Capsule skin structure, air spring, suspension system and vehicle

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of vehicles, and provides a bladder skin structure, an air spring, a suspension system and a vehicle. The bladder skin structure comprises a bladder skin main body and a fiber layer. The bladder skin main body comprises at least two functional sections. The fiber layer is arranged in the bladder skin main body and comprises fiber parts located in different functional sections, and the design parameters of the fiber parts are different. Therefore, the bladder skin structure can have sufficient strength in different functional sections, and the phenomenon of local stress concentration or unreasonable deformation of the bladder skin can be improved, so that material damage and fatigue failure of the bladder skin structure are delayed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of vehicle technology, and more particularly to a bladder structure, air spring, suspension system, and vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Among related technologies, air springs possess advantages such as adjustable stiffness, high load-bearing capacity, and fast response speed, and are widely used in automobiles, rail transportation, and industrial equipment. In the automotive field, air springs can dynamically adjust stiffness and damping characteristics, improving overall vehicle comfort, stability, and handling performance. Simultaneously, air springs can enhance vehicle stability during high-speed driving or cornering, effectively suppressing body roll, thereby improving driving experience and safety.

[0003] However, the service life of air springs often falls short of the requirements for the overall vehicle lifespan. Specifically, the fatigue performance of air springs is primarily determined by the material properties and structural design of the air spring casing. The air spring casing needs to withstand complex load conditions such as high-frequency compression, tension, bending, and shearing, resulting in significant differences in the stress characteristics of different parts. Currently, the material properties and structural design of all parts of the air spring casing are identical, leading to localized stress concentrations or unreasonable deformation, thereby accelerating material damage and fatigue failure. Utility Model Content

[0004] This application provides a bladder structure, an air spring, a suspension system, and a vehicle. By assigning different design parameters to the fiber section in different functional segments, the performance of each functional segment is made different, thereby improving phenomena such as local stress concentration or unreasonable deformation of the bladder and at least partially solving the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, according to a first aspect of this application, a capsule-like structure is provided, comprising:

[0006] The main body of the capsule includes at least two functional segments;

[0007] A fibrous layer is disposed within the main body of the capsule and includes fibrous sections located in different functional segments, each of which has different design parameters.

[0008] Optionally, each of the fiber portions includes at least two fiber lines spaced circumferentially along the main body of the capsule, and the design parameters include at least one of fiber line shape, fiber line spacing, and fiber line inclination angle.

[0009] Optionally, the fiber layer is disposed within the first fiber layer and the second fiber layer in the main body of the capsule. The first fiber layer and the second fiber layer are arranged radially spaced apart from each other in the main body of the capsule. Each of the first fiber layer and the second fiber layer includes at least two fiber lines arranged circumferentially spaced apart in the main body of the capsule. At least one parameter of the fiber line shape, fiber line spacing, and fiber line inclination angle of the first fiber layer and the second fiber layer in some functional segments is different.

[0010] Optionally, the main body of the capsule is cylindrical, and the at least two functional segments include:

[0011] The first crimping section is configured to connect the first pair of fittings;

[0012] The first fiber layer includes a first buckling fiber line located within the first buckling section. The first buckling fiber line is arranged in a straight line, wherein the angle between the first buckling fiber line and the axis of the main body of the capsule is α1, satisfying: 0°≤α1≤5°.

[0013] And / or, the second fiber layer includes a second buckling fiber line located within the first buckling section, the second buckling fiber line being arranged in a straight line, wherein the angle between the second buckling fiber line and the axis of the capsule body is α2, satisfying: 0°≤α2≤5°.

[0014] Optionally, the first crimping fiber is spaced at least two apart along the circumferential direction of the capsule body, wherein the spacing between each pair of adjacent first crimping fiber is d1, satisfying: 1 mm ≤ d1 ≤ 3 mm;

[0015] And / or, the second crimping fiber is spaced at least two intervals along the circumferential direction of the capsule body, wherein the spacing between each pair of adjacent second crimping fiber is d2, satisfying: 1 mm ≤ d2 ≤ 3 mm.

[0016] Optionally, the at least two functional segments further include:

[0017] The end section is connected to the first clamping section;

[0018] The first fiber layer further includes a first end fiber line located within the end segment. The first end fiber line is connected to the first crimping fiber line. The first end fiber line is arranged in a straight line. The angle between the first end fiber line and the axis of the capsule body is β1, which satisfies: 20°≤β1≤60°.

[0019] And / or, the second fiber layer further includes a second end fiber line located within the end segment, the second end fiber line being connected to the second crimping fiber line, the second end fiber line being arranged in a straight line, wherein the included angle between the second end fiber line and the axis of the capsule body is β2, satisfying: 110°≤β2≤130°.

[0020] Optionally, the first end fiber filaments are spaced at least two apart along the circumferential direction of the capsule body, wherein the distance between each pair of adjacent first end fiber filaments is d3, satisfying: 0.8 mm ≤ d3 ≤ 2 mm;

[0021] And / or, the second end fiber lines are spaced at least two apart circumferentially along the main body of the capsule, wherein the spacing between each pair of adjacent second end fiber lines is d4, satisfying: 0.8 mm ≤ d4 ≤ 2 mm.

[0022] Optionally, the at least two functional segments further include:

[0023] The first flexible section is connected to the end of the end section away from the first clamping section;

[0024] The first fiber layer further includes a first flexed fiber line located within the first flexed segment, the first flexed fiber line being connected to the end of the first end fiber line away from the first clamping fiber line, wherein the first flexed fiber line is configured to be curved.

[0025] And / or, the second fiber layer further includes a second flexural fiber line located within the first flexural segment, the second flexural fiber line being connected to the end of the second end fiber line away from the second crimping fiber line, wherein the second flexural fiber line is configured to be curved.

[0026] Optionally, the first flexural fiber is configured as a C-shape or an S-shape;

[0027] And / or, the second flexural fiber is configured as a C-shape or an S-shape.

[0028] Optionally, the first flexible fiber filaments are spaced at least two apart along the circumferential direction of the capsule body, wherein the spacing between each pair of adjacent first flexible fiber filaments is d5, satisfying: 0.8 mm ≤ d5 ≤ 2 mm;

[0029] And / or, the second flexible fiber filaments are spaced at least two apart circumferentially along the main body of the capsule, wherein the spacing between each two adjacent second flexible fiber filaments is d6, satisfying: 0.8 mm ≤ d6 ≤ 2 mm.

[0030] Optionally, the at least two functional segments further include:

[0031] The main body segment is connected to the end of the first flexural segment furthest from the end segment;

[0032] The first fiber layer further includes a first main fiber line located within the main body segment. The first main fiber line is connected to the end of the first flexed fiber line away from the first end fiber line. The first main fiber lines are spaced at least two apart along the circumferential direction of the main body of the capsule. The spacing between each pair of adjacent first main fiber lines is d7, which satisfies the following condition: 0.8 mm ≤ d7 ≤ 1.2 mm.

[0033] And / or, the second fiber layer further includes a second main fiber line located within the main body segment, the second main fiber line being connected to the end of the second flexural fiber line away from the second end fiber line, the second main fiber lines being spaced at least two apart along the circumferential direction of the capsule body, wherein the spacing between each pair of adjacent second main fiber lines is d8, satisfying: 0.8 mm ≤ d8 ≤ 1.2 mm.

[0034] Optionally, the first main fiber thread includes a first sub-segment and a second sub-segment spaced apart along the axial direction of the main body of the capsule, and a third sub-segment connected between the first sub-segment and the second sub-segment, wherein the first sub-segment and the third sub-segment are arranged at an angle, and the second sub-segment and the third sub-segment are arranged at an angle.

[0035] And / or, the second main fiber thread includes a fourth sub-segment and a fifth sub-segment spaced apart along the axial direction of the main body of the capsule, and a sixth sub-segment connected between the fourth sub-segment and the fifth sub-segment, wherein the fourth sub-segment and the sixth sub-segment are arranged at an angle, and the fifth sub-segment and the sixth sub-segment are arranged at an angle.

