A highway gantry direct current power supply system

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of highway gantry direct current power supply system, comprising: distributed power generation system and energy storage control system;Distributed power generation system includes: first power module, second power module and third power module;First power module generates first electric energy based on airflow effect;Second power module converts solar energy into second electric energy;Third power module is used to capture and convert composite energy into third electric energy;Energy storage control system includes battery pack for generating fourth electric energy;Energy storage control system monitors the electric energy of first power module, second power module, third power module and battery pack, and based on comprehensive electric energy monitoring information, power supply is provided to gantry system load equipment.The implementation of the system can provide stable power supply for gantry system load equipment, and the system structure is simple, the maintenance cost is low, the reliability is high, and the energy utilization rate is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of power generation on highways, and more specifically, to a DC power supply system for highway gantry. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, there are two main power supply methods for gantry systems: direct low-voltage power supply over short distances and boosted power supply over long distances.

[0003] Currently, ETC gantry systems primarily draw power from the nearest toll station. However, with the development of intelligent highways in recent years, the number of provincial border toll stations and section toll stations has gradually decreased, while the number of intelligent open gantry systems has been increasing. ETC gantry systems involve information affecting toll fees, thus requiring high reliability of the power supply system. Gantry systems are generally located far from toll stations, often requiring long-distance power supply when connected to mains power, exceeding 2.5km in many scenarios. Therefore, 220V AC power is commonly used because AC power can be flexibly stepped up and down using transformers during long-distance transmission, reducing losses. However, the power required by gantry system equipment is primarily low-voltage DC, thus involving complex high-voltage AC-to-low-voltage DC inverter control and energy conversion loss management. Utility Model Content

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide a DC power supply system for highway gantry, addressing the problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve its technical problem is: to construct a highway gantry DC power supply system, including: a distributed generation system and an energy storage control system;

[0006] The distributed generation system includes: a first generation module, a second generation module, and a third generation module;

[0007] The first power generation module is used to generate electricity based on the airflow effect and produce first electrical energy;

[0008] The second power generation module is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy and generate a second electrical energy source;

[0009] The third power generation module is used to capture the composite energy generated by the vehicle driving on the highway and convert the composite energy into third electrical energy; the composite energy is the energy of turbulence or wind pressure vibration and periodic airflow vibration generated by the vehicle driving on the highway.

[0010] The energy storage control system includes: a battery pack for generating a fourth type of electrical energy;

[0011] The energy storage control system is connected to the first power generation module, the second power generation module, and the third power generation module respectively, and is used to monitor the power of the first power generation module, the second power generation module, the third power generation module, and the battery pack, and to supply power to the load equipment of the gantry system based on the comprehensive power monitoring information.

[0012] In the DC power supply system for highway gantry described in this utility model, the first power generation module is a micro-wind power generation module;

[0013] The micro-wind power generation module includes: a constant voltage output unit; the constant voltage output unit is used to monitor the first electrical energy in real time and make adjustments based on the first electrical energy.

[0014] In the DC power supply system for highway gantry described in this utility model, the constant voltage output unit includes: a bridge rectifier circuit, a voltage regulator circuit, and a feedback resistor network;

[0015] The bridge rectifier circuit is used to convert the AC power generated by the micro wind power generation module into DC power to obtain the first electrical energy.

[0016] The voltage regulator circuit is connected to the bridge rectifier circuit and is used to monitor the first electrical energy in real time through the feedback resistor network and adjust the working state of the internal functional devices of the voltage regulator circuit based on the first electrical energy.

[0017] In the DC power supply system for highway gantry as described in this utility model, the bridge rectifier circuit includes: an eighth diode, a ninth diode, a tenth diode, a twelfth diode, a fourteenth diode, and a fifteenth diode; the voltage regulator circuit includes: an eleventh Zener diode, a thirteenth Zener diode, and a third diode; the feedback resistor network includes: a second resistor, an eleventh resistor, and a twelfth resistor.

[0018] The anode of the eighth diode is connected to the cathode of the fifteenth diode and then to the first output terminal of the AC power supply. The cathodes of the eighth, ninth, and tenth diodes are connected to the first terminal of the second resistor via a fuse. The anode of the ninth diode is connected to the cathode of the fourteenth diode and then to the second output terminal of the AC power supply. The anode of the tenth diode is connected to the cathode of the twelfth diode and then to the third output terminal of the AC power supply. The anodes of the fifteenth, fourteenth, and twelfth diodes are connected to the second terminal of the twelfth resistor. The second terminal of the second resistor... The first terminal of the twelfth resistor is connected to the cathode of the eleventh Zener diode. The anode of the eleventh Zener diode is connected to the first terminal of the eleventh resistor. The second terminal of the eleventh resistor is connected to the anode of the thirteenth Zener diode. The first terminal of the second resistor is connected to the first output terminal of the first power supply in sequence through the first transistor and the second diode. The cathode of the thirteenth Zener diode is connected to the emitter of the third diode. The collector of the third diode is connected to its base through the second capacitor. The base of the third diode is connected to the second output terminal of the first power supply through the tenth resistor. The base of the third diode is also connected to the anode of the second diode through the first capacitor.

[0019] In the DC power supply system for highway gantry described in this utility model, the second power generation module is a photovoltaic power generation module;

[0020] The photovoltaic power generation module includes: multiple solar panels; the multiple solar panels are connected in series or in parallel.

