Electrostatic speaker and electronic device

Abstract

The utility model belongs to loudspeaker technical field discloses a kind of electrostatic loudspeaker and electronic equipment, electrostatic loudspeaker includes shell, first polarity structure, second polarity structure, vibration structure. First polarity structure is equipped with at least one, first polarity structure is set in shell;Second polarity structure is equipped with at least one, second polarity structure is set in shell, and second polarity structure and first polarity structure are along first direction vibration structure alternately arranged;When one of the two of first polarity structure and second polarity structure includes electrode layer, the other of the two includes electret layer;First direction vibration structure is the thickness direction of shell;Vibration structure is set in shell, and vibration structure is conductor;The inner periphery of vibration structure is connected to second polarity structure, and the outer periphery of vibration structure is connected to shell. The electrostatic loudspeaker and electronic equipment provided by the utility model have long service life.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of loudspeaker technology, and in particular to an electrostatic loudspeaker and electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] An electrostatic loudspeaker is a loudspeaker that produces sound by vibrating its structure under the action of electrostatic force. Compared with a dynamic loudspeaker, which relies on electromagnetic force to vibrate its structure, an electrostatic loudspeaker has the advantage of being thinner and lighter.

[0003] In related technologies, electrostatic loudspeakers utilize the synergistic effect of audio signals and DC polarized power supplies to cause the accumulation of a certain density of charge on the surface of a vibrating structure. This causes the vibrating structure to be subjected to an alternating electric field, vibrating and producing sound in conjunction with the audio signal source. Current electrostatic loudspeakers generally include a shell, an electret layer, an electrode layer, and a diaphragm. Because the electrode layer needs to be connected to an external power source, and the electret layer experiences charge loss during prolonged use and requires replenishment, multiple conductive structures are required. This makes the internal structure of the electrostatic loudspeaker prone to interference, and conventional wiring connections pose a risk of conductive structure breakage, resulting in a short lifespan for the electrostatic loudspeaker. Utility Model Content

[0004] The first objective of this application is to provide an electrostatic loudspeaker to solve the technical problem of short service life in the prior art.

[0005] The second objective of this application is to provide an electronic device with a long service life.

[0006] Based on the above concept, the technical solution adopted in this application is:

[0007] Electrostatic loudspeakers, including:

[0008] shell;

[0009] A first polar structure is provided, at least one of which is disposed on the outer shell;

[0010] The second polar structure is provided at least one, the second polar structure is disposed on the outer shell, and the second polar structure and the first polar structure are alternately disposed along a first direction vibration structure; when one of the first polar structure and the second polar structure includes an electrode layer, the other one includes an electret layer; the first direction vibration structure is the thickness direction of the outer shell;

[0011] A vibrating structure is disposed inside the outer shell. The vibrating structure is a conductor. The inner periphery of the vibrating structure is connected to the second polarity structure, and the outer periphery of the vibrating structure is connected to the outer shell. The first polarity structure and the second polarity structure cooperate with each other to drive the vibrating structure to vibrate.

[0012] In one embodiment, there are two first polar structures, and the outer shell has mounting holes on both shell walls in the first direction. The two first polar structures are respectively disposed in the two mounting holes. There is one second polar structure, which is disposed between the two first polar structures.

[0013] In one embodiment, the housing has a first boss inside, and the outer periphery of the vibration structure is connected to the first boss.

[0014] In one embodiment, there are multiple first polar structures, multiple second polar structures and multiple vibration structures, and the multiple first polar structures and multiple second polar structures are arranged alternately along the first direction, with one second polar structure between every two adjacent first polar structures.

[0015] In one embodiment, the housing is provided with a second protrusion. In the first direction, the plurality of first polar structures include two outermost first polar structures and at least one inner first polar structure disposed between the two outermost first polar structures. The two outermost first polar structures are disposed on the shell wall of the housing. The inner first polar structure and the vibration structure are connected to the second protrusion.

[0016] In one embodiment, the vibration structure, the second polar structure connected to the vibration structure, the first polar structure on one side of the vibration structure, and the second protrusion enclose a second acoustic cavity; the vibration structure, the second polar structure connected to the vibration structure, the first polar structure on the other side of the vibration structure, and the second protrusion enclose a second rear cavity.

[0017] The side wall of the outer casing is provided with a sound outlet, and the second sound cavity is connected to the sound outlet.

[0018] In one embodiment, the first polar structure includes the electrode layer, and the electrostatic loudspeaker further includes a first electrical connector, one end of which is electrically connected to an external power source, and the other end of which is electrically connected to a first polar structure located between two adjacent second polar structures.

[0019] Alternatively, the second polar structure includes the electrode layer, and the electrostatic loudspeaker further includes a second electrical connector, one end of which is electrically connected to an external power source, and the other end of which is electrically connected to the second polar structure.

[0020] In one embodiment, the first polar structure includes the electrode layer, the second polar structure includes an electret layer, and the inner first polar structure is provided with a through hole.

[0021] In one embodiment, the first polar structure includes the electrode layer, the second polar structure includes an electret layer, the electrode layers of adjacent first polar structures are connected to the opposite electrode of an external power source, and the electret layers of two adjacent second polar structures have the same electrical properties.

[0022] Alternatively, the first polar structure includes the electret layer, the second polar structure includes an electrode layer, the electrode layers of adjacent second polar structures are connected to the same electrode of an external power source, and the electret layers of two adjacent first polar structures have opposite electrical properties.

[0023] In one embodiment, the vibration structure includes a folded ring portion that protrudes along the first direction.

[0024] Electronic devices, including electrostatic speakers as described above.

[0025] The beneficial effects of this application are:

[0026] One of the first polarity structure and the second polarity structure includes an electrode layer, and the other includes an electret layer. The electret layer stores electrical charge, and an external power source can input alternating current into the electrode layer, causing the second polarity structure and the first polarity structure to cooperate to drive the vibrating structure to vibrate through an electric field. The vibrating structure is a conductor, and it electrically connects the external power source to the first polarity structure. This reduces the need for other conductive structures, simplifies the internal structure of the speaker, reduces the likelihood of wire breaks, reduces the complexity of the internal structure of the speaker, and extends the lifespan of the electrostatic speaker.

[0027] The provided electronic equipment has a long service life. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments of this application will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the content of the embodiments of this application and these drawings without creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electrostatic loudspeaker provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of an electrostatic loudspeaker provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of a vibration structure, positioning element, and second polarity structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a top view of an electrostatic loudspeaker provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 The AA section view shown;

[0034] Figure 6 yes Figure 4 The BB section view shown;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another electrostatic loudspeaker provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0036] Figure 8 This is an exploded view of yet another electrostatic loudspeaker provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of another bottom shell structure provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0038] Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional view of yet another electrostatic loudspeaker provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of another electrostatic loudspeaker provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 12 This is an exploded view of another electrostatic loudspeaker provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0041] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of another electrostatic speaker provided in this application embodiment, without showing the cover.