[0036] Optionally, the included angle between the first sub-segment and the third sub-segment is γ1, satisfying: 25°≤γ1≤50°;

[0037] And / or, the angle between the second sub-segment and the third sub-segment is γ2, satisfying: 25°≤γ2≤50°;

[0038] And / or, the included angle between the fourth sub-segment and the sixth sub-segment is γ3, satisfying: 110°≤γ3≤140°;

[0039] And / or, the included angle between the fifth sub-segment and the sixth sub-segment is γ4, satisfying: 110°≤γ4≤140°.

[0040] Optionally, the angle between the third segment and the axis of the main body of the capsule is θ1, satisfying: 0°≤θ1≤5°;

[0041] And / or, the angle between the sixth sub-segment and the axis of the main body of the capsule is θ2, satisfying: 0°≤θ2≤5°.

[0042] Optionally, the at least two functional segments further include:

[0043] The second crimping section is configured to connect to the second pair of fittings, and the second crimping section is connected to the end of the main body section away from the first flexible section;

[0044] The first fiber layer includes a third crimping fiber line located within the second crimping section. The third crimping fiber line is connected to the end of the first main fiber line away from the first flexed fiber line. The third crimping fiber line is arranged in a straight line. The angle between the third crimping fiber line and the axis of the main body of the capsule is α3, satisfying: 0°≤α3≤5°.

[0045] And / or, the second fiber layer includes a fourth crimping fiber line located within the second crimping section, the fourth crimping fiber line being connected to the end of the second main fiber line away from the second flexural fiber line, the fourth crimping fiber line being arranged in a straight line, and the angle between the fourth crimping fiber line and the axis of the main body of the capsule being α4, satisfying: 0°≤α4≤5°.

[0046] Optionally, the third crimping fiber is spaced at least two intervals along the circumferential direction of the capsule body, wherein the spacing between each two adjacent third crimping fiber is d9, satisfying: 1 mm ≤ d9 ≤ 3 mm;

[0047] And / or, the fourth crimping fiber is spaced at least two intervals along the circumferential direction of the capsule body, wherein the spacing between each two adjacent fourth crimping fiber is d10, satisfying: 1 mm ≤ d10 ≤ 3 mm.

[0048] Optionally, the at least two functional segments further include:

[0049] The second flexural section is disposed between the main body section and the second clamping section;

[0050] The first fiber layer also includes a third flexural fiber line located within the second flexural section, the third flexural fiber line being connected between the first main fiber line and the third crimping fiber line, and the third flexural fiber line being configured as a curve;

[0051] And / or, the second fiber layer further includes a fourth flexural fiber line located within the second flexural segment, the fourth flexural fiber line being connected between the second main fiber line and the fourth crimping fiber line, the fourth flexural fiber line being configured as a curve.

[0052] Optionally, the third flexural fiber is configured as a C-shape or an S-shape;

[0053] And / or, the fourth flexural fiber is configured as a C-shape or an S-shape.

[0054] Optionally, the third flexible fiber line is spaced at least two apart along the circumferential direction of the capsule body, wherein the spacing between each two adjacent third flexible fiber lines is d11, satisfying: 0.8 mm ≤ d11 ≤ 2 mm;

[0055] And / or, the fourth flexible fiber line is spaced at least two apart circumferentially along the main body of the capsule, wherein the spacing between each two adjacent fourth flexible fiber lines is d12, satisfying: 0.8 mm ≤ d12 ≤ 2 mm.

[0056] According to a second aspect of this application, an air spring is provided, including the bladder structure as described above.

[0057] According to a third aspect of this application, a suspension system is also provided, including the air spring as described above.

[0058] According to a fourth aspect of this application, a vehicle is also provided, including the suspension system as described above.

[0059] In the bladder structure, air spring, suspension system, and vehicle of this application embodiment, by making the design parameters of each fiber part of the fiber layer different in different functional sections, the performance of the bladder body varies in each functional section. As a result, the bladder structure can have sufficient strength in different functional sections, which can improve phenomena such as local stress concentration or unreasonable deformation of the bladder, and delay material damage and fatigue failure of the bladder structure.

[0060] Other features and advantages of this application will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0061] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0062] To gain a more complete understanding of this application and its beneficial effects, the following description will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals in the following description denote the same parts.

[0063] Figure 1 This is one of the cross-sectional views of the main body of the capsule provided in the exemplary embodiments of this application;

[0064] Figure 2 This is a second cross-sectional view of the main body of the capsule provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0065] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the fiber lines of the first fibrous layer within the main body of the capsule;

[0066] Figure 4 This is the third cross-sectional view of the main body of the capsule provided in the exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0067] Figure 5 This is the fourth cross-sectional view of the main body of the capsule provided in the exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0068] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the fiber lines of the first fibrous layer within the main body of the capsule;

[0069] Figure 7 This is the fifth cross-sectional view of the main body of the capsule provided in the exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0070] Figure 8 This is one of the cross-sectional views within the first flexural segment provided in the exemplary embodiments of this application;

[0071] Figure 9 This is a second cross-sectional view of the first flexural segment provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application.

[0072] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0073] 1. Main body of the capsule; 11. First crimping section; 12. End section; 13. First flexure section; 14. Main body section; 15. Second crimping section; 16. Second flexure section;

[0074] 2. Fiber layer; 21. First fiber layer; 211. First crimped fiber thread; 212. First end fiber thread; 213. First flexed fiber thread; 214. First main fiber thread; 2141. First sub-segment; 2142. Second sub-segment; 2143. Third sub-segment; 215. Third crimped fiber thread; 216. Third flexed fiber thread; 22. Second fiber layer. Detailed Implementation

[0075] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the protection scope of this application.

[0076] According to the first aspect of this application, referring to Figures 1 to 9 This application provides a capsule-like structure. The capsule-like structure includes a capsule-like body 1 and a fibrous layer 2. The capsule-like body 1 includes at least two functional segments. The fibrous layer 2 is disposed within the capsule-like body 1 and includes fibrous portions located in different functional segments, each fibrous portion having different design parameters.

[0077] In this embodiment, by making the design parameters of each fiber part of the fiber layer 2 different in different functional segments, the performance of the capsule body 1 varies in each functional segment. This allows the capsule structure to have sufficient strength in different functional segments, which can improve local stress concentration or unreasonable deformation of the capsule, thereby delaying material damage and fatigue failure of the capsule structure.

[0078] In some embodiments, the capsule body 1 is made of rubber material to meet requirements such as elasticity, sealing, and durability. The fiber layer 2, composed of several fiber threads, can bear loads, maintain the shape of the capsule body 1, and improve durability.

[0079] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in some embodiments, at least two functional segments may include a first clamping segment 11, an end segment 12, a first flexural segment 13, a main body segment 14, a second flexural segment 16, and a second clamping segment 15. In this case, the bladder structure can serve as the rear spring bladder. Figures 4 to 6 As shown, in some embodiments, at least two functional segments may include a first clamping segment 11, an end segment 12, a first flexing segment 13, a main body segment 14, and a second clamping segment 15. In this case, the bladder structure can serve as the front spring bladder.

[0080] In some embodiments, each fiber portion includes at least two fiber lines arranged circumferentially spaced along the main body 1 of the capsule, and the design parameters include at least one of the following: fiber line shape, fiber line spacing, and fiber line inclination angle.

[0081] It is understandable that by making at least one parameter of the fiber line shape, fiber line spacing, and fiber line tilt angle of the fiber layer 2 in each functional segment different, each functional segment can have material properties and structural properties that match the stress characteristics of that functional segment, thereby extending the service life and reliability of the shell structure and thus extending the service life of the air spring.

[0082] In some embodiments, the fiber lines of the fiber layer 2 have different shapes in different functional segments. For example, the fiber lines in some functional segments are set to be straight, while the fiber lines in other functional segments are set to be curved.

[0083] In some embodiments, the fiber spacing of the fiber layer 2 is different in different functional segments. For example, the fiber spacing is set to 1 mm in some functional segments and 2 mm in others.

[0084] In some embodiments, the fiber lines of the fiber layer 2 in different functional segments have different inclination angles. For example, the fiber line inclination angle is set to 45° in some functional segments, and the fiber line inclination angle is set to be parallel to the axis of the capsule body 1 in other functional segments.