[0021] In the highway gantry DC power supply system described in this utility model, the third power generation module is a triboelectric nano-power generation module;

[0022] The triboelectric nanogenerator module includes: a triboelectric nanosystem and a magnetic circuit system;

[0023] The triboelectric nanosystem is used to capture the composite energy and convert the composite energy into the third electrical energy;

[0024] The magnetic circuit system is used in conjunction with the triboelectric nanosystem to modulate the energy conversion of the triboelectric nanosystem.

[0025] In the DC power supply system for highway gantry according to this utility model, the triboelectric nanogenerator module includes: an energy conversion circuit and an energy harvesting circuit;

[0026] The energy conversion circuit is used to convert the composite energy into the third electrical energy;

[0027] The energy harvesting circuit is connected to the energy conversion circuit and is used to collect and store the third electrical energy.

[0028] In the DC power supply system for highway gantry according to this utility model, the energy conversion circuit includes: a first motor, a second motor, a transformer, and a rectifier bridge; the energy harvesting circuit includes: a harvesting and storage chip, a first capacitor, a sixth capacitor, a seventh capacitor, a first inductor, and an eighth capacitor.

[0029] The first end of the first motor is connected to the first end of the transformer, the second end of the first motor is connected to the third end of the transformer, the first end of the second motor is connected to the fourth end of the transformer, and the second end of the second motor is connected to the fifth end of the transformer. The tenth end of the transformer is connected to the first input end of the rectifier bridge, the sixth end of the transformer is connected to the second input end of the rectifier bridge, the first output end of the rectifier bridge is connected to the first pin of the energy storage chip, the second output end of the rectifier bridge is connected to the ground pin of the energy storage chip, the tenth pin of the energy storage chip is connected to the first end of the first inductor, the second end of the first inductor is connected to the first end of the eighth capacitor and outputs the third electrical energy, and the eighth capacitor is grounded. The first capacitor is connected between the first pin and the third pin of the energy storage chip, the sixth capacitor is connected between the first pin and the ground pin of the energy storage chip, the first end of the seventh capacitor is grounded, and the second end of the seventh capacitor is connected to the fourth pin of the energy storage chip.

[0030] In the DC power supply system for highway gantry according to this utility model, the energy storage control system further includes: a power conversion module and an energy management system;

[0031] The power conversion module is connected to the first power generation module, the second power generation module, the third power generation module, the battery pack, and the energy management system, respectively; it is used to convert the first electrical energy, the second electrical energy, the third electrical energy, and the fourth electrical energy, and to supply power to the gantry system load equipment based on the control of the energy management system.

[0032] The DC power supply system for highway gantry as described in this utility model also includes:

[0033] Overcurrent protection circuit, used to protect the system from overcurrent.

[0034] Overvoltage protection circuit, used to perform overvoltage protection for the system;

[0035] Short-circuit protection circuit, used to perform short-circuit protection for the system;

[0036] Lightning protection circuit, used to provide lightning protection for the system.

[0037] The DC power supply system for highway gantry according to this utility model has the following beneficial effects: It includes a distributed generation system and an energy storage control system. The distributed generation system comprises a first generation module, a second generation module, and a third generation module. The first generation module generates first electrical energy based on airflow effects. The second generation module converts solar energy into second electrical energy. The third generation module captures and converts composite energy into third electrical energy. The energy storage control system includes a battery pack for generating fourth electrical energy. The energy storage control system monitors the electrical energy of the first generation module, the second generation module, the third generation module, and the battery pack, and supplies power to the gantry system load equipment based on comprehensive electrical energy monitoring information. Implementing this system can provide a stable power supply to the gantry system load equipment, and the system has a simple structure, low maintenance cost, high reliability, and high energy utilization rate. Attached Figure Description

[0038] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. In the accompanying drawings:

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic block diagram of the DC power supply system for highway gantry provided in this embodiment of the utility model;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the micro-wind power generation module provided in this embodiment of the utility model;

[0041] Figure 3 This is a partial circuit diagram of the micro-wind power generation module provided in this embodiment of the utility model;

[0042] Figure 4 This is a partial circuit diagram of the triboelectric nanogenerator module provided in this embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 5 This is a partial circuit diagram of the triboelectric nanogenerator module provided in this embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 6 This is a system architecture diagram of the DC power supply system for highway gantry provided in this embodiment of the utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0046] To address the existing power supply problems of highway gantry systems, this invention provides a DC power supply system for highway gantry systems. By introducing wind and photovoltaic power generation and configuring suitable energy storage battery packs, it forms an independently operating small-scale power system—a self-sufficient microgrid—providing a stable and reliable power supply to the highway gantry system. Furthermore, this DC power supply system for highway gantry systems features a simple structure, low maintenance costs, and high stability. Especially with backup battery packs, it can effectively power servers, preventing adverse effects on the gantry system and traffic monitoring due to power outages, and avoiding long-distance cable laying, construction, and energy losses.

[0047] refer to Figure 1 In a preferred embodiment, the highway gantry DC power supply system includes a distributed generation system 100 and an energy storage control system 200. The distributed generation system 100 includes a first power generation module 101, a second power generation module 102, and a third power generation module 103. The energy storage control system 200 includes a battery pack 202 for generating a fourth type of electrical energy.

