Antioxidant device and solar cell

Abstract

The utility model discloses an anti -oxidation device and solar cell, wherein, the anti -oxidation device includes: direct current source, the electrically conductive container is connected with the negative pole of direct current source, is used to accommodate the solution to be handled, the anode is connected with the positive pole of direct current source, the box is used to accommodate the electrically conductive medium, and the electrically conductive container and anode all insert electrically conductive medium to form the electrically conductive loop, wherein, utilize direct current source to apply current to carry out anti -oxidation treatment to the solution to be handled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to an antioxidant device and a solar cell. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of perovskite solar cell technology, perovskite precursor solutions are easily oxidized by air when stored in the air, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cells prepared using oxidized perovskite precursor solutions is greatly reduced. Utility Model Content

[0003] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model provides an antioxidant device to improve the stability of the solution to be treated when stored in air.

[0004] The first aspect of this utility model provides an antioxidant device, comprising: a DC power supply; a conductive container connected to the negative terminal of the DC power supply for containing a solution to be treated; an anode connected to the positive terminal of the DC power supply; and a housing for containing a conductive medium, wherein the conductive container and the anode are both inserted into the conductive medium to form a conductive circuit; wherein current is applied using the DC power supply to perform antioxidant treatment on the solution to be treated.

[0005] In this invention, the positive terminal and anode of a DC power supply are connected, and the negative terminal of the DC power supply is connected to a conductive container. Both the conductive container and the anode are inserted into a conductive medium to form a conductive circuit. In this way, when current is applied using a DC power supply, the conductive container can continuously gain electrons, thereby preventing the solution to be treated in the conductive container from undergoing an oxidation reaction that results in the loss of electrons when stored in the air, and thus improving the stability of the solution to be treated when stored in the air.

[0006] In any embodiment, the antioxidant device further includes a cathode connected to the negative terminal of the DC power supply, the cathode being inserted into the solution to be treated. Here, the negative terminal of the DC power supply is also connected to the cathode, and the cathode is inserted into the solution to be treated. Thus, during the application of current using the DC power supply, the cathode can continuously gain electrons, which can accelerate the ability to provide electrons to the solution to be treated and further improve the stability of the solution to be treated when stored in air.

[0007] In any embodiment, the antioxidant device further includes: a first conductive line connecting the positive electrode and the anode; and a second conductive line comprising a first sub-conductive line and a second sub-conductive line, the first sub-conductive line connecting the negative electrode and the conductive container; and the second sub-conductive line connecting the negative electrode and the cathode. Thus, the first conductive line can be led from the positive terminal of the DC power supply to the anode, and the second conductive line can be led from the negative terminal of the DC power supply. The second conductive line can include two branches, namely the first sub-conductive line and the second sub-conductive line. The first sub-conductive line is connected to the conductive container, and the second conductive line is connected to the cathode. Both the conductive container and the cathode can continuously receive electrons, which can accelerate the ability of the conductive container and the cathode to provide electrons to the solution to be treated, further improving the stability of the solution to be treated when stored in air.

[0008] In any embodiment, the cathode includes at least one of a rod-shaped cathode, a single-layer mesh cathode, and a multi-layer mesh cathode. Thus, the cathode connected to the negative terminal of the DC power supply can be designed in various shapes to increase the diversity of antioxidant device designs. Compared to a rod-shaped cathode, a single-layer mesh cathode can increase the contact area between the cathode and the solution to be treated; compared to a single-layer mesh cathode, a multi-layer mesh cathode can further increase the contact area between the cathode and the solution to be treated; thus, the ability of the cathode to provide electrons to the solution to be treated can be accelerated, further improving the stability of the solution to be treated when stored in air.

[0009] In any embodiment, the antioxidant device further includes a driving device, one end of which is connected to the negative electrode and the other end of which is connected to the cathode, for driving the cathode to move in the solution to be treated. Thus, the driving device can drive the cathode to move in any suitable manner in the solution to be treated, accelerating the cathode's ability to provide electrons to the solution to be treated, and further improving the stability of the solution to be treated when stored in air.

[0010] In any embodiment, the driving device includes a servo motor for driving the cathode to rotate and thus move the solution to be treated. In this way, the servo motor can drive the cathode to rotate and move the solution to be treated, accelerating the cathode's ability to provide electrons to the solution and further improving the stability of the solution when stored in air.

[0011] In any embodiment, the antioxidant device further includes a first protective layer located on the outer wall of the conductive container, used to isolate the outer wall of the conductive container from the conductive medium. Thus, the first protective layer isolates the outer wall of the conductive container from the conductive medium, improving the corrosion of the outer wall of the conductive container by the conductive medium.

[0012] In any embodiment, the antioxidant device further includes a second protective layer located on the inner wall of the conductive container, used to isolate the inner wall of the conductive container from the solution to be treated. Thus, the second protective layer separates the inner wall of the conductive container from the solution to be treated, improving the corrosion of the inner wall of the conductive container by the solution to be treated.

