A precision turning jig

Abstract

The utility model relates to turning fixture technical field discloses a precision turning fixture, including chuck, the inside of chuck is provided with cavity, the rear end middle part of chuck is fixedly connected with motor, the output of motor penetrates chuck and is fixedly connected with carousel, the front end of carousel is provided with a plurality of sliding slot, a plurality of the inside of sliding slot all are connected with slide column slidingly, a plurality of the front end of slide column all are fixedly connected with fixed block, the front end of chuck is provided with a plurality of limit slot. In the utility model, through the circumferential rotation of carousel, make slide column carry out linear motion under the limiting action of limit slot, three slide shells can form the clamping effect to work piece, when the work piece asymmetry leads to certain slide shell clamping stress to be big, through pressure sensor and prompt, screw the threaded rod, adjust the extension of slide shell, realize the equalization of clamping force, eliminate the axis line inclination of asymmetrical work piece, can satisfy the demand of user.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of turning fixture technology, and in particular to a precision turning fixture. Background Technology

[0002] Turning is a metal processing technique belonging to subtractive manufacturing technology. On a lathe, the rotational motion of the workpiece and the linear or curvilinear motion of the cutting tool are used to change the shape and size of the blank, and process it into a part that meets the design requirements. Turning has a wide range of applications in the fields of machinery manufacturing, automobile manufacturing and aerospace.

[0003] As industrial production demands increasing precision and efficiency in parts machining, relying solely on manual workpiece clamping for turning is insufficient to meet the needs of large-scale and high-quality production. Therefore, turning fixtures are required to shorten workpiece clamping time and maintain precision through the function of quick clamping and unclamping.

[0004] Early precision turning fixtures mainly consisted of rigid fixtures, manually adjustable locating pins, and screw-type clamping mechanisms. The fixture served as the basic frame, providing an installation reference for the workpiece. The locating pins were manually calibrated to determine the workpiece position, while the screw-type clamping mechanism applied clamping force by manual tightening. Because manual alignment of the locating pins was time-consuming and labor-intensive, and influenced by the operator's experience, it could lead to a misalignment between the workpiece axis and the spindle rotation center, resulting in coaxiality deviations after machining. To solve these problems, existing technology uses a three-jaw self-centering chuck with a linkage mechanism to achieve synchronous radial movement of the three jaws, automatically centering regular circular workpieces using geometric symmetry. However, in actual use, because the centering principle of the three-jaw chuck relies on the geometric symmetry of the workpiece's outer circle, the synchronous movement of the jaws cannot compensate for eccentric deviations when facing asymmetrical workpieces. This results in tilting of the asymmetrical workpiece axis, causing machining errors and failing to meet user needs. Utility Model Content

[0005] To overcome the above shortcomings, this utility model provides a precision turning fixture, which aims to improve the problem in the prior art where the synchronous movement of the chuck cannot compensate for the eccentric deviation when facing asymmetrical workpieces, resulting in the tilting of the asymmetrical workpiece axis and the occurrence of machining errors.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: 1. A precision turning fixture, comprising a chuck, wherein a cavity is provided inside the chuck, a motor is fixedly connected to the middle of the rear end of the chuck, the output end of the motor passes through the chuck and is fixedly connected to a turntable, a plurality of sliding grooves are provided at the front end of the turntable, a sliding column is slidably connected inside the plurality of sliding grooves, a fixing block is fixedly connected to the front end of the plurality of sliding columns, a plurality of limiting grooves are provided at the front end of the chuck, the front side of the outer wall of the plurality of sliding columns is slidably connected to the corresponding limiting groove, a threaded rod is rotatably connected to one end of the plurality of fixing blocks, a sliding shell is threadedly connected to one side of the outer wall of the plurality of threaded rods, a pressure sensor is provided at one end of the plurality of sliding shells, and a shock-absorbing mechanism is provided at the rear side of the chuck, the shock-absorbing mechanism being used to reduce the vibration of the chuck by the machine tool.

[0007] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0008] The shock absorption mechanism includes a fixed ring, which is fixedly connected to the rear side of the chuck. A shock absorption ring is fixedly connected to the inner side of the fixed ring. A fixed ring is fixedly connected to the rear end of the chuck. Multiple springs are fixedly connected to the rear end of the fixed ring. The rear ends of the multiple springs are fixedly connected to the same buffer ring.

[0009] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0010] One end of each of the multiple threaded rods is fixedly connected to an internal hexagonal cylindrical head, and the outer sides of the multiple fixed blocks are respectively slidably connected to the inner side of the corresponding sliding shell.

