Rock drill percussion mechanism and rock drill

Abstract

The rock drill impact mechanism provided by the application comprises an impact piston and a drill bit installed in a rock drill barrel, and the inside of the rock drill barrel is provided with a cylinder body; the impact piston is installed in the cylinder body; the cylinder body is provided with a cavity for accommodating the impact piston, the impact piston can make axial reciprocating movement along the center of the cavity under the pushing of hydraulic oil, and the head of the impact piston can pass through the cavity and impact the tail of the drill bit; the cavity comprises a front piston cavity and a rear piston cavity, the front piston cavity and the rear piston cavity are communicated, the front piston cavity is used for oil inlet, and the rear piston cavity is used for oil return. The application does not need to use a traditional reversing valve to control the reciprocating movement of the impact piston, can reduce the energy loss when the reversing valve moves, shorten the oil way switching time, improve the reversing efficiency of the impact piston, and is lower in use cost and maintenance cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of rock drill technology, specifically to a rock drill impact mechanism and a rock drill. Background Technology

[0002] A rock drill is a tool used for quarrying stone, mainly consisting of an impact mechanism and a rotary structure. The impact mechanism includes a cylinder and an impact piston that slides back and forth within the cylinder. The rotary structure includes a drill bit. When the impact piston extends out of the cylinder to its limit position, it strikes the drill bit, which then transmits the impact force to the rock to create a hole.

[0003] Currently, common rock drills are equipped with directional valves that work in conjunction with impact pistons to control the reciprocating motion of the impact pistons, thereby ensuring continuous and efficient output of impact force. However, directional valves typically require separate directional signal oil passages and drain oil passages. When switching, the directional valve generates pressure loss and oil flow resistance, leading to reduced hydraulic system efficiency, increased energy loss, unstable impact piston movement, complex structure, and increased cost.

[0004] Therefore, there is room for further improvement in the impact mechanism in the existing technology. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of this, and in response to the problems that the installation of directional valves in existing rock drills can easily lead to reduced hydraulic system efficiency, unstable movement of the impact piston, complex structure, and increased cost, this application provides a rock drill impact mechanism and a rock drill. By changing the structure of the impact mechanism, the traditional directional valve is not needed to control the reciprocating motion of the impact piston, thereby improving the stability of the impact piston during movement, increasing the directional efficiency of the impact piston, and reducing operating and maintenance costs.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides a rock drill impact mechanism, comprising:

[0007] The drill bit is installed inside the barrel of the rock drill; the barrel is equipped with a cylinder.

[0008] An impact piston, which is mounted in a cylinder;

[0009] The cylinder body is provided with a cavity for accommodating the impact piston. The impact piston can reciprocate axially along the center of the cavity under the push of hydraulic oil, and the head of the impact piston can pass through the cavity and strike the tail of the chisel.

[0010] The cavity includes a piston front chamber and a piston rear chamber, which are connected. The piston front chamber is used for oil inlet, and the piston rear chamber is used for oil return.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the rock drill impact mechanism of this application does not require the use of a traditional reversing valve to control the reciprocating motion of the impact piston. This reduces the energy loss during the movement of the reversing valve, shortens the oil circuit switching time to a certain extent, improves the reversing efficiency of the impact piston, and improves the stability of the impact piston during the movement process. This is beneficial to improving the impact efficiency of the rock drill. The structure is simple, the reliability is high, and the operating and maintenance costs are lower.

[0012] Preferably, the cylinder wall on the oil inlet side of the piston front chamber and the cylinder wall on the oil return side of the piston rear chamber are arranged along the same straight line.

[0013] In this embodiment, the cylinder wall on the oil inlet side of the piston front chamber and the cylinder wall on the oil return side of the piston rear chamber are arranged along the same straight line, which can ensure that when the impact piston moves between the piston front chamber and the piston rear chamber, the eccentricity of the impact piston is reduced, and the impact piston is prevented from jamming or wearing.

[0014] Preferably, the cylinder diameter of the piston front chamber from the cylinder wall on the oil inlet side to the cylinder wall on the other side is R1, and the cylinder diameter of the piston rear chamber from the cylinder wall on the oil return side to the cylinder wall on the other side is R2.

[0015] R1 < R2.