[0013] A second aspect of this invention also provides a solar cell, comprising a first electrode layer, a first transport layer, a perovskite layer, a second transport layer, and a second electrode layer stacked together; wherein the perovskite layer is prepared using a perovskite precursor solution treated with the antioxidant device of the first aspect of this invention. Thus, using the antioxidant device can improve the stability of the perovskite precursor solution when stored in air, thereby increasing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell prepared using the aforementioned perovskite precursor solution.

[0014] In any embodiment, the first transport layer is an electron transport layer and the second transport layer is a hole transport layer; or, the first transport layer is a hole transport layer and the second transport layer is an electron transport layer. Thus, using an antioxidant device can improve the stability of the perovskite precursor solution when stored in air. This perovskite precursor solution can be used to prepare both conventional and inverted solar cells, offering a wide range of applications.

[0015] Details of one or more embodiments of this disclosure are set forth in the following drawings and description. Other features and advantages of this disclosure will become apparent from the specification and the drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this disclosure. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the antioxidant device provided in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 Figure (a) shows a schematic diagram of the rod-shaped cathode structure. Figure 2 Figure (b) shows a schematic diagram of a single-layer mesh cathode. Figure 2 Figure (c) is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-layer mesh cathode. Figure 2 Figure (d) shows a schematic diagram of the rotating multi-layer mesh cathode structure;

[0019] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a servo motor provided in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 A circuit diagram of a DC power supply provided for some embodiments of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell provided in some embodiments of the present invention.

[0022] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 100, Antioxidant device; 102, DC power supply; 104, Conductive container; 106, Solution to be treated; 108, Anode; 110, Housing; 112, Conductive medium; 114, Cathode; 116, First conductive wire; 118, Second conductive wire; 120, First sub-conductive wire; 122, Second sub-conductive wire; 124, Driving device; 126, First protective layer; 128, Second protective layer; 202, Rod-shaped cathode; 204, Single-layer mesh cathode; 206, Multi-layer mesh cathode. 300. Cathode; 302. Servo motor; 304. Rotor; 306. Shaft seal; 307. Front bearing; 308. Stator; 310. Brake; 312. Rear end cover; 314. Terminal box; 316. Front foot; 318. Air gap; 320. Rear foot; 322. Rear bearing; 324. Encoder; 326. Cooling fan; 500. Solar cell; 502. First electrode layer; 504. First transmission layer; 506. Perovskite layer; 508. Second transmission layer; 510. Second electrode layer. Detailed Implementation

[0023] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the specific embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0024] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of this disclosure. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this disclosure may be practiced without one or more of these details. In other instances, to avoid confusion with this disclosure, certain technical features well-known in the art have not been described; that is, not all features of actual embodiments are described herein, nor are well-known functions and structures described in detail.

[0025] In the accompanying drawings, for clarity, the dimensions of layers, areas, and elements, as well as their relative dimensions, may be exaggerated. The same reference numerals denote the same elements throughout.

[0026] It should be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as "on," "adjacent to," "connected to," or "coupled to" other elements or layers, it may be directly on, adjacent to, connected to, or coupled to other elements or layers, or there may be intervening elements or layers. Conversely, when an element is referred to as "directly on," "directly adjacent to," "directly connected to," or "directly coupled to" other elements or layers, there are no intervening elements or layers. It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used to describe various elements, components, areas, layers, and / or portions, these elements, components, areas, layers, and / or portions should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, area, layer, or portion from another element, component, area, layer, or portion. Therefore, without departing from the teachings of this disclosure, the first element, component, area, layer, or portion discussed below may be referred to as a second element, component, area, layer, or portion. And the discussion of a second element, component, area, layer, or portion does not imply that the first element, component, area, layer, or portion necessarily exists in this disclosure.

[0027] Spatial relation terms such as “below,” “under,” “below,” “under,” “above,” “above,” etc., are used herein for convenience of description to describe the relationship between one element or feature shown in the figure and other elements or features. It should be understood that, in addition to the orientation shown in the figure, spatial relation terms are intended to also include different orientations of the device in use and operation. For example, if the device in the figure is flipped, then the element or feature described as “below,” “under,” or “below” other elements or features will be oriented “above” other elements or features. Therefore, the exemplary terms “below” and “under” can include both above and below orientations. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or otherwise) and the spatial descriptive terms used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0028] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit this disclosure. When used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the terms “comprise” and / or “comprising,” when used in this specification, identify the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups. When used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of the associated listed items.

[0029] In the field of perovskite solar cell technology, perovskite precursor solutions are highly susceptible to oxidation when stored in air, resulting in a significant reduction in the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cells fabricated using oxidized perovskite precursor solutions. Narrow-bandgap perovskite solar cells have garnered widespread attention from academia and industry due to their applicability in tandem cells, including all-perovskite systems. Consequently, the stability of narrow-bandgap perovskite precursor solutions when stored in air has also become a major concern.

[0030] In the relevant technical solutions, during the production process of narrow bandgap perovskite solar cells, due to tin ions (Sn... 2+ Materials such as oxygen and carbon are easily oxidized, therefore, solar cells can be fabricated in an inert environment. However, the aforementioned stringent process requirements not only increase the manufacturing cost but also make it difficult to apply to the fabrication of large-area modules.