[0011] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0012] Each of the multiple sliding shells has a clamping claw fixedly connected to one side, and each of the multiple clamping claws has an anti-slip groove at one end.

[0013] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0014] The chuck has multiple mounting holes on its front side, and the fixing ring has multiple sliding holes on its front side. The positions of the multiple mounting holes correspond to the corresponding sliding holes.

[0015] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0016] Bolts are slidably connected to the inner sides of the multiple mounting holes and sliding holes, and washers are provided on the front side of the outer wall of the multiple bolts.

[0017] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0018] The chuck has a threaded hole at the top, and a hook is threaded onto the inner side of the threaded hole.

[0019] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0020] The inner diameter of the shock-absorbing ring matches the outer diameter of the buffer ring, and the outer side of the buffer ring is slidably connected to the inner side of the shock-absorbing ring.

[0021] This utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. In this utility model, when the device needs to clamp the workpiece by means of a chuck, the circumferential rotation of the turntable causes the sliding column to move linearly under the limiting action of the limiting groove. The three sliding shells can then clamp the workpiece. When the workpiece is asymmetrical, causing the clamping force of a certain sliding shell to be too large, a pressure sensor will provide a prompt, and the threaded rod will be turned to adjust the extension of the sliding shell, thereby achieving balanced clamping force and eliminating the tilt of the asymmetrical workpiece axis, which can meet the needs of the user.

[0023] 2. In this utility model, the machine tool experiences high-frequency vibration during the turning process. The vibration generated by the machine tool is transmitted to the spring by the buffer ring to dissipate the axial force. The buffer ring slides inside the damping ring. While sliding, it can transmit the radial force it bears to the damping ring, which absorbs and dissipates the force. This ensures the workpiece positioning accuracy while effectively improving the machining stability. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of a precision turning fixture proposed in this utility model;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a front view of a precision turning fixture proposed in this utility model;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a rear view of a precision turning fixture proposed in this utility model;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a partial structural cross-sectional view of a precision turning fixture proposed in this utility model;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a partial structural cross-sectional view of a precision turning fixture proposed in this utility model.

[0029] Legend:

[0030] 1. Chuck; 2. Shock absorption mechanism; 201. Fixing ring; 202. Shock absorption ring; 203. Fixing ring; 204. Spring; 205. Buffer ring; 3. Cavity; 4. Motor; 5. Turntable; 6. Slide groove; 7. Slide column; 8. Fixing block; 9. Limiting groove; 10. Threaded rod; 11. Sliding shell; 12. Pressure sensor; 13. Socket head; 14. Gripper; 15. Anti-slip groove; 16. Mounting hole; 17. Bolt; 18. Washer; 19. Threaded hole; 20. Hook; 21. Slide hole. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0032] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 This utility model provides an embodiment of a precision turning fixture, including a chuck 1. The chuck 1 has an internal cavity 3, which provides the mounting position for a turntable 5. A motor 4 is fixedly connected to the middle of the rear end of the chuck 1. The output end of the motor 4 passes through the chuck 1 and is fixedly connected to the turntable 5. Rotation of the output end of the motor 4 causes the turntable 5 to rotate. Multiple sliding grooves 6 are provided at the front end of the turntable 5. Sliding columns 7 are slidably connected inside each of the multiple sliding grooves 6. When the turntable 5 rotates, the sliding columns 7 move along with it through the sliding grooves 6. Fixing blocks 8 are fixedly connected to the front ends of each of the multiple sliding columns 7. Multiple limiting grooves 9 are provided at the front end of the chuck 1. The front sides of the outer walls of the multiple sliding columns 7 respectively correspond to the limiting grooves 9. The sliding connection allows the sliding column 7 to move through the sliding groove 6 and be limited by the limiting groove 9, so that the sliding column 7 can only move in a straight line. The three sliding columns 7 can move closer to each other and further away from each other as the turntable 5 rotates. One end of each of the multiple fixed blocks 8 is rotatably connected to a threaded rod 10. One side of the outer wall of each of the multiple threaded rods 10 is threadedly connected to a sliding shell 11. The sliding shell 11 can be moved by rotating the threaded rod 10. One end of each of the multiple sliding shells 11 is provided with a pressure sensor 12. One end of each of the multiple threaded rods 10 is fixedly connected to an internal hexagonal cylindrical head 13. The internal hexagonal cylindrical head 13 can be used to more easily turn the threaded rod 10. The outer side of each of the multiple fixed blocks 8 is slidably connected to the inner side of the corresponding sliding shell 11.