[0042] Figure 14 This is a first cross-sectional view of another electrostatic loudspeaker provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 15 This is a second cross-sectional view of another electrostatic loudspeaker provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0044] Figure 16This is a cross-sectional view of an electrostatic loudspeaker with multiple vibration structures provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of another electrostatic loudspeaker provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0046] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of another electrostatic speaker provided in the embodiments of this application, without showing the cover;

[0047] Figure 19 This is an exploded view of another electrostatic loudspeaker provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0048] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of another bottom shell structure provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0049] Figure 21 This is a first cross-sectional view of another electrostatic loudspeaker provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0050] Figure 22 This is a second cross-sectional view of another electrostatic loudspeaker provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0051] In the picture:

[0052] 1. Outer shell; 11. Mounting hole; 12. Sound outlet; 13. First boss; 131. First channel; 14. Second boss; 140. Second channel; 141. Third channel; 142. Base; 143. Stacked body; 17. Bottom shell; 18. Cover;

[0053] 2. First polar structure; 21. Through hole; 22. Outer first polar structure; 23. Inner first polar structure;

[0054] 3. Second polar structure; 31. Electret layer; 32. Protective layer;

[0055] 4. Vibration structure; 41. Folded ring section; 42. First groove; 43. Second groove;

[0056] 51. First vocal cavity; 52. Second vocal cavity;

[0057] 61. First electrical connector; 62. Second electrical connector; 63. Third electrical connector;

[0058] 7. Positioning components;

[0059] 81. First posterior cavity; 82. Second posterior cavity;

[0060] X, the first direction. Detailed Implementation

[0061] To make the technical problems solved by this application, the technical solutions adopted, and the technical effects achieved clearer, the technical solutions of this application will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for explaining this application and not for limiting it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts relevant to this application are shown in the accompanying drawings, not all of them.

[0062] It should be understood that the phrase "an embodiment" or "one embodiment" throughout the specification means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic related to the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of this application. Therefore, "in one embodiment" or "in one embodiment" appearing throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, these specific features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0063] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0064] In the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0065] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature. In the description of this embodiment, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" specifically refers to two or more.

[0066] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential," etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of description and simplification of operation. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for distinction in description and have no special meaning.

[0067] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or it can be located in between the component.

[0068] The technical solution of this application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0069] This embodiment provides an electrostatic loudspeaker that has good acoustic performance and a long service life.

[0070] For example, such as Figures 1 to 22 As shown, the electrostatic loudspeaker includes a housing 1, a first polarity structure 2, a second polarity structure 3, and a vibration structure 4.

[0071] In this embodiment, the vibrating structure 4 is a conductor, meaning it possesses conductive properties. By setting the vibrating structure 4 as a conductive structure, and by conducting external power and the second polarity structure 3 through it, the need for other conductive structures is reduced, simplifying the internal structure of the electrostatic speaker. Furthermore, the vibrating structure 4 is less prone to wire breakage, reducing the complexity of the internal structure of the electrostatic speaker. In some optional embodiments, the vibrating structure 4 can be a diaphragm.

[0072] In one embodiment, the outer shell 1 serves as the supporting structure for the entire electrostatic speaker. The shape of the outer shell 1 can be configured according to requirements; for example, in this embodiment, the outer shell 1 is cuboid, while in other embodiments, it can also be cylindrical. The outer shell 1 has a length direction, a width direction, and a thickness direction (or height direction). Typically, the length of the outer shell 1 is greater than its width. In this embodiment, the thickness direction of the outer shell 1 is referred to as the first direction X.

[0073] In this embodiment, at least one first polar structure 2 and at least one second polar structure 3 are provided, and both are disposed on the outer casing 1. The first polar structure 2 and the second polar structure 3 are alternately disposed along the first direction X.

[0074] In this embodiment, the number of vibration structures 4 is the same as the number of second polar structures 3, and they correspond one-to-one. The vibration structures 4 are disposed inside the outer shell 1, and the inner periphery of each vibration structure 4 is connected to its corresponding second polar structure 3. The outer periphery of each vibration structure 4 is connected to the outer shell 1, so that the second polar structure 3 is connected to the outer shell 1 through the vibration structures 4. In this embodiment, the second polar structure 3 is not directly connected to the outer shell 1, but rather connected to it through the vibration structures 4.

[0075] It should be noted that when either the first polar structure 2 or the second polar structure 3 includes an electrode layer, the other includes an electret layer 31. In this embodiment, the electrode layer is electrically connected to an external power source, which supplies voltage to the electrode layer; exemplarily, the external power source inputs alternating current (AC) to the electrode layer. In some optional embodiments, the external power source inputs an AC audio voltage to the electrode layer, allowing the magnitude and frequency of the AC current input to the electrode layer to be adjusted as needed, thereby enabling the vibrating structure 4 to vibrate with different amplitudes and frequencies. It should also be noted that the first polar structure 2 is fixedly connected to the outer casing 1, and the first polar structure 2 will not move or vibrate relative to the outer casing 1.

[0076] In this embodiment, the inclusion of an electrode layer in the first polar structure 2 can be understood as at least a portion of the first polar structure 2 being composed of an electrode layer, or it can be understood as the entire first polar structure 2 being an electrode layer; this embodiment does not limit this. Similarly, the inclusion of an electrode layer in the second polar structure 3 can be understood as at least a portion of the second polar structure 3 being composed of an electrode layer, or it can be understood as the entire second polar structure 3 being an electrode layer; this embodiment does not limit this.

[0077] In this embodiment, the first polar structure 2 including an electret layer 31 can be understood as at least a portion of the first polar structure 2 being composed of an electret layer 31, or it can be understood as all of the first polar structure 2 being electret layers 31. This embodiment does not limit this. The second polar structure 3 including an electret layer 31 can be understood as at least a portion of the second polar structure 3 being composed of an electret layer 31, or it can be understood as all of the second polar structure 3 being electret layers 31. This embodiment does not limit this.

[0078] In this embodiment, the electret layer 31 stores electric charge. Two adjacent electret layers 31 may cooperate to form an electrostatic field to drive the vibration of the second polar structure 3. Alternatively, an electrostatic field may be formed between two adjacent electrode layers to drive the vibration of the second polar structure 3; this embodiment does not limit this approach.

[0079] In this embodiment, the first polar structure 2 and the second polar structure 3 cooperate to drive the vibration structure 4 to vibrate, thereby achieving sound generation. In this embodiment, the vibration direction of the vibration structure 4 is the first direction X. It should also be noted that the first polar structure 2 and the second polar structure 3 cooperate to make the second polar structure 3 vibrate in the first direction X, thereby driving the vibration structure 4 to vibrate in the first direction X.

[0080] It is understood that, in one embodiment, the vibration structure 4 is a conductor. This could be because the vibration structure 4 itself is a conductor, or conductive particles, conductive wires (such as silver wires, copper wires, etc.), conductive coatings, conductive strips, or other conductive structures are added to the material forming the vibration structure 4 to obtain a vibration structure 4 with a conductive structure. This embodiment does not limit this.

[0081] In one embodiment, the vibrating structure 4 is provided with a conductive structure, but this embodiment does not limit this.

[0082] When the second polar structure 3 includes an electret layer, by setting the vibration structure 4 as a conductor, it is convenient to connect an external power source through the vibration structure 4 to replenish the charge lost over time to the second polar structure 3, so as to ensure the amount of charge subjected to electric field force in the electric field.

[0083] When the second polarity structure 3 includes an electrode layer and the vibration structure 4 is a conductor, the external AC power supply can be electrically connected to the second polarity structure 3 through the vibration structure 4, eliminating the need for additional electrical connections. Furthermore, since the vibration structure 4 itself is a conductor, wire breakage is less likely during vibration, resulting in high overall stability of the speaker. In this embodiment, the vibration structure 4 can be a vibration structure to achieve better vibration performance.

[0084] In at least one embodiment, such as Figure 5 or Figure 6 As shown, the vibrating structure 4 is disposed inside the outer casing 1. The inner periphery of the vibrating structure 4 is connected to one of the first polar structure 2 and the second polar structure 3, and the other of the first polar structure 2 and the second polar structure 3 is connected to the outer casing 1. In this embodiment, the inner periphery of the vibrating structure 4 is connected to the second polar structure 3, and the outer periphery of the vibrating structure 4 is connected to the outer casing 1. The first polar structure 2 is connected to the outer casing 1; for example, the first polar structure 2 is fixedly disposed in the outer casing 1 and will not move relative to the outer casing 1, while the second polar structure 3 can move relative to the outer casing 1. The first polar structure 2 and the second polar structure 3 cooperate with each other to drive the vibrating structure 4 to vibrate, thereby causing the vibrating structure 4 to vibrate and produce sound.