[0031] In related technical solutions, to prevent the narrow bandgap perovskite precursor solution from being oxidized, an antioxidant can be added to enhance the reaction with Sn. 2+ The antioxidants possess chelating ability, thus preventing electron loss reactions between them and oxidants such as oxygen. However, firstly, most of these antioxidants are sacrificial agents, making them unsuitable for the long-term air storage requirements of narrow-bandgap perovskite precursor solutions prepared entirely in air. Secondly, antioxidants and their oxidation products will become impurities in the perovskite precursor solution and subsequent perovskite layers, affecting the performance and long-term stability of narrow-bandgap perovskite solar cells. Thirdly, the addition of antioxidants increases the complexity and control difficulty of the solution, further limiting the decoupling improvement of the performance and long-term stability of narrow-bandgap perovskite solar cells.

[0032] Based on this, in order to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides an antioxidant device and a solar cell.

[0033] In describing the embodiments of this disclosure in detail, the schematic diagrams may be partially enlarged from the general scale for ease of explanation, and the schematic diagrams are merely examples and should not limit the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0034] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antioxidant device provided in some embodiments of this utility model. For example... Figure 1As shown, this utility model provides an antioxidant device 100, which includes: a DC power supply 102; a conductive container 104 connected to the negative terminal of the DC power supply 102 for containing a solution 106 to be treated; an anode 108 connected to the positive terminal of the DC power supply 102; and a housing 110 for containing a conductive medium 112, wherein the conductive container 104 and the anode 108 are both inserted into the conductive medium 112 to form a conductive circuit; wherein, current is applied using the DC power supply 102 to perform antioxidant treatment on the solution 106 to be treated.

[0035] Here, conductive container 104 refers to a container made of conductive material. Conductive container 104 can be made of any conductive material, such as aluminum (Al). In some embodiments, conductive container 104 can be a square container, a cylindrical container, or a container of other shapes, etc. Figure 1 The example illustration uses a square conductive container, which does not constitute a limitation on the scope of this disclosure.

[0036] Here, the solution to be treated 106 refers to any solution that requires antioxidant treatment, especially solutions that need to be stored in air for a long time and require antioxidant treatment. It should be noted that when the antioxidant device 100 provided by this utility model is sold as a product, the conductive container 104 may not include the solution to be treated 106. Figure 1 The solution to be treated 106 is shown in the diagram to illustrate the technical effect of the antioxidant device 100.

[0037] Here, anode 108 refers to a stable anode connected to the positive terminal of DC power supply 102, such as a platinum (Pt) electrode or a carbon (C) electrode.

[0038] Here, the box 110 refers to a container that can be used to contain the conductive medium 112. The box 110 should be made of a material that avoids reacting with the conductive medium 112. In some embodiments, the box 110 can be a square container, a cylindrical container, or other shaped containers, etc. Figure 1 The example illustration uses a square container, which does not constitute a limitation on the scope of this disclosure.

[0039] Here, conductive medium 112 refers to a substance with a certain conductivity, capable of providing electrons to a conductive container through electron-ion conduction. Common ionic conductors, semiconductors, metals, and insulators with low insulation rates can all meet these requirements. Conductive medium 112 can be a solid conductive material or a liquid conductive solution, such as an isopropanol solution containing ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) as the solute.

[0040] In this invention, by constructing an external circuit, the positive terminal of the DC power supply 102 is connected to the anode 108, and the negative terminal of the DC power supply 102 is connected to the conductive container 104. Both the conductive container 104 and the anode 108 are inserted into the conductive medium 112 to form a conductive circuit. Thus, during the process of applying current using the DC power supply 102, the conductive container 104 can continuously receive electrons, that is, provide additional external electrons to the solution 106 to be treated in the air, thereby preventing the solution 106 to be treated in the conductive container 104 from undergoing an oxidation reaction that loses electrons when stored in the air (i.e., preventing the solution 106 to be treated from being oxidized by oxygen in the air), thereby improving the stability of the solution 106 to be treated when stored in the air.

[0041] In some embodiments, the antioxidant device 100 further includes a cathode 114 connected to the negative terminal of a DC power supply 102, and the cathode 114 is inserted into the solution 106 to be treated. Here, the negative terminal of the DC power supply 102 is also connected to the cathode 114, and the cathode 114 is inserted into the solution 106 to be treated. Thus, during the application of current using the DC power supply 102, the cathode 114 can continuously receive electrons, which can accelerate the ability to provide electrons to the solution 106 to be treated, and further improve the stability of the solution 106 to be treated when stored in air.

[0042] Here, cathode 114 refers to the conductive material connected to the negative terminal of DC power supply 102.