[0048] Specifically, the first power generation module 101 generates electricity based on airflow effects (which can be generated by vehicles traveling on highways, wind power on highways, or a combination of both), producing first electrical energy. The second power generation module 102 converts solar energy into electrical energy, producing second electrical energy. The third power generation module 103 captures the composite energy generated by vehicles traveling on highways and converts it into third electrical energy. This composite energy consists of the energy from turbulence or wind pressure vibrations and periodic airflow vibrations generated by vehicles traveling on highways. The energy storage control system 200 is connected to the first power generation module 101, the second power generation module 102, and the third power generation module 103, respectively, to monitor the electrical energy of the first power generation module 101, the second power generation module 102, the third power generation module 103, and the battery pack 202, and supplies power to the gantry system load device 300 based on the comprehensive electrical energy monitoring information.

[0049] Optionally, in some embodiments, the first power generation module 101 is a micro-wind power generation module. Preferably, the micro-wind power generation module can be implemented using a bladeless wind power generation device. In a preferred embodiment, such as... Figure 2As shown, the bladeless wind power generation device includes: a wind energy capture device 111, a kinetic energy conversion and transfer mechanism 112, an energy conversion device 113, and a support base 114. The wind energy capture device 111 is connected to the energy conversion device 113 via the kinetic energy conversion and transfer mechanism 112, and the energy conversion device 113 is built into the support base 114. The wind energy capture device 111 is used to capture wind energy flowing around it. The kinetic energy conversion and transfer mechanism 112 converts the captured wind energy into mechanical energy for the bladeless power generation device, and this mechanical energy is transferred to the energy conversion device 113 via the kinetic energy conversion and transfer mechanism 112, and then the energy conversion device 113 converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy.

[0050] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the wind energy harvesting device 111 is a columnar structure (such as cylindrical or rod-shaped), which allows wind energy to be effectively guided and captured. Figure 2 As shown, one end of the kinetic energy conversion and transmission mechanism 112 is fixed in the wind energy capture device 111, and the other end is fixed in the support base 114, extending into the area where the energy conversion device 113 is located. This allows the wind energy capture device 111 to be connected to the energy conversion device 113, ensuring that mechanical energy can be stably and efficiently transferred to the area where the energy conversion device 113 is located. Optionally, the energy conversion device 113 can be a permanent magnet. By using a permanent magnet, mechanical energy can be converted into electrical energy. This conversion process is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction; that is, when the permanent magnet moves under the drive of mechanical energy, a current is generated in the winding, thereby realizing the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy. The converted electrical energy is finally output through the micro-wind power generation module, and the electrical energy output by the micro-wind power generation module is the first electrical energy. This bladeless wind power generation device has advantages such as reduced mechanical wear, lower maintenance costs, and improved stability and safety. Through technological innovation, bladeless wind power generation breaks through traditional limitations in terms of environmental protection, economy, and adaptability, and is an important development direction for future green energy. Specifically, by capturing wind energy from multiple directions using cylindrical or rod-shaped structures, dependence on wind direction can be reduced. The bladeless design reduces material usage by approximately 80%, lowering manufacturing and maintenance costs. It eliminates the need to consider the safety clearance required for blade rotation, allowing for the deployment of more power generation units within the same area. It also eliminates the risk of blades colliding with birds, reducing disturbance to the natural ecosystem. The mechanical noise generated by bladeless rotation has less impact on the surrounding environment; its compact size and lack of visual obstruction make it suitable for densely populated urban environments or distributed power generation scenarios; the bladeless structure reduces the risk of damage during strong winds or typhoons; the absence of complex components such as transmission gears reduces energy loss, lowering overall power generation costs by up to 40%; and the simplified mechanical structure reduces potential failure points, significantly lowering operation and maintenance costs.

[0051] In some embodiments, the micro-wind power generation module includes a constant voltage output unit; the constant voltage output unit is used to monitor the first electrical energy in real time and adjust it based on the first electrical energy. By designing this constant voltage output unit, effective management of the electrical energy generated by wind power generation can be achieved, ensuring a stable output voltage to adapt to electrical energy output under different wind conditions.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, the constant voltage output unit includes a bridge rectifier circuit, a voltage regulator circuit, and a feedback resistor network. The bridge rectifier circuit converts the AC power generated by the micro-wind power generation module into DC power to obtain the first electrical energy. The voltage regulator circuit is connected to the bridge rectifier circuit and is used to monitor the first electrical energy in real time through the feedback resistor network and adjust the working state of the internal functional devices of the voltage regulator circuit based on the first electrical energy.

