Multi-control type double-bin mud circulating system and heading machine

Abstract

This utility model belongs to the field of tunneling equipment, specifically providing a multi-control dual-compartment mud circulation system and a tunneling machine. The system includes a mud-water compartment, an air cushion compartment, a mud inlet pipe, and a mud discharge pipe. A gate is installed between the bottom of the mud-water compartment and the bottom of the air cushion compartment. The mud inlet pipe includes a main mud inlet pipe connected to a mud-water compartment mud inlet pipe and an air cushion compartment mud inlet pipe. The mud discharge pipe includes a main mud discharge pipe connected to a mud-water compartment direct discharge pipe and an air cushion compartment mud discharge pipe. A connecting pipe connects the mud-water compartment and the air cushion compartment, and the connecting pipe is equipped with an on / off valve. The on / off valve has a working mode where it remains open when the gate is closed. In this mode, the mud in the mud-water compartment can be efficiently discharged from the mud-water compartment direct discharge pipe, preventing it from entering the air cushion compartment through the bottom gate, thus solving the problem of mud stagnation at the bottom of the air cushion compartment during construction in soft soil and soft rock strata. The tunneling machine includes the above-described system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of tunneling equipment, and in particular relates to a multi-control dual-compartment mud circulation system and a tunneling machine. Background Technology

[0002] Slurry discharge and muck removal are crucial steps in the construction process of slurry balance shield tunneling machines and related multi-mode tunneling machines (hereinafter referred to as slurry tunneling machines). The slurry circulation system, which is related to slurry discharge and muck removal, is a key system for slurry tunneling machines. This system generally includes slurry inlet pipes, slurry outlet pipes, bypass pipes, backwashing pipes, flushing pipes, and various corresponding slurry pumps. Currently, tunnel construction is trending towards ultra-deep, ultra-large diameter, and ultra-complex geological formations. For these complex formations, existing slurry tunneling machines currently lack effective solutions.

[0003] Generally, air-cushion type slurry tunneling machines are considered suitable for strata with many surface structures, high requirements for surface deformation accuracy, and large water inflow, as they can mix compressed air and slurry within the air cushion chamber and indirectly control the pressure of the excavation chamber by adjusting the air pressure. Direct-discharge type slurry tunneling machines have higher slag removal efficiency and lower mud cake retention rate, making them suitable for strata with fewer surface structures and lower requirements for surface deformation accuracy.

[0004] In some complex geological formations, large-diameter slag cut by the cutterhead cannot be discharged or broken up in time through the pipeline, causing problems such as sluggish discharge, pipe blockage and pump jamming, which restricts tunneling efficiency and leads to a long construction period.

[0005] Patent application CN105332711A discloses a slurry shield tunneling machine with a slurry circulation system. This system includes an excavation chamber (slurry chamber), an air cushion chamber, a slurry inlet assembly, a slurry outlet assembly, an inlet pump, an outlet pump, a gate, a pressure-maintaining device, and a rock-crushing device. The gate is located between the excavation chamber and the air cushion chamber, allowing communication between them when the gate is open. The rock-crushing device is located within the air cushion chamber and, upon activation, breaks large-diameter rocks into smaller pieces. Furthermore, a connecting pipe connects the excavation chamber and the air cushion chamber. The slurry inlet assembly includes branch inlet pipes connecting to both the air cushion chamber and the excavation chamber, and the slurry outlet assembly includes branch outlet pipes connecting to both the air cushion chamber and the excavation chamber.

[0006] Based on the above structure, the mud circulation system described above can achieve two working modes:

[0007] When the system is in the first working mode, the gate is closed to isolate the excavation chamber and the air cushion chamber. The slurry inlet branch pipe connected to the excavation chamber is opened to introduce slurry into the excavation chamber, and at the same time, the slurry outlet branch pipe connected to the excavation chamber is opened to extract the slurry from the excavation chamber. When the system is in the second working mode, the gate is opened to connect the excavation chamber and the slurry chamber. The slurry inlet branch pipes connected to the excavation chamber and the air cushion chamber are opened simultaneously to introduce slurry into both chambers. The stone crushing device can be activated to crush large-diameter slag. The slurry outlet branch pipe connected to the excavation chamber is opened to extract slurry from the air cushion chamber.

[0008] Of the two working modes described above, the first mode is essentially a direct slurry discharge mode, while the second mode is an air cushion control mode (air cushion bottom discharge mode). This allows the slurry circulation system to combine the advantages of both methods. For formations with poor self-stability, it is necessary to switch to the second mode to maintain face stability. In this mode, after the gate is opened, some slurry enters the bottom of the air cushion chamber and is discharged outwards. This mode results in a longer slurry discharge path. For formations dominated by soft soil and soft rock with relatively few large-diameter gravel, slurry stagnation within the air cushion chamber can easily occur during actual construction, leading to low slurry discharge efficiency and impacting the construction period.