[0043] In some embodiments, the antioxidant device 100 further includes: a first conductive line 116, which connects the positive terminal and the anode 108 of the DC power supply 102; and a second conductive line 118, which includes a first sub-conductive line 120 and a second sub-conductive line 122, wherein the first sub-conductive line 120 connects the negative terminal of the DC power supply 102 and the conductive container 104; and the second sub-conductive line 122 connects the negative terminal of the DC power supply 102 and the cathode 114. Thus, a first conductive line 116 can be led from the positive terminal of the DC power supply 102 to the anode, and a second conductive line 118 can be led from the negative terminal of the DC power supply 102. The second conductive line 118 can include two branches, namely a first sub-conductive line 120 and a second sub-conductive line 122. The first sub-conductive line 120 is connected to the conductive container 104, and the second sub-conductive line 122 is connected to the cathode 114. Both the conductive container 104 and the cathode 114 can continuously receive electrons, which can accelerate the ability to provide electrons to the solution 106 to be treated, and further improve the stability of the solution 106 to be treated when stored in air.

[0044] This invention does not impose any special restrictions on the materials and dimensions of the first conductive wire 116 and the second conductive wire 118 (including the first sub-conductive wire 120 and the second sub-conductive wire 122). The first conductive wire 116 only needs to be able to electrically connect the positive terminal and the anode 108 of the DC power supply 102, the first sub-conductive wire 120 only needs to be able to electrically connect the negative terminal of the DC power supply 102 and the conductive container 104, and the second sub-conductive wire 122 only needs to be able to electrically connect the negative terminal and the cathode 114 of the DC power supply 102.

[0045] In some embodiments, the cathode 114 may include, for example, a rod-shaped cathode 202 (such as...). Figure 2 As shown in Figure (a), single-layer mesh cathode 204 (as shown in Figure (a)). Figure 2 (as shown in Figure (b)) and multilayer mesh cathode 206 (as shown in Figure (b)) Figure 2 At least one of the following (as shown in Figure (c)). Thus, the cathode 114 connected to the negative terminal of the DC power supply 102 can be designed in various shapes to increase the design diversity of the antioxidant device 100.

[0046] Compared to the electrical connection between the negative terminal of the DC power supply 102 and the conductive container 104, connecting the negative terminal of the DC power supply 102 to the cathode 114 (e.g., rod-shaped cathode 202) allows the cathode 114 to continuously receive electrons, providing electrons to the solution 106 to be treated, thereby further improving the stability of the solution to be treated when stored in air.

[0047] Compared to a rod-shaped cathode, a single-layer mesh cathode 204 can further increase the contact area between the cathode and the solution to be treated 106; compared to a single-layer mesh cathode 204, a multi-layer mesh cathode 206 can further increase the contact area between the cathode and the solution to be treated 106; thus, the ability of the cathode to provide electrons to the solution to be treated 106 can be accelerated, and the stability of the solution to be treated 106 when stored in air can be further improved.

[0048] In some embodiments, the antioxidant device 100 further includes a driving device 124, one end of which is connected to the negative terminal of the DC power supply 102, and the other end of which is connected to the cathode 114, for driving the cathode 114 to move in the solution to be treated 106.

[0049] Compared to directly inserting the cathode 114 into the solution 106 to be treated, the cathode 114 provides electrons to the solution 106 through diffusion motion of the solution 106. The driving device 124 can drive the cathode 114 to move in the solution 106 in any suitable manner. For example, the driving device 124 can drive the cathode 114 to reciprocate in the vertical direction; for another example, the driving device 124 can also drive the cathode 114 to move circumferentially around the inner wall of the conductive container 104; for yet another example, the driving device 124 can also drive the cathode 114 (e.g., a multilayer mesh cathode 206) to rotate (e.g.) Figure 2 (As shown in Figure d). This can accelerate the ability of the cathode 114 to provide electrons to the solution 106 to be treated, and further improve the stability of the solution 106 to be treated when stored in air.

[0050] refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a servo motor provided for some embodiments of the present invention. For example... Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the driving device includes a servo motor 300, which drives the cathode 114 to rotate to move the solution 106 to be treated. In this way, the servo motor 300 can drive the cathode 114 to rotate to move the solution 106 to be treated, thereby accelerating the ability of the cathode 114 to provide electrons to the solution 106 to be treated, and further improving the stability of the solution 106 to be treated when stored in air.

[0051] like Figure 3As shown, the servo motor 300 includes: a rotor 302, comprising an iron core and windings, used to generate electromagnetic torque to drive the servo motor to rotate; a shaft seal 304, located at the shaft end of the servo motor, used to seal the air or liquid inside the servo motor to prevent external media from entering the servo motor, while maintaining the internal pressure balance of the servo motor; a front bearing 306 and a rear bearing 322, used to support the rotor 302 and reduce friction to ensure smooth rotation of the rotor 302; a stator 308, comprising an iron core and windings, used to generate a rotating magnetic field, which interacts with the rotor magnetic field to drive the servo motor to rotate; and a brake 310, located at the rear end of the servo motor, used to lock the motor shaft when power is off to prevent... The load causes the motor shaft to fall due to gravity; the rear end cover 312 is used to protect the internal structure of the servo motor and provide a seal; the cable outlet box 314, located on top of the servo motor, is used to connect the servo motor's cables and connectors, protecting the cables from external environmental influences while providing necessary electrical connections; the front feet 316 and rear feet 320 are used to fix the servo motor and provide support; the air gap 318 is located between the stator 308 and the rotor 302; the encoder 324 is used to detect the position and speed of the rotor 302, achieving high-precision position control through feedback signals; the cooling fan 326 is used for heat dissipation, guiding airflow to remove the heat generated during servo motor operation. This invention does not impose special limitations on the structure of the servo motor 300; any motor capable of driving the cathode 114 to rotate in the solution 106 to be treated is acceptable.

