Photovoltaic weak current consumption circuit and energy storage system

Abstract

This application provides a photovoltaic low-voltage power consumption circuit and energy storage system, including a voltage divider module, a switch module, a switch control module, and a power consumption module. The switch module is connected to the voltage divider module, the switch control module, and the power consumption module, respectively. The voltage divider module, the switch module, and the switch control module are also used to connect to a photovoltaic input source. The switch module conducts when the voltage of the voltage divider signal output by the voltage divider module is greater than or equal to a first preset voltage, establishing a connection between the photovoltaic input source and the power consumption module. This allows the photovoltaic input source to consume electrical energy through the power consumption module, thereby consuming the low-voltage output from the solar panel and avoiding the energy loss problem caused by the low-voltage power activating the energy storage power supply.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of power protection technology, specifically to a photovoltaic low-voltage consumption circuit and energy storage system. Background Technology

[0002] As the global energy crisis continues to become more prominent, clean energy is gradually becoming one of the important energy sources for mankind. Solar panels absorb sunlight and convert it into electrical energy. After the solar energy of the solar panels is converted into electrical energy, the converted electrical energy needs to be stored in energy storage power sources or power supply equipment.

[0003] Energy storage power supplies typically determine whether to initiate charging by setting a photovoltaic voltage threshold. The charging circuit is activated when the photovoltaic voltage reaches the threshold; otherwise, it is shut down. In photovoltaic energy storage systems, sunlight intensity directly affects the output characteristics of the solar cells. When sunlight is weak (such as at night), the output voltage of the photovoltaic panel may reach the activation threshold of the energy storage power supply, but its output current is very small due to insufficient sunlight, insufficient to sustain the charging process. During this period, the energy storage power supply is on but cannot charge. Since the energy storage power supply itself has a certain standby power consumption, this not only wastes electrical energy but also affects the user experience. Utility Model Content

[0004] This application provides a photovoltaic low-voltage power consumption circuit and energy storage system to consume the low-voltage power output from the solar panel, avoiding the power loss problem caused by the low-voltage power activating the energy storage power supply.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a photovoltaic low-voltage power consumption circuit, comprising: a voltage divider module, a switch module, a switch control module, and a power consumption module. The switch module is connected to the voltage divider module, the switch control module, and the power consumption module, respectively. The voltage divider module, the switch module, and the switch control module are also configured to connect to a photovoltaic input source. The voltage divider module is configured to divide the voltage of the photovoltaic input source and output a voltage divider signal to the switch module. The switch module is configured to conduct when the voltage of the voltage divider signal is greater than or equal to a first preset voltage, establishing a connection between the photovoltaic input source and the power consumption module, allowing the photovoltaic input source to consume electrical energy through the power consumption module. The switch control module is configured to output a control signal to the switch module when the voltage of the photovoltaic input source is greater than or equal to a second preset voltage, wherein the second preset voltage is greater than the first preset voltage. The switch module is further configured to disconnect the connection between the photovoltaic input source and the power consumption module upon receiving the control signal, causing the power consumption module to stop consuming electrical energy from the photovoltaic input source.

[0006] In one or more embodiments, the switching module includes a first switching unit and a second switching unit; the first switching unit is connected to the voltage divider module, a first terminal of the power consumption module, the switch control module, and the photovoltaic input source, respectively; the second switching unit is connected to the voltage divider module, a second terminal of the power consumption module, the switch control module, and ground, respectively; the first switching unit is configured to turn on when the voltage of the voltage divider signal is greater than or equal to a first preset voltage, so as to establish a connection between the photovoltaic input source and the power consumption module; the second switching unit is configured to turn on when the voltage of the voltage divider signal is greater than or equal to a third preset voltage, so as to establish a connection between the power consumption module and ground, wherein the third preset voltage is less than the first preset voltage.

[0007] In one or more embodiments, the first switching unit includes a Zener diode DZ2, a switching transistor Q1, a resistor R2, and a switching transistor Q2; the cathode of the Zener diode DZ2 is connected to the voltage divider module and the switching control module, the anode of the Zener diode DZ2 is connected to the control terminal of the switching transistor Q2, the first terminal of the switching transistor Q2 is connected to the first terminal of the resistor R2, the second terminal of the switching transistor Q2 is grounded, the second terminal of the resistor R2 is connected to the control terminal of the switching transistor Q1, the first terminal of the switching transistor Q1 is connected to the voltage divider module, the switching control module, and the photovoltaic input source, and the second terminal of the switching transistor Q1 is connected to the first terminal of the power consumption module.

[0008] In one or more embodiments, the second switching unit includes a switching transistor Q3; the control terminal of the switching transistor Q3 is connected to the voltage divider module and the switching control module respectively, the first terminal of the switching transistor Q3 is connected to the second terminal of the power consumption module, and the second terminal of the switching transistor Q3 is grounded.

