A K-band wave-to-wave conversion structure
By integrating a metal-dielectric composite cavity structure and co-designing a gradient ceramic sheet array with varying dielectric constant, a gradient metal grid, and a corrugated raised base plate, combined with a quarter-wavelength impedance converter, the problems of narrow bandwidth, high loss, and large size in K-band wave-to-wave conversion technology are solved, achieving efficient and accurate wave-to-wave conversion and meeting the needs of multi-band communication systems.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NANJING RUIDA ELECTRONIC TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-07
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-16
AI Technical Summary
Existing K-band wave-to-wave conversion technology suffers from problems such as narrow bandwidth, high loss, and large size, making it difficult to meet wideband requirements and increasing manufacturing difficulty and cost.
It adopts an integrated metal-dielectric composite cavity structure, including an upper cover plate, an intermediate layer and a bottom plate. It utilizes the synergistic design of a ceramic sheet array with gradient dielectric constant, a gradient metal grid and a corrugated raised bottom plate, combined with a quarter-wavelength impedance transformer, to achieve high-efficiency wave-to-wave conversion over a wide bandwidth.
It achieves efficient wave-to-same conversion within the K-band broadband, reduces reflection and insertion loss, minimizes signal distortion, reduces size, lowers manufacturing difficulty and cost, improves polarization conversion accuracy, and meets the needs of multi-band communication systems.
Smart Images
Figure CN224367108U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of microwave communication and radar technology, and in particular to a K-band wave-to-wave conversion structure. Background Technology
[0002] K-band, a crucial component of the millimeter-wave frequency band, has wide applications in fields such as satellite communication systems. For example, high-throughput satellites utilize the high available bandwidth of the K-band to support high-speed data transmission, and satellite mobile communication systems operate in the K-band and leverage waveform conversion technology to enhance the polarization multiplexing capability of multi-beam antennas. However, existing waveform conversion technologies face numerous challenges in the K-band. The relative bandwidth of traditional stepped or tapered waveguide converters is often insufficient to cover the wideband requirements of the K-band. At high frequencies, waveguide interface impedance mismatch leads to increased reflection loss, higher insertion loss, and the excitation of higher-order modes easily causes signal distortion. Furthermore, traditional multi-section impedance converters are large in size, difficult to manufacture with precision, and their cost increases significantly with frequency. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a K-band wave-to-wave conversion structure to solve the problems of narrow bandwidth, high loss and size limitation in the prior art.
[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:
[0005] A K-band wave-to-wave conversion structure includes an integrated metal-dielectric composite cavity, in which an upper cover plate, an intermediate layer, and a bottom plate are integrated. The upper cover plate is embedded with a ceramic sheet array with a gradually changing dielectric constant. The intermediate layer includes a suspended gradually changing metal grid with the grid density increasing along the propagation direction. The bottom plate is configured as a metal reflector with corrugated protrusions.
[0006] Optionally, the ceramic sheet array is arranged in a stepped manner from the high dielectric constant region to the low dielectric constant region, and the gaps between adjacent ceramic sheets are filled with silicone.
[0007] Optionally, the intermediate layer includes a metal strip with a gradually changing width, the strip width decreasing from 2 mm at the input end to 0.8 mm at the output end.
[0008] Optionally, the base plate is a thin metal plate with a periodic groove structure on its surface, the groove depth being 1 / 4 of the center wavelength of the K-band.
[0009] Optionally, the K-band wave-to-wave conversion structure further includes a coaxial-to-waveguide conversion interface, within which a quarter-wavelength impedance transformer is installed.
[0010] Optionally, the upper cover plate and the intermediate layer are fixed together by an adhesive with a dielectric constant ≤ 3.0.