[0009] In addition, to maintain the pressure of the excavation chamber in the first working mode, the above-mentioned mud circulation system is also equipped with a pressure sensor to detect the pressure of the excavation chamber, and adjusts the flow rate of the slurry inlet pump or the slurry outlet pump according to the pressure of the excavation chamber. Specifically, when the pressure of the excavation chamber is higher than the set value, the flow rate of the slurry inlet pump can be reduced or the flow rate of the slurry outlet pump can be increased; when the pressure of the excavation chamber is lower than the set value, the flow rate of the slurry inlet pump can be increased or the flow rate of the slurry outlet pump can be reduced to maintain the pressure stability in the excavation chamber.

[0010] Even so, the aforementioned mud circulation system still has the following problems: First, the flow rate of the discharge or intake pump is difficult to control accurately. For example, reducing the impeller speed of the intake or discharge pump can reduce its flow rate, but in reality, even a small reduction in speed can lead to a sudden drop in flow rate, making precise flow control difficult and consequently, accurate pressure relief in the event of overpressure in the mud chamber. Second, during construction in strata with high water pressure, water inrush can easily cause excessively high instantaneous pressure in the mud chamber. In this case, simply reducing the flow rate of the intake pump cannot release the pressure in the mud chamber, which can easily cause surface uplift during actual construction, failing to meet construction requirements. Utility Model Content

[0011] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-control dual-compartment mud circulation system to solve the technical problem in existing mud circulation systems where the air cushion compartment easily gets stuck during construction in formations with poor self-stability, thus affecting construction efficiency. Another purpose of this invention is to provide a tunneling machine to solve the same technical problem.

[0012] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the multi-control dual-compartment mud circulation system provided by this utility model is as follows:

[0013] A multi-control dual-compartment mud circulation system includes a mud-water compartment, an air cushion compartment, a mud inlet pipe, and a mud outlet pipe. A gate is provided between the bottom of the mud-water compartment and the bottom of the air cushion compartment. The air cushion compartment is equipped with a slag and stone treatment device located behind the gate. The mud inlet pipe includes a main mud inlet pipe, which is connected to a mud-water compartment mud inlet pipe leading to the mud-water compartment and an air cushion compartment mud inlet pipe leading to the air cushion compartment. The mud outlet pipe includes a main mud outlet pipe, which is connected to a mud-water compartment direct outlet pipe leading to the mud-water compartment and an air cushion compartment discharge pipe leading to the air cushion compartment. A connecting pipe is connected between the mud-water compartment and the air cushion compartment. The connecting pipe is equipped with an on / off valve, wherein the on / off valve has a working mode of remaining open when the gate is closed, so that the mud-water compartment and the air cushion compartment are kept connected only through the connecting pipe.

[0014] As a further improvement, a pressure sensor is installed in the mud tank. The mud circulation system also includes a fully depressurized pipeline connected to the mud tank and an adjustable depressurized pipeline connected to the main slurry inlet pipe. The fully depressurized pipeline is equipped with a fully depressurized valve, and the adjustable depressurized pipeline is equipped with an adjustable depressurized valve with an adjustable opening, so as to regulate the pressure of the mud tank by controlling the fully depressurized valve and the adjustable depressurized valve.

[0015] As a further improvement, both the full relief valve and the adjustable relief valve are communicatively connected to an automatic control system to control the on / off state of the full relief valve and adjust the opening degree of the adjustable relief valve based on the pressure sensor values.

[0016] As a further improvement, the mud circulation system also includes a pressure relief and sewage system, with both adjustable pressure relief lines and fully pressure relief lines connected to the pressure relief and sewage system.

[0017] As a further improvement, the mud circulation system also includes a slurry pump protection pipe connected to the main slurry inlet pipe and the main slurry outlet pipe. The slurry pump protection pipe is equipped with a slurry pump protection valve, and the connection point between the slurry pump protection pipe and the main slurry outlet pipe is located upstream of the slurry pump configured on the main slurry outlet pipe.

[0018] As a further improvement, both ends of the slurry pump protection pipe are connected to the bypass pipe of the mud circulation system.

[0019] As a further improvement, the mud circulation system also includes a pressure compensation pipe, with its two ends connected to different positions upstream and downstream of the main slurry inlet pipe. The connection points between the two ends of the pressure compensation pipe and the main slurry inlet pipe are located downstream of the connection point between the main slurry inlet pipe and the bypass pipe in the mud circulation system. The pressure compensation pipe is equipped with an adjustable pressure compensation valve.

[0020] As a further improvement, a grid is installed between the front end of the air cushion slurry discharge pipe and the slag and stone processing device.