[0053] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, the bridge rectifier circuit includes: the eighth diode D8, the ninth diode D9, the tenth diode D10, the twelfth diode D12, the fourteenth diode D14, and the fifteenth diode D15; the voltage regulator circuit includes: the eleventh Zener diode D11, the thirteenth Zener diode D13, and the third diode Q3; the feedback resistor network includes: the second resistor R2, the eleventh resistor R11, and the twelfth resistor R12. The anode of the eighth diode D8 is connected to the cathode of the fifteenth diode D15, and then connected to the first output terminal of the AC power supply. The cathodes of the eighth diode D8, the ninth diode D9, and the tenth diode D10 are connected to the first terminal of the second resistor R2 via fuse F1. The anode of the ninth diode D9 is connected to the cathode of the fourteenth diode D14, and then connected to the second output terminal of the AC power supply. The anode of the tenth diode D10 is connected to the cathode of the twelfth diode D12, and then connected to the third output terminal of the AC power supply. The anodes of the fifteenth diode D15, the fourteenth diode D14, and the twelfth diode D12 are connected to the second terminal of the twelfth resistor R12. The second terminal of the second resistor R2 is connected to the tenth diode D15. The first terminal of resistor R12 is connected to the cathode of the eleventh Zener diode D11. The anode of the eleventh Zener diode D11 is connected to the first terminal of resistor R11. The second terminal of resistor R11 is connected to the anode of the thirteenth Zener diode D13. The first terminal of resistor R2 is connected to the first output terminal of the first power source via transistor Q1 and diode D2. The cathode of the thirteenth Zener diode D13 is connected to the emitter of diode Q3. The collector of diode Q3 is connected to its base via capacitor C2. The base of diode Q3 is connected to the second output terminal of the first power source via resistor R10. The base of diode Q3 is also connected to the anode of diode D2 via capacitor C1. Figure 3As shown, a bridge rectifier circuit composed of multiple rectifier diodes (D8, D9, D10, D12, D14, and D15) converts the AC output of the bladeless wind turbine into DC. The rectified DC is further smoothed by filter capacitors (C3 and C4) to reduce pulsation. Simultaneously, a voltage regulator circuit monitors the output voltage (i.e., the first electrical energy) in real time through a feedback resistor network and adjusts the operating state of the internal power devices (i.e., the third diode Q3) to maintain a stable output voltage. Furthermore, this constant voltage output unit also includes protective components such as a Zener diode (e.g., D3) and a fuse (e.g., F1) to prevent overvoltage and overcurrent, thus protecting the circuit. The Zener diode D3 conducts when the voltage is too high, bypassing the excess voltage, while the fuse F1 blows in case of overcurrent, cutting off the circuit and preventing damage. Through multi-stage rectification and filtering, input voltage fluctuations are effectively reduced, and the cooperation of the voltage regulator circuit and the feedback resistor network ensures precise control of the output voltage. Furthermore, the addition of protective components enhances the safety and reliability of the circuit. This constant voltage output unit is compact in structure and exhibits good effectiveness and reliability, providing a stable voltage output under varying wind conditions, thus ensuring the stable operation of the micro-wind power generation module.

[0054] Optionally, in some embodiments, the second power generation module 102 is a photovoltaic power generation module. This photovoltaic power generation module includes multiple solar panels connected in series or parallel. The solar panels can be installed on the top or side of the gantry system to ensure maximum sunlight exposure. Connecting them in series or parallel can meet the system's power requirements. Furthermore, this photovoltaic power generation module utilizes most mainstream photovoltaic modules available on the market, such as models from manufacturers like LONGi, Trina Solar, and Jinko Solar, including but not limited to monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, thin-film, heterojunction, and perovskite modules. Introducing photovoltaic power generation can serve as a green and environmentally friendly supplement, utilizing crystalline silicon solar energy in conventional large-scale applications, offering low cost and reliability.

[0055] Optionally, in some embodiments, the third power generation module 103 is a triboelectric nano-power generation module. This module, through triboelectric charging and electrostatic induction coupling effects, can capture the energy of turbulent or wind pressure vibrations generated by a vehicle traveling at high speed and convert it into electrical energy, eliminating the need for complex transmission devices. It offers advantages such as low wind speed response (>2m / s), strong weather resistance, and low cost, making it suitable for low-carbon scenarios such as highway gantry systems, self-powered monitoring systems, smart streetlights, and traffic sensors, thereby improving energy recovery efficiency.

[0056] In a preferred embodiment, the triboelectric nanogenerator module includes a triboelectric nanosystem and a magnetic circuit system. The triboelectric nanosystem captures composite energy and converts it into electrical energy. The magnetic circuit system works in conjunction with the triboelectric nanosystem to regulate its energy conversion. Through the synergistic optimization design of the triboelectric nanosystem (triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)) and the magnetic circuit system (electromagnetic generator), high-speed fluid energy conversion can be achieved efficiently. The triboelectric nanosystem employs a nanoscale surface-textured triboelectric layer design, exhibiting ultrafast response characteristics. At vehicle speeds ≥80 km / h, the trigger contact separation frequency reaches over 50 Hz. Millisecond-level charge transfer is achieved through triboelectric charging and electrostatic induction coupling, resulting in a power density more than three times higher than traditional solutions. It also matches high-speed turbulence characteristics, increasing the local wind speed to 1.8 times the baseline value through a streamlined duct, overcoming the mechanical response bottleneck of low-speed TENGs and enabling stable current output even at wind speeds of 5 m / s. The magnetic circuit system employs a Halbach array arrangement, with dynamically adjustable gaps between coils and magnets (0.5–3 mm). This maximizes the rate of change of magnetic flux within a vehicle speed range of 80–120 km / h, resulting in linearly increasing output power with vehicle speed, reaching a maximum of 120 mW. The TENG friction layer utilizes a polytetrafluoroethylene-carbon nanotube composite material with a shear strength of 120 MPa. It maintains structural integrity under the 10 kPa pulsating pressure generated by vehicle wake, preventing material delamination caused by high-speed particle impacts and exhibiting strong impact resistance. The electromagnetic generator incorporates a spring damping system, effectively absorbing vibration energy across a wide frequency range of 6–200 Hz during vehicle operation. Simultaneously, it is optimized for high-frequency turbulent energy in the 1–100 Hz range, filling the energy capture blind spot below 20 Hz. This dual-mode synergy increases energy utilization to 68%.

