Brush assembly and electric machine
By designing the narrow end of the brush assembly to slide in contact with the commutator, and combining this with the preset length of the brush braid, the problems of commutator damage and high current compatibility caused by brush wear are solved, thereby improving the stability and safety of the motor.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- WENKINSEN MOTORS
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-31
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-12
AI Technical Summary
The existing problem is that brush wear leads to commutator damage, and high-current brushes cannot be adapted to small commutators.
Design a brush assembly including a brush body and a brush braid. The brush body has a wide end and a narrow end connected along a first direction. The narrow end slides in contact with a commutator, and the wide end is connected to the brush braid. The brush braid has a preset length to avoid contact with the commutator when the narrow end is completely worn, thereby ensuring the stability of the brush assembly and the safety of the motor.
By setting a narrow end on the brush body to slide in contact with the commutator, the excessive thickness of the narrow end is avoided from affecting the motor efficiency. The brush braid carries a large current, and the narrow end is prevented from contacting the commutator, thereby improving the working stability of the brush assembly and the life and safety of the motor.
Smart Images
Figure CN224355628U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of brush technology, and more specifically, to a brush assembly and a motor. Background Technology
[0002] Commutators and brushes are devices that change the direction of current in a motor. The brushes slide in contact with the commutator segments, and the brushes transfer the current from the power source to the motor, enabling the motor to work normally.
[0003] During motor operation, the commutator segments and conductive sparks continuously wear down the brushes, causing them to shorten. When the brushes wear down to a certain extent, the brush braids connected to the brushes will contact the annular segments, causing serious damage to the commutator, generating severe sparks, and leading to an accident.
[0004] Meanwhile, when low-current brushes are used in conjunction with small commutators, the low-current brushes transfer current from the power supply to the small motor, enabling the small motor to operate normally. However, small motors may also require high current, in which case the low-current brushes cannot transfer the high current from the power supply to the small motor. To solve this problem, the low-current brushes can be replaced with high-current brushes; however, high-current brushes are not compatible with small commutators. Utility Model Content
[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a brush assembly and a motor to solve the technical problems of commutator damage caused by brush wear and the inability of high-current brushes to be adapted to small commutators.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of this application provide the following technical solutions:
[0007] A first aspect of this application provides a brush assembly comprising: a brush body and a brush braid; the brush body having a wide end and a narrow end connected along a first direction, the narrow end being configured to slide in contact with the circumferential outer surface of the commutator, wherein the width of the narrow end is smaller than the width of the wide end in the circumferential direction of the commutator; one end of the brush braid being connected to the wide end, and the other end of the brush braid extending away from the wide end; the brush braid having a preset length, such that when the narrow end is completely worn, the brush braid enables the wide end of the brush body to be spaced apart from the circumferential outer surface of the commutator.
[0008] In one possible implementation, in the circumferential direction of the commutator, the wide end has opposing first and second sides, and the distance of the narrow end from the first side is equal to the distance of the narrow end from the second side.
[0009] In one possible implementation, the narrow end is formed as a rectangular block.
[0010] In one possible implementation, the width of the narrow end is a first width M; the commutator includes a plurality of commutator segments arranged at circumferential intervals, and the width of one commutator segment is a second width N; the first width M ≤ the second width N + the gap between two adjacent commutator segments.
[0011] In one possible implementation, the gap is 0.5 mm.
[0012] In one possible implementation, the brush assembly further includes a connecting boss; the connecting boss is disposed on the end face of the wide end, the width of the connecting boss is smaller than the width of the brush body, and the width of the connecting boss is larger than the width of the narrow end; the connecting boss is provided with a connecting hole for mounting the brush braid.
[0013] In one possible implementation, the connecting boss is formed as a cylinder.
[0014] In one possible implementation, the distance between the connecting boss and the first side is equal to the distance between the connecting boss and the second side.
[0015] In one possible implementation, the brush assembly further includes a spring; the end face of the wide end has a first stepped surface and a second stepped surface, the first stepped surface intersecting the first side surface, the second stepped surface intersecting the second side surface, and the connecting boss is located between the first stepped surface and the second stepped surface; the spring has one opposite end and another end along its elastic extension direction, the one end being sleeved outside the connecting boss and abutting against both the first stepped surface and the second stepped surface; the other end is provided with a connecting copper cap.
[0016] A second aspect of this application provides a motor that includes the brush assembly described above.