[0021] This utility model is an improved invention, and its beneficial effects are as follows: The mud circulation system in this utility model has three control modes during construction. Since both the mud-water chamber and the air cushion chamber have corresponding pipelines for mud inlet and outlet, consistent with the prior art, the mud circulation system has a mud-water chamber direct discharge mode and an air cushion bottom discharge mode. In the air cushion bottom discharge mode, large-diameter slag can enter the bottom of the air cushion chamber and be discharged from the air cushion chamber after being processed by the slag treatment device.

[0022] Unlike existing technologies, the mud circulation system, by configuring an on / off valve in the connecting pipe, can also achieve a direct air cushion discharge system, where the pressure inside the air cushion chamber is used to balance the pressure at the working face, allowing mud to be directly discharged from the mud-water chamber. Specifically, in this mode, the gate is closed, the on / off valve is open, and the mud-water chamber and the air cushion chamber are connected only through the connecting pipe. Based on the principle of the communicating vessel, the slurry pressure inside the air cushion chamber can be used to balance the water and soil pressure at the working face, while the slurry inside the mud-water chamber can be efficiently discharged from the direct discharge pipe without entering the air cushion chamber through the gate at the bottom, thus solving the problem of sluggish discharge at the bottom of the air cushion chamber during construction in soft soil and soft rock strata.

[0023] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution for the tunneling machine provided by this utility model is as follows:

[0024] A tunneling machine includes a mud circulation system, which comprises a mud-water chamber, an air cushion chamber, a mud inlet pipe, and a mud outlet pipe. A gate is provided between the bottom of the mud-water chamber and the bottom of the air cushion chamber. The air cushion chamber is equipped with a slag treatment device located behind the gate. The mud inlet pipe includes a main mud inlet pipe, which is connected to a mud-water chamber mud inlet pipe leading to the mud-water chamber and an air cushion chamber mud inlet pipe leading to the air cushion chamber. The mud outlet pipe includes a main mud outlet pipe, which is connected to a mud-water chamber direct outlet pipe leading to the mud-water chamber and an air cushion chamber mud outlet pipe leading to the air cushion chamber. A connecting pipe is provided between the mud-water chamber and the air cushion chamber. The connecting pipe is equipped with an on / off valve, wherein the on / off valve has a working mode of remaining open when the gate is closed, so that the mud-water chamber and the air cushion chamber are kept connected only through the connecting pipe.

[0025] As a further improvement, a pressure sensor is installed in the mud tank. The mud circulation system also includes a fully depressurized pipeline connected to the mud tank and an adjustable depressurized pipeline connected to the main slurry inlet pipe. The fully depressurized pipeline is equipped with a fully depressurized valve, and the adjustable depressurized pipeline is equipped with an adjustable depressurized valve with an adjustable opening, so as to regulate the pressure of the mud tank by controlling the fully depressurized valve and the adjustable depressurized valve.

[0026] As a further improvement, both the full relief valve and the adjustable relief valve are communicatively connected to an automatic control system to control the on / off state of the full relief valve and adjust the opening degree of the adjustable relief valve based on the pressure sensor values.

[0027] As a further improvement, the mud circulation system also includes a pressure relief and sewage system, with both adjustable pressure relief lines and fully pressure relief lines connected to the pressure relief and sewage system.

[0028] As a further improvement, the mud circulation system also includes a slurry pump protection pipe connected to the main slurry inlet pipe and the main slurry outlet pipe. The slurry pump protection pipe is equipped with a slurry pump protection valve, and the connection point between the slurry pump protection pipe and the main slurry outlet pipe is located upstream of the slurry pump configured on the main slurry outlet pipe.

[0029] As a further improvement, both ends of the slurry pump protection pipe are connected to the bypass pipe of the mud circulation system.

[0030] As a further improvement, the mud circulation system also includes a pressure compensation pipe, with its two ends connected to different positions upstream and downstream of the main slurry inlet pipe. The connection points between the two ends of the pressure compensation pipe and the main slurry inlet pipe are located downstream of the connection point between the main slurry inlet pipe and the bypass pipe in the mud circulation system. The pressure compensation pipe is equipped with an adjustable pressure compensation valve.

[0031] As a further improvement, a grid is installed between the front end of the air cushion slurry discharge pipe and the slag and stone processing device.

[0032] This utility model is an improved invention, and its beneficial effects are as follows: The mud circulation system of the tunneling machine in this utility model has three control modes during construction. Since both the mud-water chamber and the air cushion chamber have corresponding pipelines for mud inlet and outlet, consistent with the prior art, the mud circulation system has a mud-water chamber direct discharge mode and an air cushion bottom discharge mode. In the air cushion bottom discharge mode, large-diameter slag can enter the bottom of the air cushion chamber and be discharged from the air cushion chamber after being processed by the slag treatment device.