[0085] The electrostatic loudspeaker provided in this embodiment includes an electrode layer in one of the first polarity structure 2 and the second polarity structure 3, and an electret layer in the other. The electret layer stores charge, and an external power source can input alternating current into the electrode layer, causing the second polarity structure 3 and the first polarity structure 2 to cooperate and drive the vibration structure 4 to vibrate through an electric field. The vibration structure 4 is a conductor and can conduct electricity, allowing it to replenish the charge lost from the electret layer due to prolonged use. This ensures that the charge in the electret layer can be effectively maintained for a longer period, thereby guaranteeing the strength of the electric field generated by the cooperation of the second polarity structure 3 and the first polarity structure 2. This, in turn, ensures the accuracy of the frequency and amplitude of the vibration of the vibration structure 4, effectively improving the acoustic performance of the electrostatic loudspeaker and extending its service life.

[0086] In some optional embodiments, the second polar structure 3 is arranged in parallel with the first polar structure 2, so that the second polar structure 3 or the first polar structure 2 can be subjected to more balanced forces, thereby ensuring the stability of sound generation.

[0087] Optionally, the second polar structure 3 is a plate-like structure. The charge can be uniformly distributed within the second polar structure 3. Of course, it is understandable that the charge can also be non-uniformly distributed within the second polar structure 3.

[0088] In some embodiments, the first polar structure 2 is a plate-shaped structure.

[0089] The electrostatic speaker provided in this embodiment uses a second polarity structure 3 and a first polarity structure 2 in cooperation to drive the vibration structure 4 to vibrate through an electric field. This makes full use of the space of the outer shell 1 in the first direction X. When the second polarity structure 3 connected to the vibration structure 4 vibrates in the first direction X, the maximum vibration amplitude can be close to the distance between the adjacent second polarity structure 3 and the first polarity structure 2. This can increase the amplitude space of the electrostatic speaker and increase the ratio of the amplitude of the electrostatic speaker in the first direction X to the thickness of the outer shell 1, thereby achieving the purpose of increasing the low-frequency amplitude. This allows the purpose of increasing low-frequency sensitivity to be achieved without stacking multiple electrostatic speakers. Furthermore, while improving low-frequency sensitivity, the electrostatic speaker can be thinner and lighter, making it suitable for electronic devices with high space requirements.

[0090] Furthermore, since the vibration structure 4 in this embodiment is driven by electric field force, there are no interfering components during the vibration process of the vibration structure 4 and the second polar structure 3, and there is no risk of voice coil breakage or overheating, thus it has high reliability.

[0091] In addition, because the electric field force generated by the electrostatic loudspeaker is more uniform, it has very little distortion, which improves the stability and acoustic performance of the electrostatic loudspeaker.

[0092] Optionally, the electrostatic loudspeaker provided in this embodiment can have various specific structures. For example, based on the number of vibration structures 4, it can be classified into structures with a single vibration structure 4 and structures with multiple vibration structures 4. The number of first polarity structures 2 and the number of second polarity structures 3 will also differ depending on the number of vibration structures 4, which will be explained in detail below.

[0093] For example, Figures 1 to 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electrostatic loudspeaker with a single vibrating structure 4 provided in this embodiment. Figures 1 to 6 This is a schematic diagram of the first polar structure 2 including an electrode layer and the second polar structure 3 including an electret layer 31. Figures 7 to 10 This is a schematic diagram of the first polar structure 2 including an electret layer 31 and the second polar structure 3 including an electrode layer.

[0094] In at least one implementation, such as Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the first polarity structure 2 includes an electrode layer, and there are two first polarity structures 2, which are arranged opposite to each other and parallel to each other in the first direction X. The two first polarity structures 2 are respectively connected to the two ends of an external power source (specifically, an AC power source). The two first polarity structures 2 have opposite polarities. After the external power source inputs AC power to the two first polarity structures 2, an electric field is generated between them. It should be noted that the electrode layers of the two first polarity structures 2 are electrically connected to the opposite electrodes of the external power source.

[0095] The charge conduction in the second polar structure 3, acting on the electric field force between the two first polar structures 2, allows the second polar structure 3 to vibrate. Since the second polar structure 3 is positioned between the two first polar structures 2, it is attracted by one of the first polar structures 2 and repelled by the other, causing it to vibrate. Furthermore, because the two first polar structures 2 are connected to the two ends of an AC power source, their polarities are always opposite, continuously providing a driving force for the second polar structure 3.

[0096] In this embodiment, the second polar structure 3 and the first polar structure 2 are alternately arranged along the first direction X. That is, there is a first polar structure 2 between two adjacent second polar structures 3 in the first direction X. The second polar structure 3 includes an electret layer 31, and the electret layer 31 stores charge, that is, the second polar structure 3 is a structure that carries charge. It should be noted that the electrode layers of the two first polar structures 2 are electrically connected to the opposite electrodes of an external power supply.

[0097] In some embodiments, the charge in the first polar structure 2 is subjected to the electric field force between the two first polar structures 2, and the second polar structure 3 can generate vibration.

[0098] In this embodiment, the inner periphery of the vibration structure 4 is connected to the second polar structure 3, and the outer periphery of the vibration structure 4 is connected to the outer shell 1.

[0099] In at least one embodiment, the electret layer 31 has a high charge density so that it can interact with the first polar structure 2 to generate a large electric field force.

[0100] In one embodiment, the specific surface area of ​​the electret layer 31 is greater than or equal to 100 mm². 2 / mm 3 When the specific surface area of ​​electret layer 31 is greater than or equal to 100 mm² 2 / mm 3 At this time, the charge density of the electret layer 31 can be relatively high to ensure the strength of the generated electric field. It should be noted that the specific surface area of ​​the electret layer 31 refers to the ratio of the surface area to the volume of the electret layer 31.

[0101] Alternatively, the specific surface area of ​​the electret layer 31 is greater than or equal to 600 mm². 2 / mm 3 .

[0102] Optionally, the charge in the electret layer 31 can be either positive or negative. This embodiment does not limit this. When the charge in the electret layer 31 is negative, the smaller size of the electrons helps to increase the charge density.

[0103] In one possible implementation, the charge in the electret layer 31 is negative, and the surface charge density of the electret layer 31 is greater than or equal to 10. -3 C / m 2 When the surface charge density of electret layer 31 is greater than or equal to 10 -3 C / m 2 This ensures a high charge density, thereby guaranteeing the uniformity and strength of the generated electric field. It should be noted that charge surface density refers to the amount of charge per unit area.

[0104] Further optionally, the surface charge density of the electret layer 31 is greater than or equal to 10. -2 C / m 2 .

[0105] In at least one embodiment, the electret layer 31 is made of SiO2, Si3N4, or other materials. When the electret layer 31 is made of SiO2 or Si3N4, it can store a large amount of charge.

[0106] Optionally, the second polar structure 3 also includes a protective layer 32 covering the electret layer 31. By providing the protective layer 32, the electret layer 31 can be protected on the one hand, and the overall rigidity of the second polar structure 3 can be improved on the other hand, thereby effectively improving the high-frequency characteristics.

[0107] In some alternative embodiments, the protective layer 32 may be made of polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), or other polymeric materials.

[0108] In some optional embodiments, the electrode layer of the first polar structure 2 is made of a metal material, such as copper, copper alloy, or other metal materials. This embodiment does not limit this.

[0109] In one implementation, such as Figure 3 As shown, the vibrating structure 4 is provided with a second groove 43, which is located on the inner periphery of the vibrating structure 4. The outer periphery of the second polar structure 3 is disposed in the second groove 43, and the second polar structure 3 is fixedly connected to and electrically connected to the groove wall of the second groove 43. By providing the second groove 43, the connection area between the second polar structure 3 and the vibrating structure 4 can be increased, thereby improving the connection strength between the second polar structure 3 and the vibrating structure 4, reducing the risk of separation between the second polar structure 3 and the vibrating structure 4 during vibration, and improving the connection strength and reliability.