[0052] In some embodiments, the antioxidant device 100 further includes a first protective layer 126, located on the outer wall of the conductive container 104, for isolating the outer wall of the conductive container 104 from the conductive medium 112. Thus, the first protective layer 126 can be, for example, a coating attached to the outer wall of the conductive container 104, separating the outer wall of the conductive container 104 from the conductive medium 112 and improving the corrosion of the outer wall of the conductive container 104 by the conductive medium 112. The first protective layer 126 can be made of a material capable of resisting corrosion by the conductive medium 112; that is, the material of the first protective layer 126 is determined according to the type of conductive medium 112. This disclosure does not impose any special limitations on the material of the first protective layer 126.

[0053] In some embodiments, the antioxidant device 100 further includes a second protective layer 128, which is located on the inner wall of the conductive container 104 to isolate the inner wall of the conductive container 104 from the solution to be treated 106. Thus, the second protective layer 128 isolates the inner wall of the conductive container 104 from the solution to be treated 106, improving the corrosion of the inner wall of the conductive container 104 by the solution to be treated 106. The second protective layer 128 can be made of a material capable of resisting corrosion by the solution to be treated 106; that is, the material of the second protective layer 128 is determined according to the type of solution to be treated 106. This disclosure does not impose any special limitations on the material of the second protective layer 128.

[0054] In some embodiments, the solution to be treated 106 includes a perovskite precursor solution. Thus, during the application of current using the DC power supply 102, the conductive container 104 can continuously gain electrons, thereby preventing the perovskite precursor solution in the conductive container 104 from undergoing an oxidation reaction that results in electron loss when stored in air, achieving hourly air stability of the perovskite precursor solution in the air environment. Compared to devices prepared from fresh perovskite precursor solutions, devices prepared using the antioxidant device provided in this embodiment of the invention and storing the perovskite precursor solution in air for 1 hour still retain 93% efficiency, while devices prepared using the antioxidant device not provided in this embodiment of the invention and storing the perovskite precursor solution in air for 1 hour only retain 55% efficiency.

[0055] The antioxidant device 100 provided in some embodiments of this invention is particularly suitable for narrow bandgap perovskite precursor solutions and is expected to be applied in future large-scale narrow bandgap perovskite solar cell fabrication lines to achieve stable storage of narrow bandgap perovskite precursor solutions in air. This type of perovskite precursor solution is more easily oxidized when stored in air. Narrow bandgap perovskite precursors refer to perovskite materials with a bandgap less than 1.4 eV, typically composed of APbSnX3, where A is a monovalent cation (e.g., formamidinium cation (FA)). + ), methylammonium cation (MA) + ), cesium ions (Cs) + ), rubidium ions (Rb + X is a halide ion with a negative monovalent (e.g., fluoride ion (F...)). - ), chloride ions (Cl) - ), bromide ions (Br) - ), iodide ions (I) -(etc.). Narrow-bandgap perovskites in this bandgap range have attracted widespread attention as potential replacements for silicon solar cells, serving as the top cell in tandem solar cells. Furthermore, narrow-bandgap perovskite precursor solutions refer to solutions of the aforementioned components dissolved in specific solvent systems, commonly using polar solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Because narrow-bandgap perovskites typically contain Sn... 2+ Thermodynamically unstable, it readily loses electrons to become the more stable Sn. 4+ This further leads to the degradation of the photoelectric properties of narrow bandgap perovskites, namely, the oxidation of narrow bandgap perovskites.

[0056] refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a current diagram of a DC power supply provided for some embodiments of the present invention. For example... Figure 4 As shown, the DC power supply 102 includes: a transformer T, which converts the input AC voltage (220V) to a lower AC voltage (15V); and a rectifier circuit, including diode V. D1 V D2 V D3 and V D4 The AC voltage (15V) is rectified into a pulsating DC voltage; the filter capacitor C1 filters the rectified pulsating DC voltage, reducing voltage fluctuations and making the output voltage smoother; the voltage regulator circuit includes Zener diodes V1 and V2, regulating diode V3, and protection diode V... D5 Resistors R1, R2, R3, R4 and adjustable resistor R P Among them, Zener diodes V1 and V2 are used to provide a stable reference voltage, regulator diode V3 is used to regulate the output voltage, and protection diode V... D5 To prevent damage to the circuit when the output voltage reverses, resistors R1, R2, R3, and R4 are used for voltage division and current limiting, and the adjustable resistor R... P The output voltage is regulated by capacitors C2 and C3, which further filter the voltage to make it more stable and smooth. A voltmeter measures and displays the output voltage. This invention does not impose special restrictions on the specific circuit structure of the DC power supply 102; any DC power supply that can provide a stable applied current is acceptable. When setting the applied voltage value (i.e., the potential difference between the positive and negative terminals) of the DC power supply 102, the material of the conductive medium 112 must be considered to prevent reactions in the conductive medium 112.