[0085] like Figure 7 As shown, in some embodiments, the fiber layer 2 includes a first fiber layer 21 and a second fiber layer 22 disposed within the capsule body 1. The first fiber layer 21 and the second fiber layer 22 are arranged radially spaced along the capsule body 1. Each of the first fiber layer 21 and the second fiber layer 22 includes at least two fiber lines arranged circumferentially spaced along the capsule body 1. At least one parameter of the fiber line shape, fiber line spacing, and fiber line tilt angle of the first fiber layer 21 and the second fiber layer 22 in some functional segments is different.

[0086] It is understandable that by providing a first fiber layer 21 and a second fiber layer 22 within the capsule body 1, the capsule body 1 is structurally reinforced through the two fiber layers 2, ensuring that the capsule body 1 can meet the usage requirements. In some functional segments, at least one parameter of the first fiber layer 21 and the second fiber layer 22 may differ, such as the fiber line shape, fiber line spacing, or fiber line tilt angle, resulting in different reinforcing effects of the first fiber layer 21 and the second fiber layer 22 on the capsule body 1.

[0087] In some embodiments, the fiber lines of the first fiber layer 21 and the second fiber layer 22 within a certain functional segment have different shapes. For example, within the same functional segment, the fiber lines in the first fiber layer 21 are set to be straight, while the fiber lines in the second fiber layer 22 are set to be curved.

[0088] In some embodiments, the fiber spacing of the first fiber layer 21 and the second fiber layer 22 within a certain functional segment is different. For example, within the same functional segment, the spacing between the fiber lines in the first fiber layer 21 is set to 1 mm, and the spacing between the fiber lines in the second fiber layer 22 is set to 2 mm.

[0089] In some embodiments, the fiber lines of the first fiber layer 21 and the second fiber layer 22 within certain functional segments have different inclination angles. For example, within the same functional segment, the fiber lines in the first fiber layer 21 have an inclination angle of 45°, and the fiber lines in the second fiber layer 22 have an inclination angle of 135°, so that the fiber lines of the first fiber layer 21 and the second fiber layer 22 are distributed in an intersecting manner to accommodate multi-directional deformation capabilities, allowing them to withstand both radial and axial forces simultaneously, while also considering radial and axial shear resistance. This enables the shell structure to adapt to various working conditions and possesses excellent load-bearing capacity.

[0090] It should be noted that both the first fiber layer 21 and the second fiber layer 22 are arranged circumferentially around the capsule structure and extend axially along the capsule structure. The first fiber layer 21 and the second fiber layer 22 are arranged radially spaced apart along the capsule structure. For example, the first fiber layer 21 is arranged near the inner side of the capsule body 1, and the second fiber layer 22 is arranged near the outer side of the capsule body 1.

[0091] In some embodiments, both the first fiber layer 21 and the second fiber layer 22 include a plurality of fiber threads. The fiber threads of the first fiber layer 21 may be of the same or different type as those of the fiber threads of the second fiber layer 22.

[0092] like Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments, the capsule body 1 is cylindrical. At least two functional segments include a first clamping segment 11. The first clamping segment 11 is configured to connect a first pair of fittings. A first fiber layer 21 includes a first clamping fiber line 211 located within the first clamping segment 11. The first clamping fiber line 211 is arranged in a straight line, wherein the angle between the first clamping fiber line 211 and the axis of the capsule body 1 is α1, satisfying: 0°≤α1≤5°. And / or, a second fiber layer 22 includes a second clamping fiber line located within the first clamping segment 11. The second clamping fiber line is arranged in a straight line, wherein the angle between the second clamping fiber line and the axis of the capsule body 1 is α2, satisfying: 0°≤α2≤5°.

[0093] Understandably, the first pair of components is made of metal. For example, the first pair of components could be a piston or a lower seat. The first clamping section 11 serves as the area where the bladder structure and the metal component meet, used to mount the bladder structure onto the metal component and ensure the airtightness of the air spring. Based on the position of the first clamping section 11, the first clamping fiber line 211 and the second clamping fiber line inside it are arranged in a straight line, and the angle between them and the axis of the bladder body 1 is set within the range of 0° to 5°. Thus, the angle design of the first clamping fiber line 211 allows for better radial bonding force between the first clamping fiber line 211 and the bladder body 1, and the angle design of the second clamping fiber line allows for better radial bonding force between the second clamping fiber line and the bladder body 1, ensuring the uniformity of pressure during clamping and thus improving the clamping tightness.

[0094] In some embodiments, the included angle α1 between the first crimping fiber 211 and the axis of the capsule body 1 is set to 0°, 1°, 2°, 3°, 4°, 5°, or any value between the two. The included angle α2 between the second crimping fiber 211 and the axis of the capsule body 1 is set to 0°, 1°, 2°, 3°, 4°, 5°, or any value between the two.

[0095] In some embodiments, the first crimping fiber 211 is parallel to the axis of the capsule body 1. The second crimping fiber 211 is also parallel to the axis of the capsule body 1. By ensuring that both the first and second crimping fiber 211 are parallel to the axis of the capsule body 1, axial separation during stress can be prevented, which would be detrimental to crimping and sealing and could potentially lead to a decrease in sealing performance.

[0096] In some embodiments, the angle between the first crimping fiber 211 and the axis of the capsule body 1 is +5°, and the angle between the second crimping fiber 211 and the axis of the capsule body 1 is +5°. Alternatively, the angle between the first crimping fiber 211 and the axis of the capsule body 1 is -5°, and the angle between the second crimping fiber 211 and the axis of the capsule body 1 is -5°. It should be noted that the inclination directions of the first crimping fiber 211 and the second crimping fiber 211 can be the same or different. +5° and -5° represent the difference in the relative position of the fiber 211 and the axis of the capsule body (1).

[0097] like Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments, the first crimping fiber filaments 211 are spaced at least two apart circumferentially along the main body 1 of the capsule, wherein the distance between each two adjacent first crimping fiber filaments 211 is d1, satisfying: 1 mm ≤ d1 ≤ 3 mm. And / or, the second crimping fiber filaments are spaced at least two apart circumferentially along the main body 1 of the capsule, wherein the distance between each two adjacent second crimping fiber filaments is d2, satisfying: 1 mm ≤ d2 ≤ 3 mm.

[0098] Understandably, by setting the spacing d1 between each pair of adjacent first crimping fiber lines 211 in the range of 1 mm to 3 mm, the first crimping fiber line 211 acts on the first crimping section 11, giving the first crimping section 11 good radial load-bearing capacity. This helps to provide better bonding force to the area, ensuring that the first crimping section 11 can effectively transfer load when connected to the first pair of fittings, improving axial load transfer efficiency, enhancing resistance while reducing shear stress, and ensuring sealing performance.

[0099] If the distance d1 between any two adjacent first crimping fiber lines 211 is less than 1 mm, it will increase the processing difficulty of the skin structure, resulting in difficult processing, high manufacturing cost, and hindering the crimping between the skin structure and the metal parts. If the distance d1 between any two adjacent first crimping fiber lines 211 is greater than 3 mm, it will reduce the load-bearing capacity of the first crimping section 11, hindering the bonding between the first crimping section 11 and the mating metal parts.

[0100] In some embodiments, the spacing d1 between each pair of adjacent first crimping fibers 211 is set to 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, or any value between the two.

[0101] By setting the spacing d2 between each pair of adjacent second crimping fibers in the range of 1 mm to 3 mm, the second crimping fibers act on the first crimping section 11, giving the first crimping section 11 good radial load-bearing capacity. This helps to provide better bonding force to the area, ensuring that the first crimping section 11 can effectively transfer load when connected to the first pair of fittings, improving axial load transfer efficiency, enhancing resistance while reducing shear stress, and ensuring sealing performance.

[0102] If the spacing d2 between any two adjacent second crimping fiber lines is less than 1 mm, it will increase the processing difficulty of the skin structure, resulting in difficult processing, high manufacturing cost, and hindering the crimping between the skin structure and the metal parts. If the spacing d2 between any two adjacent second crimping fiber lines is greater than 3 mm, it will reduce the load-bearing capacity of the first crimping section 11, hindering the bonding between the first crimping section 11 and the mating metal parts.

[0103] In some embodiments, the spacing d2 between each pair of adjacent second crimped fibers is set to 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, or any value between the two.

