Composite mandrel anti-reverse mechanism

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of mandrel, disclose composite mandrel anti -reversal mechanism, including core stem and shell, the outside fixed connection of core stem has two ratchets, the inside of shell is provided with two limit slots, the outside size of two ratchets and the inside size of two limit slots match, the inside front and back end of two limit slots all are provided with installation room, the inside of multiple installation rooms all are fixedly connected with tension spring, the inside of multiple installation rooms all are fixedly connected with fixed axle rod, the outside of multiple fixed axle rod all are rotatably connected with pawl. In the utility model, through the core stem drive ratchet rotates in the limit slot, pawl with the effect of tension spring, when the ratchet reverses, and the effect that realizes reliable anti -reversal protection and stable installation is realized, accurate anti -reversal mechanism avoids the equipment to be damaged because of accidental reversal, guarantees safe operation, makes the whole anti -reversal function to be able to continuously, effectively play.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of mandrel technology, and in particular to a composite mandrel anti-reverse mechanism. Background Technology

[0002] The composite mandrel anti-reverse mechanism is a device used in various mechanical equipment to prevent the mandrel from reversing during operation. In the lifting system of cranes, the drive device of escalators, and some precision machining equipment, the stable unidirectional operation of the mandrel is crucial. Once the mandrel reverses, it will cause equipment failure, damage to products, and even endanger the safety of operators.

[0003] With technological advancements, electronic monitoring devices have been introduced to assist in monitoring the spindle's operating status, further improving the reliability of anti-reverse operation. However, due to the continuous and complex vibrations generated during equipment operation, the sensor components in the electronic monitoring device monitor the spindle's operating status by sensing these vibrations. During normal operation, these sensors convert the vibration signals into electrical signals and transmit them to the control system. When the vibrations generated by the equipment are severe, the vibration signals received by the sensors become complex. These noise signals interfere with the sensors' judgment of the spindle's true operating status, causing the sensors to output incorrect electrical signals to the control system. Based on these erroneous signals, the control system makes misjudgments, triggering unnecessary braking or alarm measures. This not only affects the normal production efficiency of the equipment, but frequent misoperations also cause additional wear and damage to other components, increasing maintenance costs and downtime. Utility Model Content

[0004] To overcome the above shortcomings, this utility model provides a composite mandrel anti-reverse mechanism, which aims to improve the problem that when the vibration generated by the operation of the equipment in the prior art is relatively severe, it will interfere with the sensor's judgment of the true operating state of the mandrel, thus leading to misjudgment.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model adopts the following technical solution: a composite spindle anti-reverse mechanism, comprising a core rod and a housing. Two ratchet wheels are fixedly connected to the outside of the core rod. Two limiting grooves are opened on the inner side of the housing. The external dimensions of the two ratchet wheels match the internal dimensions of the two limiting grooves. Mounting chambers are provided at the front and rear ends of the inner sides of the two limiting grooves. Tension springs are fixedly connected to the inner sides of multiple mounting chambers. Fixed shafts are fixedly connected to the inside of multiple mounting chambers. Pawls are rotatably connected to the outside of multiple fixed shafts. Adjacent ends of multiple tension springs are respectively fixedly connected to the outside of multiple pawls. A mounting plate is fixedly connected to the rear side of the housing. A lubrication mechanism is provided inside the housing.

[0006] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0007] The lubrication mechanism includes a grease nipple, which is fixedly connected to the front side of the housing. An oil injection chamber is provided inside the front side of the housing. A sealing spring is fixedly connected inside the oil injection chamber. A sealing steel ball is fixedly connected to the front end of the sealing spring. The external dimensions of the sealing steel ball are larger than the internal dimensions of the grease nipple. A flow distribution groove is connected to the top of the inner side of the oil injection chamber. Multiple flow guide grooves are provided inside the housing. The flow distribution grooves are connected to the multiple flow guide grooves. Multiple injection ports are equidistantly connected to the inner sides of the multiple flow guide grooves. The multiple injection ports are respectively equidistantly located inside two limiting grooves.