[0011] Compared with existing technologies, the K-band wave-to-same conversion structure provided by this utility model achieves efficient wave-to-same conversion over a wide frequency range in the K-band through the synergistic design of the upper cover plate's gradient dielectric constant ceramic sheet array, the middle layer's gradient metal grid, and the bottom plate's corrugated protrusion structure. The design of the gradient metal grid and the corrugated protrusion bottom plate effectively reduces the impedance mismatch problem in the high-frequency band, and, combined with the impedance matching design of the quarter-wavelength impedance converter, significantly reduces reflection loss. The integrated metal-dielectric composite cavity design completely changes the multi-section impedance converter mode of traditional wave-to-same converters, and achieves miniaturization through the integrated design of the three-layer structure. The synergistic effect of the corrugated protrusion metal reflector on the bottom plate and the middle layer's gradient metal grid enables precise control of the electromagnetic wave polarization state, overcoming the problem of low polarization conversion accuracy in traditional circuit component combination schemes. This provides a high-quality wave-to-same conversion solution for high-sensitivity radar detection and high-reliability satellite communication, improving the overall performance of the system. Attached Figure Description
[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the K-band wave-to-wave conversion structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0013] Figure 2 This is a front view of the K-band wave-to-wave conversion structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0014] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of plane AA.
[0015] Figure label:
[0016] 100 - Coaxial-waveguide conversion structure; 1 - Top cover plate; 2 - Intermediate layer; 21 - Metal strip; 3 - Base plate; 4 - Coaxial-waveguide conversion interface. Detailed Implementation
[0017] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model.
[0018] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly on that other component. When a component is referred to as being "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to that other component.
[0019] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. "Several" means one or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.
[0020] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.
[0021] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.
[0022] Please see Figures 1-3 The K-band wave co-conversion structure 100 provided in this embodiment of the present invention includes an integrated metal-dielectric composite cavity, in which an upper cover plate 1, an intermediate layer 2 and a bottom plate 3 are integrated. The upper cover plate 1 is embedded with a ceramic sheet array with a gradually changing dielectric constant. The intermediate layer 2 includes a suspended gradually changing metal grid with the grid density increasing along the propagation direction. The bottom plate 3 is set as a metal reflector with corrugated protrusions.
[0023] Specifically, the upper cover plate 1 is a metal plate structure with an embedded array of ceramic sheets with gradually changing dielectric constants. The ceramic sheet array is arranged in a stepped manner from the high dielectric constant region to the low dielectric constant region. The gaps between adjacent ceramic sheets are filled with silicone. The ceramic sheets are made of materials with different dielectric constants. High dielectric constant ceramic sheets are arranged at the input end of the cavity, and low dielectric constant ceramic sheets are arranged at the output end. The middle region transitions according to a gradient, forming a gradient change in dielectric constant along the direction of electromagnetic wave propagation.
[0024] The intermediate layer 2 is a suspended structure comprising a metal grid composed of metal strips 21 of varying widths. The grid density increases along the propagation direction, and the width of the metal strips 21 gradually decreases from the input end to the output end of the cavity, forming a continuous change in grid density. The metal strips 21 at the input end are wider, and the grid spacing is wider. As it extends towards the output end, the strip width gradually narrows, and the grid spacing decreases, forming a metal grid structure with increasing density. The suspension structure design ensures that the metal grid maintains a specific distance from the upper cover plate 1 and the bottom plate 3, avoiding electromagnetic short circuits caused by direct contact, while also facilitating the control of the coupling strength of electromagnetic waves in the intermediate layer 2.
[0025] The base plate 3 is a thin metal plate with a periodic groove structure on its surface, forming a corrugated metal reflector. The groove depth is designed to be a specific proportion of the center wavelength of the K-band. Through the arrangement of the periodic grooves, regular corrugated protrusions are formed on the surface of the base plate 3. This structure changes the electromagnetic reflection boundary conditions of the base plate 3, and works in conjunction with the dielectric constant-gradient ceramic sheet array of the upper cover plate 1 and the metal grid of the intermediate layer 2 to achieve phase matching and field distribution modulation over a wide frequency band.
[0026] In this application, the ceramic sheet array is arranged in a stepped manner from the high dielectric constant region to the low dielectric constant region, with silicone filling the gaps between adjacent ceramic sheets. This method ensures a tight bond between the ceramic sheets and the metal plate of the upper cover 1, and also helps to regulate the edge field distribution of electromagnetic waves through their dielectric properties, reducing boundary reflection loss. This stepped arrangement and silicone filling design achieves both gradual regulation of the dielectric constant and ensures the mechanical stability and environmental adaptability of the structure.