[0057] In a preferred embodiment, the triboelectric nanogenerator module includes: an energy conversion circuit and an energy harvesting circuit; the energy conversion circuit is used to convert composite energy into third electrical energy; the energy harvesting circuit is connected to the energy conversion circuit and is used to collect and store the third electrical energy.

[0058] In a preferred embodiment, such as Figure 4 The energy conversion circuit shown includes: a first motor B2, a second motor B3, a transformer T1, and a rectifier bridge BD1. For example... Figure 5As shown, the energy harvesting circuit includes: an energy harvesting and storage chip U1, a first capacitor C1, a sixth capacitor C6, a seventh capacitor C7, a first inductor L1, and an eighth capacitor C8. The first terminal of the first motor B2 is connected to the first terminal of the transformer T1, the second terminal of the first motor B2 is connected to the third terminal of the transformer T1, the first terminal of the second motor B3 is connected to the fourth terminal of the transformer T1, and the second terminal of the second motor B3 is connected to the fifth terminal of the transformer T1. The tenth terminal of the transformer T1 is connected to the first input terminal of the rectifier bridge BD1, the sixth terminal of the transformer T1 is connected to the second input terminal of the rectifier bridge BD1, the first output terminal of the rectifier bridge BD1 is connected to the first pin of the energy storage chip U1, the second output terminal of the rectifier bridge BD1 is connected to the ground pin of the energy storage chip U1, the tenth pin of the energy storage chip U1 is connected to the first terminal of the first inductor L1, the second terminal of the first inductor L1 is connected to the first terminal of the eighth capacitor C8 and outputs the third electrical energy, and the eighth capacitor C8 is grounded. The first capacitor C1 is connected between the first and third pins of the energy storage chip U1, the sixth capacitor C6 is connected between the first pin and the ground pin of the energy storage chip U1, the first terminal of the seventh capacitor C7 is grounded, and the second terminal of the seventh capacitor C7 is connected to the fourth pin of the energy storage chip U1.

[0059] Specifically, such as Figure 4 As shown, the energy conversion circuit uses energy from vibrations or friction caused by airflow, or static electricity, as input sources to drive the first motor B2 and the second motor B3. The first motor B2 and the second motor B3 drive the transformer T1 to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. The transformer T1 has a specific turns ratio, such as 1:10, to boost the voltage. The rectifier bridge BD1 converts AC to DC to ensure stable output. This circuit is suitable for self-powered sensor nodes and other devices that require energy harvesting, achieving efficient conversion of mechanical energy to electrical energy. Figure 5 As shown, the energy harvesting and storage chip U1 (which can be an LTC3588 model) is a monolithic energy harvesting system. It can use a power point tracking (PPT) power source, and the LTC3588 chip can adjust the PPT to match the input energy (i.e., power point). Figure 4 The characteristics of the DC output from the rectifier bridge BD1 ensure efficient energy collection and storage. Figure 5 In this circuit, capacitors (C1, C6, C7, and C8) serve as filters and energy storage devices, ensuring a stable energy input. The LTC3588 chip is responsible for converting this unstable energy into a stable output voltage (i.e., the third type of electrical energy) to meet the power generation requirements. The first inductor L1 and the eighth capacitor C8 form an LC filter network, further smoothing the output voltage and reducing ripple.

[0060] Furthermore, such as Figure 1As shown, the energy storage control system 200 also includes a power conversion module 203 and an energy management system 201. The power conversion module 203 is connected to the first power generation module 101, the second power generation module 102, the third power generation module 103, the battery pack 202, and the energy management system 201, respectively; it is used to convert first electrical energy, second electrical energy, third electrical energy, and fourth electrical energy, and to supply power to the gantry system load equipment 300 based on the control of the energy management system 201.

[0061] In this embodiment of the invention, the battery pack 202 is an energy storage battery pack, which can be a miniaturized battery pack 202 composed of lithium iron phosphate cells or sodium-ion battery packs 202 (generally referring to battery packs 202 for small energy storage systems below 100 kWh), and is equipped with a battery management system (BMS) to realize battery charge and discharge management, status monitoring and fault early warning. The battery pack 202 can meet the stable power supply requirements of long-term low-rate operation in harsh outdoor environments.

[0062] The Energy Management System 201 (EMS) is primarily responsible for real-time monitoring of parameters such as the status of the battery pack 202, wind speed, and light intensity, as well as the power output of the micro-wind power generation module, photovoltaic power generation module, and triboelectric nano-power generation module. This allows it to control the power output of the power conversion module 203 based on the power demand of the gantry system load equipment 300. Furthermore, in extreme conditions, the Energy Management System 201 can ensure the continuity and stability of the system's power supply.

[0063] In some embodiments, the power conversion module 203 is a power electronic conversion device, which is mainly used to rectify, filter and stabilize the power generated by the micro wind power generation module, photovoltaic power generation module and triboelectric nano power generation module, and convert it into the small DC power required by the gantry system load equipment 300.