[0017] Compared with related technologies, the brush assembly provided in this application has the following advantages:
[0018] The brush assembly provided in this application embodiment has a thinner narrow end at the end of the brush body, which slides in contact with the commutator to avoid the narrow end being too thick and affecting the motor's operating efficiency; at the same time, a thicker brush braid is provided on the wide end of the brush body to carry a larger current and prevent the brush braid from burning out.
[0019] Meanwhile, to prevent the wide end of the brush body from contacting the circumferential outer surface of the commutator, the brush braid is designed to a preset length. When the narrow end is completely worn, the brush braid with this preset length can hold the brush body, preventing the wide end of the brush body from contacting the circumferential outer surface of the commutator. This avoids further wear of the wide end of the brush body by the commutator and prevents the brush braid from entering the gap between any two adjacent commutator segments, thereby improving the stability of the brush assembly, the lifespan of the motor, and the safety of the motor operation.
[0020] In addition to the technical problems solved by the embodiments of this disclosure, the technical features constituting the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects brought about by the technical features of these technical solutions described above, other technical problems that can be solved by the brush assembly and motor provided by the embodiments of this application, other technical features included in the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects brought about by these technical features will be further explained in detail in the specific implementation. Attached Figure Description
[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the brush assembly provided in the embodiments of this application;
[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the brush assembly and commutator connected in accordance with the embodiments of this application;
[0024] Figure 3 This is a partial side view of the brush assembly provided in an embodiment of this application.
[0025] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:
[0026] 100-wide end;
[0027] 101 - First step surface; 102 - Second step surface; 111 - First side surface; 121 - Second side surface;
[0028] 200 - Narrow end;
[0029] 300 - Connecting boss; 301 - Connecting hole;
[0030] 400-Brush braid;
[0031] 500-Spring;
[0032] 600 - Connecting copper cap;
[0033] 700 - Commutator; 701 - Commutator segment. Detailed Implementation
[0034] In related technologies, the maximum thickness of the brush cannot exceed the thickness of a commutator segment. A thicker brush will affect the efficiency of the motor. At the same time, when the brush is thicker, the brush will have too wide a contact with the commutator, which will cause current circulation, overheating and sparking, leading to damage to the commutator. If the brush is too thin, the brush braid connected to the brush will inevitably be thinner. Thinner brush braids can only carry low current and cannot carry high current. Moreover, when the current is high, the brush braids are prone to breakage.
[0035] Therefore, this application provides a brush assembly including a brush body with a wide end and a narrow end connected along a first direction. A brush braid is connected to the wide end. The thickness of the wide end is greater than the thickness of the narrow end, and the narrow end is used for sliding contact with the commutator segment. While avoiding excessive thickness at the narrow end, a relatively thick brush braid is maintained, allowing the brush braid to carry a larger current.
[0036] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of the embodiments of this application more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.
[0037] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the brush assembly provided in this application embodiment includes: a brush body, the brush body extending along a first direction ( Figure 1 The X-axis direction shown has a connected wide end 100 and a narrow end 200.
[0038] The brush body is divided into two parts: the wide end 100 and the narrow end 200, which are integrally formed.
[0039] The narrow end 200 is used to slide in contact with the circumferential outer surface of the commutator 700 to transfer current from the power supply to the motor, enabling the motor to operate normally.
[0040] The commutator 700 includes multiple commutator segments 701, which are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the commutator 700. That is, there is a certain gap between any two adjacent commutator segments 701.
[0041] The narrow end 200 makes sliding contact with multiple commutator segments 701.
[0042] In the circumference of commutator 700 ( Figure 1 and Figure 3 On the X-axis (as shown), the width of the narrow end 200 is smaller than the width of the wide end 100.
[0043] In other words, this application provides a relatively narrow end 200 on the brush body, which slides in contact with the commutator.
[0044] The wide end 100 is connected to the braid 400.
[0045] Specifically, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the brush assembly provided in this embodiment further includes: a connecting boss 300 and a brush braid 400, wherein the connecting boss 300 is disposed on the end face of the wide end 100; and in the circumferential direction of the commutator 700 ( Figure 3 On the X-axis shown, the width of the connecting boss 300 is less than the width of the wide end 100, and the width of the connecting boss 300 is greater than the width of the narrow end 200.
[0046] The connecting boss 300 is provided with a connecting hole 301 for mounting the brush braid 400. One end of the brush braid 400 is placed in the connecting hole 301, and the other end of the brush braid 400 passes through the connecting hole 301 so that the brush braid 400 is positioned at the wide end 100.
[0047] The diameter of the cross-section of the brush braid 400 can be designed as a first diameter, and the brush braid 400 with the first diameter can carry a large current.