[0057] In some embodiments, the DC power supply 102 provides a current ranging from 0.05A to 0.3A to the conductive circuit. Thus, the amount of electrons supplied to the solution 106 in the conductive container 104 can be controlled by controlling the magnitude of the current flowing through the conductive medium 112. Limiting the aforementioned current range can further improve the stability of the solution 106 when stored in air.

[0058] refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell provided in some embodiments of the present invention. For example... Figure 5 As shown, this utility model also provides a solar cell 500, including a first electrode layer 502, a first transport layer 504, a perovskite layer 506, a second transport layer 508, and a second electrode layer 510 stacked together; wherein, the perovskite layer 506 is prepared using a perovskite precursor solution treated with the aforementioned antioxidant device. Thus, using an antioxidant device can improve the stability of the perovskite precursor solution when stored in air, thereby increasing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell prepared using the aforementioned perovskite precursor solution.

[0059] In some embodiments, the first transport layer 504 is an electron transport layer and the second transport layer 508 is a hole transport layer; or, the first transport layer 504 is a hole transport layer and the second transport layer 508 is an electron transport layer. Thus, using the antioxidant device 100 can improve the stability of the perovskite precursor solution stored in air. This perovskite precursor solution can be used to prepare solar cells with formal structures and solar cells with inverted structures, and has a wide range of applications.

[0060] In some embodiments, the material of the first electrode layer 502 may be a transparent conductive material, including but not limited to one or more of indium tin oxide (ITO), aluminum zinc oxide (AZO), indium tungsten oxide (IWO), indium cerium oxide (ICO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), zinc-doped zinc oxide (IZO), and antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO), such as fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO).

[0061] In some embodiments, the material of the second electrode layer 510 may include a metal electrode material, a carbon material, a transparent conductive material, or a composite electrode material composed of a metal electrode material and a transparent conductive material; wherein, the metal electrode material includes one or more of silver, aluminum, gold, copper, titanium, chromium, nickel, platinum, and palladium, and the carbon material includes graphene, etc.

[0062] In some embodiments, the provision of an electron transport layer and / or a hole transport layer helps to extract and transport electron-hole pairs generated by the perovskite layer 506 to the corresponding electrodes, thereby improving carrier transport capability. Depending on the actual situation, an electron transport layer and a hole transport layer can be provided on both sides of the perovskite layer 506 respectively, or one of them can be provided on one side of the perovskite layer 506, such as providing only a hole transport layer; this is not a limitation.

[0063] The electron transport layer material is an n-type semiconductor with electron transport capabilities. Specific materials include, but are not limited to, titanium oxide (TiO2), tin oxide (SnO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), vanadium oxide (V2O5), zinc tin oxide (Zn2SnO4), and fullerene C. 60 (C 60 ), fullerene C 70 (C 70 ) and fullerene derivatives (such as [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyrate isomethyl ester, PC 61 One or more of BM, etc., without specific restrictions here.

[0064] The hole transport layer material is a p-type semiconductor with hole transport capability. Specific materials include, but are not limited to, nickel oxide (NiO). x The following are some of the following: cuprous oxide (Cu2O), molybdenum oxide (MoO3), copper iodide (CuI), cuprous thiocyanate (CuSCN), zinc oxide, 2,2',7,7'-tetratetra(N,N-p-methoxyaniline)-9,9'-spirodifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD), poly[bis(4-phenyl)((2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA), and [4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl]phosphate (Me-4PACz), without specific limitations.

[0065] In some embodiments, in order to further improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency, an interface treatment layer may be added between different film layers in the first electrode layer 502, the first transport layer 504, the perovskite layer 506, the second transport layer 508 and the second electrode layer 510, such as a passivation layer for passivating light-absorbing layer defects on the perovskite layer 506 side, or a blocking layer for blocking hole transport on the electron transport layer side.

[0066] In some embodiments, multiple solar cells can be connected in series, parallel, or in a hybrid configuration. A hybrid configuration refers to multiple solar cells that are connected in both series and parallel configurations, which can provide higher voltage and capacity.

[0067] The solar cell provided by this utility model is applicable to electrical devices using solar cells and power generation devices using solar cells. In some embodiments, the electrical device may be a vehicle, mobile phone, portable device, laptop, ship, spacecraft, electric toy, and power tool, etc. Vehicles may be gasoline-powered cars, natural gas-powered cars, or new energy vehicles; spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft, etc.; electric toys include stationary or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, and electric airplane toys, etc.; power tools include metal cutting power tools, grinding power tools, assembly power tools, and railway power tools, such as electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, and electric planers, etc. This utility model embodiment does not impose any special limitations on the above-mentioned electrical devices.