[0033] Unlike existing technologies, the mud circulation system, by configuring an on / off valve in the connecting pipe, can also achieve a direct air cushion discharge system, where the pressure inside the air cushion chamber is used to balance the pressure at the working face, allowing mud to be directly discharged from the mud-water chamber. Specifically, in this mode, the gate is closed, the on / off valve is open, and the mud-water chamber and the air cushion chamber are connected only through the connecting pipe. Based on the principle of the communicating vessel, the slurry pressure inside the air cushion chamber can be used to balance the water and soil pressure at the working face, while the slurry inside the mud-water chamber can be efficiently discharged from the direct discharge pipe without entering the air cushion chamber through the gate at the bottom, thus solving the problem of sluggish discharge at the bottom of the air cushion chamber during construction in soft soil and soft rock strata. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main unit of the tunneling machine in this utility model (only the structure related to the mud circulation system is shown).

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the multi-control dual-compartment mud circulation system of this utility model;

[0036] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A partial schematic diagram of the central shield section;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-control dual-compartment mud circulation system in the air cushion bottom discharge mode of this utility model;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-control dual-compartment mud circulation system in the direct mud-water discharge mode of this utility model;

[0039] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-control dual-compartment mud circulation system in the air cushion direct discharge mode of this utility model;

[0040] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of other installation methods for the slurry pump protection pipe in the implementation of the multi-control dual-compartment mud circulation system of this utility model.

[0041] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0042] 1. Cutterhead; 2. Shield body; 3. Connecting pipe; 4. Full pressure relief pipe; 5. Full pressure relief valve; 6. Main slurry inlet pipe; 7. Adjustable pressure relief pipe; 8. Adjustable pressure relief valve; 9. Pressure compensation valve; 10. Slurry inlet pump; 11. Slurry discharge pump protection pipe; 12. Slurry discharge pump protection valve; 13. Slurry discharge pump; 14. Bypass pipe; 15. Backwash pipe; 16. Internal bypass; 17. Main slurry discharge pipe; 18. Grille; 19. Slag and stone treatment device; 20. Gate; 21. Flushing pipe; 201. Slurry tank; 202. Air cushion tank; 301. On / off valve. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To improve the tunneling efficiency of slurry tunneling machines in unstable soft soil and rock formations and reduce the risk of slurry runoff, the basic technical concept of this invention is to connect the slurry chamber and the air cushion chamber with a connecting pipe when the gate is closed. Provided that the pressurized slurry inside the air cushion chamber can be used to balance the water and soil pressure at the tunnel face, slurry can be directly discharged from the slurry chamber. In this mode, the slurry at the bottom of the slurry chamber will not enter the air cushion chamber, resulting in a shorter discharge path and higher discharge efficiency.

[0044] Based on the above concept, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to some embodiments.

[0045] Specific implementation method of the multi-control dual-compartment mud circulation system provided by this utility model:

[0046] As a basic implementation method, the multi-control dual-compartment mud circulation system provided in this embodiment serves as... Figure 1 The key systems of the slurry tunneling machine shown are basically consistent with existing technologies. The slurry circulation system mainly includes a slurry chamber 201, an air cushion chamber 202, a slurry inlet pipe, a slurry outlet pipe, a bypass pipe 14, and a backwashing pipe 15. The slurry chamber 201 refers to the cavity between the cutterhead 1 and the front partition of the shield 2, while the air cushion chamber 202 refers to the cavity between the front and rear partitions of the shield 2. A pressure sensor is installed in the slurry chamber 201 to monitor its pressure. The air cushion chamber 202 is connected to a gas pressure-maintaining system to introduce high-pressure gas at a certain pressure into the air cushion chamber 202 to maintain its internal pressure. The pressure sensor and gas pressure-maintaining system are essentially the same as existing technologies and will not be described in detail here.

[0047] like Figure 2 As shown, the slurry inlet pipeline includes a main slurry inlet pipe 6, and naturally, a slurry inlet pump 10 should be installed on the main slurry inlet pipe 6. The downstream side of the main slurry inlet pipe 6 is connected to slurry inlet pipes for the mud-water tank 201 and the air cushion tank 202, respectively, which can respectively send slurry into the mud-water tank 201 and the air cushion tank 202. Specifically, corresponding branch slurry inlet pipes can be arranged as needed. For example, the pipe leading to the mud-water tank 201 can be defined as the mud-water tank slurry inlet pipe, and the pipe leading to the air cushion tank 202 can be defined as the air cushion tank slurry inlet pipe. The number and position of the mud-water tank slurry inlet pipe and the air cushion tank slurry inlet pipe are not specifically limited here. Those skilled in the art can flexibly set them according to actual needs (e.g., flushing, slurry replenishment positions).