[0048] Since the width of the wide end 100 is greater than the width of the narrow end 200, and the width of the connecting boss 300 is also greater than the width of the narrow end 200, a thicker brush braid 400 can be connected to the connecting boss 300, and the thicker brush braid 400 can carry a larger current.
[0049] When the narrow end 200 is completely worn, the wide end 100 of the brush body will contact the circumferential outer surface of the commutator 700. To avoid the wide end 100 of the brush body contacting the circumferential outer surface of the commutator 700, the brush braid 400 is designed to a preset length. When the narrow end 200 is completely worn, the brush braid 400 with this preset length can keep the wide end 100 of the brush body and the circumferential outer surface of the commutator 700 at a certain distance.
[0050] In other words, the brush braid 400 with the preset length can hold the brush body, so that the wide end 100 of the brush body does not contact the circumferential outer surface of the commutator 700, thus preventing the commutator 700 from continuing to wear the wide end 100 of the brush body, and preventing the brush braid 400 from entering the gap between any two adjacent commutator segments 701, thereby improving the stability of the brush assembly, the life of the motor, and the safety of the motor operation.
[0051] It should be noted that the cross-section and preset length of the brush braid 400 can be designed according to actual application conditions to suit different assembly situations, and will not be specified in detail here.
[0052] Continue to refer to Figure 3 In this embodiment of the application, in the circumferential direction of the commutator 700 ( Figure 1 and Figure 3 On the X-axis shown, the wide end 100 has a first side 111 and a second side 121 opposite to each other, the narrow end 200 is a first length h1 from the first side 111, and the narrow end 200 is a second length h2 from the second side 121.
[0053] The first length h1 can be equal to the second length h2; that is, the narrow end 200 is connected to the middle of the wide end 100 to ensure the working stability of the brush assembly in this application embodiment.
[0054] Alternatively, the first length h1 can be greater than the second length h2 to accommodate different situations.
[0055] Alternatively, the first length h1 can be smaller than the second length h2 to accommodate different situations.
[0056] When manufacturing the narrow end 200, a certain thickness is milled off from both sides of the brush body to obtain the narrow end 200.
[0057] In this embodiment, the narrow end 200 is formed as a rectangular block to ensure that the narrow end 200 and the commutator 701 have sufficient contact surface.
[0058] In the embodiments of this application, Figure 1 and Figure 3 On the X-axis shown, the width of the narrow end 200 is the first width M, and the width of a commutator 701 is the second width N, where the first width M ≤ the second width N.
[0059] Continue to refer to Figure 3 In this embodiment of the application, the length of the connecting boss 300 from the first side 111 is the third length h3, and the length of the connecting boss 300 from the second side 121 is the fourth length h4. The third length h3 can be equal to the fourth length h4. That is to say, the connecting boss 300 is connected to the middle of the wide end 100 to ensure the working stability of the brush assembly in this embodiment of the application.
[0060] like Figure 3As shown in the embodiment of this application, when the third length h3 is equal to the fourth length h4, a first step surface 101 and a second step surface 102 are formed on the end face of the wide end 100. The first step surface 101 intersects with the first side surface 111, the second step surface 102 intersects with the second side surface 121, and the connecting boss 300 is located between the first step surface 101 and the second step surface 102.
[0061] Alternatively, the third length h3 can be greater than the fourth length h4 to accommodate different situations.
[0062] Alternatively, the third length h3 can be less than the fourth length h4 to accommodate different situations.
[0063] The connecting boss 300 can be formed as a cylinder.
[0064] The brush assembly also includes a spring 500, which has opposite ends along its elastic extension direction. One end of the spring 500 is sleeved on the outside of the connecting boss 300 and abuts against both the first and second stepped surfaces. The other end of the spring 500 is provided with a connecting copper cap 600.
[0065] Under the elastic force of the spring 500, the narrow end 200 is attached to the circumferential outer surface of the commutator 700 and maintains electrical contact with the commutator 700.
[0066] This application also provides a motor that includes the brush assembly described above.
[0067] In summary, this application provides a brush assembly and a motor. The brush assembly includes a brush body and a brush braid 400. The brush body has a wide end 100 and a narrow end 200 connected along a first direction. The narrow end 200 is configured to slide in contact with the circumferential outer surface of a commutator 700. In the circumferential direction of the commutator 700, the width of the narrow end 200 is smaller than the width of the wide end 100. One end of the brush braid 400 is connected to the wide end 100, and the other end of the brush braid 400 extends away from the wide end 100. The brush braid 400 has a preset length. When the narrow end 200 is completely worn, the brush braid 400 can space the wide end 100 of the brush body from the circumferential outer surface of the commutator 700. By providing a thinner narrow end 200 at the end of the brush body, and avoiding excessive thickness of the narrow end 200, a thicker brush braid 400 is provided to carry a large current.