[0068] In some embodiments, the power generation device may include solar cells. The power generation device may also have a control system and a transmission system. The power generation device provided by this invention, through the control system and transmission system, adjusts the electrical energy generated by the solar cells into electrical energy that can match the electrical equipment.

[0069] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0070] Treatment methods for perovskite precursor solutions

[0071] Example 1:

[0072] Step S1: Construct the antioxidant device. Connect the conductive container to the negative terminal of the DC power supply and insert the conductive container into the conductive medium. Connect the Pt electrode as the stable anode to the positive terminal of the DC power supply and insert the Pt electrode into the conductive medium as well. In Example 1, the conductive container used is an Al pot, and the conductive medium is an isopropanol solution with NH4Cl as the solute, and its concentration is 10 mg / mL.

[0073] Step S2: Prepare the perovskite precursor solution. In a glove box under nitrogen atmosphere, weigh 0.085 mmol cesium iodide (CsI), 1.615 mmol formamidine iodide (FAI), 0.85 mmol lead iodide (PbI2), and 0.85 mmol tin iodide (SnI2) into a 4 mL bottle and dissolve them in 1 mL of a mixed solvent of DMF and DMSO (volume ratio 3:1) to prepare a 1.7 M CsI solution. 0.05 FA 0.95 Pb 0.5 Sn 0.5I3 The precursor solution was heated and stirred at 60°C for 2 hours, then filtered for later use.

[0074] Step S3, current regulation. The perovskite precursor solution prepared above is poured into the antioxidant device, and a current of 0.1A is output through the constant current mode of the power supply. The device is then placed in dry air for storage and aging for 0.5 hours.

[0075] Example 2:

[0076] The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that the aging time in Example 2 is 1 hour.

[0077] Example 3:

[0078] The difference between Example 3 and Example 1 is that the aging time in Example 3 is 1.5 hours.

[0079] Example 4:

[0080] The difference between Example 4 and Example 1 is that the aging time in Example 4 is 2 hours.

[0081] Example 5:

[0082] The difference between Example 5 and Example 1 is that the current in Example 5 is 0.05A.

[0083] Example 6:

[0084] The difference between Example 6 and Example 1 is that the current in Example 6 is 0.2A.

[0085] Example 7:

[0086] The difference between Example 7 and Example 1 is that the current in Example 7 is 0.3A.

[0087] Example 8:

[0088] The difference between Example 8 and Example 2 is that in Example 8, a 10 mL bottle is used to prepare the perovskite precursor solution in step S2.

[0089] Example 9:

[0090] The difference between Example 9 and Example 2 is that the antioxidant device used in Example 9 also connects the negative terminal of the DC power supply to the single-layer mesh cathode.

[0091] Example 10:

[0092] The difference between Example 10 and Example 2 is that the antioxidant device used in Example 10 also connects the negative terminal of the DC power supply to the multilayer mesh cathode.

[0093] Example 11:

[0094] The difference between Example 11 and Example 2 is that the antioxidant device used in Example 11 also connects the negative terminal of the DC power supply to the multi-layer mesh cathode, and the multi-layer mesh cathode is connected to the servo motor.

[0095] Comparative Example 1:

[0096] Step S1: Prepare the perovskite precursor solution. In a nitrogen-atmosphere glove box, weigh 0.085 mmol CsI, 1.615 mmol FAI, 0.85 mmol PbI2, and 0.85 mmol SnI2 into a 4 mL bottle and dissolve in 1 mL of a mixed solvent of DMF and DMSO (volume ratio 3:1) to prepare a 1.7 M CsI solution. 0.05 FA 0.95 Pb 0.5 Sn 0.5I3 The precursor solution was heated and stirred at 60°C for 2 hours, then filtered for later use.

[0097] Step S2: Air aging. The perovskite precursor solution is placed in dry air for aging for 1 hour.

[0098] Methods for preparing solar cells

[0099] (1) Clean the transparent conductive oxide (FTO) with detergent and water using ultrasonic cleaning for 15 minutes, rub it clean with clean rubber gloves, and then clean it with deionized water, ethanol, acetone and isopropanol in sequence using ultrasonic cleaning for 15 minutes each time. Finally, dry it in a forced-air drying oven for later use. Before use, place the FTO in an ultraviolet ozone generator for further cleaning.

[0100] (2) In a fume hood, an aqueous solution of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT):polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) was spin-coated on the FTO surface at 7000 rpm to 1333 rpm, and the hole transport layer was obtained by heating at 140°C for 20 min on a hot table.

[0101] (3) On the spin-coated PEDOT:PSS sheet, the perovskite precursor solution was spin-coated at 3000 rpm in a glove box, followed by annealing at 100°C for 10 min and cooling to room temperature to obtain the perovskite layer. The perovskite layer can be prepared using freshly prepared perovskite precursor solution (i.e., fresh sample), perovskite precursor solutions from Examples 1 to 11 and Comparative Example 1, respectively.