[0008] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0009] The mounting plate has multiple tapered holes around its front side, and mounting screws pass through the interior of each tapered hole.

[0010] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0011] The front ends of the plurality of mounting screws are all tapered, and the internal dimensions of the plurality of tapered holes are matched with the front end dimensions of the plurality of mounting screws.

[0012] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0013] Each of the four corners on the front side of the mounting plate is fixedly connected to a support side plate, and all of the support side plates adopt a triangular design.

[0014] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0015] Multiple rubber pads are fixedly connected to the rear side of the mounting plate, and all of the rubber pads adopt a circular sheet design.

[0016] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0017] Mounting holes are provided on the front and rear sides and the left and right sides of the core rod, and the outer sides of the multiple mounting holes are all chamfered.

[0018] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0019] Both ratchet wheels have a smooth outer design, and the adjacent ends of the multiple pawls are made with a wear-resistant process.

[0020] This utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] 1. In this utility model, the ratchet is driven to rotate in the limiting groove by the core rod. The pawl retracts when the ratchet rotates normally and stops when it reverses, which achieves reliable anti-reverse protection and stable installation. The precise anti-reverse mechanism avoids damage to the equipment due to accidental reversal, ensures safe operation, and allows the entire anti-reverse function to be continuously and effectively performed.

[0022] 2. In this utility model, lubricating grease is injected through a grease nipple. The grease pressure overcomes the elastic force of the sealing spring and pushes open the sealing steel ball to enter the oil injection chamber. After the oil injection stops, the sealing spring pushes the sealing steel ball to block the channel. The grease is injected into the limiting groove from the injection port through the diversion groove and the guide groove, achieving the effect of efficient lubrication and component protection. This ensures that the ratchet and pawl are fully lubricated, reduces friction and wear, and extends the service life of the components. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the composite mandrel anti-reverse mechanism proposed in this utility model;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a rear view of the composite mandrel anti-reverse mechanism proposed in this utility model;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a horizontal sectional view of the outer shell of the composite spindle anti-reverse mechanism proposed in this utility model;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a longitudinal sectional view of the outer shell of the composite spindle anti-reverse mechanism proposed in this utility model;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a structural exploded view of the mounting screw in the composite mandrel anti-reverse mechanism proposed in this utility model.

[0028] Legend:

[0029] 1. Core rod; 2. Lubrication mechanism; 201. Grease nipple; 202. Oil injection chamber; 203. Sealing spring; 204. Sealing steel ball; 205. Diverter groove; 206. Drain groove; 207. Injection port; 3. Housing; 4. Ratchet; 5. Limiting groove; 6. Mounting chamber; 7. Tension spring; 8. Fixed shaft; 9. Pawl; 10. Mounting plate; 11. Tapered hole; 12. Mounting screw; 13. Support side plate; 14. Rubber pad; 15. Mounting hole. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0031] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 An embodiment of this utility model provides a composite spindle anti-reverse mechanism, comprising a core rod 1 and a housing 3. Two ratchet wheels 4 are fixedly connected to the outside of the core rod 1. Two limiting grooves 5 are opened on the inside of the housing 3. The external dimensions of the two ratchet wheels 4 match the internal dimensions of the two limiting grooves 5. Mounting chambers 6 are opened at the front and rear ends of the inner sides of the two limiting grooves 5. Tension springs 7 are fixedly connected to the inner sides of the multiple mounting chambers 6. Fixed shafts 8 are fixedly connected to the inside of the multiple mounting chambers 6. Pads 9 are rotatably connected to the outside of the multiple fixed shafts 8. The adjacent ends of the multiple tension springs 7 are respectively fixedly connected to the outside of the multiple pads 9. A mounting plate 10 is fixedly connected to the rear side of the housing 3. A lubrication mechanism 2 is provided inside the housing 3.