[0110] Optionally, please continue to see Figure 3 As shown, the second groove 43 is an L-shaped groove, and the depth of the second groove 43 is equal to the thickness of the second polar structure 3. Of course, it can be understood that the second groove 43 can also be a U-shaped groove, with the edge of the second polar structure 3 inserted into the U-shaped groove; this embodiment does not limit this.

[0111] In this embodiment, the specific structure of the vibration structure 4 can be adjusted according to requirements. In one embodiment, such as... Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the vibrating structure 4 protrudes along the first direction X, that is, the portion between the inner and outer peripheries of the vibrating structure 4 is convex. With this configuration, the area of ​​the vibrating structure 4 in contact with the air can be larger, thereby pushing more volume of air with the same amplitude, which can improve the low-frequency and high-frequency sensitivity of the electrostatic speaker.

[0112] Optionally, such as Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the shape of the protrusion of the vibration structure 4 can be arc-shaped or other shapes, and this embodiment does not limit this.

[0113] In some alternative embodiments, such as Figure 5As shown, the vibration structure 4 includes a folded ring portion 41, which protrudes along the first direction X.

[0114] In other embodiments, the vibration structure 4 may also be planar, that is, the vibration structure 4 may not have protrusions, but it can still achieve vibration and sound generation.

[0115] In some alternative embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the outer casing 1 has mounting holes 11 on both walls in the first direction X. The mounting holes 11 are used to mount the first polar structure 2. Exemplarily, the two mounting holes 11 are arranged opposite to each other and centered, so that the structure installed in the mounting holes 11 can be directly aligned, thereby generating a large electric field.

[0116] In this embodiment, as Figure 6 or Figure 7 As shown, both mounting holes 11 are fitted with a first polarity structure 2. By installing the first polarity structure 2 in the mounting holes 11 of the housing 1, on the one hand, the first polarity structure 2 does not occupy the internal space of the housing 1, but makes full use of the wall thickness of the housing 1, which is beneficial to the miniaturization and thinning of the electrostatic speaker; on the other hand, the first polarity structure 2 is exposed through the mounting holes 11, and the external power supply can be directly electrically connected to the first polarity structure 2 without passing through the housing 1, which facilitates the assembly of the electrostatic speaker and can improve the assembly reliability and efficiency.

[0117] Optionally, the first polar structure 2 can be installed in the mounting hole 11 by adhesive bonding to achieve a higher connection strength. In one embodiment, the mounting hole 11 can be a stepped hole, with the first polar structure 2 overlapping and connecting to the stepped surface of the stepped hole, thereby providing a larger connection area between the first polar structure 2 and the outer shell 1 and improving the connection strength.

[0118] like Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, the vibration structure 4 located inside the outer shell 1 can be connected to the outer shell 1 via the first boss 13. In one embodiment, the outer shell 1 is provided with the first boss 13, and the outer periphery of the vibration structure 4 is connected to the first boss 13 to achieve connection with the outer shell 1. By providing the first boss 13, support can be provided for the vibration structure 4, thereby indirectly supporting the second polar structure 3, so that there is a gap between the second polar structure 3 and the first polar structures 2 on both sides, and this gap forms an amplitude space. In some optional embodiments, the first boss 13 and the outer shell 1 can be an integral structure.

[0119] Optionally, the vibration structure 4 can be directly connected to the first boss 13; or, the vibration structure 4 can also be electrically connected to the second polarity structure 3 through other components, for example, please combine Figure 3 and Figure 6A positioning element 7 is fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the vibration structure 4. The positioning element 7 is fixedly connected to the first boss 13. By setting the positioning element 7, the connection strength between the vibration structure 4 and the first boss 13 can be improved. In one embodiment, the first boss 13 is provided with a limiting groove (not shown in the figure). The positioning element 7 can be fixedly set in the limiting groove to improve the limiting effect of the positioning element 7.

[0120] It should be noted that when the vibration structure 4 is connected to the positioning member 7, in one embodiment, the positioning member 7 and the second polar structure 3 are located on the same side of the vibration structure 4.

[0121] In at least one implementation, such as Figure 3 As shown, the vibration structure 4 is provided with a first groove 42 that cooperates with the positioning member 7. The first groove 42 is located on the outer periphery of the vibration structure 4, and the positioning member 7 is disposed in the first groove 42 and fixedly connected to the groove wall of the first groove 42. By providing the first groove 42, the connection area between the positioning member 7 and the vibration structure 4 can be increased, thereby improving the connection strength between the positioning member 7 and the vibration structure 4, reducing the risk of separation between the positioning member 7 and the vibration structure 4 during vibration, and improving the connection strength and reliability.

[0122] It should be noted that when the vibrating structure 4 is conductive, the positioning element 7 is not only fixedly connected to the vibrating structure 4, but also electrically connected. With this configuration, the external power supply is connected to the second polarity structure 3 through the positioning element 7 and the vibrating structure 4, thus achieving an electrical connection between the second polarity structure 3 and the external power supply.

[0123] In some alternative embodiments, the first boss 13 is generally annular, and, as... Figure 1 As shown, a sound outlet 12 is provided on the side wall of the outer casing 1, from which sound can be transmitted from the electrostatic speaker. (As shown...) Figure 5 or Figure 6 As shown, the first boss 13, the vibration structure 4, the second polar structure 3, and one of the two first polar structures 2 enclose and form a first acoustic cavity 51. The vibration structure 4 drives the air in the first acoustic cavity 51 to vibrate and produce sound. The first acoustic cavity 51 is connected to the sound outlet 12, so that the sound in the first acoustic cavity 51 is transmitted through the sound outlet 12.

[0124] It should be noted that the first acoustic cavity 51 can also be referred to as the front cavity. In this embodiment, as... Figure 6 As shown, the outer shell 1, the vibration structure 4, the second polar structure 3, and the other first polar structure 2 of the two first polar structures 2 can enclose and form the first rear cavity 81 of the sound-generating device. In this embodiment, the first acoustic cavity 51 and the first rear cavity 81 are independent and not connected to each other.

[0125] In one embodiment, such as Figure 6As shown, the first protrusion 13 may be provided with a first audio channel 131, which is used to connect the first acoustic cavity 51 with the sound outlet 12. Of course, it is understood that the first protrusion 13 may not be provided with a first audio channel 131, and this embodiment does not limit this.

[0126] In this embodiment, the outer shell 1 can be a split structure or a one-piece structure. For example, as shown... Figure 2 As shown, the outer casing 1 includes a bottom shell 17 and a cover 18. The bottom shell 17 has an opening, and the cover 18 is installed at the opening of the bottom shell 17 to form a relatively sealed space with the bottom shell 17. Both the cover 18 and the bottom shell 17 are provided with mounting holes 11. A first boss 13 is connected to the bottom shell 17, and a sound outlet 12 is provided on the side wall of the bottom shell 17. By providing a split outer casing 1, the assembly and disassembly of the electrostatic speaker can be facilitated.

[0127] The electrostatic loudspeaker in this embodiment has a single vibration structure 4, that is, the electrostatic loudspeaker includes one vibration structure 4. Both the first acoustic cavity 51 and the first rear cavity 81 are also provided in this embodiment.

[0128] For example, Figures 7 to 10 This is a schematic diagram of another electrostatic loudspeaker with a vibration structure 4 provided in this embodiment.

[0129] In at least one embodiment, the first polar structure 2 includes an electret layer, and the second polar structure 3 includes an electrode layer. Furthermore, there are two first polar structures 2, one second polar structure 3, and one vibration structure 4. The electret layers of the two first polar structures 2 have opposite electrical properties; that is, the charges stored in the electret layers of the two first polar structures 2 have opposite electrical properties.

