET gate drive terminal TG2 of the bridge controller U1 forms the second drive terminal of the control circuit 90 and is connected to the second switch circuit 12 to output the second control signal.

[0101] The first bottom MOSFET gate drive terminal BG1 of the bridge controller U1 forms the third drive terminal of the control circuit 90 and is connected to the third switch circuit 13 to output the third control signal.

[0102] The second bottom MOSFET gate drive terminal BG2 of the bridge controller U1 forms the fourth drive terminal of the control circuit 90 and is connected to the fourth switch circuit 14 to output the fourth control signal.

[0103] In one embodiment, the ideal rectifier bridge further includes a first clamping circuit 70.

[0104] The first clamping circuit 70 is connected between the ground terminal GND of the bridge controller U1 and the first input terminal IN1 of the bridge controller U1, and is used to clamp the voltage between the ground terminal GND of the bridge controller U1 and the first input terminal IN1 of the bridge controller U1.

[0105] In a specific implementation, the first clamping circuit 70 includes a fifth Zener diode Z5; the positive terminal of the fifth Zener diode Z5 is connected to the ground terminal GND of the bridge controller U1, and the negative terminal of the fifth Zener diode Z5 is connected to the first input terminal IN1 of the bridge controller U1. The fifth Zener diode Z5 can be a Schottky diode.

[0106] The potential of the first input terminal IN1 of the bridge controller U1 is controlled to be above the potential of the ground terminal GND of the bridge controller U1 (the on-state voltage drop of the fifth Zener diode Z5) by -0.7V. When a negative surge occurs, the fifth Zener diode Z5 quickly conducts, forcibly clamping the voltage between the ground terminal GND of the bridge controller U1 and the first input terminal IN1 of the bridge controller U1, ensuring that it does not fall below the threshold required by the chip, thus preventing damage to the chip due to negative voltage and improving the reliability and safety of the ideal rectifier bridge.

[0107] In one embodiment, the ideal rectifier bridge further includes a second clamping circuit 60.

[0108] The second clamping circuit 60 is connected between the ground terminal GND of the bridge controller U1 and the second input terminal IN2 of the bridge controller U1, and is used to clamp the voltage between the ground terminal GND of the bridge controller U1 and the second input terminal IN2 of the bridge controller U1.

[0109] In a specific implementation, the second clamping circuit 60 includes a sixth Zener diode Z6; the positive terminal of the sixth Zener diode Z6 is connected to the ground terminal GND of the bridge controller U1, and the negative terminal of the sixth Zener diode Z6 is connected to the second input terminal IN2 of the bridge controller U1. The sixth Zener diode Z6 can be a Schottky diode.

[0110] The potential of the second input terminal IN2 of the bridge controller U1 is controlled to be above the potential of the ground terminal GND of the bridge controller U1 (the on-state voltage drop of the fifth Zener diode Z5). When a negative surge occurs, the sixth Zener diode Z6 quickly conducts, forcibly clamping the voltage between the ground terminal GND of the bridge controller U1 and the second input terminal IN2 of the bridge controller U1, ensuring that it does not fall below the threshold required by the chip, thus preventing damage to the chip due to negative voltage and improving the reliability and safety of the ideal rectifier bridge.

[0111] In one embodiment, the ideal rectifier bridge further includes a third clamping circuit 50.

[0112] The third clamping circuit 50 is connected between the ground terminal GND of the bridge controller U1 and the negative output terminal VOUT- of the ideal rectifier bridge to clamp the voltage between the ground terminal GND of the bridge controller U1 and the negative output terminal VOUT- of the ideal rectifier bridge.

[0113] The third clamping circuit 50 includes a seventh Zener diode Z7 and a fifth resistor R5; the negative terminal of the seventh Zener diode Z7 is connected to the negative output terminal VOUT- of the ideal rectifier bridge, the positive terminal of the seventh Zener diode Z7 is connected to the first terminal of the fifth resistor R5, and the second terminal of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to the ground terminal GND of the bridge controller U1.