[0009] In one or more embodiments, the photovoltaic low-voltage consumption circuit further includes a unidirectional conduction module; the switch control module, the voltage divider module, and the switch module are all connected to the photovoltaic input source through the unidirectional conduction module; the unidirectional conduction module is configured to conduct when the voltage of the photovoltaic input source is greater than or equal to the conduction voltage of the unidirectional conduction module.

[0010] In one or more embodiments, the switch control module includes a voltage regulator unit, a capacitive unit, and a signal output unit; the voltage regulator unit is connected to the photovoltaic input source, the voltage divider module, the switch module, the capacitive unit, and the signal output unit respectively; the voltage regulator unit is configured to turn on when the voltage of the photovoltaic input source is greater than or equal to a fourth preset voltage, establishing a connection between the photovoltaic input source and the capacitive unit, so that the photovoltaic input source charges the capacitive unit; the signal output unit is configured to output the control signal to the switch module based on the voltage of the capacitive unit, wherein the fourth preset voltage is less than the second preset voltage.

[0011] In one or more embodiments, the voltage regulation unit includes a Zener diode DZ1 and a resistor R3; the cathode of the Zener diode DZ1 is connected to the photovoltaic input source, the voltage divider module and the switching module respectively, the anode of the Zener diode DZ1 is connected to the first end of the resistor R3, and the second end of the resistor R3 is connected to the capacitive unit and the signal output unit respectively.

[0012] In one or more embodiments, the signal output unit includes a resistor R5, a diode D2, and a switch Q4; the first end of the resistor R5 is connected to the voltage regulator unit, the capacitive unit, and the anode of the diode D2, respectively; the cathode of the diode D2 is connected to the control terminal of the switch Q4; the first end of the switch Q4 is connected to the switch module; and the second end of the switch Q4 and the second end of the resistor R5 are grounded.

[0013] In one or more embodiments, the voltage divider module includes resistor R1 and resistor R6; the first end of resistor R1 is connected to the photovoltaic input source, the switch control module and the switch module respectively, the second end of resistor R1 is connected to the switch module and the first end of resistor R6 respectively, and the second end of resistor R6 is grounded.

[0014] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide an energy storage system, the energy storage system comprising: a photovoltaic input source, and a photovoltaic low-voltage consumption circuit as described in any one of the first aspects; the photovoltaic input source is connected to the photovoltaic low-voltage consumption circuit.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows: In the photovoltaic low-voltage power consumption circuit provided in this application embodiment, as the voltage of the photovoltaic input source PV gradually increases from 0, the voltage of the voltage divider signal will also gradually increase. When the voltage of the voltage divider signal is greater than or equal to the first preset voltage, the switching module enters the conducting state, forming a closed loop between the photovoltaic input source, the switching module, and the power consumption module. This allows the power consumption module to consume the electrical energy output by the photovoltaic input source, preventing the energy storage power supply from being mistakenly activated under low-voltage conditions. This solves the problem of power loss caused by the solar panel activating the energy storage power supply under low-voltage conditions but being unable to charge, thus improving the user experience. In addition, when the voltage of the photovoltaic input source continues to rise until it exceeds the second preset voltage, the switching control module will control the switching module to disconnect the above loop, causing the power consumption module to stop consuming the electrical energy of the photovoltaic input source, reducing energy waste. Attached Figure Description

[0016] One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example with reference numerals in the accompanying drawings. These illustrations do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments. Elements with the same reference numerals in the drawings are denoted as similar elements. Unless otherwise stated, the figures in the drawings are not to be limited by scale.

[0017] Figure 1 A structural block diagram of a photovoltaic low-voltage power consumption circuit provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0018] Figure 2 A structural block diagram of another photovoltaic low-voltage consumption circuit provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0019] Figure 3 A structural diagram of a photovoltaic low-voltage power consumption circuit provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0020] Figure 4 A structural block diagram of another photovoltaic low-voltage power consumption circuit provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a structural block diagram of another photovoltaic low-voltage power consumption circuit provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To facilitate understanding of this application, a more detailed description is provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that when an element is described as being "fixed to" another element, it can be directly on the other element, or one or more intermediate elements may exist between them. When an element is described as being "electrically connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element, or one or more intermediate elements may exist between them. The terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," "bottom," etc., used in this specification indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0023] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this specification have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the application. The term "and / or" as used in this specification includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Furthermore, technical features involved in the different embodiments of this application described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0024] Firstly, this application provides a photovoltaic low-voltage power consumption circuit, see reference. Figure 1 The photovoltaic low-voltage power consumption circuit 100 includes: a voltage divider module 10, a switch module 20, a switch control module 30, and a power consumption module 40. The switch module 20 is connected to the voltage divider module 10, the switch control module 30, and the power consumption module 40, respectively. The voltage divider module 10, the switch module 20, and the switch control module 30 are also used to connect to the photovoltaic input source PV.