[0033] Specifically, when using this device, the workpiece is first fixed by the chuck 1. Then, the motor 4 is started, and the output end of the motor 4 rotates, driving the turntable 5 to rotate as well. The slide groove 6 on the turntable 5 rotates accordingly, and the slide column 7 begins to slide along the slide groove 6. Since the front side of the outer wall of the slide column 7 also slides in the limiting groove 9, the circumferential rotation of the turntable 5 causes the slide column 7 to move linearly under the constraint of the limiting groove 9. While the slide column 7 is moving linearly, it pushes the fixing block 8 and the sliding shell 11 to move together. The three sliding shells 11 can move towards the center synchronously, applying a clamping force to the workpiece. If the workpiece is asymmetrical, the clamping force of one of the sliding shells 11 will be too large, and the pressure sensor 12 will issue a warning. The operator then uses the internal hexagonal head 13 to turn the threaded rod 10, causing the threaded rod 10 to rotate and finely adjust the position of the sliding shell 11. In this way, the extension of the sliding shell 11 can be adjusted to an appropriate size, realizing closed-loop force control, ensuring balanced clamping force, and thus eliminating the cause of tilting.

[0034] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 The damping mechanism 2 includes a fixed ring 201, which is fixedly connected to the rear side of the chuck 1. A damping ring 202 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the fixed ring 201. The damping ring 202 can absorb radial force by contacting the machine tool through a buffer ring 205. A fixed ring 203 is fixedly connected to the rear end of the chuck 1. The fixed ring 203 is used to connect the spring 204 to the chuck 1. Multiple springs 204 are fixedly connected to the rear end of the fixed ring 203. The same buffer ring 205 is fixedly connected to the rear end of the multiple springs 204. The buffer ring 205 can transmit axial force to the springs 204. The inner diameter of the damping ring 202 matches the outer diameter of the buffer ring 205. The outer side of the buffer ring 205 is slidably connected to the inner side of the damping ring 202.

[0035] Specifically, during the turning process, the machine tool will experience high-frequency vibrations. The damping mechanism 2 is connected to the spring 204 via the fixed ring 203. The spring 204 is then connected to the buffer ring 205, which is in direct contact with the machine tool and is responsible for receiving the vibrations generated by the machine tool. The vibrations are transmitted to the spring 204 through the buffer ring 205, which can effectively dissipate the axial force. At the same time, the buffer ring 205 slides inside the damping ring 202, transmitting the radial force it bears to the damping ring 202, which absorbs and dissipates the force, ensuring the positioning accuracy of the workpiece and effectively improving the stability of the machining process.

[0036] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4Each of the multiple sliding shells 11 has a clamping jaw 14 fixedly connected to one side. The clamping jaw 14 is used to clamp the workpiece and provide a more stable clamping force. Each of the multiple clamping jaws 14 has an anti-slip groove 15 at one end. The top of the chuck 1 has a threaded hole 19. The inner side of the threaded hole 19 is threaded with a hook 20. When the chuck 1 is installed, the hook 20 provides axial tension.

[0037] Specifically, the three jaws 14 move radially synchronously through the turntable 5 inside the chuck 1, ensuring that the workpiece axis coincides with the rotation center of the chuck 1, and can accommodate workpieces of different diameters. The anti-slip groove 15 changes the clamping force from surface contact to multi-point contact, reducing local pressure and avoiding indentations on soft material surfaces. Each step of the stepped jaws 14 corresponds to a different diameter range, and can be flexibly adjusted without replacing the jaws 14. The threaded hole 19 is used to connect the hook 20. When installing or removing the chuck 1, the hook 20 is used to connect to a crane or lifting device to avoid the risks of manual handling.

[0038] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 The front side of the chuck 1 has multiple mounting holes 16, and the front side of the fixing ring 201 has multiple sliding holes 21. The positions of the multiple mounting holes 16 correspond to the corresponding sliding holes 21. Bolts 17 are slidably connected to the inner sides of the multiple mounting holes 16 and the sliding holes 21. The bolts 17 pass through the mounting holes 16 and the sliding holes 21 in sequence. Washers 18 are provided on the front side of the outer wall of the multiple bolts 17. The washers 18 can increase the contact surface and disperse the pressure.

[0039] Specifically, the evenly distributed mounting holes 16 correspond to the sliding holes 21. The bolts 17 pass through the mounting holes 16 and the sliding holes 21 in sequence and are connected to the machine tool. The preload force makes the chuck 1 fit tightly against the end face of the machine tool. The shims 18 prevent the bolt heads from pressing on the surface of the chuck 1, which could cause local damage.