[0032] Specifically, the core rod 1 needs to be connected to the rotating component of the anti-reverse device. When the device is operating normally, the core rod 1 will rotate together with the rotating component. Two ratchet wheels 4 fixedly connected to the outside of the core rod 1 rotate synchronously with the core rod 1. The outer shell 3 of the core rod 1 provides a protective and mounting frame. Two limiting grooves 5 opened on its inner side cooperate with the ratchet wheels 4. Since the external dimensions of the two ratchet wheels 4 match the internal dimensions of the two limiting grooves 5, the ratchet wheels 4 can rotate smoothly within the limiting grooves 5, but are restricted within a certain space, preventing... To prevent axial or radial displacement during rotation, mounting chambers 6 are provided at both the front and rear ends of the inner side of the limiting groove 5. Tension springs 7 are fixedly connected to the inner side of each mounting chamber 6. One end of the tension spring 7 is fixed inside the mounting chamber 6, and the other end is connected to the pawl 9. At the same time, a fixed shaft 8 is fixedly connected inside each mounting chamber 6, providing a fulcrum for the rotation of the pawl 9. The pawl 9 can rotate freely around the fixed shaft 8 within the mounting chamber 6. Meanwhile, the outer sides of the multiple pawls 9 are fixedly connected to the adjacent ends of the multiple tension springs 7. Under the action of tension spring 7, pawl 9 is always subjected to a pressure in the direction of ratchet 4. When the core rod 1 drives ratchet 4 to rotate in the normal direction, the teeth of ratchet 4 will push pawl 9 to rotate around fixed shaft 8, causing pawl 9 to compress tension spring 7 and retract into mounting chamber 6. At this time, pawl 9 will not hinder the normal rotation of ratchet 4, and core rod 1 can smoothly drive the connected equipment parts to operate. However, once core rod 1 shows a tendency to reverse, the teeth of ratchet 4 will contact the tip of pawl 9. Since pawl 9 is tightly pressed against the teeth of ratchet 4 under the action of tension spring 7, pawl 9 cannot be easily pushed as when rotating normally, thus preventing ratchet 4 from reversing, and thus preventing core rod 1 from reversing. This achieves anti-reverse protection for equipment connected to core rod 1, avoiding equipment damage or safety problems caused by accidental reversal. The mounting plate 10 fixedly connected to the rear side of the outer casing 3 is used to install the entire composite core anti-reverse mechanism onto the corresponding equipment, ensuring the stability and reliability of the mechanism during operation, so that the entire anti-reverse mechanism can play an accurate and effective role.

[0033] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4The lubrication mechanism 2 includes a grease nipple 201, which is fixedly connected to the front side of the housing 3. An oil injection chamber 202 is opened on the front side of the housing 3. A sealing spring 203 is fixedly connected inside the oil injection chamber 202. A sealing steel ball 204 is fixedly connected to the front end of the sealing spring 203. The external size of the sealing steel ball 204 is larger than the internal size of the grease nipple 201. A diversion groove 205 is connected to the top of the inner side of the oil injection chamber 202. Multiple drainage grooves 206 are opened inside the housing 3. The diversion grooves 205 are connected to the multiple drainage grooves 206. Multiple injection ports 207 are equidistantly connected to the inner side of the multiple drainage grooves 206. The multiple injection ports 207 are equidistantly opened on the inner side of the two limiting grooves 5.