[0025] The voltage divider module 10 is configured to divide the voltage of the photovoltaic input source PV and output a voltage divider signal to the switch module 20. The switch module 20 is configured to turn on when the voltage of the voltage divider signal is greater than or equal to a first preset voltage, establishing a connection between the photovoltaic input source PV and the power consumption module 40, allowing the photovoltaic input source PV to consume electrical energy through the power consumption module 40. The switch control module 30 is configured to output a control signal to the switch module 20 when the voltage of the photovoltaic input source PV is greater than or equal to a second preset voltage, wherein the second preset voltage is greater than the first preset voltage. The switch module 20 is also configured to disconnect the connection between the photovoltaic input source PV and the power consumption module 40 upon receiving the control signal, causing the power consumption module 40 to stop consuming electrical energy from the photovoltaic input source PV.

[0026] A photovoltaic (PV) input source refers to a device that receives solar energy and converts it into electrical energy. Specifically, the voltage of the PV input source can be output to the energy storage power supply in an energy storage system. When the voltage of the PV input source is greater than or equal to the activation voltage, the energy storage power supply will be activated, enabling the PV input source to charge the energy storage power supply. The activation voltage is the critical voltage at which the PV input source begins to activate and charge the energy storage power supply. The energy storage power supply may include a battery pack, which refers to the energy storage devices within the energy storage power supply. The battery pack can receive and store the electrical energy from the PV input source and can discharge to a load or the power grid when needed.

[0027] Voltage divider module 10 refers to a device that outputs a voltage divider signal based on the voltage of the photovoltaic input source PV, and the voltage of the voltage divider signal is proportional to the voltage input to voltage divider module 10.

[0028] Switching module 20 refers to a switching device that turns on or off based on the magnitude of a voltage divider signal. It turns off when the voltage of the voltage divider signal is greater than or equal to a first preset voltage, and turns off when the voltage of the voltage divider signal is less than the first preset voltage. The first preset voltage can be set according to actual needs, and it only needs to be less than a second preset voltage; the actual value is not limited here.

[0029] The switch control module 30 is a device that outputs a control signal or not, based on the voltage of the photovoltaic input source PV. When the voltage of the photovoltaic input source PV is greater than or equal to a second preset voltage, a control signal is output to the switch module 20; when the voltage of the photovoltaic input source PV is less than the second preset voltage, no control signal is output to the switch module 20. The second preset voltage can be greater than or equal to the activation voltage.

[0030] The power-consuming module 40 refers to a module that consumes electrical energy. It can convert the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic input source PV into other forms of energy (such as heat energy, light energy, etc.) and dissipate it. It may include suitable device types such as resistors.

[0031] In this photovoltaic low-voltage power consumption circuit 100, as the voltage of the photovoltaic input source PV gradually increases from 0, the voltage of the voltage divider signal will also gradually increase. When the voltage of the voltage divider signal is greater than or equal to the first preset voltage, the switching module 20 enters the conducting state, forming a closed loop between the photovoltaic input source PV, the switching module 20, and the power consumption module 40. At this time, the electrical energy output by the photovoltaic input source PV will be consumed by the power consumption module 40. If the current sunlight is weak and the current provided by the photovoltaic input source PV is insufficient to maintain the discharge process of the above-mentioned discharge loop, the output voltage of the photovoltaic input source PV will decrease accordingly, thereby preventing the energy storage power supply from being falsely activated under weak voltage conditions.

[0032] As sunlight intensifies, the voltage of the photovoltaic input source (PV) continuously rises. When the voltage of the PV is greater than or equal to a second preset voltage, the switch control module 30 outputs a control signal to the switch module 20, which then turns off. This disconnects the circuit between the PV, the switch module 20, and the power-consuming module 40, thus cutting off the power consumption path of the PV. The energy from the PV can no longer be consumed by the power-consuming module 40, preventing energy waste caused by its continuous power consumption. During this stage, the output voltage of the photovoltaic panel is greater than or equal to the activation voltage of the energy storage power supply, which is normally activated. At this time, the output current of the photovoltaic panel can meet the charging requirements of the energy storage power supply.

[0033] As can be seen, when the current output by the solar panel is insufficient to charge the energy storage power supply, the photovoltaic low-voltage consumption circuit 100 provided in this application embodiment can actively consume the weak electrical energy, pull down the voltage of the photovoltaic input source PV to below the activation voltage, prevent the energy storage power supply from being mistakenly activated under weak electrical conditions, thereby solving the problem of power loss caused by the solar panel activating the energy storage power supply under weak electrical conditions but being unable to charge it, and improving the user experience.