[0048] The slurry discharge pipeline includes a main slurry discharge pipe 17, and naturally, a slurry discharge pump 13 should be installed on the main slurry discharge pipe 17. The upstream side of the main slurry discharge pipe 17 is connected to slurry discharge pipes for the mud-water tank 201 and the air cushion tank 202, respectively, allowing slurry to be discharged from both tanks. Specifically, branch slurry discharge pipelines can be arranged as needed. The branch slurry discharge pipe leading to the mud-water tank 201 can be defined as a direct discharge pipe for the mud-water tank, and the branch slurry discharge pipe leading to the air cushion tank 202 can be defined as a slurry discharge pipe for the air cushion tank. Preferably, as follows... Figure 1 As shown, the mud and water bin direct discharge pipe can be connected to the left and right sides of the mud and water bin 201 respectively. In other words, the left and right sides of the mud and water bin 201 are each connected to a mud and water bin direct discharge pipe. In this way, no matter whether the cutter head 1 rotates clockwise or counterclockwise, it can be ensured that one side of the mud and water bin direct discharge pipe can play the role of discharging slurry, thus ensuring a high slurry discharge efficiency.

[0049] like Figures 1-3 As shown, a gate 20 is provided between the bottom of the mud-water chamber 201 and the bottom of the air cushion chamber 202. Specifically, the gate 20 can be installed on the front bulkhead of the shield body 2. When the gate 20 is open, as... Figure 1 As shown, the bottom of the slurry bin 201 is connected to the bottom of the air cushion bin 202, allowing large-diameter slag and slurry in the slurry bin 201 to enter the air cushion bin 202. The air cushion bin 202 is equipped with a slag treatment device 19 located behind the gate 20. The slag entering the air cushion bin 202 from the slurry bin 201 can be crushed into smaller-diameter fragments by the slag treatment device 19, facilitating discharge from the air cushion bin's discharge pipe. The specific structure of the slag treatment device 19 can be consistent with existing technology, and can be a jaw crusher or a toothed crushing mechanism; no specific limitation is made here.

[0050] Preferably, a grid 18 is provided between the front end of the air cushion slurry discharge pipe and the slag treatment device 19. The size of the grid 18 determines the particle size of the slag that can enter the air cushion slurry discharge pipe, which can prevent larger pieces of slag that have not been crushed from entering the air cushion slurry discharge pipe and causing blockage.

[0051] It should be noted that the pipelines mentioned above can be configured with valves and connecting joints to control the flow of the pipelines as needed. The valves and connecting joints on each pipeline will not be described in detail here.

[0052] A connecting pipe 3 connects the mud and water tank 201 and the air cushion tank 202. A shut-off valve 301 is installed on the connecting pipe 3. When the shut-off valve 301 is open, the mud and water tank 201 and the air cushion tank 202 can be connected through the connecting pipe 3. Specifically, the type of shut-off valve 301 is not specifically limited here, as long as it can realize the opening and closing of the connecting pipe 3.

[0053] Based on the above description of the relevant structures, the mud circulation system has the following three slurry discharge and slag removal control modes:

[0054] 1. Air cushion bottom type: such as Figure 4 As shown, the gate 20 is in the open state, and the on / off valve 301 on the connecting pipe 3 can be opened or closed, connecting the air cushion chamber 202 and the slurry chamber 201. In this mode, the main slurry inlet pipe 6 can deliver slurry to the slurry chamber 201 and / or the air cushion chamber 202 as needed. The slurry in the air cushion chamber 202 is pressurized by the gas pressure-maintaining system to balance the water and soil pressure at the working face. Large-diameter slag cut by the cutterhead 1 can enter the air cushion chamber 202 through the bottom of the slurry chamber 201, and after being processed by the slag treatment device 19, it is sent from the air cushion chamber slurry discharge pipe to the main slurry discharge pipe 17 and discharged from the main slurry discharge pipe 17.

[0055] This mode is suitable for situations where the working face has poor self-stability, high pressure control precision is required, there is a large influx of water from the formation, and the slag and rock falling into the slurry bin 201 after being cut by the cutterhead 1 are of high strength, hardness, large particle size, and large quantity, requiring crushing. It is generally suitable for construction situations such as composite formations, soft soil formations, full-section formations, soft upper and hard lower formations, fractured / fractured zones, and situations requiring high surface deformation control.

[0056] II. Direct Discharge Type of Sludge and Water: such as Figure 5 As shown, gate 20 is in the closed state, and on / off valve 301 on connecting pipe 3 is also in the closed state; air cushion chamber 202 and mud-water chamber 201 are not connected. In this mode, the main slurry inlet pipe 6 delivers all the slurry to mud-water chamber 201, effectively preventing mud cake formation on cutterhead 1 and stagnation at the bottom of mud-water chamber 201. The slag cut by cutterhead 1 directly enters the main slurry discharge pipe 17 through the mud-water chamber direct discharge pipe and is discharged by the main slurry discharge pipe 17.