[0130] In this embodiment, the charges stored in the electret layers of the two first polarity structures 2 are set to have opposite polarities, so that a constant electric field can be formed between the two first polarity structures 2. Alternating current is still passed through the electrode layer of the second polarity structure 3. The alternating electric field generated by the second polarity structure 3 interacts with the constant electric field formed by the two first polarity structures 2, thereby driving the second polarity structure 3 to vibrate along the first direction X, thereby causing the vibrating structure 4 to vibrate and produce sound.

[0131] As can be seen, the electrostatic loudspeaker with a vibration structure 4 provided in this embodiment differs from the electrostatic loudspeaker with a vibration structure 4 described above only in the composition of the first polarity structure 2 and the second polarity structure 3; the rest of the structures are the same. For example, in this embodiment, when the housing 1 is provided with mounting holes 11, the two first polarity structures 2 are still installed in the two mounting holes 11 respectively.

[0132] In one embodiment, when the vibrating structure 4 is a conductor or has a conductive structure on it, the vibrating structure 4 is electrically connected to the electrode layer of the second polarity structure 3. Alternatively, it can be considered that the vibrating structure 4 is electrically connected to the second polarity structure 3. In this case, an external power source can input alternating current to the electrode layer of the second polarity structure 3 through the vibrating structure 4.

[0133] For example, such as Figure 8 As shown, the electrostatic loudspeaker also includes a third electrical connector 63, one end of which is electrically connected to an external power source. The other end of the third electrical connector 63 is electrically connected to the second polarity structure 3. Specifically, the other end of the third electrical connector 63 is electrically connected to the electrode layer of the second polarity structure 3. By providing the third electrical connector 63, the convenience and reliability of connecting the second polarity structure 3 to the external power source can be improved, and the connection difficulty can be reduced.

[0134] In at least one embodiment, the end of the third electrical connector 63 that is connected to the external power supply may be located on the outer surface of the housing 1, that is, the third electrical connector 63 is exposed from the housing 1 to facilitate electrical connection to the external power supply.

[0135] Optionally, when the vibration structure 4 is a conductor or a conductive structure is provided on the vibration structure 4, the other end of the third electrical connector 63 is located inside the outer shell 1 and is electrically connected to the vibration structure 4, thereby achieving electrical connection with the electrode layer of the second polarity structure 3 through the vibration structure 4. When the vibration structure 4 is electrically connected to the positioning member 7, the end of the third electrical connector 63 located inside the outer shell 1 can also be electrically connected to the positioning member 7.

[0136] like Figure 10 As shown, the third electrical connector 63 can be Z-shaped. When the housing 1 has a first protrusion 13, the third electrical connector 63 is disposed on the first protrusion 13. For example, the third electrical connector 63 can be confined within the first protrusion 13. Optionally, at least a portion of the third electrical connector 63 can be embedded in the first protrusion 13; this embodiment does not limit this. Exemplarily, the specific composition of the first acoustic cavity 51 and the first rear cavity 81 in this embodiment is the same as... Figures 1 to 6 The first acoustic cavity 51 and the first rear cavity 81 in the electrostatic loudspeaker shown have the same specific composition, which will not be described in detail here.

[0137] The electrostatic loudspeaker provided in this embodiment is driven by an electric field, making maximum use of the space in the first direction X. This allows the amplitude in the first direction X to reach 80% of the total height of the electrostatic loudspeaker, significantly increasing the low-frequency amplitude and greatly enhancing low-frequency sensitivity, achieving the level of other dynamic loudspeakers with 2-3 units stacked together. Since the driving force is an electric field, components such as the midrange coil and magnetic circuit found in dynamic loudspeakers are eliminated, simplifying the overall structure and manufacturing process of the electrostatic loudspeaker. Furthermore, because the second polarity structure 3 and the vibrating structure are driven by an electric field, there is no interference from external parts during the vibration process, and there is no risk of voice coil breakage or overheating. The relatively uniform electric field also results in very low distortion. Additionally, the vibrating structure 4 has a raised folded ring 41 along the first direction X, which pushes a larger volume of air for the same amplitude, resulting in greater sensitivity of the electrostatic loudspeaker.

[0138] In at least one embodiment, Figures 11 to 22 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electrostatic loudspeaker with multiple vibration structures 4 provided in this embodiment. Figures 11 to 16 This is a schematic diagram of the first polar structure 2 including an electrode layer and the second polar structure 3 including an electret layer 31. Figures 17 to 22 This is a schematic diagram of the first polar structure 2 including an electret layer 31 and the second polar structure 3 including an electrode layer.

[0139] It should be noted that, Figures 11 to 16 The electrostatic speaker provided in this embodiment is Figures 1 to 6 The difference between the electrostatic loudspeakers shown lies in the number of vibrating structures 4. The specific structures of the vibrating structures 4 and the electret layer are identical, and will not be described again in this embodiment.

[0140] In this embodiment, the electrostatic loudspeaker has a multi-vibration structure 4. For example, as shown below... Figures 11 to 15As shown, multiple first polarity structures 2, second polarity structures 3, and vibration structures 4 are provided. The multiple second polarity structures 3 and multiple first polarity structures 2 are arranged alternately along the first direction X. Each first polarity structure 2 is fixedly connected to the outer shell 1. The multiple second polarity structures 3 and multiple vibration structures 4 are located inside the outer shell 1, with each vibration structure 4 corresponding to a second polarity structure 3. The inner periphery of each vibration structure 4 is connected to its corresponding second polarity structure 3. In this embodiment, each first polarity structure 2 includes an electrode layer, and each second polarity structure 3 includes an electret layer. It should be noted that the electrode layers of adjacent first polarity structures 2 along the first direction X are connected to opposite electrodes of an external power source, and the electret layers of two adjacent second polarity structures 3 have opposite electrical properties. Thus, the second polar structure 3 between two adjacent first polar structures 2 has the same electrical polarity as the first polar structure 2 and the opposite polarity to the other first polar structure 2, causing the adjacent first polar structures to vibrate in opposite directions. That is, the adjacent two vibrating structures 4 move towards each other or away from each other at the same time, thereby allowing the adjacent two vibrating structures 4 to simultaneously push or pull the air between them, achieving an enhancement of acoustic performance (amplitude, frequency, etc.) in this embodiment. Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of an electrostatic loudspeaker comprising three or more vibrating structures 4, and Figure 16 An abbreviated drawing method was used.

[0141] The multi-layer vibration structure provided in this embodiment can further improve sensitivity, making it suitable for electronic devices with high sensitivity requirements. It should also be noted that, while achieving similar sound quality and effects to a moving-coil loudspeaker, the electrostatic loudspeaker in this embodiment, without a magnetic circuit or voice coil, still retains the advantages of smaller thickness, larger vibration amplitude, and higher low-frequency sensitivity.

[0142] In at least one possible implementation, such as Figure 12 and Figure 14 As shown, a through hole 21 can be provided in the first polar structure 2 located between two adjacent second polar structures 3 in the first direction X. By providing the through hole 21, the airflow balance on both sides of the first polar structure 2 can be maintained, thereby further improving the acoustic performance of the electrostatic loudspeaker.

[0143] Optionally, such as Figure 12 As shown, multiple through holes 21 are provided to improve the airflow balance at various points of the first polar structure 2. The multiple through holes 21 can be arranged in an array or in a non-array arrangement; this embodiment does not limit this arrangement.

[0144] The specific structure of the outer shell 1 in this embodiment can be the same as that of the outer shell 1 in the above embodiments. That is, the outer shell 1 can include a bottom shell 17 and a cover 18.

