A large capacity compensating pressure regulator

Abstract

This utility model relates to the field of compensated voltage regulator technology, specifically, to a large-capacity compensated voltage regulator. It includes a detection circuit, a control circuit, and a compensation transformer. The detection circuit includes a voltage sensor, a current sensor, and a signal conditioning module. The signal conditioning circuit within the module consists of an amplification unit, a filter unit, and a buffer unit connected in sequence. The operational amplifier OA1 in the amplification unit generates bias voltage and adjusts the voltage signal amplitude. The operational amplifier OA2 in the filter unit filters out high-frequency interference signals. The operational amplifier OA3 in the buffer unit improves the circuit's driving capability and reduces the load's impact on the preceding stage. This utility model precisely processes the signal through the signal conditioning module and transmits it stably and accurately to the microcontroller, enabling it to control the compensation transformer for voltage compensation, ensuring stable power supply to the equipment, preventing equipment damage due to voltage fluctuations, and ensuring continuous and stable operation of the equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of compensating voltage regulator technology, specifically to a large-capacity compensating voltage regulator. Background Technology

[0002] Compensated voltage regulators, as core regulating devices in power systems, are widely used in areas such as voltage compensation at the end of the power grid and voltage stabilization of high-power industrial equipment. Traditional compensated voltage regulators collect grid parameters through voltage or current sensors, and after signal conditioning, the control circuit drives the windings of the compensation transformer to regulate the output voltage using the principle of electromagnetic induction. In existing technologies, the signal conditioning module often adopts a two-stage processing architecture, using operational amplifiers to adjust the signal amplitude and filter high-frequency noise, with its output directly connected to the analog-to-digital converter port of the controller. This design can meet the needs of small to medium capacity applications, but in large-capacity voltage regulation scenarios, due to drastic load current fluctuations and complex harmonic interference, impedance mismatch in the signal transmission path becomes increasingly prominent.

[0003] However, the existing two-stage signal conditioning architecture has significant drawbacks: Firstly, when the amplification and filtering units are directly cascaded, the output impedance of the preceding stage is difficult to match with the input impedance of the following stage, leading to signal attenuation and phase distortion between stages, especially under small signal conditions, which can easily cause the loss of effective information. Secondly, the conditioned signal needs to be transmitted over a long distance to the controller, and the distributed capacitance of the line and the equivalent capacitive load of the subsequent ADC sampling circuit will form a low-pass filtering effect, further reducing the signal edge steepness. When the compensation transformer is under full load, the signal-to-noise ratio of the weak signal collected by the detection circuit may drop below the critical value after traditional two-stage conditioning, causing the controller to misjudge the grid state, resulting in compensation lag or even malfunction. In severe cases, it can cause high-flow equipment to shut down due to voltage dips. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-capacity compensated voltage regulator to solve the problems of signal distortion caused by interstage impedance mismatch during small signal transmission, severe signal attenuation during long-distance transmission, and false triggering caused by insufficient signal-to-noise ratio under high load conditions in traditional voltage regulators.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, a high-capacity compensated voltage regulator is provided, comprising a detection circuit, a control circuit, and a compensation transformer. The detection circuit includes a voltage sensor and a current sensor, which are connected to a signal conditioning module. The signal conditioning module includes multiple signal conditioning circuits, each comprising an amplification unit, a filtering unit, and a buffer unit connected in sequence.

[0006] The amplification unit includes an operational amplifier OA1, which is used to generate bias voltage and adjust the amplitude of voltage signal.

[0007] The filtering unit includes an operational amplifier OA2, used to filter out high-frequency interference signals;

[0008] The buffer unit includes an operational amplifier OA3, which is used to improve the circuit driving capability and reduce the impact of the load on the preceding stage.

[0009] In the above technical solutions, traditional voltage regulators often adopt an integrated design of two-stage signal processing (amplification + filtering), which has problems such as inter-stage interference and long-distance transmission distortion. This utility model adds a buffer structure on this basis to avoid the risk of excessive attenuation of small signals. At the same time, it uses the common-mode rejection characteristics of the amplification stage to improve the signal-to-noise ratio in advance, so as to improve the signal fidelity of the system under high flow and high load conditions, and lay a reliable foundation for high-precision voltage compensation.

[0010] Furthermore, the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OA1 is connected to a resistor R2, the resistor R2 is connected to an input interface, the input interface is connected to a resistor R1, the other end of the resistor R1 is grounded, the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OA1 is also connected to a resistor R5, and the resistor R5 is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier OA1.

[0011] Furthermore, the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OA1 is connected to resistors R3 and R4, with resistor R3 connected to a +15V power supply and resistor R4 grounded.