[0034] In some of these embodiments, see Figure 2 The switching module 20 includes a first switching unit 21 and a second switching unit 22. The first switching unit 21 is connected to the voltage divider module 10, the first terminal of the power consumption module 40, the switch control module 30, and the photovoltaic input source PV, respectively. The second switching unit 22 is connected to the voltage divider module 10, the second terminal of the power consumption module 40, the switch control module 30, and ground GND, respectively. The first switching unit 21 is configured to conduct when the voltage of the voltage divider signal is greater than or equal to a first preset voltage to establish a connection between the photovoltaic input source PV and the power consumption module 40. The second switching unit 22 is configured to conduct when the voltage of the voltage divider signal is greater than or equal to a third preset voltage to establish a connection between the power consumption module 40 and ground GND, wherein the third preset voltage is less than the first preset voltage.

[0035] The first switching unit 21 refers to a switching device that turns on or off based on the magnitude of the voltage divider signal. The first switching unit 21 turns on when the voltage of the voltage divider signal is greater than or equal to a first preset voltage, and turns off when the voltage of the voltage divider signal is less than the first preset voltage. The second switching unit 22 refers to a switching device that turns on or off based on the magnitude of the voltage divider signal. The second switching unit 22 turns on when the voltage of the voltage divider signal is greater than or equal to a third preset voltage, and turns off when the voltage of the voltage divider signal is less than the third preset voltage. The third preset voltage is set according to actual needs, and it only needs to be less than the second preset voltage; the actual value is not limited here.

[0036] In this photovoltaic low-voltage power consumption circuit 100, as the voltage of the photovoltaic input source PV gradually increases from 0, the voltage of the voltage divider signal will also gradually increase. When the voltage of the voltage divider signal is greater than or equal to a third preset voltage, the second switch unit 22 is turned on, establishing a connection between the power consumption module 40 and ground GND. Subsequently, when the voltage of the voltage divider signal is greater than or equal to a first preset voltage, the first switch unit 21 is turned on, establishing a connection between the power consumption module 40 and the photovoltaic input source PV. At this time, the loop between the photovoltaic input source PV, the switch module 20, the power consumption module 40, and ground GND is completed, and the electrical energy of the photovoltaic input source PV will be consumed by the power consumption module 40. When a control signal is received, both the first switch unit 21 and the second switch unit 22 are turned off, disconnecting the loop between the photovoltaic input source PV, the switch module 20, the power consumption module 40, and ground GND, causing the power consumption module 40 to stop consuming power.

[0037] In this embodiment, when the voltage exceeds a first preset voltage, the first switching unit 21 and the second switching unit are turned on, forming a complete power consumption circuit with the photovoltaic input source PV, the first switching unit 21, the power consumption module 40, the second switching unit 22, and ground GND, thus consuming the weak current of the photovoltaic input source PV. Furthermore, by setting two switching units, if one switching unit experiences a short circuit and cannot be turned off by the switching control module, the power consumption circuit can be cut off by the other normal switching unit, improving the reliability of the circuit operation.

[0038] In some of these embodiments, see Figure 2 and Figure 3 The first switching unit 21 includes a Zener diode DZ2, a switching transistor Q1, a resistor R2, and a switching transistor Q2. The cathode of the Zener diode DZ2 is connected to the voltage divider module 10 and the switch control module 30, respectively. The anode of the Zener diode DZ2 is connected to the control terminal of the switching transistor Q2. The first terminal of the switching transistor Q2 is connected to the first terminal of the resistor R2, and the second terminal of the switching transistor Q2 is grounded to GND. The second terminal of the resistor R2 is connected to the control terminal of the switching transistor Q1. The first terminal of the switching transistor Q1 is connected to the voltage divider module 10, the switch control module 30, and the photovoltaic input source PV, respectively. The second terminal of the switching transistor Q1 is connected to the first terminal of the power consumption module 40.

[0039] Zener diode DZ2 has a breakdown voltage. When the cathode voltage of Zener diode DZ2 exceeds the breakdown voltage, Zener diode DZ2 will break down and conduct. Switch Q1 can be a PNP transistor. The first terminal of switch Q1 is the emitter of the PNP transistor, the second terminal is the collector of the PNP transistor, and the control terminal of switch Q1 is the base of the PNP transistor. Switch Q2 can be an NPN transistor. The control terminal of switch Q2 is the base of the NPN transistor, the first terminal is the collector of the NPN transistor, and the second terminal is the emitter of the NPN transistor. Resistor R2 limits the current flowing through switch Q2 when it is conducting, thereby protecting switch Q2.