[0064] It should be noted that the battery pack 202, battery management system, energy management system 201, and power electronic conversion device in the energy storage control system 200 of this utility model are related to energy control and storage, and can be compatible with the major existing manufacturers and models on the market. This utility model does not make any specific limitations.

[0065] Considering that the gantry system equipment is mostly used for low-power outdoor environments, the energy storage section adopts a miniaturized energy-type battery pack 202. The miniature battery pack 202 can be composed of lithium iron phosphate cells or sodium-ion cells and equipped with a battery management system (BMS) to meet the requirements of long-term low-rate stable power supply in harsh outdoor high and low temperature (such as -40℃ to +75℃) enclosed environments, and to provide high-capacity continuous power output within a limited size.

[0066] In addition, equipped with a small energy management system 201, wind power, solar power, triboelectric nanogenerators, and battery packs 202 can directly power the gantry system under normal circumstances. The EMS can predict and intervene based on the gantry system's power consumption status and historical data, efficiently prioritizing the use of clean electricity such as wind and solar power. When the EMS detects sufficient wind and solar power and the energy storage battery is not fully charged, it will charge and store excess wind, solar, and triboelectric nanogenerators to the energy storage system. The gantry system equipment is powered in two modes: natural energy conversion and energy storage system power, which can be switched freely and quickly. When natural energy is scarce, the energy storage system can also fully guarantee the gantry system's power supply for a long time. In extreme cases where power failure may occur, the EMS, as the "smart brain" of the gantry's small DC power supply system, achieves high reliability, efficient energy utilization, cost optimization, and low-carbon operation of the highway gantry system equipment through three core functions: real-time control, optimized scheduling, and safety assurance.

[0067] Furthermore, the highway gantry DC power supply system also includes: an overcurrent protection circuit for overcurrent protection; an overvoltage protection circuit for overvoltage protection; a short-circuit protection circuit for short-circuit protection; and a lightning protection circuit for lightning protection. By incorporating these protection circuits, equipment damage or personal injury caused by system failures or external factors can be effectively prevented.

[0068] The overcurrent protection circuit can use a magnetically latched fuse (response time <10ms) as the primary protection and a solid-state circuit breaker (based on IGBT / thyristor topology) as the secondary fast-cutting device. Alternatively, a BMS can be used to monitor the battery pack current in real time and dynamically adjust the charging and discharging power thresholds in conjunction with power distribution. The overvoltage protection circuit can be configured with a bidirectional thyristor discharge circuit on the rectifier / inverter side, using a dynamic voltage regulation algorithm to absorb transient energy. Alternatively, BMS can trigger equalization control, such as active equalization control (e.g., the flying capacitor method) when the voltage of a single lithium iron phosphate battery cell exceeds 3.65V. The short-circuit protection circuit can be implemented by using a fire-resistant fuse at the DC bus end, or by integrating a short-circuit diagnostic module into the power conversion system, achieving millisecond-level fault location through high-frequency impedance detection. The lightning protection circuit can use a three-level SPD protection system (T1 / T2 / T3 level surge protectors) in conjunction with a low-impedance grounding network (grounding resistance <4Ω). Alternatively, a Faraday cage shielding structure can be used for critical equipment to suppress electromagnetic pulse interference.

[0069] It should be noted that the aforementioned protection circuit includes both independent hardware modules (such as fuses and surge arresters) and intelligent control algorithms integrated into electronic power conversion devices and battery management systems, representing a combined optimization solution of existing technologies. For example, independent modules: lightning protection employs multi-level SPD surge protection devices (such as metal oxide surge arresters) and DC-side fuses, among other physical protection devices. Integrated control: overcurrent / overvoltage protection functions are embedded in the software logic of the BMS and PCS, achieving graded response through linkage with circuit breakers and inverters.

[0070] like Figure 6 As shown, the DC power supply system for highway gantry of this utility model is mainly divided into four layers: energy generation layer, power distribution and storage layer, power dispatching layer, and energy application layer. The energy generation layer consists of a micro-wind power generation module, a photovoltaic power generation module, and a triboelectric nano-power generation module. The power distribution and storage layer and the power dispatching layer are composed of an energy storage control system 200. The energy application layer mainly consists of the gantry system load equipment 300. The energy storage control system 200 can realize the status and control of the EMS system, photovoltaic power generation, wind power generation, and triboelectric nano-power generation, thereby providing stable power supply to the gantry system load equipment 300, including lane controllers, switches, roadside units (RSUs), network security equipment, high-definition cameras, supplementary lighting, license plate image recognition equipment, and other load equipment.

[0071] The following is a case study of a wind-solar-storage power supply implementation using a highway gantry system that is not connected to the mains power grid.

[0072] In this embodiment, the reference total rated power of the highway gantry system is 1600W, and the instantaneous peak power can reach 4000W.

[0073] 1. Micro-wind power generation module.

[0074] Bladeless wind power generation:

[0075] Unit power: A bladeless fan is used, 5 meters high, with a rated power of 2000W per unit. It utilizes the natural wind power of the highway and the airflow from high-speed vehicles to improve power generation efficiency.

[0076] 2. Photovoltaic power generation module.

[0077] Using crystalline silicon photovoltaic systems:

[0078] Module power: High-efficiency monocrystalline silicon modules (400W per panel), each panel is approximately 2㎡ in size.