[0016] In this embodiment, the volume of the rear chamber of the piston is larger than that of the front chamber of the piston, which allows the impact piston to generate different force-bearing areas in the front and rear chambers of the piston. This facilitates the control of the piston movement speed through hydraulic pressure difference, thereby achieving more precise motion control.

[0017] Preferably, the cylinder body is further provided with an oil inlet and an oil outlet, the oil inlet being located on the side of the piston front chamber near the tappet, and the oil outlet being located at the bottom of the piston rear chamber;

[0018] The oil inlet is connected to the front chamber of the piston, and the oil outlet is connected to the rear chamber of the piston. The reciprocating motion of the impact piston is achieved through the cooperation of the oil inlet and the oil outlet.

[0019] In this embodiment, by setting up an oil inlet and an oil outlet, there is no need to set up a separate reversing signal oil passage and an oil drain oil passage. The oil circuit is simple, and the absence of small hole oil passages makes the processing of the equipment housing convenient and deburring simple. This reduces processing costs and reduces failures caused by small hole burrs, thereby improving the reliability of the rock drill.

[0020] Preferably, the impact piston includes a first connecting body and a second connecting body, the first connecting body and the second connecting body are connected, and the first connecting body is located between the second connecting body and the drill bit.

[0021] The diameter of the first connector is R3, and the diameter of the second connector is R4;

[0022] R3 < R4 = R1.

[0023] In this embodiment, during the movement of the impact piston, when the second connecting body moves into the piston front chamber, it can disconnect the hydraulic oil in the piston front chamber from the piston rear chamber, ensuring the normal operation of the hydraulic system.

[0024] Preferably, the axial length of the impact piston is greater than the axial length of the cavity.

[0025] In this embodiment, it can be ensured that the impact piston can move within the cavity, and the end of the impact piston near the rod tip can extend out of the cavity, thereby transmitting the impact force more effectively.

[0026] Preferably, the oil outlet is eccentrically located at the bottom of the piston rear chamber.

[0027] In this embodiment, the reasonable eccentric setting can facilitate the discharge of waste oil and gas in the cavity, avoid air resistance and liquid resistance, and improve the flow efficiency of the hydraulic system.

[0028] Preferably, the piston front chamber and the piston rear chamber are coaxially arranged.

[0029] In this embodiment, the coaxial arrangement ensures that the impact piston moves along the same straight line in the front and rear chambers of the piston, avoiding eccentricity or oscillation and improving the motion accuracy of the impact piston.

[0030] This application also provides a rock drill, including the rock drill impact mechanism as described above. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the rock drill impact mechanism provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 ;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the first movement stage of the rock drill impact mechanism provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the second movement stage of the rock drill impact mechanism provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the third movement stage of the rock drill impact mechanism provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the fourth movement stage of the rock drill impact mechanism provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the fifth movement stage of the rock drill impact mechanism provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the sixth movement stage of the rock drill impact mechanism provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the rock drill impact mechanism provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 .

[0039] Figure label:

[0040] 1. Chisel tip; 2. Impact piston; 3. Cavity; 4. Oil inlet; 5. Oil outlet;

[0041] 21. First connector; 22. Second connector;

[0042] 31. Piston front chamber; 32. Piston rear chamber. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of this disclosure, the following detailed, clear, and complete description of this disclosure is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of this disclosure and are not intended to limit it.

[0044] In the description of this application, the use of "first" and "second" is for the purpose of distinguishing technical features only, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or the order of the technical features indicated.

[0045] Those skilled in the art should understand that in the disclosure of this application, the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the above terms should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0046] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, see below. Figures 1 to 8 illustrate.