[0012] Furthermore, the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OA2 is connected to a resistor R8 and a capacitor C2, the capacitor C2 is grounded, the resistor R8 is connected to a resistor R7 and a capacitor C1, the capacitor C1 is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier OA2, and the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OA2 is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier OA2.

[0013] Furthermore, resistor R7 is connected to resistor R6 and the output terminal of operational amplifier OA1, and resistor R6 is grounded.

[0014] Furthermore, the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OA3 is connected to a resistor R9, and the resistor R9 is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier OA2.

[0015] Furthermore, the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OA3 is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier OA3.

[0016] Furthermore, the output terminal of the operational amplifier OA3 is connected to a resistor R10, and the resistor R10 is connected to the ADC input pin of the microcontroller U1.

[0017] Furthermore, the resistor R10 is also connected to the cathode of the Zener diode D1, and the anode of the Zener diode D1 is grounded.

[0018] Furthermore, the microcontroller U1 is connected to the output of the signal conditioning module via the ADC input pin, and its PWM output pin is connected to the control circuit. The control circuit is connected to the drive coil of the relay, and the normally open contact of the relay is connected in series in the compensation winding branch of the compensation transformer. Each compensation winding corresponds to a set of independent relays.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0020] In this high-capacity compensated voltage regulator, the signal conditioning module accurately monitors voltage and current signals. Through amplification, filtering, and buffering, it transmits stable and accurate signals to the microcontroller. The microcontroller then controls the compensation transformer to compensate for the voltage, stabilizing the power supply voltage and preventing voltage fluctuations from causing unstable speeds, reduced efficiency, or even damage to high-flow equipment. This ensures the equipment maintains a continuous and stable high-flow output. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the sampling circuit of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the control circuit of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0025] Please see Figure 1 As shown, the purpose of this embodiment is to provide a high-capacity compensated voltage regulator, including a detection circuit, a control circuit, and a compensation transformer. The detection circuit includes a voltage sensor and a current sensor, which are connected to a signal conditioning module. The signal conditioning module includes multiple signal conditioning circuits, each including an amplification unit, a filtering unit, and a buffer unit connected in sequence. The output of the signal conditioning module is connected to the ADC input pin of a microcontroller U1. The PWM output pin of the microcontroller U1 is connected to the control circuit. The control circuit is connected to the drive coil of a relay. The normally open contacts of the relay are connected in series in the compensation winding branch of the compensation transformer, and each compensation winding corresponds to a set of independent relays.

[0026] In the sampling circuit, voltage sampling uses a Senshe Yubo CHV-25P / 400V closed-loop Hall voltage sensor, whose primary side measurement range covers 0 to ±600V AC voltage, and the secondary side output is rated at 5V DC signal. Current sampling uses a CHB-25NP closed-loop Hall current sensor of the same brand. By switching the range to select the 6A rated input range, accurate measurement of AC current from 0 to ±9A is achieved, corresponding to an output of a 24mA standard current signal. Based on the Hall effect principle, both sensors convert the primary side high-voltage signal into a proportionally scaled low-voltage signal. The 24mA signal output by the current sensor flows through a parallel precision sampling resistor R0 to be converted into a 0-1.2V voltage, while the voltage sensor directly outputs a 0-5V signal. Both are connected to the signal conditioning module for standardization processing.

[0027] like Figure 2 As shown, the signal conditioning module includes multiple independent conditioning circuits, each consisting of operational amplifiers OA1, OA2, and OA3 cascaded in sequence. The inverting input of operational amplifier OA1 receives the sensor output signal through resistor R2, while its non-inverting input is connected to a bias network consisting of resistors R3 and R4 and potentiometer VR1. R3 is connected to a +15V power supply, R4 is grounded, and adjusting VR1 dynamically sets a 2.5V reference bias. A feedback resistor R5 is connected between the output of operational amplifier OA1 and its inverting input. Adjusting the value of R5 allows for a programmable gain of 0.5 to 3 times the signal amplitude. The bias-boosted and linearly amplified signal is then input to an active second-order Butterworth low-pass filter formed by operational amplifier OA2. Its cutoff frequency is set to 1kHz. Through parameter matching of resistors R6-R8 and capacitors C1-C2, high-frequency switching noise and electromagnetic interference can be effectively suppressed. The filtered signal undergoes impedance transformation via a voltage follower circuit composed of operational amplifier OA3. Utilizing its high input impedance and low output impedance characteristics, the circuit eliminates the influence of distributed capacitance on signal edges during long-distance transmission and isolates the load effect of the subsequent ADC sampling circuit on the preceding filter.