[0040] In the first switching unit 21, the first preset voltage is equal to the sum of the breakdown voltage of the Zener diode DZ2 and the forward voltage drop of the switching transistor Q2. When the voltage of the photovoltaic input source PV increases from 0 until the voltage of the voltage divider signal is greater than or equal to the first preset voltage, the switching transistor Q2 turns on, and then the switching transistor Q1 turns on. When the cathode voltage (i.e., the voltage at point B) of the Zener diode DZ2 gradually decreases, the switching transistor Q2 turns off, and then the switching transistor Q1 turns off. When the switching transistor Q2 is an NPN transistor, the forward voltage drop of the switching transistor Q2 is the junction voltage drop between the base and emitter of the switching transistor Q2.

[0041] By using the aforementioned device as the first switching unit 21, the connection between the photovoltaic input source PV and the power consumption module 40 can be established based on the magnitude of the voltage divider signal.

[0042] In some of these embodiments, see Figure 3 The second switching unit 22 includes a switching transistor Q3. The control terminal of the switching transistor Q3 is connected to the voltage divider module 10 and the switching control module 30, respectively. The first terminal of the switching transistor Q3 is connected to the second terminal of the power consumption module 40, and the second terminal of the switching transistor Q3 is grounded to GND.

[0043] Specifically, the switch Q3 can be an NMOS transistor. The first terminal of the switch Q3 is the drain of the NMOS transistor, the second terminal of the switch Q3 is the source of the NMOS transistor, and the control terminal of the switch Q3 is the gate of the NMOS transistor.

[0044] In the second switching unit 22, the third preset voltage is equal to the on-state voltage drop of the switching transistor Q3. When the voltage of the photovoltaic input source PV increases from 0, the switching transistor Q3 turns on until the voltage of the voltage divider signal is greater than or equal to the third preset voltage. When the voltage at the control terminal of the switching transistor Q3 (i.e., the voltage at point B) gradually decreases, the switching transistor Q3 turns off.

[0045] By setting the switching transistor Q3 as the second switching unit 22, the connection between the power consumption module 40 and ground GND can be established based on the magnitude of the voltage divider signal.

[0046] In some of these embodiments, see Figure 3 The power-consuming module 40 includes a resistor RT1, one end of which is connected to the first switching unit 21, and the other end of which is connected to the second switching unit 22. Specifically, one end of the resistor RT1 is connected to the second terminal of the switching transistor Q1, and the other end of the resistor RT1 is connected to the first terminal of the switching transistor Q3.

[0047] In this power-consuming module 40, resistor RT1 converts electrical energy into heat energy, which can then be used to consume the electrical energy of the photovoltaic input source PV. Resistor RT1 can be a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) thermistor, whose resistance increases with increasing temperature. In practical applications, the number of resistors included in the power-consuming module 40 can be set according to actual needs, and is not limited to the limitations of this embodiment.

[0048] In some of these embodiments, see Figure 4 The photovoltaic low-voltage power consumption circuit 100 also includes a unidirectional conduction module 50. The switch control module 30, voltage divider module 10 and switch module 20 are all connected to the photovoltaic input source PV through the unidirectional conduction module 50; the unidirectional conduction module 50 is configured to conduct when the voltage of the photovoltaic input source PV is greater than or equal to the conduction voltage of the unidirectional conduction module 50.

[0049] The unidirectional conduction module 50 is a device that restricts the direction of current flow. By setting the unidirectional conduction module 50, current can be prevented from flowing from the photovoltaic low-voltage consumption circuit 100 to the photovoltaic input source PV, thereby protecting the photovoltaic input source PV.

[0050] In some of these embodiments, see Figure 3 The unidirectional conduction module 50 includes a diode D1, the anode of which is connected to the photovoltaic input source PV, and the cathode of which is connected to the switch control module 30, the voltage divider module 10 and the switch module 20.

[0051] In this embodiment, by setting diode D1, current can be prevented from flowing back to the photovoltaic input source PV.

[0052] In some of these embodiments, see Figure 1 and Figure 5The switch control module 30 includes a voltage regulator unit 31, a capacitive unit 32, and a signal output unit 33. The voltage regulator unit 31 is connected to the photovoltaic input source PV, the voltage divider module 10, the switch module 20, the capacitive unit 32, and the signal output unit 33. The voltage regulator unit 31 is configured to turn on when the voltage of the photovoltaic input source PV is greater than or equal to a fourth preset voltage, establishing a connection between the photovoltaic input source PV and the capacitive unit 32, so that the photovoltaic input source PV charges the capacitive unit 32. The signal output unit 33 is configured to output a control signal to the switch module 20 based on the voltage of the capacitive unit 32, wherein the fourth preset voltage is less than the second preset voltage and greater than the first preset voltage.