[0047] This embodiment provides a rock drill impact mechanism, which is applied in the field of rock drill technology, such as... Figures 1 to 8As shown, the system includes an impact piston 2 and a drill bit 1 installed inside the barrel of a rock drill. The barrel contains a cylinder. The impact piston 2 is installed within the cylinder, which has a cavity 3 for accommodating it. The impact piston 2 can reciprocate axially along the center of the cavity 3 under the pressure of hydraulic oil. The head of the impact piston 2 can pass through the cavity 3 and strike the tail of the drill bit 1. The drill bit 1 will bear the impact force transmitted from the impact piston 2 and apply it to the rock surface, achieving rock breaking. The cavity 3 includes a front piston chamber 31 and a rear piston chamber 32, which are connected. The front piston chamber 31 is used for oil inlet, and the rear piston chamber 32 is used for oil return. The axial length of the impact piston 2 is greater than the axial length of the cavity 3, ensuring that the impact piston 2 can move within the cavity 3. The end of the impact piston 2 near the drill bit 1 can extend out of the cavity 3, thus transmitting the impact force more effectively. The piston front chamber 31 and piston rear chamber 32 are coaxially arranged. This coaxial arrangement ensures that the impact piston 2 moves along the same straight line in the piston front chamber 31 and piston rear chamber 32, avoiding eccentricity or oscillation and improving the movement accuracy of the impact piston 2.

[0048] Among them, such as Figure 1 As shown, the cylinder wall on the oil inlet side of the piston front chamber 31 and the cylinder wall on the oil return side of the piston rear chamber 32 are arranged along the same straight line. This ensures that when the impact piston 2 moves between the piston front chamber 31 and the piston rear chamber 32, the eccentricity of the impact piston 2 is reduced, and the impact piston 2 is prevented from jamming or wearing. The cylinder diameter of the piston front chamber 31 from the oil inlet side to the other side is R1, and the cylinder diameter of the piston rear chamber 32 from the oil return side to the other side is R2, where R1 < R2. The volume of the piston rear chamber 32 is larger than the volume of the piston front chamber 31, which allows the impact piston 2 to generate different force-bearing areas in the piston front chamber 31 and the piston rear chamber 32. This facilitates the control of the piston movement speed through hydraulic pressure difference, achieving more precise motion control. This application eliminates the need for a traditional directional valve to control the reciprocating motion of the impact piston 2, thereby reducing energy loss during valve operation, shortening the oil circuit switching time to some extent, improving the directional efficiency of the impact piston 2, and enhancing the impact efficiency of the rock drill. It also features a simple structure, high reliability, and lower operating and maintenance costs.

[0049] Furthermore, such as Figures 1 to 7As shown, the cylinder body is also equipped with an oil inlet 4 and an oil outlet 5. The oil inlet 4 is located on the side of the piston front chamber 31 near the drill bit 1, which can quickly send high-pressure oil into the front chamber and improve the response speed of the impact force. The oil outlet 5 is eccentrically located at the bottom of the piston rear chamber 32, on the side of the piston rear chamber 32 near the piston front chamber 31, which is conducive to the discharge of waste oil and gas in the chamber, avoiding air resistance and hydraulic resistance, and improving the flow efficiency of the hydraulic system. The oil inlet 4 is connected to the piston front chamber 31, and the oil outlet 5 is connected to the piston rear chamber 32. Through the cooperation of the oil inlet 4 and the oil outlet 5, the reciprocating motion of the impact piston 2 is realized. The oil inlet 4 directly supplies oil to the piston front chamber 31 to provide driving force; the oil outlet 5 discharges oil from the piston rear chamber 32 to ensure the smooth flow of hydraulic oil, realize the continuous reciprocating motion of the piston, and ensure the working efficiency of the system. By setting up oil inlet 4 and oil outlet 5, there is no need to set up separate reversing signal oil passages and drain oil passages. The oil circuit is simple, and there are no small hole oil passages that make the equipment shell easy to process. Deburring is also simple, which reduces processing costs and reduces failures caused by small hole burrs, thereby improving the reliability of the rock drill.

[0050] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, the impact piston 2 includes a first connecting body 21 and a second connecting body 22, which are connected. The first connecting body 21 is located between the second connecting body 22 and the drill bit 1. When the impact piston 2 is placed horizontally, in the vertical direction, the diameter of the first connecting body 21 is R3, and the diameter of the second connecting body 22 is R4; R3 < R4 = R1. The diameter of the first connecting body 21 is smaller than the diameter of the second connecting body 22, which helps to buffer and disperse the impact force, avoid force concentration leading to structural damage, and improve the overall durability of the structure. During the movement of the impact piston 2, when the second connecting body 22 moves into the piston front chamber 31, it can disconnect the hydraulic oil in the piston front chamber 31 from the piston rear chamber 32, ensuring the normal operation of the hydraulic system.