[0027] In one embodiment provided in this application, the intermediate layer 2 includes a metal strip 21 with a gradually changing width, the strip width gradually changing from 2 mm at the input end to 0.8 mm at the output end. The gradual change in the width of the metal strip 21 and the increasing grid density provide a structural basis for broadband energy coupling, enabling efficient conversion of both low-frequency and high-frequency electromagnetic waves.
[0028] In this application, the base plate 3 is a thin metal plate with a periodic groove structure on its surface, and the groove depth is 1 / 4 of the center wavelength of the K-band.
[0029] In one embodiment provided in this application, the K-band wave-to-wave converter structure 100 further includes a coaxial-to-waveguide conversion interface 4, within which a quarter-wavelength impedance transformer is disposed. Coaxial-to-waveguide conversion interfaces are provided at both ends of the wave-to-wave converter, and quarter-wavelength impedance transformers are disposed within these interfaces. The cross-sectional dimensions of this transformer vary according to a specific pattern along the signal transmission direction, achieving a smooth transition of characteristic impedance between the coaxial transmission line and the waveguide structure. The upper cover plate 1 and the intermediate layer 2 are fixed together with an adhesive. The adhesive has a low dielectric constant to ensure that no additional electromagnetic losses are introduced within the K-band range, while simultaneously guaranteeing the mechanical strength of each layer.
[0030] In this application, the top cover plate 1 and the intermediate layer 2 are fixed together by an adhesive with a dielectric constant ≤ 3.0.
[0031] Working principle:
[0032] When electromagnetic waves are incident on the integrated metal-dielectric composite cavity, the array of ceramic sheets with gradient dielectric constant embedded in the upper cover plate 1 first modulates the phase of the electromagnetic waves. The high dielectric constant ceramic sheets produce a larger phase delay for low-frequency electromagnetic waves, while the low dielectric constant ceramic sheets correspondingly reduce the phase delay for high-frequency electromagnetic waves, thereby maintaining the phase difference between the two orthogonal polarization components within the range required for ideal conversion over a wide frequency band. The stepped arrangement of ceramic sheets, together with the silicone filler, makes the phase delay gradient process smoother, avoiding the processing complexity of traditional continuous gradient structures.
[0033] The corrugated metal reflector on the base plate 3 plays an auxiliary role in phase modulation during this process. The corrugated protrusions formed by the periodic groove structure decompose the polarization field of the incident wave into multiple components. Through the design of the groove depth and spacing, phase mismatch at different frequencies is further compensated. This collaborative phase modulation mechanism between the upper cover plate 1 and the base plate 3 ensures phase consistency within the K-band broadband, laying the foundation for polarization mode conversion.
[0034] The suspended gradient metal grid in intermediate layer 2 achieves broadband energy coupling through an increasing grid density design. As electromagnetic waves propagate within the cavity, the gradient structure of the metal grid forms periodic electromagnetic coupling units. At the input end, the wider metal strip 21 and the wider grid spacing produce a weaker coupling effect, allowing the energy of low-frequency electromagnetic waves to effectively enter the cavity. As propagation proceeds towards the output end, the width of the metal strip 21 narrows, the grid density increases, and the coupling strength gradually strengthens, adapting to the energy conversion requirements of high-frequency electromagnetic waves.
[0035] The specific conversion process is as follows: Taking the conversion of a circularly polarized wave to a linearly polarized wave as an example, after the incident circularly polarized wave enters the cavity, its energy is decomposed into two orthogonal polarization components by the ceramic plate array of the upper cover plate 1. Through the gradual coupling of the metal grid in the intermediate layer 2, the energy of the circularly polarized wave is gradually transferred from one polarization mode to another. Low-frequency electromagnetic waves obtain sufficient coupling energy when passing through the sparser grid, while high-frequency electromagnetic waves achieve efficient conversion through the denser grid, ultimately synthesizing the target linearly polarized wave at the output end. The suspended design of the metal grid reduces electromagnetic interference with the upper and lower layers, ensuring the high efficiency of the energy coupling process.