[0104] like Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments, at least two functional segments further include end segments 12. End segments 12 are connected to the first clamping segment 11. The first fiber layer 21 also includes a first end fiber line 212 located within the end segment 12, connected to the first clamping fiber line 211, and the first end fiber line 212 is arranged in a straight line. The angle between the first end fiber line 212 and the axis of the capsule body 1 is β1, satisfying: 20°≤β1≤60°. And / or, the second fiber layer 22 also includes a second end fiber line located within the end segment 12, connected to the second clamping fiber line, and the second end fiber line is arranged in a straight line. The angle between the second end fiber line and the axis of the capsule body 1 is β2, satisfying: 110°≤β2≤130°.

[0105] Understandably, the end section 12 is primarily used to contact the piston or directly transmit loads. By arranging the first end fiber line 212 within the end section 12 in a straight line, and setting the angle β1 between the first end fiber line 212 and the axis of the bladder body 1 within the range of 20° to 60°, the first end fiber line 212 can disperse stress in different directions, reducing stress concentration in a single direction. This allows the end section 12 to withstand various loads such as compression, axial tension / compression, and shear. Similarly, by arranging the second end fiber line within the end section 12 in a straight line, and setting the angle β2 between the second end fiber line and the axis of the bladder body 1 within the range of 110° to 130°, the second end fiber line can disperse stress in different directions, reducing stress concentration in a single direction. This allows the end section 12 to withstand various loads such as compression, axial tension / compression, and shear. Furthermore, the large angle of the second end fiber line can accommodate the lateral deformation of the bladder body when the vehicle turns or experiences bumps.

[0106] In this embodiment, the first end fiber line 212 and the second end fiber line are positioned at different angles to the axis of the air spring body 1, resulting in a cross-distribution of the first end fiber line 212 and the second end fiber line. This cross-distribution of the first end fiber line 212 and the second end fiber line allows for multi-directional deformation, enabling them to simultaneously bear radial and axial forces, while also considering radial and axial shear resistance. This serves as a connection and transition, facilitating a smooth transition of force and adapting to the stress requirements of the end section 12, thereby improving its load-bearing capacity. During the actual operation of the air spring, the end section 12 is in direct contact with the piston, and friction is easily generated between them. The angle β2 between the second end fiber line and the axis of the air spring body 1 further helps to disperse frictional forces.

[0107] If the angle β1 between the first end fiber line 212 and the axis of the bladder body 1 is less than 20°, the air spring will have excessive lateral stiffness and insufficient radial stiffness, affecting the dynamic performance of the end section 12. If the angle β1 between the first end fiber line 212 and the axis of the bladder body 1 is greater than 60°, the effective separation of the first end fiber line 212 when bearing vertical loads will be small, resulting in a decrease in the air spring's load-bearing capacity. Furthermore, the bladder structure will exhibit excessive radial deformation after inflation, leading to a reduction in the air spring's stability.

[0108] In some embodiments, the included angle β1 between the first end fiber 212 and the axis of the capsule body 1 is set to 20°, 30°, 40°, 50°, 60°, or any value between the two.

[0109] If the angle β2 between the second end fiber line and the axis of the bladder body 1 is less than 110°, the air spring will have excessive lateral stiffness and insufficient radial stiffness, affecting the dynamic performance of the end section 12. If the angle β2 between the second end fiber line and the axis of the bladder body 1 is greater than 130°, the effective separation of the second end fiber line when bearing vertical loads will be smaller, resulting in a decrease in the air spring's load-bearing capacity. Furthermore, the bladder structure will exhibit excessive radial deformation after inflation, leading to a reduction in the air spring's stability.

[0110] In some embodiments, the included angle β1 between the first end fiber 212 and the axis of the capsule body 1 is set to 110°, 120°, 130°, or any value between the two.

[0111] like Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments, the first end fiber lines 212 are spaced at least two apart circumferentially along the main body 1 of the capsule, wherein the distance between any two adjacent first end fiber lines 212 is d3, satisfying: 0.8 mm ≤ d3 ≤ 2 mm. And / or, the second end fiber lines are spaced at least two apart circumferentially along the main body 1 of the capsule, wherein the distance between any two adjacent second end fiber lines is d4, satisfying: 0.8 mm ≤ d4 ≤ 2 mm.

[0112] It is understandable that setting the spacing d3 between any two adjacent first end fiber lines 212 within the range of 0.8 mm to 2 mm allows the first end fiber lines 212 to better distribute stress in different directions, reducing stress concentration in a single direction, thus enabling the end section 12 to withstand various loads such as compression, axial tension / compression, and shear. Similarly, setting the spacing d4 between any two adjacent second end fiber lines within the range of 0.8 mm to 2 mm allows the second end fiber lines to better distribute stress in different directions, reducing stress concentration in a single direction, thus enabling the end section 12 to withstand various loads such as compression, axial tension / compression, and shear.

[0113] If the distance d3 between any two adjacent first end fiber lines 212 is less than 0.8 mm, it will increase manufacturing costs and easily cause friction between the first end fiber lines 212, leading to overheating or aging of the air spring. If the distance d3 between any two adjacent first end fiber lines 212 is greater than 2 mm, it will cause the rubber substrate of the air spring body 1 to bear a large load, resulting in excessive deformation of the rubber substrate, unstable deformation of the air spring, and reduced performance of the air spring.

[0114] In some embodiments, the spacing d3 between any two adjacent first end fiber lines 212 is set to 0.8 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, or any value between the two.

[0115] If the spacing d4 between any two adjacent second-end fiber lines is less than 0.8 mm, it will increase manufacturing costs and easily cause friction between the second-end fiber lines, leading to overheating or aging of the air spring. If the spacing d4 between any two adjacent second-end fiber lines is greater than 2 mm, it will result in a large stress on the rubber substrate of the air spring body 1, causing excessive deformation of the rubber substrate, leading to unstable deformation of the air spring and reduced air spring performance.

[0116] In some embodiments, the spacing d4 between any two adjacent second end fiber lines is set to 0.8 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, or any value between any two.

[0117] like Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments, at least two functional segments further include a first flexible segment 13. The first flexible segment 13 is connected to the end of the end segment 12 away from the first clamping segment 11. The first fiber layer 21 also includes a first flexible fiber line 213 located within the first flexible segment 13, the first flexible fiber line 213 being connected to the end of the first end fiber line 212 away from the first clamping fiber line 211, wherein the first flexible fiber line 213 is configured as a curve. And / or, the second fiber layer 22 also includes a second flexible fiber line located within the first flexible segment 13, the second flexible fiber line being connected to the end of the second end fiber line away from the second clamping fiber line, wherein the second flexible fiber line is configured as a curve.

[0118] It is understandable that when the air spring's bladder structure is stretched / compressed, the first flexural segment 13 will repeatedly bend and deform, generating dynamic stress, and the inner and outer rubber surfaces of the first flexural segment 13 are prone to self-contact friction. The first and second flexural fiber lines are designed as curves to adapt to the load-bearing effects of the bladder structure during inflation and movement, and to maintain deformation stability during repeated bending. Simultaneously, the curved shape of the first and second flexural fiber lines increases the contact area between the fiber lines and the bladder body 1, thereby increasing the bending resistance of the first flexural segment 13, reducing interlayer friction during folding, improving bending flexibility, and enhancing its fatigue performance.

[0119] like Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, in some embodiments, the first flexible fiber 213 is configured as a C-shape or an S-shape. And / or, the second flexible fiber 213 is configured as a C-shape or an S-shape.

[0120] Understandably, the first and second flexible fiber lines are configured in a C-shape or S-shape to adapt to the load-bearing load on the bladder structure during inflation and movement, and to maintain the stability of the first flexible segment 13 during repeated bending deformation. Simultaneously, configuring the first and second flexible fiber lines in a C-shape or S-shape also increases the contact area between the fiber lines and the bladder body 1, thereby increasing the bending resistance of the first flexible segment 13, reducing interlayer friction during folding, improving bending flexibility, and enhancing its fatigue performance.

[0121] In some embodiments, the first flexible fiber 213 is C-shaped, and the second flexible fiber 213 is C-shaped. Alternatively, the first flexible fiber 213 is S-shaped, and the second flexible fiber 213 is S-shaped. (The last two options are also mentioned: the first flexible fiber 213 is C-shaped, and the second flexible fiber 213 is S-shaped.)