[0057] This mode is suitable for situations where the working face has good stability, low requirements for pressure control precision, small inrush water volume, and the slag or clay clumps falling into the slurry chamber 201 after cutting by the cutterhead 1 are small and uniform in size (most of the particles are smaller than the inner diameter of the slurry chamber's direct discharge pipe), or have no stones. It is generally suitable for construction situations where the entire cross-section is relatively hard and the requirements for surface deformation control are low. This mode requires the minimum total slurry inlet and outlet flow rates, but because all the slurry is pumped to the slurry chamber 201, this method often has a better effect on preventing mud cake formation on the cutterhead 1 and slurry gate stagnation under low flow conditions, thus minimizing energy or resource consumption.

[0058] III. Air cushion direct-release type: such as Figure 6As shown, gate 20 is in the closed state, and on / off valve 301 on connecting pipe 3 is in the open state. Air cushion chamber 202 and mud-water chamber 201 are connected through connecting pipe 3. In this mode, the main slurry inlet pipe 6 sends most of the slurry to mud-water chamber 201 and a small portion to air cushion chamber 202. After the slurry in air cushion chamber 202 is pressurized by the gas pressure holding system, the slurry pressure can balance the water and soil pressure at the working face based on the principle of communicating vessels. The slag cut by cutterhead 1 is directly discharged into the main slurry discharge pipe 17 through the mud-water chamber direct discharge pipe and discharged by the main slurry discharge pipe 17.

[0059] This mode is suitable for situations where the working face has poor stability, high pressure control precision is required, and there is a large influx of water from the formation. However, after cutting by the cutterhead 1, the slag or clay particles falling into the slurry chamber 201 are small and uniform in size (generally, the vast majority of the particles are smaller than the inner diameter of the slurry chamber's direct discharge pipe), or there are no stones. It is generally suitable for soft soil strata and hard rock strata with a full cross-section in composite formations.

[0060] As can be seen from the above description, in this embodiment, the on / off valve 301 configured in the connecting pipe 3 has the function of remaining open when the gate 20 is closed, which corresponds to the air cushion direct discharge mode. In this mode, the slag cut by the cutter head 1 can be discharged through the mud and water bin direct discharge pipe. The slag discharge path is short, and the slurry will not enter the air cushion bin 202 in large quantities. The slurry discharge efficiency is high, reducing the risk of sludge stagnation in the air cushion bin 202.

[0061] During the construction process using Mode 2, since the air cushion chamber 202 and the mud and water chamber 201 are not connected, the pressure of the mud and water chamber 201 may fluctuate. This fluctuation may be a slow fluctuation of overpressure within a certain set safety range, or it may be a violent fluctuation (such as a large amount of water gushing from a high water pressure stratum). Therefore, it is necessary to maintain the pressure balance of the mud and water chamber 201.

[0062] In this context, in some preferred embodiments, the mud circulation system further includes a fully depressurized pipeline 4 connected to the mud-water tank 201, and a fully depressurized valve 5 is provided on the fully depressurized pipeline 4. Simultaneously, the mud circulation system also includes an adjustable depressurized pipeline 7 connected to the main slurry inlet pipe 6, and an adjustable depressurized valve 8 with an adjustable opening degree is provided on the adjustable depressurized pipeline 7.

[0063] Under normal circumstances, the complete pressure relief valve 5 is closed. If the pressure in the mud-water silo 201 suddenly increases beyond the maximum range in a short period of time (the judgment conditions for sudden increase and the maximum range can be preset in the early stage of construction), the complete pressure relief valve 5 is opened, and the discharged waste slurry can be discharged through the complete pressure relief pipe to quickly reduce the pressure in the mud-water silo 201 and regulate the mud-water pressure to stabilize. After the pressure in the mud-water silo 201 drops to the normal value, the complete pressure relief valve 5 can be closed.

[0064] In some cases, if the pressure in the mud and water tank 201 is slightly overpressured but does not exceed the maximum range, the opening of the adjustable pressure relief valve 8 can be adjusted according to the overpressure situation, so that the slurry in the main slurry inlet pipe 6 can be discharged from the adjustable pressure relief pipe, thereby reducing the slurry flow rate into the mud and water tank 201 and thus regulating the pressure of the mud and water tank 201.

[0065] This embodiment can quickly release the pressure inside the slurry chamber 201 by configuring a full pressure relief valve 5, ensuring normal construction even in the event of a sudden increase in pressure in the slurry chamber 201. At the same time, for cases where the pressure in the slurry chamber 201 increases gradually, the flow rate of slurry entering the slurry chamber 201 can be controlled by the adjustable pressure relief valve 8, thereby reducing the pressure in the slurry chamber 201.

[0066] It is easy to understand that adjusting the valve opening is a more precise method than controlling the feed pump 10 and discharge pump 13 to adjust the flow rate into the mud and water tank 201, thereby achieving the effect of precisely controlling the pressure of the mud and water tank 201.

[0067] It should be noted that during construction in the air cushion bottom discharge and mud-water direct discharge modes, if an emergency occurs and the pressure in mud-water chamber 201 suddenly increases, the full pressure relief valve 5 can also be opened to urgently relieve the pressure in mud-water chamber 201.