[0053] The voltage regulator unit 31 has a breakdown voltage. A fourth preset voltage is greater than or equal to the breakdown voltage. When the voltage of the photovoltaic input source PV is greater than or equal to the fourth preset voltage, the voltage regulator unit 31 is broken down and turned on.

[0054] Capacitive unit 32 includes capacitive devices such as capacitors, etc. Figure 3 In the illustrated embodiment, the capacitive unit 32 includes a capacitor C1. The capacitive unit 32 can be charged and discharged, thereby adjusting the voltage of the capacitive unit 32 (i.e., the voltage at point C).

[0055] The signal output unit 33 is a device that determines whether to output a control signal based on the voltage of the capacitive unit 32. It can be implemented using a microcontroller or hardware circuit. It is understood that implementing it with pure hardware circuit can reduce software costs. Specifically, the signal output unit 33 can be configured to output a control signal when the voltage of the capacitive unit 32 reaches a fifth preset voltage, and at this time the voltage of the photovoltaic input source PV reaches a second preset voltage.

[0056] In the switch control module 30, when the voltage of the photovoltaic input source PV gradually rises to the fourth preset voltage, the voltage regulator unit 31 is broken down and turned on. The photovoltaic input source PV charges the capacitive unit 32 through the voltage regulator unit 31, and the voltage of the capacitive unit 32 will rise. When the voltage of the capacitive unit 32 is greater than or equal to the fifth preset voltage, it indicates that the voltage of the current photovoltaic input source PV has reached the second preset voltage. Then, the signal output unit 33 will output a control signal to the switch module 20 to turn off the switch module 20.

[0057] In some of these embodiments, see Figure 3 The voltage regulator unit 31 includes a Zener diode DZ1 and a resistor R3. The cathode of the Zener diode DZ1 is connected to the photovoltaic input source PV, the voltage divider module 10 and the switch module 20, respectively. The anode of the Zener diode DZ1 is connected to the first end of the resistor R3, and the second end of the resistor R3 is connected to the capacitive unit 32 and the signal output unit 33, respectively.

[0058] Zener diode DZ1 has a breakdown voltage, and a fourth preset voltage is greater than or equal to this breakdown voltage. In this voltage regulation unit 31, when the voltage of the photovoltaic input source PV is greater than the fourth preset voltage, Zener diode DZ1 conducts, thereby establishing a connection between the photovoltaic input source PV and the capacitive unit 32 and the signal output unit 33. Resistor R3 limits the current flowing through the voltage regulation unit 31 from the photovoltaic input source PV, thereby protecting the switch control module 30.

[0059] In some of these embodiments, see Figure 3 The signal output unit 33 includes a resistor R5, a diode D2, and a switch Q4. The first end of the resistor R5 is connected to the voltage regulator unit 31, the capacitive unit 32, and the anode of the diode D2. The cathode of the diode D2 is connected to the control terminal of the switch Q4. The first end of the switch Q4 is connected to the switch module 20. The second end of the switch Q4 and the second end of the resistor R5 are grounded to GND.

[0060] The switching transistor Q4 can be an NPN transistor. The first terminal of the switching transistor Q4 is the collector of the NPN transistor, the second terminal of the switching transistor Q4 is the emitter of the NPN transistor, and the control terminal of the switching transistor Q4 is the base of the NPN transistor.

[0061] In the signal output unit 33, the fifth preset voltage is the sum of the forward voltage drop of diode D2 and the forward voltage drop of switch Q4. When the voltage of the photovoltaic input source PV is greater than or equal to the second preset voltage, and the voltage of the capacitive unit 32 is greater than or equal to the fifth preset voltage, switch Q4 is turned on, thereby gradually pulling down the voltage at point B, which outputs a low-level control signal to switch module 20, thereby turning off switch module 20. When switch Q4 is an NPN transistor, the forward voltage drop of switch Q4 is the junction voltage drop between the base and emitter of switch Q4.

[0062] In some of these embodiments, see Figure 3 The voltage divider module 10 includes resistors R1 and R6; the first end of resistor R1 is connected to the photovoltaic input source PV, the switch control module 30 and the switch module 20 respectively, the second end of resistor R1 is connected to the switch module 20 and the first end of resistor R6 respectively, and the second end of resistor R6 is grounded to GND.