[0102] (4) After spin-coating the perovskite layer, the wafer is placed in a vacuum thermal evaporation equipment on a fixture to sequentially deposit fullerenes (C). 60 30nm, BCP (Boiled Copper Plating Solution) 7nm, Copper (Cu) 60nm, evaporation rate is The above steps yield a perovskite solar cell.

[0103] Test methods

[0104] 1. Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometry

[0105] Freshly prepared perovskite precursor solutions, perovskite precursor solutions treated with an antioxidant device in Examples 1 to 11, and the untreated perovskite precursor solution in Comparative Example 1 were injected into quartz cuvettes, and the absorption spectra of these solutions were scanned using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. During the test, the monochromatic light wavelength was set to scan within the range of 200 nm to 1000 nm, with a test step size of 5 nm. The relative redshift of the absorption edge of the freshly prepared perovskite precursor solution (i.e., the fresh sample) was recorded as 0 nm. Compared to the fresh sample, the relative redshifts of the absorption edges of the perovskite precursor solutions in Examples 1 to 11 and Comparative Example 1 are recorded in Table 1.

[0106] 2. Photoelectric conversion efficiency test

[0107] At a light intensity of 100mW / cm 2 Under AM1.5G simulated sunlight irradiation, perovskite solar cell devices (with an aperture area of ​​0.07 cm²) prepared from the fresh samples, Examples 1 to 11, and Comparative Example 1 perovskite precursor solutions were tested. 2 The current-voltage curve was measured, and the data was acquired using a Keithly 2400 digital source meter to obtain the power conversion efficiency (PCE), as shown in Table 1.

[0108] Table 1

[0109]

[0110] As shown in Table 1 above, compared to Comparative Example 1, in Examples 1 to 4, the current was 0.1A, and the storage aging times were 0.5h, 1h, 1.5h, and 2h, respectively. The perovskite precursor solution treated with the antioxidant device exhibited a smaller relative redshift of the absorption edge, and the solar cells prepared from the perovskite precursor solution treated with the antioxidant device showed higher photoelectric conversion efficiency. In Examples 1 and 5 to 7, the storage aging time was 0.5h, and the currents were 0.05A, 0.2A, and 0.3A, respectively. Under different current values, the antioxidant device could effectively treat the perovskite precursor solution against oxidation. In Example 8, the volume of the perovskite precursor solution was 10mL, indicating that increasing the volume of the perovskite precursor solution still maintained its antioxidant effect. Therefore, the antioxidant device provided in this scheme is suitable for the stable storage of perovskite precursor solutions in air on a large industrial scale. Compared to Example 2, Examples 9, 10 and 11 use a single-layer mesh cathode, a multi-layer mesh cathode and a rotating multi-layer mesh cathode, respectively. By increasing the contact area between the cathode and the perovskite precursor solution and accelerating the ability to provide electrons to the perovskite precursor solution, the perovskite solar cells prepared have higher photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0111] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of this application and are not intended to limit it. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. These modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and all should be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of this utility model. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the various technical features mentioned in the embodiments can be combined in any way. This utility model is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An antioxidant device, characterized in that, The antioxidant device includes: DC power supply; A conductive container, connected to the negative terminal of the DC power supply, is used to contain the solution to be treated; The anode is connected to the positive terminal of the DC power supply; The enclosure is used to contain a conductive medium, and both the conductive container and the anode are inserted into the conductive medium to form a conductive circuit; wherein, a current is applied using the DC power supply to perform antioxidant treatment on the solution to be treated.

2. The antioxidant device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antioxidant device also includes: The cathode is connected to the negative terminal of the DC power supply and is inserted into the solution to be treated.

3. The antioxidant device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The antioxidant device also includes: A first conductive line connects the positive electrode and the anode; The second conductive line includes a first sub-conductive line and a second sub-conductive line. The first sub-conductive line connects the negative electrode to the conductive container, and the second sub-conductive line connects the negative electrode to the cathode.

4. The antioxidant device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cathode includes at least one of a rod-shaped cathode, a single-layer mesh cathode, and a multi-layer mesh cathode.

5. The antioxidant device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The antioxidant device also includes: A driving device, one end of which is connected to the negative electrode and the other end of which is connected to the cathode, is used to drive the cathode to move in the solution to be treated.

6. The antioxidant device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The driving device includes a servo motor, which drives the cathode to rotate in order to move the solution to be treated.

7. The antioxidant device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The antioxidant device also includes: A first protective layer is located on the outer wall of the conductive container and is used to isolate the outer wall of the conductive container from the conductive medium.

8. The antioxidant device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The antioxidant device also includes: The second protective layer is located on the inner wall of the conductive container and is used to isolate the inner wall of the conductive container from the solution to be treated.

9. A solar cell, characterized in that, The solar cell includes: A first electrode layer, a first transport layer, a perovskite layer, a second transport layer, and a second electrode layer are stacked together; wherein the perovskite layer is prepared using a perovskite precursor solution treated with an antioxidant device as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The solar cell according to claim 9, characterized in that, The first transport layer is an electron transport layer and the second transport layer is a hole transport layer; or, the first transport layer is a hole transport layer and the second transport layer is an electron transport layer.

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