[0114] When a positive surge occurs, the voltage at the input of the bridge controller U1 rises due to the surge. The seventh Zener diode Z7 limits the voltage difference between the ground terminal GND of the bridge controller U1 and the negative output terminal VOUT- of the ideal rectifier bridge. The fifth resistor R5 further reduces the voltage difference between the input terminal and the ground terminal GND of the bridge controller U1 through voltage division, preventing the chip from being damaged due to excessive voltage difference. This application solves the long-neglected problem of "GND pin voltage runaway" by incorporating the ground terminal GND of the bridge controller U1 into the protection system. Moreover, through the combination of resistors and Zener diodes, dynamic adjustment of the GND pin voltage is achieved, rather than simply relying on the fixed clamping voltage of the diode, ensuring that a safe level is maintained under different surge intensities.

[0115] The first RC circuit 31 includes a first capacitor C1 and a first resistor R1; the first end of the first capacitor C1 and the first end of the first resistor R1 are connected to the first switch circuit 11, the first end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the control circuit 90, and the first end of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the signal ground.

[0116] The second RC circuit 32 includes a second capacitor C2 and a second resistor R2; the first end of the second capacitor C2 and the first end of the second resistor R2 are both connected to the second switch circuit 12, the first end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the control circuit 90, and the first end of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the signal ground.

[0117] The third RC circuit 33 includes a third capacitor C3 and a third resistor R3; the first end of the third capacitor C3 and the first end of the third resistor R3 are connected to the third switch circuit 13, the first end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the control circuit 90, and the first end of the third capacitor C3 is connected to the signal ground.

[0118] The fourth RC circuit 34 includes a fourth capacitor C4 and a fourth resistor R4; the first end of the fourth capacitor C4 and the first end of the fourth resistor R4 are connected to the fourth switch circuit 14, the first end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the control circuit 90, and the first end of the fourth capacitor C4 is connected to the signal ground.

[0119] The signal ground can be connected to the ground terminal GND of the bridge controller U1.

[0120] During surges, the RC circuit effectively suppresses voltage spikes and maintains stability. Simultaneously, it effectively adjusts the delay of the gate drive signal of the MOSFET, optimizing the MOSFET's switching timing and reducing the voltage surge to the control circuit 90 during switching, thus improving the reliability and safety of the ideal rectifier bridge.

[0121] The first protection circuit 21 includes a first TVS transistor T1; the first end of the first TVS transistor T1 is connected to the drain of the first field-effect transistor M1, and the second end of the first TVS transistor T1 is connected to the source of the first field-effect transistor M1.

[0122] The second protection circuit 22 includes a second TVS transistor T2; the first end of the second TVS transistor T2 is connected to the drain of the second field-effect transistor M2, and the second end of the second TVS transistor T2 is connected to the source of the second field-effect transistor M2.

[0123] The third protection circuit 23 includes a third TVS transistor T3; the first end of the third TVS transistor T3 is connected to the drain of the third field-effect transistor M3, and the second end of the third TVS transistor T3 is connected to the source of the third field-effect transistor M3.

[0124] The fourth protection circuit 24 includes a fourth TVS transistor T4; the first end of the fourth TVS transistor T4 is connected to the drain of the fourth field-effect transistor M4, and the second end of the fourth TVS transistor T4 is connected to the source of the fourth field-effect transistor M4.

[0125] TVS diodes reduce the likelihood of overvoltage breakdown in MOSFETs by limiting their source-drain voltage Vds, and also reduce the possibility of overvoltage damage between the first input terminal IN1 and the output terminal OUT of bridge controller U1. Furthermore, by connecting the TVS diode directly in parallel with the source-drain terminals of the MOSFET, rather than in the preceding circuitry, the surge current conduction path is shortened, reducing voltage spikes caused by inductance effects. In addition, through optimized physical layout (such as shortening the trace length between the TVS diode and the MOSFET's gate), the response speed of the TVS diode (nanosecond level) is matched to the surge impact arrival time, achieving more efficient clamping.

[0126] Understandably, by combining TVS diodes, Zener diodes, and RC circuits for protection, the voltage withstand requirements of the MOSFETs are reduced under various extreme conditions, allowing the use of low-cost, low-voltage devices to achieve protection while reducing costs.

[0127] The capacitor assembly 80 includes a fifth capacitor C5; the first terminal of the fifth capacitor C5 is connected to the positive output terminal VOUT+ of the ideal rectifier bridge, and the second terminal of the fifth capacitor C5 is connected to the negative output terminal VOUT- of the ideal rectifier bridge.

[0128] Understandably, even with the protection of an ideal rectifier bridge, the power supply's output voltage will still experience some fluctuations. Therefore, adding an appropriate capacitor between the power supply output and the load creates a three-stage stabilization mechanism of "protection-suppression-buffering." The addition of the capacitor allows the power supply to operate more smoothly, minimizing fluctuations and preventing impact on downstream loads.