[0079] Configuration quantity: 16 units (total power 6.4kW) are installed on the top of the gantry. The average effective power generation time is 5 hours per day, the system efficiency is 80%, and MPPT photovoltaic output control is supported. The daily power generation is about 25.6kWh.

[0080] 3. Triboelectric nanogenerator module.

[0081] Auxiliary power generation: Triboelectric nanogenerators (50W per unit) are integrated into the guardrails on both sides of the gantry to generate electricity by utilizing the vibration of airflow from passing vehicles. With 10 units deployed, the daily power generation will increase by approximately 1.2 kWh.

[0082] 4. Energy storage control system 200.

[0083] (1) Battery pack 202:

[0084] Lithium iron phosphate battery pack 202:

[0085] Capacity configuration: Total capacity of energy storage battery pack is 50kWh (48V system, approximately 1042Ah).

[0086] Redundancy design: 30% capacity is reserved, and power supply is guaranteed for one consecutive day in scenarios without low wind speeds (such as winds below 3 m / s) and without effective sunlight. In practice, when a highway gantry system is under load, there are generally vehicles passing by. When vehicles pass by quickly on the highway, in addition to natural wind forces, turbulence and high-speed disturbed airflow are generated.

[0087] (2) Energy Management System (EMS):

[0088] Real-time monitoring of wind, solar, and energy storage power generation status and load demand; immediate warnings and prompts for handling any abnormalities.

[0089] Intelligent switching of power supply modes (prioritizing wind and solar power generation, with energy storage to make up for the shortfall).

[0090] Battery health monitoring and equalization management extend battery life.

[0091] 5. System power supply parameters.

[0092]

[0093] 6. Installation and maintenance.

[0094] Layout optimization: The photovoltaic panels are tilted 25° to the south, and the wind turbines are deployed on the windward side of the gantry to reduce the impact of turbulence.

[0095] Safety redundancy: The energy storage battery pack and EMS equipment are placed in the anti-collision box at the bottom of the gantry, with an IP65 protection rating.

[0096] Maintenance cycle: Clean the dust from the photovoltaic panels quarterly, and inspect the health of the wind turbine bearings and batteries annually.

[0097] By combining wind, solar and energy storage with triboelectric nanogenerators, the daily power supply reaches 51.2 kWh, which can cover the power demand of the gantry system with a daily power consumption of 38.4 kWh (1600W×24h full load).

[0098] During operation, the highway gantry DC power supply system simultaneously generates electricity through a micro-wind power generation module, a photovoltaic power generation module, and a triboelectric nano-power generation module. The generated electricity is processed by the power conversion module 203, with a portion directly supplying the gantry system load equipment 300 and the remainder stored in the energy storage battery pack. The energy management system 201 intelligently adjusts the power output based on system demand and battery status, ensuring the stability and reliability of the system's power supply. When wind speed or sunlight intensity is insufficient, the battery pack 202 releases electrical energy to supplement the system's power demand. Simultaneously, the energy management system 201 can intelligently adjust the charging strategy based on the remaining charge and charging rate of the battery pack 202, extending the lifespan of the energy storage battery and ensuring and improving system profitability.

[0099] The DC power supply system for highway gantry according to this utility model can achieve the following effects:

[0100] 1. Energy conservation and emission reduction: By introducing micro-wind power generation, photovoltaic power generation, and triboelectric nano-power generation as supplements, green power supply for highway gantry systems has been achieved, reducing dependence on traditional energy sources and helping to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.

[0101] 2. Reduced Costs: The system utilizes bladeless wind power generation, high-efficiency crystalline silicon solar panels, and triboelectric nanogenerators, reducing manufacturing and maintenance costs. Simultaneously, intelligent scheduling via the EMS improves energy efficiency and lowers operating costs.

[0102] 3. Improved power supply stability: The system is equipped with an energy storage battery pack and an EMS, which can ensure the continuity and stability of the system's power supply under extreme conditions, providing a strong guarantee for the normal operation of the highway gantry system.

[0103] 4. Promote the intelligentization of highways: The application of this system helps to promote the intelligentization and electrification of highways, and provides strong support for the development of intelligent transportation systems.

[0104] 5. Environmentally friendly and aesthetically pleasing: The bladeless wind turbine design not only reduces ecological disturbance but also enhances the landscape of highways. It also improves the safety of highway gantry wind power generation systems.

[0105] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of this utility model, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of this utility model and implement it accordingly. They do not limit the scope of protection of this utility model. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the claims of this utility model should fall within the scope of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A highway gantry direct current power supply system, characterized by, include: Distributed generation systems and energy storage control systems; The distributed generation system includes: a first generation module, a second generation module, and a third generation module; The first power generation module is used to generate electricity based on the airflow effect and produce first electrical energy; The second power generation module is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy and generate a second electrical energy source; The third power generation module is used to capture the composite energy generated by the vehicle driving on the highway and convert the composite energy into third electrical energy; the composite energy is the energy of turbulence or wind pressure vibration and periodic airflow vibration generated by the vehicle driving on the highway. The energy storage control system includes: a battery pack for generating a fourth type of electrical energy; The energy storage control system is connected to the first power generation module, the second power generation module, and the third power generation module respectively, and is used to monitor the power of the first power generation module, the second power generation module, the third power generation module, and the battery pack, and to supply power to the load equipment of the gantry system based on the comprehensive power monitoring information.