[0040] Working principle: When the device needs to clamp the workpiece through the chuck 1, the motor 4 is started, and the output end of the motor 4 rotates, driving the turntable 5 to rotate together. As the turntable 5 rotates, the sliding column 7 inside the sliding groove 6 of the turntable 5 will start to slide along the sliding groove 6. Since the front side of the outer wall of the sliding column 7 also slides in the limiting groove 9, the circumferential rotation of the turntable 5 makes the sliding column 7 move linearly under the limiting action of the limiting groove 9. While the sliding column 7 is moving linearly, it drives the fixed block 8 and the sliding shell 11 to move together. At this time, the three sliding shells 11 can move towards the center together to form a clamping effect on the workpiece. When the workpiece is asymmetrical, causing the clamping force of a certain sliding shell 11 to be too large, the pressure sensor 12 on one side of the sliding shell 11 will give a prompt. The operator will then turn the threaded rod 10 through the internal hexagonal cylindrical head 13 to rotate the threaded rod 10 and drive the sliding shell 11 to move and fine adjust it, so that the extension of the sliding shell 11 is adjusted to a suitable size. The clamping force is balanced through force closed-loop control, eliminating the cause of tilting.

[0041] Furthermore, the machine tool experiences high-frequency vibrations during the turning process. The damping mechanism 2 connects to the spring 204 via the fixed ring 203, and then to the buffer ring 205 via the spring 204. The buffer ring 205 is responsible for contacting the machine tool, and the vibrations generated by the machine tool are transmitted to the spring 204 via the buffer ring 205. The spring 204 can effectively dissipate the axial force. The buffer ring 205 slides inside the damping ring 202, and while sliding, it can transmit the radial force it bears to the damping ring 202, which absorbs and dissipates the vibration, ensuring the workpiece positioning accuracy while effectively improving the machining stability.

[0042] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Although the present utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A precision turning fixture, comprising a chuck (1), characterized in that: The chuck (1) has a cavity (3) inside. A motor (4) is fixedly connected to the middle of the rear end of the chuck (1). The output end of the motor (4) passes through the chuck (1) and is fixedly connected to a turntable (5). The front end of the turntable (5) has multiple sliding grooves (6). Each of the multiple sliding grooves (6) has a sliding column (7) slidably connected inside. The front end of each of the multiple sliding columns (7) is fixedly connected to a fixing block (8). The front end of the chuck (1) has multiple limiting grooves (9). The outer walls of the multiple sliding columns (7) are slidably connected to the corresponding limiting grooves (9). One end of each of the multiple fixing blocks (8) is rotatably connected to a threaded rod (10). One side of the outer wall of each of the multiple threaded rods (10) is threadedly connected to a sliding shell (11). One end of each of the multiple sliding shells (11) is provided with a pressure sensor (12). A shock-absorbing mechanism (2) is provided on the rear side of the chuck (1). The shock-absorbing mechanism (2) is used to reduce the vibration of the machine tool on the chuck (1).

2. The precision turning fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shock absorption mechanism (2) includes a fixed ring (201), which is fixedly connected to the rear side of the chuck (1). A shock absorption ring (202) is fixedly connected to the inner side of the fixed ring (201). A fixed ring (203) is fixedly connected to the rear end of the chuck (1). A plurality of springs (204) are fixedly connected to the rear end of the fixed ring (203). The rear ends of the plurality of springs (204) are fixedly connected to the same buffer ring (205).

3. The precision turning fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of each of the multiple threaded rods (10) is fixedly connected to an internal hexagonal cylindrical head (13), and the outer side of each of the multiple fixed blocks (8) is slidably connected to the inner side of the corresponding sliding shell (11).

4. A precision turning fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the multiple sliding shells (11) is fixedly connected to a claw (14) on one side, and an anti-slip groove (15) is provided at one end of each of the multiple claws (14).

5. A precision turning fixture according to claim 2, characterized in that: The chuck (1) has multiple mounting holes (16) on its front side, and the fixing ring (201) has multiple sliding holes (21) on its front side. The positions of the multiple mounting holes (16) correspond to the corresponding sliding holes (21).

6. A precision turning fixture according to claim 5, characterized in that: Bolts (17) are slidably connected to the inner sides of the multiple mounting holes (16) and sliding holes (21), and washers (18) are provided on the front side of the outer wall of the multiple bolts (17).

7. A precision turning fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chuck (1) has a threaded hole (19) on its top, and a hook (20) is threaded to the inside of the threaded hole (19).

8. A precision turning fixture according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner diameter of the shock-absorbing ring (202) matches the outer diameter of the buffer ring (205), and the outer side of the buffer ring (205) is slidably connected to the inner side of the shock-absorbing ring (202).

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