[0068] In addition, most fundamentally, consistent with conventional methods, the mud circulation system also features a bypass mode and a backflushing mode. When the bypass valve on the bypass pipe 14 is opened, the main slurry inlet pipe 6 and the main slurry outlet pipe 17 can be connected. Switching modes requires connection via the bypass pipe 14. The backflushing mode is used to clear blockages in the pipes. Furthermore, the mud circulation system is equipped with a flushing pipe 21, which can be connected to either the main slurry outlet pipe 17 or the main slurry inlet pipe 6. During construction in different modes, the slurry in the main slurry outlet pipe 17 or the main slurry inlet pipe 6 can be flushed towards the cutterhead 1 via the flushing pipe 21 to prevent mud cake formation on the cutterhead 1.

[0069] Preferably, both the full pressure relief valve 5 and the adjustable pressure relief valve 8 are communicatively connected to an automatic control system. That is, both the full pressure relief valve 5 and the adjustable pressure relief valve 8 are automatically controlled valves, such as electric valves, to control the on / off state of the full pressure relief valve 5 and the opening degree of the adjustable pressure relief valve 8 based on the pressure sensor readings. Compared to manually controlling the full pressure relief valve 5 and the adjustable pressure relief valve 8, this method offers a higher degree of automation. The specific communication connection method and communication protocol can be consistent with existing technologies and are not limited here.

[0070] In some preferred embodiments, the mud circulation system also includes a pressure relief and sewage discharge system, with both the adjustable pressure relief pipeline 7 and the fully pressure relief pipeline 4 connected to the pressure relief and sewage discharge system. Specifically, the pressure relief and sewage discharge system may include a collection and sewage discharge device with a collection chamber, such as a tank-shaped, cylindrical, or box-shaped structure (specifically, it may be mounted on a trailer or main unit attached to the tunnel boring machine). In this case, the discharged waste slurry can be collected and discharged from the collection and sewage discharge device. Specifically, it can be directly discharged into the external atmospheric pressure environment inside the tunnel, and then pumped away by the slag removal device mounted on the tunnel boring machine, or a pump can be configured to directly discharge the waste slurry outside the tunnel. It should be noted that in some other embodiments, it is not excluded that a pressure relief and sewage discharge system is not installed, and the adjustable pressure relief pipeline 7 and the fully pressure relief pipeline 4 directly discharge the waste slurry into the tunnel.

[0071] In some preferred embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the mud circulation system also includes a slurry pump protection pipe 11 connected to the main slurry inlet pipe 6 and the main slurry outlet pipe 17. The slurry pump protection pipe 11 is equipped with a slurry pump protection valve 12. Specifically, both ends of the slurry pump protection pipe 11 can be connected to a bypass pipe 14, meaning the slurry pump protection pipe 11 is connected to the main slurry inlet pipe 6 and the main slurry outlet pipe 17 via the bypass pipe 14. The basic function of the slurry pump protection valve 12 is to protect the slurry pump 13. During construction, if the main slurry outlet pipe 17 is blocked, to prevent damage to the slurry pump 13 due to dry running, the slurry pump protection valve 12 is opened, allowing the slurry to directly enter the main slurry outlet pipe 17 from the main slurry inlet pipe 6, thus ensuring the normal operation of the slurry pump 13. Similarly, the slurry pump protection pipe 11 can also be used as an auxiliary pipeline for regulating the pressure of the mud and water chamber 201. When the internal pressure of the mud and water chamber 201 is too high, the slurry pump protection valve 12 can be opened so that the slurry can enter the main slurry discharge pipe 17 from the main slurry inlet pipe 6, thereby reducing the slurry flow rate entering the mud and water chamber 201.

[0072] The slurry pump protection valve 12 can be either an adjustable valve or a non-adjustable shut-off valve. Preferably, the slurry pump protection valve 12 can also be connected to an automatic control system, which can control the opening and closing of the slurry pump protection valve 12 (corresponding to the shut-off valve) or control the opening degree of the slurry pump protection valve 12 based on the pressure sensor value.

[0073] It should be noted that in some other embodiments, the slurry pump protection pipe 11 can also be connected to other locations, such as... Figure 7 As shown, it can be connected to the backwashing pipe 15, or, in the case of configuring the internal bypass 16 (i.e., the bypass pipe located inside the main machine of the tunneling machine), it can also be connected to the internal bypass 16, or a separate pipe with both ends directly connected to the main slurry inlet pipe 6 and the main slurry outlet pipe 17 respectively. However, when it is set on the bypass pipe 14, the shortest slurry flow path can be obtained, which facilitates the rapid flow of slurry to the slurry outlet pump protection valve 12.