[0051] The motion process of this application is as follows:

[0052] like Figures 1 to 7As shown, when the impact piston 2 retracts a preset distance, the high-pressure oil in the rear chamber 32 of the piston connects with the high-pressure oil in the front chamber 31 of the piston to drive the impact piston 2 to perform a return stroke; and / or when the impact piston 2 advances a preset distance, under the action of the high-pressure oil, the impact piston 2 performs a stroke forward, impacts the drill bit 1, and then retracts; the impact piston 2 repeats the above return and stroke actions in sequence to realize the reciprocating motion of the impact piston 2. Through the automatic switching connection of the high-pressure oil in the front chamber 31 and the rear chamber 32 of the piston, the impact piston 2 can automatically complete the stroke and return within a preset distance without the need for complex external control, realizing self-driven reciprocating motion, improving commutation efficiency, and helping to improve the impact efficiency of the rock drill; at the same time, the motion control is realized by utilizing the pressure difference of the high-pressure oil and the connection of the chambers 3, avoiding complex mechanical structures and simplifying the structure of the impact mechanism.

[0053] Among them, such as Figures 1 to 7 As shown, the preset distances include d1, d2, and d3, which are the displacement distances of the impact piston 2 along the length of the piston rear chamber 32. Specifically, distance d1 is the distance the impact piston 2 moves from its initial position to the rear end face of the oil outlet 5; distances d2 and d3 are respectively located in the middle and rear sections along the length of the piston rear chamber 32 from the rear end face of the oil outlet 5. During the operation of the rock drill impact mechanism, as the impact piston 2 moves to different preset distances, it enables more precise and efficient motion control, further improving the impact efficiency and stability of the rock drill.

[0054] like Figures 1 to 2 As shown, during the movement of the impact piston 2 backward from its initial state to a preset distance d1, oil enters the piston front chamber 31, and oil returns to the piston rear chamber 32. The resultant force of the impact piston 2 is backward, causing the impact piston 2 to accelerate backward. The oil return port of the piston rear chamber 32 stops returning oil, and the oil inlet 4 of the piston front chamber 31 stops entering oil. The piston rear chamber 32 gradually approaches a dead chamber, and the oil inside the piston rear chamber 32 gradually becomes more stable. By controlling the opening and closing of the oil inlet 4 and the oil return port, precise adjustment of the piston movement is achieved, ensuring the stability and controllability of the impact process. Simultaneously, the piston rear chamber 32 gradually approaches a dead chamber state. This dead chamber state helps maintain the system pressure of the impact mechanism, preventing the piston from rebounding or wobbling at the stop position, improving system response speed and durability, and ensuring smooth and comfortable operation.

[0055] like Figures 2 to 3As shown, during the movement of the impact piston 2 from a preset distance d1 to a preset distance d2, the impact piston 2 continues to move backward, the oil in the piston rear chamber 32 is compressed, the pressure in the piston rear chamber 32 gradually increases, and the resultant force of the impact piston 2 gradually decreases to close to 0; then the resultant force becomes forward, and the impact piston 2 first enters the return stroke acceleration stage with a small amplitude, and then the impact piston 2 begins to enter the return stroke braking stage. Through the compression and pressure regulation of the oil in the piston rear chamber 32, the smooth transition of the impact piston 2's movement, return stroke acceleration, and return stroke braking are achieved, improving the system's energy utilization efficiency and equipment durability, while also ensuring operational comfort and safety.

[0056] like Figures 3 to 4 As shown, during the retraction of the impact piston 2 from a preset distance d2 to a preset distance d3, the high-pressure oil in the front chamber of the impact piston 2 is connected to the rear chamber of the impact piston 2. The pressure in the rear chamber 32 of the piston increases instantaneously. Since the effective area of ​​the rear chamber 32 of the piston is much larger than that of the front chamber 31 of the piston, the resultant force further increases, and the impact piston 2 continues to perform a retraction deceleration motion, gradually decreasing in speed until it reaches 0. Subsequently, the impact piston 2 begins to perform a forward stroke motion. Because the effective area of ​​the rear chamber 32 of the piston is much larger than that of the front chamber 31 of the piston, the resultant force on the impact piston 2 is increased, thereby improving control accuracy and response speed.