[0122] like Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments, the first flexible fiber filaments 213 are spaced at least two apart circumferentially along the main body 1 of the capsule, wherein the distance between any two adjacent first flexible fiber filaments 213 is d5, satisfying: 0.8 mm ≤ d5 ≤ 2 mm. And / or, the second flexible fiber filaments are spaced at least two apart circumferentially along the main body 1 of the capsule, wherein the distance between any two adjacent second flexible fiber filaments is d6, satisfying: 0.8 mm ≤ d6 ≤ 2 mm.

[0123] Understandably, if the distance d5 between any two adjacent first flexible fiber lines 213 is less than 0.8 mm, it will increase manufacturing costs and easily cause friction between the first flexible fiber lines 213, leading to overheating or aging of the air spring. If the distance d5 between any two adjacent first flexible fiber lines 213 is greater than 2 mm, it will result in a larger stress load on the rubber substrate of the air spring body 1, causing excessive deformation of the rubber substrate, leading to unstable deformation of the air spring and reduced air spring performance.

[0124] In some embodiments, the spacing d5 between each pair of adjacent first flexural fiber lines 213 is set to 0.8 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, or any value between the two.

[0125] If the spacing d6 between any two adjacent second flexible fiber lines is less than 0.8 mm, it will increase manufacturing costs and easily cause friction between the second flexible fiber lines, leading to overheating or aging of the air spring. If the spacing d6 between any two adjacent second flexible fiber lines is greater than 2 mm, it will result in a large stress load on the rubber substrate of the air spring body 1, causing excessive deformation of the rubber substrate, leading to unstable deformation of the air spring and reduced performance of the air spring.

[0126] In some embodiments, the spacing d6 between each pair of adjacent second flexural fibers is set to 0.8 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, or any value between the two.

[0127] like Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments, at least two functional segments further include a main body segment 14. The main body segment 14 is connected to the end of the first flexible segment 13 away from the end segment 12. The first fiber layer 21 also includes a first main fiber line 214 located within the main body segment 14. The first main fiber line 214 is connected to the end of the first flexible fiber line 213 away from the first end fiber line 212. The first main fiber lines 214 are spaced at least two apart circumferentially along the body 1, wherein the distance between each two adjacent first main fiber lines 214 is d7, satisfying: 0.8 mm ≤ d7 ≤ 1.2 mm. And / or, the second fiber layer 22 also includes a second main fiber line located within the main body segment 14. The second main fiber line is connected to the end of the second flexible fiber line away from the second end fiber line. The second main fiber line is spaced at least two apart circumferentially along the body 1, wherein the distance between each two adjacent second main fiber lines is d8, satisfying: 0.8 mm ≤ d8 ≤ 1.2 mm.

[0128] It is understandable that the main body segment 14 is the primary load-bearing area of ​​the air spring. If the distance d7 between any two adjacent first main body fiber lines 214 is less than 0.8 mm, it will increase manufacturing costs and easily cause friction between the first main body fiber lines 214, leading to overheating or aging of the bladder. If the distance d7 between any two adjacent first main body fiber lines 214 is greater than 2 mm, it will result in a larger load on the rubber substrate of the bladder body 1, causing excessive deformation of the rubber substrate, leading to unstable deformation of the bladder and reduced air spring performance.

[0129] In some embodiments, the spacing d7 between any two adjacent first main body fiber lines 214 is set to 0.8 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, or any value between the two.

[0130] If the spacing d8 between any two adjacent second main body fiber lines is less than 0.8 mm, it will increase manufacturing costs and easily cause friction between the second main body fiber lines, leading to overheating or aging of the air spring. If the spacing d8 between any two adjacent second main body fiber lines is greater than 2 mm, it will result in a large stress load on the rubber substrate of the air spring body 1, causing excessive deformation of the rubber substrate, leading to unstable deformation of the air spring and reduced performance of the air spring.

[0131] In some embodiments, the spacing d8 between any two adjacent second main body fiber lines is set to 0.8 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, or any value between the two.

[0132] like Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments, the first main fiber filament 214 includes a first segment 2141 and a second segment 2142 spaced apart along the axial direction of the capsule body 1, and a third segment 2143 connected between the first segment 2141 and the second segment 2142, wherein the first segment 2141 and the third segment 2143 are angled together, and the second segment 2142 and the third segment 2143 are angled together. And / or, the second main fiber filament includes a fourth segment and a fifth segment spaced apart along the axial direction of the capsule body 1, and a sixth segment connected between the fourth segment and the fifth segment, wherein the fourth segment and the sixth segment are angled together, and the fifth segment and the sixth segment are angled together.

[0133] Understandably, the first main fiber line 214 is configured into three segments, with the first sub-segment 2141 and the third sub-segment 2143 set at an angle, and the second sub-segment 2142 and the third sub-segment 2143 set at an angle. Similarly, the second main fiber line is configured into three segments, with the fourth sub-segment and the sixth sub-segment set at an angle, and the fifth sub-segment and the sixth sub-segment set at an angle. Thus, the third sub-segment 2143 and the sixth sub-segment can correspond to the pressing area of ​​the main body segment 14. When the bladder structure is inflated, the main body segment 14 expands. The first sub-segment 2141, the second sub-segment 2142, the third sub-segment 2143, the fourth sub-segment, the fifth sub-segment, and the sixth sub-segment work together to resist internal air pressure and prevent excessive deformation of the main body segment 14.

[0134] like Figure 3 and Figure 6As shown, in some embodiments, the included angle between the first sub-segment 2141 and the third sub-segment 2143 is γ1, satisfying: 25°≤γ1≤50°. And / or, the included angle between the second sub-segment 2142 and the third sub-segment 2143 is γ2, satisfying: 25°≤γ2≤50°. And / or, the included angle between the fourth sub-segment and the sixth sub-segment is γ3, satisfying: 110°≤γ3≤140°. And / or, the included angle between the fifth sub-segment and the sixth sub-segment is γ4, satisfying: 110°≤γ4≤140°.

[0135] Understandably, if the angle γ1 between the first segment 2141 and the third segment 2143 is less than 25°, the radial load-bearing capacity of the first main fiber line 214 will be too small. When the air bladder structure is inflated, it will be unable to withstand radial tension, resulting in excessive radial deformation of the main segment 14. If the angle γ1 between the first segment 2141 and the third segment 2143 is greater than 50°, the axial load-bearing capacity of the first main fiber line 214 will be too small. When the air spring is axially stretched, the axial load-bearing capacity of the main segment 14 will be insufficient, making it difficult to guarantee the static and dynamic performance of the air spring.

[0136] In some embodiments, the included angle γ1 between the first sub-segment 2141 and the third sub-segment 2143 is set to 25°, 30°, 40°, 50°, or any value between the two.

[0137] If the included angle γ2 between the second segment 2142 and the third segment 2143 is less than 25°, the radial load-bearing capacity of the first main fiber line 214 will be too small. When the air bladder structure is inflated, it will be unable to withstand radial tension, resulting in excessive radial deformation of the main segment 14. If the included angle γ2 between the second segment 2142 and the third segment 2143 is greater than 50°, the axial load-bearing capacity of the first main fiber line 214 will be too small. When the air spring is axially stretched, the axial load-bearing capacity of the main segment 14 will be insufficient, making it difficult to guarantee the static and dynamic performance of the air spring.

[0138] In some embodiments, the included angle γ2 between the second sub-segment 2142 and the third sub-segment 2143 is set to 25°, 30°, 40°, 50°, or any value between the two.

[0139] If the included angle γ3 between the fourth and sixth segments is less than 110°, the radial load-bearing capacity of the second main fiber line will be too small. When the air bladder structure is inflated, it will be unable to withstand radial tension, resulting in excessive radial deformation of the main segment 14. If the included angle γ3 between the fourth and sixth segments is greater than 140°, the axial load-bearing capacity of the second main fiber line will be too small. When the air spring is axially stretched, the axial load-bearing capacity of the main segment 14 will be insufficient, making it difficult to guarantee the static and dynamic performance of the air spring.