[0129] The following is based on the working principle. Figure 3 Further explanation is provided below:

[0130] In each ideal rectifier bridge, when the polarity of the input voltage is the same as the polarity of the input terminal of the ideal rectifier bridge, the voltage connected to the first input terminal IN1 of the bridging controller U1 is greater than the voltage connected to the second input terminal IN2 of the bridging controller U1. Therefore, the bridging controller U1 outputs a first control signal from the first top MOSFET gate drive terminal TG1 and a fourth control signal from the second bottom MOSFET gate drive terminal BG2. The first control signal is input to the gate of the first field-effect transistor M1 after being delayed by the first resistor R1 and the first capacitor C1, so that the first field-effect transistor M1 is turned on. The fourth control signal is input to the gate of the fourth field-effect transistor M4 after being delayed by the fourth resistor R4 and the fourth capacitor C4, so that the fourth field-effect transistor M4 is turned on. The current flows from the positive input terminal VIN+, the first field-effect transistor M1, the positive output terminal VOUT+, the external load, the negative output terminal VOUT-, and the fourth field-effect transistor M4 into the negative input terminal VIN-, forming a loop. When the polarity of the input voltage is opposite to that of the input terminals of the ideal rectifier bridge, the voltage connected to the first input terminal IN1 of the bridge controller U1 is less than or equal to the voltage connected to the second input terminal IN2 of the bridge controller U1. Therefore, the bridge controller U1 outputs a second control signal from the second top MOSFET gate drive terminal TG2 and a third control signal from the first bottom MOSFET gate drive terminal BG1. The second control signal, after being delayed by the second resistor R2 and the second capacitor C2, is input to the gate of the second field-effect transistor M2 to turn it on. The third control signal, after being delayed by the third resistor R3 and the third capacitor C3, is input to the gate of the third field-effect transistor M3 to turn it on. Current flows from the negative input terminal VIN-, the second field-effect transistor M2, the positive output terminal VOUT+, the external load, the negative output terminal VOUT-, and the third field-effect transistor M3 into the negative input terminal VIN-, forming a loop. Each ideal rectifier bridge rectifies each input voltage.

[0131] Meanwhile, when the input voltage of one part of the ideal rectifier bridge is connected in the positive direction and the input voltage of the other part of the ideal rectifier bridge is connected in the reverse direction, only the voltage difference of the input voltage is generated on each switching circuit. This reduces the possibility of overvoltage damage to the field-effect transistors in each switching circuit, makes it possible to connect the power supply without polarity, and improves the reliability and safety of the rectifier bridge circuit.

[0132] Each TVS diode protects the source-drain voltage of its respective MOSFET. Zener diodes Z1 through Z4 clamp the gate-source voltages of MOSFETs M1 through M4, respectively. Zener diode Z5 clamps the voltage between the ground terminal GND of bridge controller U1 and its first input terminal IN1. Zener diode Z6 clamps the voltage between the ground terminal GND of bridge controller U1 and its second input terminal IN2. Zener diode Z7 clamps the voltage between the ground terminal GND of bridge controller U1 and the negative output terminal VOUT- of the ideal rectifier bridge. Resistor R5 limits the current between the ground terminal GND of bridge controller U1 and the negative output terminal VOUT- of the ideal rectifier bridge. Capacitor C5 filters the voltage between the positive output terminal VOUT+ and the negative output terminal VOUT- of the ideal rectifier bridge to buffer the voltage connected to the load.

[0133] It is understood that the various embodiments in this application can be combined arbitrarily. By arbitrarily combining the various embodiments, multiple linkage protection functions can be realized, further improving reliability and security.

[0134] This utility model embodiment also provides an electronic device, which includes the above-described rectifier bridge circuit.