[0063] Specifically, the first terminal of resistor R1 is connected to the cathode of diode D1, the first terminal of switching transistor Q1, and the cathode of Zener diode DZ1, respectively. The second terminal of resistor R1 is connected to the cathode of Zener diode DZ2, the first terminal of switching transistor Q4, and the first terminal of resistor R6, respectively. In this voltage divider module 10, resistors R1 and R6 divide the voltage of the photovoltaic input source PV, and output the divided voltage signal to the switching module 20 through the first terminal of resistor R6. It can be understood that the voltage ratio between the photovoltaic input source PV and the divided voltage signal is related to the resistance values ​​of each resistor in the voltage divider module 10, and the specific relationship can be found in existing technology.

[0064] The following is combined Figure 3 The embodiments shown illustrate in detail the specific working process of the low-voltage power consumption circuit provided in this application.

[0065] As the voltage of the photovoltaic input source PV gradually increases from 0, the voltage division between resistors R1 and R6 also gradually increases, meaning the voltage of the voltage divider signal gradually increases. When the voltage of the voltage divider signal is greater than or equal to the third preset voltage (the forward voltage drop of switch Q3), switch Q3 turns on. Subsequently, when the voltage of the voltage divider signal is greater than or equal to the first preset voltage (the sum of the breakdown voltage of Zener diode DZ2 and the forward voltage drop of switch Q2), switch Q2 turns on, followed by switch Q1. This forms a closed loop between the photovoltaic input source PV, switch Q1, resistor RT1, switch Q3, and ground GND. At this point, the electrical energy output by the photovoltaic input source PV will be consumed by resistor RT1. If the current sunlight is weak, the current provided by the photovoltaic input source PV may not be sufficient to maintain the discharge process of the closed loop. Therefore, the output voltage of the photovoltaic input source PV will decrease accordingly, thus avoiding activation of the energy storage power supply. As the light intensity gradually increases, when the current provided by the photovoltaic input source PV is sufficient to stably discharge through the aforementioned closed loop, the voltage of the photovoltaic input source PV will gradually increase. When the cathode voltage of the Zener diode DZ1 (i.e., the voltage at point A) is greater than the breakdown voltage of the Zener diode DZ1, the photovoltaic input source PV will charge the capacitor C1, and the voltage at point C will gradually increase until the voltage at point C is greater than or equal to the fifth preset voltage (the sum of the forward voltage drop of diode D2 and the forward voltage drop of switch Q4), that is, when the voltage of the photovoltaic input source PV is greater than or equal to the second preset voltage, switch Q4 will turn on and gradually pull down the voltage at point B, causing switch Q2 and switch Q3 to turn off. Subsequently, switch Q1 will turn off, breaking the loop formed between the photovoltaic input source PV, switch Q1, resistor RT1, switch Q3, and ground GND. The electrical energy of the photovoltaic input source PV can no longer be consumed by the power consumption module 40, avoiding energy waste caused by the continuous power consumption of the power consumption module 40. In addition, if the switching transistor Q3 fails and short-circuits, when the voltage of the photovoltaic input source PV reaches the second preset voltage, the voltage at point B can be gradually lowered, causing the switching transistors Q2 and Q1 to turn off, thereby avoiding continuous power consumption and improving the reliability of the circuit operation.

[0066] As can be seen, when the current output by the solar panel is insufficient to charge the energy storage power supply, the photovoltaic low-voltage consumption circuit 100 provided in this application embodiment can actively consume the weak electrical energy, pull down the voltage of the photovoltaic input source PV to below the activation voltage, prevent the energy storage power supply from being mistakenly activated under weak electrical conditions, thereby solving the problem of power loss caused by the solar panel activating the energy storage power supply under weak electrical conditions but being unable to charge it, and improving the user experience.

[0067] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide an energy storage system, which includes: a photovoltaic input source PV, and a photovoltaic low-voltage consumption circuit 100 as described in any of the first aspects; the photovoltaic input source PV is connected to the photovoltaic low-voltage consumption circuit 100.

[0068] In this embodiment, the photovoltaic low-voltage power consumption circuit 100 has the same structure and function as the photovoltaic low-voltage power consumption circuit 100 described in any one of the first aspects, and will not be repeated here.

[0069] It should be noted that the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0070] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and not to limit them; under the concept of this application, the technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of different aspects of this application as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity; although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic low-voltage power consumption circuit, characterized in that, include: Voltage divider module, switch module, switch control module and power consumption module; The switching module is connected to the voltage divider module, the switch control module, and the power consumption module respectively. The voltage divider module, the switching module, and the switch control module are also used to connect to a photovoltaic input source. The voltage divider module is configured to divide the voltage of the photovoltaic input source and output a voltage divider signal to the switching module; The switching module is configured to turn on when the voltage of the voltage divider signal is greater than or equal to a first preset voltage, thereby establishing a connection between the photovoltaic input source and the power consumption module, so that the photovoltaic input source consumes electrical energy through the power consumption module. The switch control module is configured to output a control signal to the switch module when the voltage of the photovoltaic input source is greater than or equal to a second preset voltage, wherein the second preset voltage is greater than the first preset voltage; The switching module is also configured to disconnect the connection between the photovoltaic input source and the power-consuming module when it receives the control signal, so that the power-consuming module stops consuming the power of the photovoltaic input source.