2. The highway gantry direct current power supply system of claim 1, wherein, The first power generation module is a micro-wind power generation module; The micro-wind power generation module includes: a constant voltage output unit; the constant voltage output unit is used to monitor the first electrical energy in real time and make adjustments based on the first electrical energy.

3. The highway gantry direct current power supply system of claim 2, wherein, The constant voltage output unit includes: a bridge rectifier circuit, a voltage regulator circuit, and a feedback resistor network; The bridge rectifier circuit is used to convert the AC power generated by the micro wind power generation module into DC power to obtain the first electrical energy. The voltage regulator circuit is connected to the bridge rectifier circuit and is used to monitor the first electrical energy in real time through the feedback resistor network and adjust the working state of the internal functional devices of the voltage regulator circuit based on the first electrical energy.

4. The highway gantry direct current power supply system of claim 3, wherein, The bridge rectifier circuit includes: an eighth diode, a ninth diode, a tenth diode, a twelfth diode, a fourteenth diode, and a fifteenth diode; the voltage regulator circuit includes: an eleventh Zener diode, a thirteenth Zener diode, and a third diode; the feedback resistor network includes: a second resistor, an eleventh resistor, and a twelfth resistor; The anode of the eighth diode is connected to the cathode of the fifteenth diode and then to the first output terminal of the AC power supply. The cathodes of the eighth, ninth, and tenth diodes are connected to the first terminal of the second resistor via a fuse. The anode of the ninth diode is connected to the cathode of the fourteenth diode and then to the second output terminal of the AC power supply. The anode of the tenth diode is connected to the cathode of the twelfth diode and then to the third output terminal of the AC power supply. The anodes of the fifteenth, fourteenth, and twelfth diodes are connected to the second terminal of the twelfth resistor. The second terminal of the second resistor... The first terminal of the twelfth resistor is connected to the cathode of the eleventh Zener diode. The anode of the eleventh Zener diode is connected to the first terminal of the eleventh resistor. The second terminal of the eleventh resistor is connected to the anode of the thirteenth Zener diode. The first terminal of the second resistor is connected to the first output terminal of the first power supply in sequence through the first transistor and the second diode. The cathode of the thirteenth Zener diode is connected to the emitter of the third diode. The collector of the third diode is connected to its base through the second capacitor. The base of the third diode is connected to the second output terminal of the first power supply through the tenth resistor. The base of the third diode is also connected to the anode of the second diode through the first capacitor.

5. The highway gantry direct current power supply system according to claim 1, wherein, The second power generation module is a photovoltaic power generation module; The photovoltaic power generation module includes: multiple solar panels; the multiple solar panels are connected in series or in parallel.

6. The highway gantry direct current power supply system according to claim 1, wherein, The third power generation module is a triboelectric nano-power generation module; The triboelectric nanogenerator module includes: a triboelectric nanosystem and a magnetic circuit system; The triboelectric nanosystem is used to capture the composite energy and convert the composite energy into the third electrical energy; The magnetic circuit system is used in conjunction with the triboelectric nanosystem to modulate the energy conversion of the triboelectric nanosystem.

7. The highway gantry direct current power supply system of claim 6, wherein, The triboelectric nanogenerator module includes: an energy conversion circuit and an energy harvesting circuit; The energy conversion circuit is used to convert the composite energy into the third electrical energy; The energy harvesting circuit is connected to the energy conversion circuit and is used to collect and store the third electrical energy.

8. The highway gantry direct current power supply system of claim 7, wherein, The energy conversion circuit includes: a first motor, a second motor, a transformer, and a rectifier bridge; the energy harvesting circuit includes: an energy storage chip, a first capacitor, a sixth capacitor, a seventh capacitor, a first inductor, and an eighth capacitor; The first end of the first motor is connected to the first end of the transformer, the second end of the first motor is connected to the third end of the transformer, the first end of the second motor is connected to the fourth end of the transformer, and the second end of the second motor is connected to the fifth end of the transformer. The tenth end of the transformer is connected to the first input end of the rectifier bridge, the sixth end of the transformer is connected to the second input end of the rectifier bridge, the first output end of the rectifier bridge is connected to the first pin of the energy storage chip, the second output end of the rectifier bridge is connected to the ground pin of the energy storage chip, the tenth pin of the energy storage chip is connected to the first end of the first inductor, the second end of the first inductor is connected to the first end of the eighth capacitor and outputs the third electrical energy, and the eighth capacitor is grounded. The first capacitor is connected between the first pin and the third pin of the energy storage chip, the sixth capacitor is connected between the first pin and the ground pin of the energy storage chip, the first end of the seventh capacitor is grounded, and the second end of the seventh capacitor is connected to the fourth pin of the energy storage chip.

9. The highway gantry direct current power supply system according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The energy storage control system also includes: a power conversion module and an energy management system; The power conversion module is connected to the first power generation module, the second power generation module, the third power generation module, the battery pack, and the energy management system, respectively; it is used to convert the first electrical energy, the second electrical energy, the third electrical energy, and the fourth electrical energy, and to supply power to the gantry system load equipment based on the control of the energy management system.

10. The highway gantry direct current power supply system according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Also includes: Overcurrent protection circuit, used to protect the system from overcurrent. Overvoltage protection circuit, used to perform overvoltage protection for the system; Short-circuit protection circuit, used to perform short-circuit protection for the system; Lightning protection circuit, used to provide lightning protection for the system.

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