[0140] In some embodiments, the included angle γ3 between the fourth sub-segment and the sixth sub-segment is set to 110°, 120°, 130°, 140°, or any value between any two.

[0141] If the included angle γ4 between the fifth and sixth segments is less than 110°, the radial load-bearing capacity of the second main fiber line will be too small. When the air bladder structure is inflated, it will be unable to withstand radial tension, resulting in excessive radial deformation of the main segment 14. If the included angle γ4 between the fifth and sixth segments is greater than 140°, the axial load-bearing capacity of the second main fiber line will be too small. When the air spring is axially stretched, the axial load-bearing capacity of the main segment 14 will be insufficient, making it difficult to guarantee the static and dynamic performance of the air spring.

[0142] In some embodiments, the included angle γ4 between the fifth sub-segment and the sixth sub-segment is set to 110°, 120°, 130°, 140°, or any value between the two.

[0143] The main body segment 14 will bend and deform when the vehicle experiences bumps or bears torsional loads. By ensuring that the first and second sub-segments 2141 and 2142 have different inclination directions than the fourth and fifth sub-segments, the fiber threads are arranged in a cross-shaped distribution to accommodate multi-directional deformation. This allows it to withstand both radial and axial forces simultaneously, while also maintaining radial and axial shear resistance. Therefore, the skin structure can adapt to various working conditions and possesses excellent load-bearing capacity.

[0144] In some embodiments, the angle between the third segment 2143 and the axis of the capsule body 1 is θ1, satisfying: 0°≤θ1≤5°. And / or, the angle between the sixth segment and the axis of the capsule body 1 is θ2, satisfying: 0°≤θ2≤5°.

[0145] Understandably, the third segment 2143 and the sixth segment correspond to the crimping area of ​​the main body segment 14. Based on the angle between the third segment 2143 and the axis of the main body 1, and the angle between the sixth segment and the axis of the main body 1, the third segment 2143 and the sixth segment can have better radial bonding force with the main body 1, ensuring the uniformity of pressure during the crimping process, thereby improving the crimping tightness.

[0146] In some embodiments, the angle θ1 between the third segment 2143 and the axis of the capsule body 1 is set to 0°, 1°, 2°, 3°, 4°, 5°, or any value between the two. The angle θ2 between the sixth segment and the axis of the capsule body 1 is set to 0°, 1°, 2°, 3°, 4°, 5°, or any value between the two.

[0147] In some embodiments, the third segment 2143 is parallel to the axis of the capsule body 1. The sixth segment is also parallel to the axis of the capsule body 1. By ensuring that both the third segment 2143 and the sixth segment are parallel to the axis of the capsule body 1, axial separation during stress can be prevented, which would be detrimental to the crimp seal and may lead to a decrease in sealing performance.

[0148] like Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments, at least two functional segments further include a second clamping segment 15. The second clamping segment 15 is configured to connect a second pair of fittings, and the second clamping segment 15 is connected to the end of the main body segment 14 away from the first flexible segment 13. The first fiber layer 21 includes a third clamping fiber line 215 located within the second clamping segment 15. The third clamping fiber line 215 is connected to the end of the first main body fiber line 214 away from the first flexible fiber line 213. The third clamping fiber line 215 is linearly arranged, and the angle between the third clamping fiber line 215 and the axis of the capsule body 1 is α3, satisfying: 0°≤α3≤5°. And / or, the second fiber layer 22 includes a fourth clamping fiber line located within the second clamping segment 15. The fourth clamping fiber line is connected to the end of the second main body fiber line away from the second flexible fiber line. The fourth clamping fiber line is linearly arranged, and the angle between the fourth clamping fiber line and the axis of the capsule body 1 is α4, satisfying: 0°≤α4≤5°.

[0149] Understandably, the second pair of components is made of metal. For example, the second pair of components could be a piston or a lower seat. The second clamping section 15 serves as the area where the bladder structure and the metal components meet, used to mount the bladder structure onto the metal components to ensure the airtightness of the air spring. Based on the position of the second clamping section 15, the third clamping fiber line 215 and the fourth clamping fiber line inside it are arranged in a straight line, and the angle between them and the axis of the bladder body 1 is set within the range of 0° to 5°. Thus, the angle design of the third clamping fiber line 215 allows for better radial bonding force between the third clamping fiber line 215 and the bladder body 1, and the angle design of the fourth clamping fiber line allows for better radial bonding force between the fourth clamping fiber line and the bladder body 1, ensuring the uniformity of pressure during clamping and thus improving the clamping tightness.

[0150] In some embodiments, the included angle α3 between the third crimping fiber 215 and the axis of the capsule body 1 is set to 0°, 1°, 2°, 3°, 4°, 5°, or any value between the two. The included angle α4 between the fourth crimping fiber 215 and the axis of the capsule body 1 is set to 0°, 1°, 2°, 3°, 4°, 5°, or any value between the two.

[0151] In some embodiments, the third crimping fiber 215 is parallel to the axis of the capsule body 1. The fourth crimping fiber 215 is also parallel to the axis of the capsule body 1. By ensuring that both the third and fourth crimping fiber 215 are parallel to the axis of the capsule body 1, axial separation during stress can be prevented, which would be detrimental to the crimp seal and could potentially lead to a decrease in sealing performance.

[0152] In some embodiments, the angle between the third crimping fiber 215 and the axis of the capsule body 1 is +5°, and the angle between the fourth crimping fiber 215 and the axis of the capsule body 1 is +5°. Alternatively, the angle between the third crimping fiber 215 and the axis of the capsule body 1 is -5°, and the angle between the fourth crimping fiber 215 and the axis of the capsule body 1 is -5°. It should be noted that the inclination directions of the third crimping fiber 215 and the fourth crimping fiber 215 can be the same or different. +5° and -5° represent the difference in the relative positions of the fiber 215 and the axis of the capsule body 1.

[0153] like Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments, the third crimping fiber 215 is spaced at least two apart circumferentially along the body 1 of the capsule, wherein the distance between any two adjacent third crimping fiber 215 is d9, satisfying: 1 mm ≤ d9 ≤ 3 mm. And / or, the fourth crimping fiber 215 is spaced at least two apart circumferentially along the body 1 of the capsule, wherein the distance between any two adjacent fourth crimping fiber 215 is d10, satisfying: 1 mm ≤ d10 ≤ 3 mm.

[0154] Understandably, by setting the spacing d9 between each pair of adjacent third crimping fiber lines 215 in the range of 1 mm to 3 mm, the third crimping fiber line 215 acts on the second crimping section 15, giving the second crimping section 15 good radial load-bearing capacity. This helps to provide better bonding force to the area, ensuring that the second crimping section 15 can effectively transfer load when connected to the second pair of fittings, improving axial load transfer efficiency, enhancing resistance while reducing shear stress, and ensuring sealing performance.

[0155] If the distance d9 between any two adjacent third crimping fiber lines 215 is less than 1 mm, it will increase the difficulty of processing the skin structure, resulting in difficult processing, high manufacturing cost, and hindering the crimping between the skin structure and the metal parts. If the distance d9 between any two adjacent third crimping fiber lines 215 is greater than 3 mm, it will reduce the load-bearing capacity of the second crimping section 15, hindering the bonding between the second crimping section 15 and the mating metal parts.

[0156] In some embodiments, the spacing d9 between each pair of adjacent third crimped fibers 215 is set to 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, or any value between the two.

[0157] By setting the spacing d10 between each pair of adjacent fourth crimping fibers in the range of 1 mm to 3 mm, the fourth crimping fibers act on the second crimping section 15, giving the second crimping section 15 good radial load-bearing capacity. This helps to provide better bonding force to the area, ensuring that the second crimping section 15 can effectively transfer load when connected to the second pair of fittings, improving axial load transfer efficiency, enhancing resistance while reducing shear stress, and ensuring sealing performance.

[0158] If the spacing d10 between any two adjacent fourth crimping fiber lines is less than 1 mm, it will increase the processing difficulty of the skin structure, resulting in difficult processing, high manufacturing cost, and hindering the crimping between the skin structure and the metal parts. If the spacing d10 between any two adjacent fourth crimping fiber lines is greater than 3 mm, it will reduce the load-bearing capacity of the second crimping section 15, hindering the bonding between the second crimping section 15 and the mating metal parts.