[0145] In some alternative embodiments, such as Figure 13 As shown, a second protrusion 14 is provided inside the outer casing 1. Exemplarily, the second protrusion 14 is connected to the bottom casing 17. Of course, it can be understood that the second protrusion 14 can also be connected to the cover 18, but this embodiment does not limit this.

[0146] In this embodiment, in the first direction X, such as Figure 16 As shown, the plurality of first polarity structures 2 may include two outermost first polarity structures 22 and at least one inner first polarity structure 23 disposed between the two outermost first polarity structures 22. That is, the first first polarity structure 2 and the last first polarity structure 2 in the first direction X are both outer first polarity structures 22. The inner first polarity structure 23 is located between two adjacent second polarity structures 3. In this embodiment, the inner first polarity structure 23 may be provided with a through hole 21.

[0147] In this embodiment, two outer first polar structures 22 are disposed on the shell wall of the outer shell 1, and the inner first polar structure 2 and the vibration structure are both connected to the second boss 14 so as to achieve a fixed connection with the outer shell 1 through the second boss 14.

[0148] In this embodiment, the outer periphery of each vibrating structure 4 is connected to the second boss 14 to achieve connection with the outer shell 1. When the vibrating structure 4 is connected to the positioning member 7, the positioning member 7 is connected to the second boss 14. By setting the second boss 14, the structure located inside the outer shell 1 can be easily supported and fixed, thereby forming a sound cavity.

[0149] For example, such as Figure 12 As shown, the outer casing 1 has mounting holes 11 on both shell walls in the first direction X, and the two outer first polar structures 22 are respectively installed in the mounting holes 11. It can be understood that the second boss 14 can also be provided with mounting holes, and the first polar structure 2 is installed in the mounting holes on the second boss 14.

[0150] In at least one implementation, such as Figure 14 and Figure 15 As shown, a second acoustic cavity 52 is formed by the enclosure of each vibrating structure 4, the second polar structure 3 connected to the vibrating structure 4, the second protrusion 14, and the first polar structure 2 on one side of the vibrating structure 4. A second rear cavity 82 is formed by the enclosure of the vibrating structure 4, the second polar structure 3 connected to the vibrating structure 4, the second protrusion 14, and the first polar structure 2 on the other side of the vibrating structure 4. A sound outlet 12 is provided on the side wall of the outer shell 1, and each second acoustic cavity 52 is connected to the sound outlet 12 so that the generated sound is transmitted from the sound outlet 12.

[0151] In this embodiment, by setting a second protrusion 14, the second protrusion 14 is used to enclose and form a second acoustic cavity 52 and a second rear cavity 82, so that the second protrusion 14 not only supports the second polar structure 3, the first polar structure 2, and the vibration structure 4, but also improves the utilization rate of the second protrusion 14.

[0152] It should be noted that the number of second acoustic cavities 52 is the same as the number of vibrating structures 4, and they correspond to each other. The number of second rear cavities 82 is the same as the number of vibrating structures 4, and they correspond to each other. The second acoustic cavities 52 and the second rear cavities 82 are independent and not connected to each other. Multiple second rear cavities 82 can be connected. Multiple second acoustic cavities 52 can be interconnected; for example, two adjacent second acoustic cavities 52 can be connected through the through-hole 21 on the inner first polarity structure 23. Of course, it is understood that two adjacent second acoustic cavities 52 can also be relatively independent, and this embodiment does not limit this.

[0153] It is understandable that, such as Figure 12 and Figure 15 As shown, the second protrusion 14 may be provided with a second sound channel 140, and the second sound cavity 52 can be connected to the sound outlet 12 through the second sound channel 140. Of course, it can be understood that the second sound cavity 52 can also be directly connected to the sound outlet 12, but this embodiment does not limit this.

[0154] In one implementation, such as Figure 15 As shown, the second protrusion 14 is provided with a third channel 141, and the second rear cavity 82 communicates with other second rear cavities 82 through the third channel 141. For example, as... Figure 14 and Figure 15As shown, the electrostatic loudspeaker includes three first polarity structures 2. Two of the three first polarity structures 2 (i.e., the outer first polarity structures 22) are fixed in the mounting holes 11 of the outer shell 1, and the other first polarity structure 2 (i.e., the inner first polarity structure 23) is mounted on the second protrusion 14. The electrostatic loudspeaker includes two vibration structures 4 and two second polarity structures 3. The two second acoustic cavities 52 corresponding to the two vibration structures 4 are arranged adjacent to each other. The two second rear cavities 82 are located on opposite sides of the two second acoustic cavities 52. One of the second rear cavities 82 is formed by the enclosure between the first polarity structure 2, the second protrusion 14, one second polarity structure 3, and one vibration structure 4 provided in the mounting holes 11 of the bottom shell 17. The third channel 141 is provided in the second rear cavity 82 corresponding to the position of the second protrusion 14. Another second rear cavity 82 is formed by being enclosed between the first polar structure 2, the second protrusion 14, another vibration structure 4, another second polar structure 3, and the outer shell 1 of the cover 18. That is, the second rear cavity 82 is formed by the space of the outer shell 1 other than the space where the second protrusion 14 is located. Therefore, the second rear cavity 82 is connected to the other second rear cavity 82 through the third sound channel 141 on the second protrusion 14.

[0155] In one embodiment, such as Figure 14 and Figure 15 As shown, the second protrusion 14 is a split structure to facilitate the assembly of the electrostatic speaker. Exemplarily, the second protrusion 14 includes a base 142 and a superimposed body 143 disposed on the base 142. The base 142 is connected to the outer shell 1 (e.g., the bottom shell 17 connected to the outer shell 1), and the base 142 and the bottom shell 17 can be an integral structure. The vibration structure 4 is connected to the base 142 and / or the superimposed body 143. The first polar structure 2 (i.e., the inner first polar structure 23) located between two adjacent second polar structures 3 is connected to the base 142 and / or the superimposed body 143; this embodiment does not limit this. One or more superimposed bodies 143 can be provided, and multiple superimposed bodies 143 are sequentially arranged and interconnected along the first direction X to achieve the superposition of multiple vibration structures 4 in the first direction X.

[0156] In other embodiments, the second boss 14 may also be an integral structure, and this embodiment does not limit this.

[0157] When the first polarity structures 2 are all disposed on the surface of the outer casing 1, it facilitates the electrical connection between the first polarity structures 2 and the external power supply. When there is a first polarity structure 2 located inside the outer casing 1 (i.e., the inner first polarity structure 23), in order to facilitate the electrical connection between the inner first polarity structure 23 and the external power supply, in this embodiment, as follows: Figures 12 to 14As shown, the electrostatic loudspeaker also includes a first electrical connector 61. One end of the first electrical connector 61 is electrically connected to an external power source, and the other end of the first electrical connector 61 is electrically connected to a first polarity structure 2 located between two adjacent second polarity structures. That is, the first electrical connector 61 is electrically connected to the inner first polarity structure.

[0158] It should be noted that one or more first electrical connectors 61 may be provided. When one first electrical connector 61 is provided, multiple inner first polarity structures are electrically connected to the first electrical connector 61. When multiple first electrical connectors 61 are provided, the multiple first electrical connectors 61 are electrically connected to the multiple inner first polarity structures 23 in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0159] In at least one implementation, such as Figure 11 As shown, one end of the first electrical connector 61 for connecting to an external power source can be located on the outer surface of the housing 1, that is, one end of the first electrical connector 61 protrudes from the surface of the housing 1 to facilitate electrical connection with an external power source. Exemplarily, the number of first electrical connectors 61 is the same as the number of first polarity structures 2 located between two adjacent second polarity structures 3 and is correspondingly arranged. One end of each first electrical connector 61 is located on the outer surface of the housing 1, and the other end of each first electrical connector 61 is electrically connected to the corresponding inner first polarity structure 23, so that an external power source can provide alternating current to the inner first polarity structure 23 through the first electrical connector 61.