[0034] Specifically, the grease nipple 201 is fixedly connected to the front side of the housing 3. The grease nipple 201 is the inlet for injecting lubricating grease. When the ratchet 4 needs to be lubricated, an external lubrication device is connected to the grease nipple 201. The lubrication chamber 202, which is opened on the front side inside the housing 3, is a space for storing the freshly injected lubricating grease. The sealing spring 203 is fixedly connected inside the lubrication chamber 202, and the front end of the sealing spring 203 is fixedly connected to the sealing steel ball 204. Under normal circumstances, the sealing steel ball 204 is tightly blocked by the elastic force of the sealing spring 203. The sealing steel ball 204 blocks the channel between the grease nipple 201 and the grease filling chamber 202. Because the external dimensions of the sealing steel ball 204 are larger than the internal dimensions of the grease nipple 201, it effectively prevents lubricating grease from leaking out of the grease nipple 201. When lubricating grease is injected through the grease nipple 201, the pressure generated by the grease overcomes the elasticity of the sealing spring 203, pushing the sealing steel ball 204 backward, allowing the lubricating grease to smoothly enter the grease filling chamber 202. Once the grease injection stops, the sealing spring 203 immediately pushes the sealing steel ball 204 to block the channel again. The channel maintains the grease seal within the oil filling chamber 202. A diversion groove 205 connects to the top inner side of the oil filling chamber 202. The lubricating grease entering the oil filling chamber 202 is diverted through the diversion groove 205. Multiple drainage grooves 206 are provided inside the outer casing 3, and the diversion groove 205 is connected to these drainage grooves 206. The diverted lubricating grease is further guided to each drainage groove 206. Multiple injection ports 207 are equidistantly connected to the inner sides of the drainage grooves 206. These injection ports 207 are equidistantly located at two limits. Inside the groove 5, lubricating grease is precisely injected into the limiting groove 5 through the injection port 207. The limiting groove 5 is the active area of ​​the ratchet 4 and the pawl 9, which allows the lubricating grease to directly act on the contact parts of these components, reducing the coefficient of friction between the components, reducing wear, and extending the service life of the components. At the same time, it ensures that the ratchet 4 rotates more smoothly in the limiting groove 5 and that the pawl 9 interacts with the ratchet 4, ensuring the efficient and stable operation of the entire composite spindle anti-reverse mechanism and giving full play to its anti-reverse function.

[0035] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 The mounting plate 10 has multiple tapered holes 11 around its front perimeter, and mounting screws 12 pass through the interior of each tapered hole 11. The front ends of the mounting screws 12 are tapered, and the internal dimensions of the tapered holes 11 match the front end dimensions of the mounting screws 12. Support side plates 13 are fixedly connected to the four corners of the front of the mounting plate 10, and the support side plates 13 are triangular. Multiple rubber pads 14 are fixedly connected to the rear of the mounting plate 10, and the rubber pads 14 are circular. Mounting holes 15 are provided on the front, rear, left, and right sides of the core rod 1, and the outer sides of the mounting holes 15 are chamfered. The exterior of the two ratchet wheels 4 is rounded, and the adjacent ends of the multiple pawls 9 are made of wear-resistant material.

[0036] Specifically, the mounting plate 10, as a component that secures the entire anti-reverse mechanism to the external device, has multiple tapered holes 11 around its front perimeter. These holes, in conjunction with mounting screws 12, enable installation. Because the front ends of the mounting screws 12 are tapered, and the internal dimensions of the tapered holes 11 match the front end dimensions of the screws 12, during installation, the screws 12 are passed through the tapered holes 11. Guided by their tapered front ends, they are more precisely aligned with the threaded holes on the external device. As the screws 12 are screwed in, their tapered front ends gradually engage with the tapered holes 11, creating a tight connection and ensuring the mounting plate 10 is securely fixed to the external device. The four supporting side plates 13 fixedly connected at the front corners of the mounting plate 10 all adopt a triangular design. Triangles have the structural characteristics of strong stability. These supporting side plates 13 can enhance the structural strength of the mounting plate 10 in the installed state. When the equipment is working, it will be subjected to torque generated by the rotation of the core rod 1 and vibration from external equipment. The supporting side plates 13 can effectively disperse these forces and prevent the mounting plate 10 from deforming or loosening due to stress, further ensuring the firmness of the mechanism installation. The multiple rubber pads 14 fixedly connected to the rear side of the mounting plate 10 adopt a circular sheet design. Due to the good elasticity and shock absorption performance of the rubber pads 14, after the mechanism is installed on the external equipment, the rubber pads 14 are located on the mounting plate. The mounting plate 10 acts as a buffer between the mounting plate and external equipment. On the one hand, it reduces the energy transmitted to the anti-reverse mechanism due to equipment vibration, preventing damage to the mechanism components due to vibration. On the other hand, it prevents direct rigid contact between the mounting plate 10 and external equipment, avoiding wear on the equipment surface or noise generation, thus improving the stability and quietness of the mechanism's operation. The core rod 1, as the rotating component of the mechanism, has mounting holes 15 on its front, rear, left, and right sides for connecting with other equipment components to achieve power transmission or reception. The chamfered design on the outer side of the multiple mounting holes 15 can guide the connection of other components, facilitating the installation of connectors and reducing damage to the edges of the mounting holes 15 during installation. To reduce damage and improve the ease and reliability of installation, both ratchet wheels 4 have a smooth outer design, which reduces the frictional resistance between the ratchet wheel 4 and the inner wall of the limiting groove 5 during rotation, making the ratchet wheel 4 rotate more smoothly, reducing energy loss, improving the operating efficiency of the mechanism, and also helping to extend the service life of the ratchet wheel 4. The adjacent ends of the multiple pawls 9 are all made of wear-resistant material. Because the pawls 9 and ratchet wheels 4 frequently come into contact and interact, they bear a large amount of friction and impact during the anti-reverse process. The wear-resistant material can significantly improve the wear resistance of the pawls 9, ensuring that the pawls 9 always maintain good working performance during long-term use and reliably prevent the ratchet wheel 4 from reversing.