[0159] In some embodiments, the spacing d10 between each pair of adjacent fourth crimping fibers is set to 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, or any value between the two.

[0160] like Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, at least two functional segments further include a second flexible segment 16. The second flexible segment 16 is disposed between the main body segment 14 and the second clamping segment 15. The first fiber layer 21 also includes a third flexible fiber line 216 located within the second flexible segment 16, the third flexible fiber line 216 connecting between the first main body fiber line 214 and the third clamping fiber line 215, and the third flexible fiber line 216 is configured as a curve. And / or, the second fiber layer 22 also includes a fourth flexible fiber line located within the second flexible segment 16, the fourth flexible fiber line connecting between the second main body fiber line and the fourth clamping fiber line, and the fourth flexible fiber line is configured as a curve.

[0161] Understandably, when the air spring's bladder structure is stretched / compressed, the second flexural segment 16 will repeatedly bend and deform, generating dynamic stress, and the inner and outer rubber surfaces of the second flexural segment 16 are prone to self-contact friction. The third and fourth flexural fiber lines are designed as curves to adapt to the load-bearing effects of the bladder structure during inflation and movement, and to maintain the stability of the second flexural segment 16 during repeated bending deformation. Simultaneously, the curved shape of the third and fourth flexural fiber lines increases the contact area between the fiber lines and the bladder body 1, thereby increasing the bending resistance of the second flexural segment 16, reducing interlayer friction during folding, improving bending compliance, and enhancing its fatigue performance.

[0162] In some embodiments, the third flexible fiber 216 is configured as a C-shape or an S-shape. And / or, the fourth flexible fiber 216 is configured as a C-shape or an S-shape.

[0163] Understandably, the third and fourth flexible fiber lines are designed in a C-shape or S-shape to allow them to adapt to the load-bearing load on the skin structure during inflation and movement, and to maintain the deformation stability of the second flexible segment 16 during repeated bending deformation. Simultaneously, designing the third and fourth flexible fiber lines in a C-shape or S-shape also increases the contact area between the fiber lines and the skin body 1, thereby increasing the bending resistance of the second flexible segment 16, reducing interlayer friction during folding, improving bending flexibility, and enhancing its fatigue performance.

[0164] In some embodiments, the third flexible fiber 216 is C-shaped, and the fourth flexible fiber 216 is C-shaped. Alternatively, the third flexible fiber 216 is S-shaped, and the fourth flexible fiber 216 is S-shaped.

[0165] like Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the third flexible fiber filaments 216 are spaced at least two apart circumferentially along the main body 1 of the capsule, wherein the distance between each two adjacent third flexible fiber filaments 216 is d11, satisfying: 0.8 mm ≤ d11 ≤ 2 mm. And / or, the fourth flexible fiber filaments are spaced at least two apart circumferentially along the main body 1 of the capsule, wherein the distance between each two adjacent fourth flexible fiber filaments is d12, satisfying: 0.8 mm ≤ d12 ≤ 2 mm.

[0166] Understandably, if the distance d11 between any two adjacent third flexible fiber lines 216 is less than 0.8 mm, it will increase manufacturing costs and easily cause friction between the third flexible fiber lines 216, leading to overheating or aging of the air spring. If the distance d11 between any two adjacent third flexible fiber lines 216 is greater than 2 mm, it will result in a larger stress load on the rubber substrate of the air spring body 1, causing excessive deformation of the rubber substrate, leading to unstable deformation of the air spring and reduced air spring performance.

[0167] In some embodiments, the spacing d11 between each pair of adjacent third flexural fiber lines 216 is set to 0.8 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, or any value between the two.

[0168] If the spacing d12 between any two adjacent fourth flexible fiber lines is less than 0.8 mm, it will increase manufacturing costs and easily cause friction between the fourth flexible fiber lines, leading to overheating or aging of the air spring. If the spacing d12 between any two adjacent fourth flexible fiber lines is greater than 2 mm, it will result in a large stress load on the rubber substrate of the air spring body 1, causing excessive deformation of the rubber substrate, leading to unstable deformation of the air spring and reduced performance of the air spring.

[0169] In some embodiments, the spacing d12 between each pair of adjacent fourth flexural fibers is set to 0.8 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, or any value between the two.

[0170] In this embodiment, the bladder structure, through customized design of the fiber layer 2 within the first crimping section 11, end section 12, first flexural section 13, main body section 14, second flexural section 16, and second crimping section 15, can improve the strength, fatigue resistance, and deformation stability of each functional section. This allows the bladder structure to possess material and structural properties that match the stress characteristics of each functional section, thereby enhancing the load-bearing capacity of the bladder structure, reducing fatigue damage, extending the service life and reliability of the bladder structure, and ultimately extending the service life of the air spring and improving the overall performance of the air spring.

[0171] The shell structure in this embodiment can lay the fiber filaments while the rubber is being extruded. By using a synchronous operation, the fiber filaments can be effectively embedded into the rubber substrate, increasing the adhesion between the fiber filaments and the rubber substrate, making the fiber filaments and the rubber substrate tightly bonded, and improving product reliability.

[0172] According to a second aspect of this application, an air spring is provided, which includes the aforementioned bladder structure. This air spring possesses all the beneficial effects of the aforementioned bladder structure, which will not be elaborated further herein.

[0173] According to a third aspect of this application, a suspension system is provided that includes the air spring described above. This suspension system possesses all the beneficial effects of the air spring described above, which will not be elaborated further herein.

[0174] According to a fourth aspect of this application, a vehicle is provided that includes the aforementioned suspension system, which has all the beneficial effects of the aforementioned suspension system, which will not be elaborated further herein.

[0175] The vehicle may be a gasoline-powered vehicle, a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, or a new energy vehicle, etc., and this application does not make any specific restrictions.

[0176] In the description of this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0177] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0178] The embodiments, implementation methods, and related technical features of this application can be combined and substituted for each other without conflict.

[0179] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application in any way. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of this application without departing from the scope of the technical solution of this application shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of this application.

Claims

1. A capsule-like structure, characterized in that, include: The main body of the capsule (1) includes at least two functional segments; A fiber layer (2) is disposed within the main body (1) of the capsule and includes fiber sections located in different functional segments, each fiber section having different design parameters.

2. The capsule-like structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the fiber portions includes at least two fiber lines arranged circumferentially spaced along the main body of the capsule (1), and the design parameters include at least one of the following: fiber line shape, fiber line spacing, and fiber line inclination angle.

3. The capsule-like structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fiber layer (2) includes a first fiber layer (21) and a second fiber layer (22) disposed within the capsule body (1). The first fiber layer (21) and the second fiber layer (22) are arranged radially spaced along the capsule body (1). Both the first fiber layer (21) and the second fiber layer (22) include at least two fiber lines arranged circumferentially spaced along the capsule body (1). In some functional segments, the shape of the fiber lines, the spacing between the fiber lines, and the inclination angle of the fiber lines of the first fiber layer (21) and the second fiber layer (22) are different in at least one parameter.

4. The capsule-like structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The main body (1) of the capsule is cylindrical, and the at least two functional segments include: The first crimping section (11) is configured to connect the first pair of fittings; The first fiber layer (21) includes a first buckling fiber line (211) located within the first buckling section (11). The first buckling fiber line (211) is arranged in a straight line. The angle between the first buckling fiber line (211) and the axis of the capsule body (1) is α1, which satisfies: 0°≤α1≤5°. And / or, the second fiber layer (22) includes a second buckling fiber line located within the first buckling section (11), the second buckling fiber line being arranged in a straight line, wherein the angle between the second buckling fiber line and the axis of the capsule body (1) is α2, satisfying: 0°≤α2≤5°.

5. The capsule-like structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first crimping fiber (211) is spaced at least two along the circumferential direction of the capsule body (1), wherein the spacing between each two adjacent first crimping fiber (211) is d1, satisfying: 1 mm ≤ d1 ≤ 3 mm; And / or, the second crimping fiber is spaced at least two circumferentially along the main body of the capsule (1), wherein the spacing between each two adjacent second crimping fiber is d2, satisfying: 1 mm ≤ d2 ≤ 3 mm.