[0036] The quarter-wavelength impedance transformer within the coaxial-waveguide conversion interface 4 achieves a smooth transition in characteristic impedance through a gradual size change, minimizing reflection loss. The low-dielectric-constant adhesive between the top cover 1 and the intermediate layer 2 avoids additional dielectric loss, while the corrugated protrusion structure of the bottom plate 3 reduces diffraction loss of electromagnetic waves at the bottom of the cavity. The entire conversion structure, through integrated design and parameter gradients, achieves impedance matching across the entire frequency band, avoiding the multi-stage reflection problem of traditional stepped structures, thereby significantly reducing insertion loss.
[0037] Through the structure and implementation process of the upper K-band wave-to-wave conversion structure 100, it can be seen that the coordinated design of the upper cover plate 1 (gradient dielectric constant ceramic sheet array), the middle layer 2 (gradient metal grid), and the bottom plate 3 (corrugated protrusion structure) achieves efficient wave-to-wave conversion within a wide K-band bandwidth. The gradient dielectric constant and the corrugated protrusion structure jointly solve the phase matching problem within a wide bandwidth, and the gradient design of the metal grid enables frequency-adaptive energy coupling, allowing the converter to maintain stable conversion efficiency across the entire K-band range. Compared with traditional fixed-parameter structures, this design overcomes bandwidth limitations, adapts to dynamic frequency switching scenarios without mechanical tuning or active control, and meets the application requirements of multi-band communication systems.
[0038] The design of the gradient metal grid and corrugated raised base plate 3 effectively reduces impedance mismatch issues in the high-frequency band. Combined with the impedance matching design of the quarter-wavelength impedance converter, reflection loss is significantly reduced. The use of silicone filler and low-dielectric-constant adhesive avoids additional dielectric loss, ensuring the electrical performance stability of the structure. Compared with traditional technologies, this converter significantly reduces losses in the high-frequency band, effectively improves signal distortion, and can provide high-quality wave-to-wave conversion for satellite communication and radar detection.
[0039] The integrated metal-dielectric composite cavity design completely revolutionizes the traditional multi-section impedance converter mode of wave-to-wave converters, achieving miniaturization through a three-layer integrated design. Compared to traditional bulky converters, this structure is significantly smaller, meeting the compactness requirements of modern equipment. Simultaneously, the stepped ceramic plate arrangement and periodic groove structure have relatively simple manufacturing processes, reducing precision machining difficulty and production costs, laying the foundation for the industrial application of this wave-to-wave converter.
[0040] The synergistic effect of the corrugated raised metal reflector on the base plate 3 and the gradient metal grid in the intermediate layer 2 enables precise control of the electromagnetic wave polarization state. The combination of the periodic groove structure and the gradient grid density design allows for control of the axial ratio of the circularly polarized wave within an ideal range, ensuring the purity of the linearly polarized wave. This design overcomes the problem of low polarization conversion accuracy in traditional circuit component combinations, providing a superior wave-to-wave conversion solution for high-sensitivity radar detection and high-reliability satellite communication, thus improving the overall system performance.
[0041] In the description of the above embodiments, specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.
[0042] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this utility model, but the protection scope of this utility model is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of this utility model should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A K-band wave-to-wave conversion structure, characterized in that, It includes an integrated metal-dielectric composite cavity, which integrates an upper cover plate, an intermediate layer and a bottom plate. The upper cover plate is embedded with an array of ceramic sheets with a gradually changing dielectric constant. The intermediate layer includes a suspended gradient metal grid with the grid density increasing along the propagation direction. The bottom plate is set as a metal reflector with corrugated protrusions.
2. The K-band wave-to-wave conversion structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ceramic sheet array is arranged in a stepped manner from the high dielectric constant region to the low dielectric constant region, and the gaps between adjacent ceramic sheets are filled with silicone.
3. The K-band wave-co-conversion structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intermediate layer comprises a metal strip with a gradually changing width, which changes from 2 mm at the input end to 0.8 mm at the output end.
4. The K-band wave-co-conversion structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base plate is a thin metal plate with a periodic groove structure on its surface. The groove depth is 1 / 4 of the center wavelength of the K-band.
5. The K-band wave-co-conversion structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a coaxial-to-waveguide conversion interface, with a quarter-wavelength impedance transformer installed inside the interface.
6. The K-band wave-co-conversion structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper cover plate and the intermediate layer are fixed together by an adhesive with a dielectric constant ≤ 3.0.