[0037] Working principle: Two ratchet wheels 4 are fixedly connected to the outside of the core rod 1 and rotate synchronously with the core rod 1. The outer shell 3 of the core rod 1 provides a protective and mounting frame. Two limiting grooves 5 are opened on its inner side and cooperate with the ratchet wheels 4. Since the external dimensions of the two ratchet wheels 4 match the internal dimensions of the two limiting grooves 5, the ratchet wheels 4 can rotate smoothly in the limiting grooves 5, but are restricted within a certain space to prevent axial or radial displacement during rotation. Mounting chambers 6 are opened at the front and rear ends of the inner side of the limiting grooves 5. Tension springs 7 are fixedly connected to the inner side of multiple mounting chambers 6. One end of the tension spring 7 is fixed in the mounting chamber 6, and the other end is connected to the pawl 9. At the same time, a fixed shaft 8 is fixedly connected inside each mounting chamber 6. The fixed shaft 8 provides a fulcrum for the rotation of the pawl 9. The pawl 9 can rotate around the fixed shaft. 8 rotates freely within the mounting chamber 6. Simultaneously, the outer sides of multiple pawls 9 are fixedly connected to the adjacent ends of multiple tension springs 7. Under the action of the tension springs 7, the pawls 9 are always subjected to a pressure in the direction of the ratchet 4. When the core rod 1 drives the ratchet 4 to rotate in the normal direction, the teeth of the ratchet 4 will push the pawls 9 to rotate around the fixed shaft 8, causing the pawls 9 to compress the tension springs 7 and retract into the mounting chamber 6. At this time, the pawls 9 will not obstruct the normal rotation of the ratchet 4, and the core rod 1 can smoothly drive the connected equipment parts to operate. However, once the core rod 1 shows a tendency to reverse, the teeth of the ratchet 4 will contact the tip of the pawls 9. Since the pawls 9 are tightly pressed against the teeth of the ratchet 4 under the action of the tension springs 7, the pawls 9 cannot be easily pushed as when rotating normally, thus preventing the ratchet 4 from reversing, and thus preventing the core rod 1 from reversing.