2. The photovoltaic low-voltage power consumption circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switching module includes a first switching unit and a second switching unit; The first switching unit is connected to the voltage divider module, the first terminal of the power consumption module, the switch control module, and the photovoltaic input source, respectively; the second switching unit is connected to the second terminal of the voltage divider module, the power consumption module, the switch control module, and ground, respectively. The first switching unit is configured to turn on when the voltage of the voltage divider signal is greater than or equal to the first preset voltage, so as to establish a connection between the photovoltaic input source and the power consumption module; The second switching unit is configured to turn on when the voltage of the voltage divider signal is greater than or equal to a third preset voltage, so as to establish a connection between the power-consuming module and ground, wherein the third preset voltage is less than the first preset voltage.

3. The photovoltaic low-voltage power consumption circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first switching unit includes a Zener diode DZ2, a switching transistor Q1, a resistor R2, and a switching transistor Q2; The cathode of the Zener diode DZ2 is connected to the voltage divider module and the switch control module, respectively. The anode of the Zener diode DZ2 is connected to the control terminal of the switch Q2. The first terminal of the switch Q2 is connected to the first terminal of the resistor R2. The second terminal of the switch Q2 is grounded. The second terminal of the resistor R2 is connected to the control terminal of the switch Q1. The first terminal of the switch Q1 is connected to the voltage divider module, the switch control module and the photovoltaic input source, respectively. The second terminal of the switch Q1 is connected to the first terminal of the power consumption module.

4. The photovoltaic low-voltage power consumption circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second switching unit includes a switching transistor Q3; The control terminal of the switching transistor Q3 is connected to the voltage divider module and the switch control module respectively. The first terminal of the switching transistor Q3 is connected to the second terminal of the power consumption module, and the second terminal of the switching transistor Q3 is grounded.

5. The photovoltaic low-voltage power consumption circuit according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The photovoltaic low-voltage consumption circuit also includes a unidirectional conduction module; The switch control module, the voltage divider module, and the switch module are all connected to the photovoltaic input source through the unidirectional conduction module; The unidirectional conduction module is configured to conduct when the voltage of the photovoltaic input source is greater than or equal to the conduction voltage of the unidirectional conduction module.

6. The photovoltaic low-voltage power consumption circuit according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The switching control module includes a voltage regulator unit, a capacitive unit, and a signal output unit; The voltage regulator unit is connected to the photovoltaic input source, the voltage divider module, the switching module, the capacitive unit, and the signal output unit, respectively. The voltage regulator unit is configured to turn on when the voltage of the photovoltaic input source is greater than or equal to a fourth preset voltage, thereby establishing a connection between the photovoltaic input source and the capacitive unit, and enabling the photovoltaic input source to charge the capacitive unit. The signal output unit is configured to output the control signal to the switching module based on the voltage of the capacitive unit, wherein the fourth preset voltage is less than the second preset voltage.

7. The photovoltaic low-voltage power consumption circuit according to claim 6, characterized in that, The voltage regulator unit includes a Zener diode DZ1 and a resistor R3; The cathode of the Zener diode DZ1 is connected to the photovoltaic input source, the voltage divider module, and the switching module, respectively. The anode of the Zener diode DZ1 is connected to the first end of the resistor R3, and the second end of the resistor R3 is connected to the capacitive unit and the signal output unit, respectively.

8. The photovoltaic low-voltage power consumption circuit according to claim 6, characterized in that, The signal output unit includes a resistor R5, a diode D2, and a switching transistor Q4; The first end of the resistor R5 is connected to the voltage regulator unit, the capacitive unit and the anode of the diode D2 respectively. The cathode of the diode D2 is connected to the control terminal of the switch Q4. The first end of the switch Q4 is connected to the switch module. The second end of the switch Q4 and the second end of the resistor R5 are grounded.

9. The photovoltaic low-voltage power consumption circuit according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The voltage divider module includes resistors R1 and R6; The first end of resistor R1 is connected to the photovoltaic input source, the switch control module, and the switch module, respectively. The second end of resistor R1 is connected to the switch module and the first end of resistor R6, respectively. The second end of resistor R6 is grounded.

10. An energy storage system, characterized in that, The energy storage system includes: a photovoltaic input source, and a photovoltaic low-voltage consumption circuit as described in any one of claims 1-9; The photovoltaic input source is connected to the photovoltaic low-voltage consumption circuit.

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