[0028] like Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, a protection network consisting of a Zener diode D1 and a resistor R10 is set at the end of the conditioning circuit. The cathode of the Zener diode D1 is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier OA3, and the anode is grounded. Utilizing its 3.0V breakdown characteristic, the signal amplitude is strictly limited to the safe range of 0-3.0V to prevent overvoltage surges from damaging the ADC input port of the microcontroller U1. The microcontroller U1 uses an STM32G071 control chip, which has a built-in 12-bit high-precision ADC module that acquires multiple conditioning signals in real time. It calculates the mains voltage deviation using an internal algorithm and generates a PWM control signal. The PWM signal, after being driven by optocouplers, controls the on / off state of the coils of relays K1-Kn. The normally open contacts of each relay are connected in series to an independent compensation winding branch of the compensation transformer. Dynamic compensation within a ±15% voltage range is achieved through the combination and switching of multiple windings. When a mains voltage drop is detected, the microcontroller U1 automatically triggers the corresponding relay group to engage the compensation winding, using the principle of electromagnetic induction to raise the output voltage, ensuring the continuous and stable operation of high-power downstream equipment under voltage fluctuation conditions.

[0029] like Figure 3 As shown, in the control circuit, the voltage regulator chip U2 converts the +15V input into a stable 12V power supply, which is then filtered by capacitors C4-C6 to power the MCU and peripheral circuits. The microcontroller U1 acquires the conditioning signal in real time via its internal ADC, calculates it using a PID algorithm, and outputs a control signal from the PWM pin. This control signal, after being optocoupled by a PC817, drives a Darlington transistor array composed of transistors Q1-Q2. When the PWM duty cycle exceeds the threshold, transistor Q2 conducts, energizing the coil of relay KM1, and its normally open contact closes to connect to the compensation winding. Diode D2 connected in parallel across relay KM1 forms a freewheeling circuit. Capacitor C3 absorbs the voltage spikes generated by contact bounce, and diode D3 is grounded to form a discharge path, reducing the reverse voltage peak across diode D2. Multiple control channels with the same structure (KM1-KMn) are combined and switched to achieve gradient adjustment of the compensation voltage, shortening the device's response time.

[0030] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the utility model. Various changes and modifications can be made to this utility model without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed utility model. The scope of protection of this utility model is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-capacity compensated voltage regulator, comprising a detection circuit, a control circuit, and a compensation transformer, characterized in that: The detection circuit includes a voltage sensor and a current sensor, which are connected to a signal conditioning module. The signal conditioning module includes multiple signal conditioning circuits, each comprising an amplification unit, a filtering unit, and a buffer unit connected in sequence. The amplification unit includes an operational amplifier OA1, which is used to generate bias voltage and adjust the amplitude of voltage signal. The filtering unit includes an operational amplifier OA2, used to filter out high-frequency interference signals; The buffer unit includes an operational amplifier OA3, which is used to improve the circuit driving capability and reduce the impact of the load on the preceding stage.

2. The large-capacity compensated voltage regulator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OA1 is connected to a resistor R2, which is connected to an input interface. The input interface is connected to a resistor R1, and the other end of the resistor R1 is grounded. The inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OA1 is also connected to a resistor R5, which is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier OA1.

3. The large-capacity compensated voltage regulator according to claim 2, characterized in that: The non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OA1 is connected to resistors R3 and R4. Resistor R3 is connected to a +15V power supply, and resistor R4 is grounded.

4. The large-capacity compensated voltage regulator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OA2 is connected to a resistor R8 and a capacitor C2. The capacitor C2 is grounded. The resistor R8 is connected to a resistor R7 and a capacitor C1. The capacitor C1 is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier OA2. The inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OA2 is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier OA2.

5. The large-capacity compensated voltage regulator according to claim 4, characterized in that: The resistor R7 is connected to the resistor R6 and the output terminal of the operational amplifier OA1, and the resistor R6 is grounded.

6. The large-capacity compensated voltage regulator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OA3 is connected to a resistor R9, and the resistor R9 is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier OA2.

7. The large-capacity compensated voltage regulator according to claim 6, characterized in that: The inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OA3 is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier OA3.

8. The large-capacity compensated voltage regulator according to claim 7, characterized in that: The output terminal of the operational amplifier OA3 is connected to a resistor R10, and the resistor R10 is connected to the ADC input pin of the microcontroller U1.

9. The large-capacity compensated voltage regulator according to claim 8, characterized in that: The resistor R10 is also connected to the cathode of the Zener diode D1, and the anode of the Zener diode D1 is grounded.

10. The large-capacity compensated voltage regulator according to claim 9, characterized in that: The microcontroller U1 is connected to the output of the signal conditioning module through the ADC input pin, and its PWM output pin is connected to the control circuit. The control circuit is connected to the drive coil of the relay. The normally open contacts of the relay are connected in series in the compensation winding branch of the compensation transformer. Each compensation winding corresponds to a set of independent relays.

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