[0038] Furthermore, when the ratchet 4 needs lubrication, an external grease injection device is connected to the grease nipple 201. The grease injection chamber 202, located on the front side of the housing 3, is a space for storing the freshly injected grease. A sealing spring 203 is fixedly connected inside the grease injection chamber 202, with a sealing steel ball 204 fixedly connected to its front end. Under normal circumstances, the sealing steel ball 204, under the elastic force of the sealing spring 203, tightly blocks the channel between the grease nipple 201 and the grease injection chamber 202. Since the external dimensions of the sealing steel ball 204 are larger than the internal dimensions of the grease nipple 201, it effectively prevents grease leakage from the grease nipple 201. When grease is injected through the grease nipple 201, the pressure generated by the grease overcomes the elastic force of the sealing spring 203, pushing the sealing steel ball 204 backward, allowing the grease to smoothly enter the grease injection chamber 202. Once oil injection stops, the sealing spring 203 will immediately push the sealing steel ball 204 to block the channel again, keeping the grease in the oil injection chamber 202 sealed. The top of the inner side of the oil injection chamber 202 is connected to the diversion groove 205. The lubricating grease entering the oil injection chamber 202 will start to flow through the diversion groove 205. Multiple drainage grooves 206 are opened inside the outer shell 3. The diversion groove 205 is connected to the multiple drainage grooves 206. The diverted lubricating grease is further guided to each drainage groove 206. Multiple injection ports 207 are equidistantly connected to the inner side of the multiple drainage grooves 206. These injection ports 207 are equidistantly opened inside the two limiting grooves 5. The lubricating grease is precisely injected into the limiting grooves 5 through the injection ports 207. The limiting grooves 5 are the active areas of the ratchet 4 and the pawl 9, so that the lubricating grease can directly act on the contact parts of these components.

[0039] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Although the present utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A composite mandrel anti-reverse mechanism, comprising a mandrel (1) and a housing (3), characterized in that: Two ratchet wheels (4) are fixedly connected to the outside of the core rod (1). Two limiting grooves (5) are opened on the inner side of the outer shell (3). The external dimensions of the two ratchet wheels (4) match the internal dimensions of the two limiting grooves (5). The front and rear ends of the inner sides of the two limiting grooves (5) are provided with mounting chambers (6). Tension springs (7) are fixedly connected to the inner side of the multiple mounting chambers (6). Fixed shafts (8) are fixedly connected to the inside of the multiple mounting chambers (6). Pawls (9) are rotatably connected to the outside of the multiple fixed shafts (8). The adjacent ends of the multiple tension springs (7) are fixedly connected to the outside of the multiple pawls (9). A mounting plate (10) is fixedly connected to the rear side of the outer shell (3). A lubrication mechanism (2) is provided inside the outer shell (3).

2. The composite mandrel anti-reverse mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lubrication mechanism (2) includes a grease nipple (201), which is fixedly connected to the front side of the housing (3). An oil injection chamber (202) is provided on the front side of the interior of the housing (3). A sealing spring (203) is fixedly connected inside the oil injection chamber (202). A sealing steel ball (204) is fixedly connected to the front end of the sealing spring (203). The external size of the sealing steel ball (204) is larger than the internal size of the grease nipple (201). A diversion groove (205) is connected to the top of the inner side of the oil injection chamber (202). A plurality of drainage grooves (206) are provided inside the housing (3). The diversion grooves (205) are connected to the plurality of drainage grooves (206). A plurality of injection ports (207) are equidistantly connected to the inner side of the plurality of drainage grooves (206). The plurality of injection ports (207) are equidistantly opened on the inner side of two limiting grooves (5).

3. The composite mandrel anti-reverse mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting plate (10) has multiple tapered holes (11) around its front side, and mounting screws (12) pass through the interior of each tapered hole (11).

4. The composite mandrel anti-reverse mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: The front ends of the plurality of mounting screws (12) are all tapered, and the internal dimensions of the plurality of tapered holes (11) are matched with the front end dimensions of the plurality of mounting screws (12).

5. The composite mandrel anti-reverse mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting plate (10) has four fixed support side plates (13) at the front corners, and all of the support side plates (13) adopt a triangular design.

6. The composite mandrel anti-reverse mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple rubber pads (14) are fixedly connected to the rear side of the mounting plate (10), and all of the multiple rubber pads (14) adopt a circular sheet design.

7. The composite mandrel anti-reverse mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The core rod (1) has mounting holes (15) on its front and rear sides and left and right sides, and the outer sides of the multiple mounting holes (15) are all chamfered.

8. The composite mandrel anti-reverse mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both ratchet wheels (4) have a smooth exterior design, and the adjacent ends of the multiple pawls (9) are made of wear-resistant material.

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