[0160] By setting the first electrical connector 61, the difficulty of connecting the first polar structure 2 located inside the housing 1 to the external power supply can be reduced, and the convenience and stability of the electrical connection can be improved.

[0161] In some alternative embodiments, the first electrical connector 61 can be a solder pad. The shape of the first electrical connector 61 can be configured as needed. For example, in this embodiment, the first electrical connector 61 is Z-shaped to improve the strength of the electrical connection between the first electrical connector 61 and the external power supply and the inner first polarity structure 23.

[0162] In one embodiment, the first electrical connector 61 can be limited by the second boss 14 to reduce the risk of movement of the first electrical connector 61 relative to the housing 1. For example, as Figure 14 As shown, the first electrical connector 61 can be disposed on the second boss 14 to have high fixing strength. For example, at least a portion of the first electrical connector 61 is embedded in the second boss 14.

[0163] In this embodiment, the first electrical connector 61 is located on the surface of the housing 1 where the mounting hole 11 is provided, so that the first electrical connector 61 is closer to the first polar structure 2 located on the surface of the housing 1, which further facilitates the electrical connection with the external power supply and shortens the length of the connecting wire.

[0164] In at least one possible implementation, when there are multiple first electrical connectors 61, at least a portion of the multiple first electrical connectors 61 can be connected as one unit, thereby facilitating the simultaneous installation of multiple first electrical connectors 61. Furthermore, the multiple first electrical connectors 61 form a contact area on the surface of the housing 1, so that there is only one electrical connection point between the external power supply and the multiple inner first polarity structures 23, further reducing the difficulty and complexity of connecting the electrostatic speaker to the external power supply and improving the assembly efficiency when assembling the electrostatic speaker into electronic devices.

[0165] In one implementation, such as Figure 16 As shown, when the first polar structure 2 includes an electrode layer, the second polar structure 3 includes an electret layer, and both the first polar structure 2 and the second polar structure 3 are provided with multiple layers, the electrode layers of two adjacent second polar structures 3 are connected to the opposite electrodes of an external power source.

[0166] This configuration results in the vibration directions of two adjacent second polar structures 3 being opposite, which in turn causes the motion directions of two adjacent vibration structures 4 to be opposite. That is, the two adjacent vibration structures 4 move towards each other or away from each other at the same time, thereby enabling the two adjacent vibration structures 4 to simultaneously push or pull the air between them, thus enhancing the acoustic performance (amplitude, frequency, etc.).

[0167] Figures 17 to 22 This is yet another type of electrostatic loudspeaker provided in this embodiment. The electrostatic loudspeaker has multiple vibration structures 4, with the first polarity structure 2 including an electret layer and the second polarity structure 3 including an electrode layer. That is, compared to... Figures 7 to 10 Compared to the electrostatic loudspeaker shown, the difference lies in that the electrostatic loudspeaker in this embodiment has multiple vibration structures 4, multiple first polarity structures 2, and multiple second polarity structures 3. Figures 11 to 15 Compared to the electrostatic loudspeaker shown, the difference lies in that the first polarity structure 2 of the electrostatic loudspeaker in this embodiment includes an electret layer, and the second polarity structure 3 includes an electrode layer. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the electrode layers of adjacent second polarity structures 3 in the first direction X are connected to opposite electrodes of an external power supply, and the electret layers of two adjacent first polarity structures 2 have opposite electrical properties.

[0168] For example, such as Figures 17 to 22As shown, in this embodiment, multiple first polar structures 2, multiple second polar structures 3, and multiple vibration structures 4 are provided. The multiple second polar structures 3 and multiple first polar structures 2 are arranged alternately along the first direction X. Each first polar structure 2 is connected to the outer shell 1. The multiple second polar structures 3 and multiple vibration structures 4 are all located inside the outer shell 1, with each vibration structure 4 corresponding to a second polar structure 3, and the inner periphery of each vibration structure 4 being connected to its corresponding second polar structure 3.

[0169] The multi-layer vibration structure provided in this embodiment can further improve sensitivity, making it suitable for electronic devices with high sensitivity requirements. It should also be noted that, while achieving similar sound quality and effects to a moving-coil loudspeaker, the electrostatic loudspeaker in this embodiment, without a magnetic circuit or voice coil, still retains the advantages of smaller thickness, larger vibration amplitude, and higher low-frequency sensitivity.

[0170] In some optional embodiments, when the first polar structure 2 includes an electret layer and the second polar structure 3 includes an electrode layer, and multiple first polar structures 2 and multiple second polar structures 3 are provided, the electrode layers of two adjacent second polar structures 3 are connected to the same electrode of the external power supply. That is, the electrode layers of all second polar structures 3 are electrically connected to the same electrode of the external power supply, and the electrical properties of all electrode layers are the same. Furthermore, the electrical properties of the electret layers of two adjacent first polar structures 2 are opposite.

[0171] In this way, a constant electric field can be formed between two adjacent first polar structures 2. When an alternating current is applied to the second polar structure 3 located in this constant electric field, it can interact with the constant electric field to generate an electric force that drives the vibration structure 4 to vibrate. Furthermore, the vibration directions of the two adjacent second polar structures 3 are opposite, which in turn makes the motion directions of the two adjacent vibration structures 4 opposite. That is, the two adjacent vibration structures 4 move towards each other or away from each other at the same time. This allows the two adjacent vibration structures 4 to simultaneously push or pull the air between them, thereby enhancing the acoustic performance (amplitude, frequency, etc.).

[0172] In at least one possible implementation, the vibration structure 4 in this embodiment can be a conductor or a conductive structure can be provided on the vibration structure 4. With this configuration, the vibration structure 4 is electrically connected to the corresponding second polarity structure 3, allowing an external power source to supply alternating current to the second polarity structure 3 through the vibration structure 4. This eliminates the need for additional wiring, reduces the complexity of the electrostatic speaker structure, and avoids the problem of wires occupying space.

[0173] In at least one possible implementation, the second polar structure 3 located between two adjacent first polar structures 2 in the first direction X may also be provided with a perforated structure (not shown in the figure). By providing a perforated structure, the airflow balance on both sides of the second polar structure 3 can be maintained, thereby further improving the acoustic performance of the electrostatic loudspeaker.

[0174] Optionally, multiple perforation structures can be provided to improve the airflow balance at various points of the second polar structure 3. These multiple perforation structures can be arranged in an array or randomly; this embodiment does not limit this arrangement.

[0175] In some alternative embodiments, with Figures 11 to 15 Similar to the electrostatic loudspeaker shown, the housing 1 may also have a second protrusion 14. Two outermost first polar structures 22, positioned in the first direction X, are connected to the housing wall of the housing 1. The inner first polar structure 23 and the vibration structure 4 are both connected to the second protrusion 14. In this embodiment, the connection methods between the first polar structure, the housing 1, and the second protrusion 14 are the same as or similar to those in the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0176] It should be noted that the formation method of the second acoustic cavity 52 and the second rear cavity 82 in this embodiment is the same as that of the second acoustic cavity 52 and the second rear cavity 82. Figures 11 to 16 The first acoustic cavity 51 and the first rear cavity 81 in the electrostatic loudspeaker shown are formed in the same way and use the same reference numerals, which will not be described again in this embodiment.

[0177] When the first polarity structure 2 is disposed on the surface of the housing 1, and the first polarity structure 2 includes an electret layer, multiple second polarity structures 3 are located inside the housing 1. Each second polarity structure 3 includes an electrode layer. To facilitate the electrical connection between the second polarity structure 3 and an external power source, in this embodiment, as shown... Figures 19 to 21 As shown, the electrostatic loudspeaker also includes a second electrical connector 62. One end of the second electrical connector 62 is electrically connected to an external power source, and the other end of the second electrical connector is located inside the housing 1 and electrically connected to the second polarity structure 3, so that the external power source can provide alternating current to the second polarity structure 3 through the second electrical connector 62.