[0057] like Figures 4 to 5 As shown, during the movement of the impact piston 2 from a preset distance d3 to a preset distance d2, the impact piston 2 begins to perform a forward stroke. When the piston rear chamber 32 is disconnected from the piston front chamber 31, the pressure in the piston rear chamber 32 gradually decreases, and the impact piston 2 continues to accelerate forward under the action of high-pressure oil. Disconnecting the piston rear chamber 32 from the piston front chamber 31 can effectively prevent pressure interference, ensure the stability of the impact piston 2 during the impact process, and thus improve the impact efficiency of the impact mechanism.

[0058] like Figures 5 to 6 As shown, during the movement of the impact piston 2 from a preset distance d2 to a preset distance d1, the impact piston 2 continues to move forward, but with a smaller acceleration. The pressure in the piston's rear chamber 32 drops rapidly until it equals the return oil pressure, and the speed of the impact piston 2 gradually decreases, exhibiting a slight reduction. This pressure reduction in the piston's rear chamber 32 achieves natural deceleration of the impact piston 2 during its stroke, preventing excessive impact and ensuring a smooth transition of the impact action, thus improving equipment safety.

[0059] like Figures 6 to 7As shown, during the movement of the impact piston 2 from the preset distance d1 to the initial state, the piston rear chamber 32 connects with the oil return port, and oil begins to return from the oil return port. The direction of the resultant force on the impact piston 2 changes to the rearward direction. The impact piston 2 continues to move forward in a decelerated state until it hits the chisel tail 1, completing one impact cycle. After the piston rear chamber 32 connects with the oil return port, the pressure in the chamber 3 is released, which can effectively control the piston deceleration and avoid damage caused during mechanical impact.

[0060] A rock drill includes the rock drill impact mechanism described in the above embodiments.

[0061] The present application has been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present application. The descriptions of the embodiments above are only for the purpose of helping to understand the present application and its core ideas. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications to the present application without departing from the principles of the present application, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A rock drill percussion mechanism, characterized in that, include: The drill bit (1) is installed inside the barrel of the rock drill, and the barrel is equipped with a cylinder. Impact piston (2), which is installed in the cylinder; The cylinder body is provided with a cavity (3) for accommodating the impact piston (2). The impact piston (2) can reciprocate axially along the center of the cavity (3) under the pushing of hydraulic oil, and the head of the impact piston (2) can pass through the cavity (3) and strike the tail of the drill bit (1). The cavity (3) includes a piston front cavity (31) and a piston rear cavity (32), which are connected. The piston front cavity (31) is used for oil inlet, and the piston rear cavity (32) is used for oil return. The piston front chamber (31) has a cylinder diameter of R1 from the cylinder wall on the oil inlet side to the cylinder wall on the other side, and the piston rear chamber (32) has a cylinder diameter of R2 from the cylinder wall on the oil return side to the cylinder wall on the other side. R1 < R2.

2. The rock drill impact mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cylinder wall on the oil inlet side of the piston front chamber (31) and the cylinder wall on the oil return side of the piston rear chamber (32) are arranged along the same straight line.

3. The rock drill impact mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cylinder body is also provided with an oil inlet (4) and an oil outlet (5). The oil inlet (4) is located on the side of the piston front chamber (31) near the rod end (1), and the oil outlet (5) is located at the bottom of the piston rear chamber (32). The oil inlet (4) is connected to the front chamber (31) of the piston, and the oil outlet (5) is connected to the rear chamber (32) of the piston. Through the cooperation of the oil inlet (4) and the oil outlet (5), the impact piston (2) can be made to reciprocate.

4. The rock drill impact mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, The impact piston (2) includes a first connecting body (21) and a second connecting body (22), the first connecting body (21) and the second connecting body (22) are connected, and the first connecting body (21) is located between the second connecting body (22) and the drill bit (1); The diameter of the first connector (21) is R3, and the diameter of the second connector (22) is R4; R3 < R4 = R1.

5. The rock drill impact mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The axial length of the impact piston (2) is greater than the axial length of the cavity (3).

6. The rock drill impact mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that, The oil outlet (5) is eccentrically located at the bottom of the piston rear chamber (32).

7. The rock drill impact mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The piston front chamber (31) and piston rear chamber (32) are coaxially arranged.

8. A rock drill, characterized in that, Includes the rock drill impact mechanism as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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