[0135] It should be understood that the sequence number of each step in the above embodiments does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0136] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and should all be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A rectifier bridge circuit, characterized in that, Includes multiple ideal rectifier bridges; Each of the ideal rectifier bridges is connected to its respective input voltage. The output terminals of each of the aforementioned ideal rectifier bridges are connected together; The input terminal includes a positive input terminal and a negative input terminal; the output terminal includes a positive output terminal and a negative output terminal. The ideal rectifier bridge includes: The first switching circuit is connected in series between the positive input terminal and the positive output terminal; The second switching circuit is connected in series between the negative input terminal and the positive output terminal; The third switching circuit is connected in series between the positive input terminal and the negative output terminal; The fourth switching circuit is connected in series between the negative input terminal and the negative output terminal; A control circuit, connected to the first switch circuit, the second switch circuit, the third switch circuit, and the fourth switch circuit, is used to control the first switch circuit and the fourth switch circuit to conduct in response to the polarity of the input voltage being the same as the polarity of the input terminal, and to control the second switch circuit and the third switch circuit to conduct in response to the polarity of the input voltage being opposite to the polarity of the input terminal.

2. The rectifier bridge circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The ideal rectifier bridge also includes: The first protection circuit is connected in parallel with the first switching circuit and is used to protect the voltage between the positive input terminal and the positive output terminal. The second protection circuit is connected in parallel with the second switching circuit and is used to protect the voltage between the negative input terminal and the positive output terminal. The third protection circuit is connected in parallel with the third switching circuit and is used to protect the voltage between the positive input terminal and the negative output terminal. The fourth protection circuit is connected in parallel with the fourth switching circuit and is used to protect the voltage between the negative input terminal and the negative output terminal.

3. The rectifier bridge circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first switching circuit includes a first field-effect transistor, the second switching circuit includes a second field-effect transistor, the third switching circuit includes a third field-effect transistor, and the fourth switching circuit includes a fourth field-effect transistor. The ideal rectifier bridge also includes: The first voltage regulator circuit is connected in series between the gate and the source of the first field-effect transistor to regulate the gate-source voltage of the first field-effect transistor. The second voltage regulator circuit is connected in series between the gate and the source of the second field-effect transistor to regulate the gate-source voltage of the second field-effect transistor. The third voltage regulator circuit is connected in series between the gate and the source of the third field-effect transistor to regulate the gate-source voltage of the third field-effect transistor. The fourth voltage regulator circuit is connected in series between the gate and source of the fourth field-effect transistor to regulate the gate-source voltage of the fourth field-effect transistor.

4. The rectifier bridge circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The ideal rectifier bridge also includes: A first RC circuit is connected in series between the control circuit and the first switching circuit; The second RC circuit is connected in series between the control circuit and the second switching circuit; A third RC circuit is connected in series between the control circuit and the third switching circuit; A fourth RC circuit is connected in series between the control circuit and the fourth switching circuit.

5. The rectifier bridge circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The control circuit includes a bridge controller; The first input terminal and the second input terminal of the bridging controller constitute the input terminal of the control circuit, which is connected to the input terminal of the ideal rectifier bridge to receive the input voltage; The output terminal of the bridge controller and the ground terminal of the bridge controller constitute the output terminal of the control circuit, which is connected to the output terminal of the ideal rectifier bridge; The first top MOSFET gate drive terminal of the bridge controller constitutes the first drive terminal of the control circuit and is connected to the first switching circuit to output a first control signal. The second top MOSFET gate drive terminal of the bridge controller constitutes the second drive terminal of the control circuit and is connected to the second switching circuit to output a second control signal; The first bottom MOSFET gate drive terminal of the bridge controller constitutes the third drive terminal of the control circuit and is connected to the third switching circuit to output a third control signal. The second bottom MOSFET gate drive terminal of the bridge controller constitutes the fourth drive terminal of the control circuit and is connected to the fourth switch circuit to output a fourth control signal.

6. The rectifier bridge circuit as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Also includes: The first clamping circuit is connected between the ground terminal of the bridge controller and the first input terminal of the bridge controller, and is used to clamp the voltage between the ground terminal of the bridge controller and the first input terminal of the bridge controller.

7. The rectifier bridge circuit as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Also includes: The second clamping circuit is connected between the ground terminal of the bridge controller and the second input terminal of the bridge controller, and is used to clamp the voltage between the ground terminal of the bridge controller and the second input terminal of the bridge controller.

8. The rectifier bridge circuit as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Also includes: The third clamping circuit is connected between the ground terminal of the bridge controller and the negative output terminal of the ideal rectifier bridge to clamp the voltage between the ground terminal of the bridge controller and the negative output terminal of the ideal rectifier bridge.

9. The rectifier bridge circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A capacitor assembly is connected between the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal of the ideal rectifier bridge.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes a rectifier bridge circuit as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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