[0178] By providing the second electrical connector 62, the difficulty of connecting the second polar structure 3 located inside the housing 1 to the external power supply can be reduced, thereby improving the convenience and stability of the electrical connection.

[0179] In at least one embodiment, one end of the second electrical connector 62 for connecting to an external power source is located on the outer surface of the housing 1, that is, one end of the second electrical connector 62 is exposed on the surface of the housing 1 to facilitate electrical connection with an external power source.

[0180] In one embodiment, the number of second electrical connectors 62 is the same as the number of second polarity structures 3 and they are correspondingly arranged. One end of each second electrical connector 62 is located on the outer surface of the housing 1, and the other end of each second electrical connector 62 is electrically connected to the corresponding second polarity structure 3, so that an external power source can provide alternating current to the second polarity structure 3 through the second electrical connector 62.

[0181] In some alternative embodiments, the second electrical connector 62 can be a solder pad. The shape of the second electrical connector 62 can be configured as needed; for example, in this embodiment, the second electrical connector 62 is Z-shaped to improve the strength of the electrical connection between the second electrical connector 62 and the external power supply and the second polarity structure 3.

[0182] In one embodiment, the second electrical connector 62 can be limited by the second boss 14 to reduce the risk of movement of the second electrical connector 62 relative to the housing 1. Exemplarily, the second electrical connector 62 can be disposed on the second boss 14. For example, as... Figure 21 As shown, at least a portion of the second electrical connector 62 is embedded in the second boss 14 to provide high fixing strength.

[0183] It is understandable that when the vibrating structure 4 is a conductor, the second electrical connector 62 can achieve electrical connection with the corresponding second polarity structure 3 by being electrically connected to the vibrating structure 4. When the vibrating structure 4 is connected to the positioning member 7, the second electrical connector 62 is electrically connected to the corresponding positioning member 7 to ensure a high connection strength between the two.

[0184] In this embodiment, the second electrical connector 62 is located on the surface of the housing 1 where the mounting hole 11 is provided, so that the second electrical connector 62 is closer to the first polar structure 2 located on the surface of the housing 1, which further facilitates the electrical connection with the external power source and shortens the length of the connecting wire.

[0185] In at least one possible implementation, when multiple second electrical connectors 62 are provided, such as Figure 19 As shown, at least a portion of the multiple second electrical connectors 62 can be connected as one unit, thereby facilitating the simultaneous installation of the multiple second electrical connectors 62. Furthermore, the multiple second electrical connectors 62 form a contact area on the surface of the housing 1, so that there is only one electrical connection point between the external power supply and the multiple first polarity structures 2, further reducing the difficulty and complexity of connecting the electrostatic speaker to the external power supply and improving the assembly efficiency when assembling the electrostatic speaker into electronic devices.

[0186] In one embodiment, when the first polar structure 2 includes an electret layer and the second polar structure 3 includes an electrode layer, and multiple first polar structures 2 and multiple second polar structures 3 are provided, the electrode layers of two adjacent second polar structures 3 are connected to the same electrode of an external power source, and the electret layers of two adjacent first polar structures 2 have opposite electrical properties. This arrangement causes the vibration directions of two adjacent second polar structures 3 to be opposite, which in turn causes the movement directions of two adjacent vibrating structures 4 to be opposite. That is, two adjacent vibrating structures 4 move towards each other or away from each other at the same time, thereby allowing two adjacent vibrating structures 4 to simultaneously push or pull the air between them, thus enhancing acoustic performance (amplitude, frequency, etc.).

[0187] This embodiment also provides an electronic device, which includes an electrostatic speaker, and the electrostatic speaker can be any of the electrostatic speakers described above.

[0188] The electronic device provided in this embodiment has high low-frequency sensitivity, and the electrostatic speaker requires less space, which is beneficial for the thinner and lighter design of the electronic device and makes the space arrangement more flexible.

[0189] For example, the electronic device in this embodiment can be a foldable phone, an ultra-thin TV, a computer, a smart wearable device, etc., and this embodiment does not limit it.

[0190] Note that the above are merely preferred embodiments and the technical principles employed in this application. Those skilled in the art will understand that this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions can be made without departing from the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, although this application has been described in detail through the above embodiments, this application is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include many other equivalent embodiments without departing from the concept of this application, the scope of which is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. An electrostatic loudspeaker, characterized in that, include: shell; A first polar structure is provided, at least one of which is disposed on the outer shell; The second polar structure is provided at least one, the second polar structure is disposed on the outer shell, and the second polar structure and the first polar structure are alternately disposed along a first direction; when one of the first polar structure and the second polar structure includes an electrode layer, the other one includes an electret layer; the first direction is the thickness direction of the outer shell; A vibrating structure is disposed inside the outer shell. The vibrating structure is a conductor. The inner periphery of the vibrating structure is connected to the second polarity structure, and the outer periphery of the vibrating structure is connected to the outer shell. The first polarity structure and the second polarity structure cooperate with each other to drive the vibrating structure to vibrate.

2. The electrostatic loudspeaker according to claim 1, characterized in that, Two first polar structures are provided, and the outer shell has mounting holes on both shell walls in the first direction. The two first polar structures are respectively disposed in the two mounting holes. There is one second polar structure, which is disposed between the two first polar structures.

3. The electrostatic loudspeaker according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outer casing is provided with a first boss, and the outer periphery of the vibration structure is connected to the first boss.

4. The electrostatic loudspeaker according to claim 1, characterized in that, There are multiple first polar structures, multiple second polar structures and multiple vibration structures. The multiple first polar structures and multiple second polar structures are arranged alternately along the first direction, and a second polar structure is set between every two adjacent first polar structures.

5. The electrostatic loudspeaker according to claim 4, characterized in that, The outer shell is provided with a second protrusion. In the first direction, the plurality of first polar structures include two outermost first polar structures and at least one inner first polar structure disposed between the two outermost first polar structures. The two outermost first polar structures are disposed on the shell wall of the outer shell. The inner first polar structure and the vibration structure are connected to the second protrusion.

6. The electrostatic loudspeaker according to claim 5, characterized in that, The vibration structure, the second polar structure connected to the vibration structure, the first polar structure on one side of the vibration structure, and the second protrusion together form a second acoustic cavity; the vibration structure, the second polar structure connected to the vibration structure, the first polar structure on the other side of the vibration structure, and the second protrusion together form a second rear cavity. The side wall of the outer casing is provided with a sound outlet, and the second sound cavity is connected to the sound outlet.

7. The electrostatic loudspeaker according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first polar structure includes the electrode layer, and the electrostatic loudspeaker further includes a first electrical connector, one end of which is electrically connected to an external power source, and the other end of which is electrically connected to the first polar structure located between two adjacent second polar structures. Alternatively, the second polar structure includes the electrode layer, and the electrostatic loudspeaker further includes a second electrical connector, one end of which is electrically connected to an external power source, and the other end of which is electrically connected to the second polar structure.

8. The electrostatic loudspeaker according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first polar structure includes the electrode layer, the second polar structure includes an electret layer, and the inner first polar structure is provided with a through hole.

9. The electrostatic loudspeaker according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first polar structure includes the electrode layer, the second polar structure includes an electret layer, the electrode layers of adjacent first polar structures are connected to the opposite electrode of an external power source, and the electret layers of two adjacent second polar structures have the same electrical properties. Alternatively, the first polar structure includes the electret layer, the second polar structure includes an electrode layer, the electrode layers of adjacent second polar structures are connected to the same electrode of an external power source, and the electret layers of two adjacent first polar structures have opposite electrical properties.

10. The electrostatic loudspeaker according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vibration structure includes a folded ring portion, which protrudes along the first direction.

11. An electronic device, characterized in that, Including the electrostatic loudspeaker as described in any one of claims 1-10.

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