[0074] In some preferred embodiments, considering that the pressure in the mud slurry chamber 201 may decrease during mode switching and shutdown pressure holding, the mud circulation system also includes a pressure compensation pipe. The two ends of the pressure compensation pipe are connected to different positions upstream and downstream of the main slurry inlet pipe 6, respectively. The connection point between the two ends of the pressure compensation pipe and the main slurry inlet pipe 6 is located downstream of the connection point between the main slurry inlet pipe 6 and the bypass pipe 14. Simultaneously, the pressure compensation pipe is equipped with an adjustable pressure compensation valve 9.

[0075] When switching modes, if a decrease in pressure is detected in the mud-water silo 201, the opening of the pressure compensation valve 9 can be adjusted according to the degree of pressure decrease, so that a suitable flow of slurry can flow into the mud-water silo 201 to maintain the pressure in the mud-water silo 201. During shutdown and pressure maintenance, due to the permeability of the working face, the slurry in the mud-water silo 201 may be lost. At this time, the pressure compensation valve 9 can be opened with the main valve on the main slurry discharge pipe 17 closed to replenish the slurry in the mud-water silo 201.

[0076] As a further preferred embodiment, the pressure compensation valve 9 can also be connected to an automatic control system, and the pressure compensation valve 9 can be controlled according to the value of the pressure sensor.

[0077] It should be noted that the automatic control system for which the above valves are communicated can be integrated into one unit.

[0078] Specific implementation method of the tunneling machine in this utility model:

[0079] The tunneling machine is a slurry tunneling machine, which has a slurry circulation system. The specific structure of the slurry circulation system is the same as the implementation method of the multi-control dual-compartment slurry circulation system mentioned above, and will not be described in detail here.

[0080] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit this utility model. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still make modifications to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments without creative effort, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A multi-control dual-compartment mud circulation system, comprising a mud-water compartment, an air cushion compartment, a mud inlet pipe, and a mud outlet pipe, wherein a gate is provided between the bottom of the mud-water compartment and the bottom of the air cushion compartment, and the air cushion compartment is provided with a slag and stone treatment device located behind the gate; the mud inlet pipe includes a main mud inlet pipe connected to a mud-water compartment mud inlet pipe leading to the mud-water compartment and an air cushion compartment mud inlet pipe leading to the air cushion compartment; the mud outlet pipe includes a main mud outlet pipe connected to a mud-water compartment direct outlet pipe leading to the mud-water compartment and an air cushion compartment mud outlet pipe leading to the air cushion compartment; a connecting pipe connects the mud-water compartment and the air cushion compartment, characterized in that... The connecting pipe is equipped with an on / off valve, which has a working mode of remaining open when the gate is closed, so that the mud-water chamber and the air cushion chamber are kept connected only through the connecting pipe. The mud-water chamber is equipped with a pressure sensor. The mud circulation system also includes a fully depressurized pipeline connected to the mud-water chamber and an adjustable depressurized pipeline connected to the main slurry inlet pipe. The fully depressurized pipeline is equipped with a fully depressurized valve, and the adjustable depressurized pipeline is equipped with an adjustable depressurized valve with an adjustable opening, so as to regulate the pressure of the mud-water chamber by controlling the fully depressurized valve and the adjustable depressurized valve.

2. The multi-control dual-compartment mud circulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that it is completely... Both the pressure relief valve and the adjustable pressure relief valve are communicatively connected to an automatic control system to control the on / off state of the full pressure relief valve and adjust the opening degree of the adjustable pressure relief valve based on the pressure sensor values.

3. The multi-control dual-compartment mud circulation system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The mud circulation system also includes a pressure relief and sewage system, with adjustable pressure relief pipelines and fully pressure relief pipelines connected to the pressure relief and sewage system.

4. The multi-control dual-compartment mud circulation system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The mud circulation system also includes a slurry pump protection pipe connected to the main slurry inlet pipe and the main slurry outlet pipe. The slurry pump protection pipe is equipped with a slurry pump protection valve, and the connection point between the slurry pump protection pipe and the main slurry outlet pipe is located upstream of the slurry pump configured on the main slurry outlet pipe.

5. The multi-control dual-compartment mud circulation system according to claim 4, characterized in that, Both ends of the slurry pump protection pipe are connected to the bypass pipe of the mud circulation system.

6. The multi-control dual-compartment mud circulation system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The mud circulation system also includes a pressure compensation pipe, with its two ends connected to different positions upstream and downstream of the main slurry inlet pipe. The connection points between the two ends of the pressure compensation pipe and the main slurry inlet pipe are located downstream of the connection point between the main slurry inlet pipe and the bypass pipe in the mud circulation system. The pressure compensation pipe is equipped with an adjustable pressure compensation valve.

7. The multi-control dual-compartment mud circulation system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, A grating is installed between the front end of the air cushion slurry discharge pipe and the slag and stone processing device.

8. A tunneling machine, comprising a mud circulation system, characterized in that, The mud circulation system is the multi-controlled dual-compartment mud circulation system as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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