6. The capsule-like structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The at least two functional segments also include: The end section (12) is connected to the first clamping section (11); The first fiber layer (21) further includes a first end fiber line (212) located within the end segment (12), the first end fiber line (212) being connected to the first crimping fiber line (211), the first end fiber line (212) being arranged in a straight line, wherein the angle between the first end fiber line (212) and the axis of the capsule body (1) is β1, satisfying: 20°≤β1≤60°; And / or, the second fiber layer (22) further includes a second end fiber line located within the end segment (12), the second end fiber line being connected to the second crimping fiber line, the second end fiber line being arranged in a straight line, wherein the angle between the second end fiber line and the axis of the capsule body (1) is β2, satisfying: 110°≤β2≤130°.

7. The capsule-like structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first end fiber line (212) is spaced at least two along the circumferential direction of the capsule body (1), wherein the distance between each two adjacent first end fiber lines (212) is d3, which satisfies: 0.8 mm ≤ d3 ≤ 2 mm; And / or, the second end fiber lines are spaced at least two apart along the circumferential direction of the capsule body (1), wherein the spacing between each pair of adjacent second end fiber lines is d4, satisfying: 0.8 mm ≤ d4 ≤ 2 mm.

8. The capsule-like structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The at least two functional segments also include: The first flexural section (13) is connected to the end of the end section (12) away from the first clamping section (11); The first fiber layer (21) further includes a first flexible fiber line (213) located within the first flexible segment (13), the first flexible fiber line (213) being connected to the end of the first end fiber line (212) away from the first crimping fiber line (211), wherein the first flexible fiber line (213) is configured to be curved. And / or, the second fiber layer (22) further includes a second flexural fiber line located within the first flexural segment (13), the second flexural fiber line being connected to the end of the second end fiber line away from the second crimping fiber line, wherein the second flexural fiber line is configured to be curved.

9. The capsule-like structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, The first flexural fiber (213) is configured as a C-shape or an S-shape; And / or, the second flexural fiber is configured as a C-shape or an S-shape.

10. The capsule-like structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, The first flexible fiber line (213) is spaced at least two along the circumferential direction of the capsule body (1), wherein the distance between each two adjacent first flexible fiber lines (213) is d5, satisfying: 0.8 mm ≤ d5 ≤ 2 mm; And / or, the second flexural fiber filaments are spaced at least two apart along the circumferential direction of the cyst body (1), wherein the spacing between each two adjacent second flexural fiber filaments is d6, satisfying: 0.8 mm ≤ d6 ≤ 2 mm.

11. The capsule-like structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, The at least two functional segments also include: The main body segment (14) is connected to the end of the first flexural segment (13) away from the end segment (12); The first fiber layer (21) further includes a first main fiber line (214) located within the main body segment (14). The first main fiber line (214) is connected to the end of the first flexed fiber line (213) away from the first end fiber line (212). The first main fiber lines (214) are spaced at least two apart along the circumferential direction of the capsule body (1). The distance between each pair of adjacent first main fiber lines (214) is d7, which satisfies: 0.8 mm ≤ d7 ≤ 1.2 mm. And / or, the second fiber layer (22) further includes a second main fiber line located within the main body segment (14), the second main fiber line being connected to the end of the second flexural fiber line away from the second end fiber line, the second main fiber lines being spaced at least two apart along the circumferential direction of the cyst body (1), wherein the spacing between each two adjacent second main fiber lines is d8, satisfying: 0.8 mm ≤ d8 ≤ 1.2 mm.

12. The capsule-like structure according to claim 11, characterized in that, The first main fiber thread (214) includes a first sub-segment (2141) and a second sub-segment (2142) spaced apart along the axial direction of the capsule body (1), and a third sub-segment (2143) connected between the first sub-segment (2141) and the second sub-segment (2142), wherein the first sub-segment (2141) and the third sub-segment (2143) are arranged at an angle, and the second sub-segment (2142) and the third sub-segment (2143) are arranged at an angle; And / or, the second main fiber thread includes a fourth sub-segment and a fifth sub-segment spaced apart along the axial direction of the cyst body (1), and a sixth sub-segment connected between the fourth sub-segment and the fifth sub-segment, wherein the fourth sub-segment and the sixth sub-segment are arranged at an angle, and the fifth sub-segment and the sixth sub-segment are arranged at an angle.

13. The capsule-like structure according to claim 12, characterized in that, The included angle between the first sub-segment (2141) and the third sub-segment (2143) is γ1, which satisfies: 25°≤γ1≤50°; And / or, the angle between the second sub-segment (2142) and the third sub-segment (2143) is γ2, satisfying: 25°≤γ2≤50°; And / or, the included angle between the fourth sub-segment and the sixth sub-segment is γ3, satisfying: 110°≤γ3≤140°; And / or, the included angle between the fifth sub-segment and the sixth sub-segment is γ4, satisfying: 110°≤γ4≤140°.

14. The capsule-like structure according to claim 12, characterized in that, The angle between the third sub-segment (2143) and the axis of the main body of the capsule (1) is θ1, which satisfies: 0°≤θ1≤5°; And / or, the angle between the sixth sub-segment and the axis of the skin body (1) is θ2, satisfying: 0°≤θ2≤5°.

15. The capsule-like structure according to claim 11, characterized in that, The at least two functional segments also include: The second crimping section (15) is configured to connect the second pair of fittings, and the second crimping section (15) is connected to the end of the main body section (14) away from the first flexural section (13); The first fiber layer (21) includes a third crimping fiber line (215) located within the second crimping section (15). The third crimping fiber line (215) is connected to the end of the first main fiber line (214) away from the first flexed fiber line (213). The third crimping fiber line (215) is arranged in a straight line. The angle between the third crimping fiber line (215) and the axis of the main body of the capsule (1) is α3, which satisfies: 0°≤α3≤5°. And / or, the second fiber layer (22) includes a fourth buckling fiber line located within the second buckling section (15), the fourth buckling fiber line being connected to the end of the second main fiber line away from the second flexural fiber line, the fourth buckling fiber line being arranged in a straight line, and the angle between the fourth buckling fiber line and the axis of the main body of the capsule (1) being α4, satisfying: 0°≤α4≤5°.

16. The capsule-like structure according to claim 15, characterized in that, The third crimping fiber (215) is spaced at least two along the circumferential direction of the capsule body (1), wherein the spacing between each two adjacent third crimping fiber (215) is d9, satisfying: 1 mm ≤ d9 ≤ 3 mm; And / or, the fourth crimping fiber is spaced at least two intervals along the circumferential direction of the cyst body (1), wherein the spacing between each two adjacent fourth crimping fiber is d10, satisfying: 1 mm ≤ d10 ≤ 3 mm.

17. The capsule-like structure according to claim 15, characterized in that, The at least two functional segments also include: The second flexural section (16) is disposed between the main body section (14) and the second clamping section (15); The first fiber layer (21) further includes a third flexible fiber line (216) located within the second flexible section (16), the third flexible fiber line (216) being connected between the first main fiber line (214) and the third crimped fiber line (215), and the third flexible fiber line (216) being configured as a curve; And / or, the second fiber layer (22) further includes a fourth flexural fiber line located within the second flexural segment (16), the fourth flexural fiber line being connected between the second main fiber line and the fourth crimping fiber line, the fourth flexural fiber line being configured as a curve.

18. The capsule-like structure according to claim 17, characterized in that, The third flexible fiber (216) is configured as a C-shape or an S-shape; And / or, the fourth flexural fiber is configured as a C-shape or an S-shape.

19. The capsule-like structure according to claim 17, characterized in that, The third flexible fiber line (216) is spaced at least two along the circumferential direction of the capsule body (1), wherein the spacing between each two adjacent third flexible fiber lines (216) is d11, satisfying: 0.8 mm ≤ d11 ≤ 2 mm; And / or, the fourth flexural fiber line is spaced at least two circumferentially along the main body of the capsule (1), wherein the spacing between each two adjacent fourth flexural fiber lines is d12, satisfying: 0.8 mm ≤ d12 ≤ 2 mm.

20. An air spring, characterized in that, Includes the capsule-like structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 19.

21. A suspension system, characterized in that, Includes the air spring as described in claim 20.

22. A vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the suspension system as described in claim 21.

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