[0068] Furthermore, to prevent the brush body from contacting the circumferential outer surface of the commutator 700, the brush braid 400 is designed to a preset length. When the narrow end 200 is completely worn, the brush braid 400 with this preset length can hold the wide end 100 of the brush body, preventing the wide end 100 of the brush body from contacting the circumferential outer surface of the commutator 700. This prevents the brush body from contacting the commutator 700 too wide, causing current circulation, overheating, and sparking, which could damage the commutator 700. At the same time, it prevents the brush braid 400 from entering the gap between any two adjacent commutator segments 701, thereby improving the stability of the brush assembly, the lifespan of the motor, and the safety of the motor operation.
[0069] The various embodiments or implementation methods described in this specification are presented in a progressive manner. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other.
[0070] It should be noted that the embodiments referred to in the specification, such as "one embodiment," "embodiment," "exemplary embodiment," and "some embodiments," may include specific features, structures, or characteristics, but not every embodiment necessarily includes that specific feature, structure, or characteristic. Furthermore, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Moreover, when a specific feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, implementing such a feature, structure, or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments, whether explicitly described or not, is within the knowledge scope of those skilled in the art.
[0071] Generally speaking, terms should be understood at least in part by their use in context. For example, at least in part by context, the term "one or more" as used in the text can be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic of the singular meaning, or a combination of features, structures, or characteristics of the plural meaning. Similarly, at least in part by context, terms such as "one" or "" can also be understood to convey either singular or plural usage.
[0072] It should be readily understood that the terms “on,” “above,” and “on top of” in this disclosure should be interpreted in the broadest possible sense, such that “on” means not only “directly on something” but also “on something” with an intermediate feature or layer therebetween, and that “above” or “on top of” means not only “on top of something” but also “on top of something” without an intermediate feature or layer therebetween (i.e., directly on something).
[0073] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.
Claims
1. A brush assembly, characterized in that, include: The brush body and brush braid; The brush body has a wide end and a narrow end connected along a first direction. The narrow end is configured to slide in contact with the circumferential outer surface of the commutator. In the circumferential direction of the commutator, the width of the narrow end is smaller than the width of the wide end. One end of the brush braid is connected to the wide end, and the other end of the brush braid extends away from the wide end; The brush braid has a preset length, and when the narrow end is completely worn, the brush braid can make the wide end of the brush body spaced apart from the circumferential outer surface of the commutator.
2. The brush assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the circumferential direction of the commutator, the wide end has opposing first and second sides; The distance from the narrow end to the first side is equal to the distance from the narrow end to the second side; or... The distance from the narrow end to the first side is greater than the distance from the narrow end to the second side; or... The distance from the narrow end to the first side is less than the distance from the narrow end to the second side.
3. The brush assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The narrow end is formed into a rectangular block.
4. The brush assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The width of the narrow end is the first width M; The commutator includes a plurality of commutator segments, which are arranged at circumferential intervals, and the width of one of the commutator segments is a second width N; The first width M ≤ the second width N + the gap between two adjacent commutator segments.
5. The brush assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that, The gap is 0.5 mm.
6. The brush assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that, The brush assembly also includes a connecting boss; The connecting boss is disposed on the end face of the wide end, the width of the connecting boss is smaller than the width of the wide end, and the width of the connecting boss is larger than the width of the narrow end. The connecting boss is provided with a connecting hole for installing the brush braid.
7. The brush assembly according to claim 6, characterized in that, The connecting boss is formed into a cylinder.
8. The brush assembly according to claim 6, characterized in that, The distance between the connecting boss and the first side is equal to the distance between the connecting boss and the second side.
9. The brush assembly according to claim 8, characterized in that, The brush assembly also includes a spring; The end face of the wide end has a first stepped surface and a second stepped surface, the first stepped surface intersects with the first side surface, the second stepped surface intersects with the second side surface, and the connecting boss is located between the first stepped surface and the second stepped surface; The spring has one end and another end opposite to each other along its elastic extension and contraction direction. The one end is sleeved outside the connecting boss and abuts against both the first step surface and the second step surface. The other end is provided with a connecting copper cap.
10. An electric motor, characterized in that, Includes the brush assembly as described in any one of claims 1-9.