Power supply device

Abstract

A power supply device includes an input terminal, a power conversion module, and an inductor. The input terminal is connected to a power supply bus to receive an input voltage. The power conversion module includes a port proximate to the input terminal, and the port exhibits capacitive impedance characteristics. The inductor is connected in series between the input terminal and the port of the power conversion module. When the input terminal is connected to the power supply bus, a surge current flowing into the power conversion module is suppressed by the inductor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a power supply device, and more particularly to a power supply device capable of suppressing inrush current flowing into a power conversion module to limit input voltage drop. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) and high-performance computing technologies, the power consumption of graphics processing units (GPUs) and central processing units (CPUs) in servers is constantly increasing, pushing server power supply system reliability standards to face more stringent challenges. In power supply architectures, a large number of capacitors are typically configured at the power input to meet electromagnetic interference (EMI) suppression requirements. However, this topology characteristic causes the capacitive load at the port to charge rapidly during the hot-plug power-on transient, generating a large inrush current. This inrush current creates a significant voltage drop through the equivalent impedance of the power supply line, causing a momentary drop in the input voltage. This voltage disturbance will directly couple to other parallel power supply devices within the system, leading to abnormal operating states of the power supply units, and in severe cases, even triggering cascading protection actions, threatening the overall stability of the data center power supply system.

[0003] Existing technologies primarily employ a parallel connection of a thermistor (PTC) and a switching transistor (e.g., a MOSFET) as a soft-start circuit. During the power-on phase, the high impedance of the PTC limits the surge amplitude, and once the system stabilizes, it switches to the low impedance path of the MOSFET to reduce power consumption. However, this architecture has two key technical drawbacks: First, the safety Y capacitor, as a capacitive load directly connected between the power port and protective ground, has a charging and discharging circuit completely independent of the main power path, making existing surge suppression circuits unable to suppress the surge current induced by the Y capacitor. Second, the MOSFET switch has parasitic capacitance in the off state, which generates additional surge current during hot-plugging and power-on of the device. This surge current, combined with the main surge current, further exacerbates the fluctuation of the supply voltage.

[0004] Therefore, how to design a power supply device that can suppress the inrush current flowing into the power conversion module to limit the input voltage drop, thereby solving the problems existing in the prior art, is an important topic involved in the research disclosed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a power supply device that solves the problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the aforementioned objectives, the power supply device proposed in this invention includes an input terminal, a power conversion module, and an inductor. The input terminal is connected to the power supply bus to receive the input voltage. The power conversion module includes a port near the input terminal, and the port exhibits capacitive impedance characteristics. The inductor is connected in series between the input terminal and the port of the power conversion module. When the input terminal is connected to the power supply bus, the inductor suppresses inrush current flowing into the power conversion module.

[0007] In one embodiment, the inductor has high initial magnetic permeability and high saturation magnetic flux density.

[0008] In one embodiment, the magnetic core of the inductor comprises at least one magnetic material.

[0009] In one embodiment, the magnetic core of the inductor comprises two magnetic materials.

[0010] In one embodiment, the two magnetic materials include a first magnetic material and a second magnetic material; wherein one of the two magnetic materials has high initial magnetic permeability and the other has high saturation magnetic flux density.

[0011] In one embodiment, the magnetic material with high initial magnetic permeability includes any one or a mixture of several of ferrite, amorphous alloy, nanocrystalline alloy, and permalloy; the magnetic material with high saturation magnetic flux density includes any one or a mixture of several of alloy powder core, cobalt-based amorphous alloy, silicon steel, and iron-based amorphous alloy.

[0012] In one embodiment, a first magnetic material and a second magnetic material are arranged side by side along a first direction, and one side of the first magnetic material is completely in contact with one side of the oppositely arranged second magnetic material.

[0013] In one embodiment, the first magnetic material completely covers the second magnetic material, making the second magnetic material invisible from an external perspective.

[0014] In one embodiment, the first magnetic material is disposed within the porous structure of the second magnetic material, forming a nested structure of inner and outer layers.

[0015] In one embodiment, when the input terminal is connected to the power supply bus, the voltage drop (ΔV) and the inductance (L) satisfy the following relationship: ΔV = L1 / (L1 + L2 + L) * (V bus -V cap ), where V bus V is the voltage of one bus of the power supply bus. cap L1 is the voltage across the capacitive impedance of the port, L2 is the first parasitic inductance between the power supply bus and the input terminal, and L3 is the second parasitic inductance between the input terminal and the port of the power conversion module.

[0016] In one embodiment, the power conversion module further includes a set of safety Y capacitors electrically connected to the inductor, and the surge current includes a first surge current flowing through the safety Y capacitors.

[0017] In one embodiment, the power conversion module further includes a surge protection module and a safety X capacitor. The surge protection module is connected in series between the safety Y capacitor and the safety X capacitor.

[0018] In one embodiment, the surge protection module includes a current-limiting resistor and a switching transistor connected in parallel. The switching transistor has parasitic capacitance. The surge current also includes a second surge current flowing through the parasitic capacitance and the safety X capacitor.

[0019] In one embodiment, the input voltage is a DC voltage.

[0020] This invention has the following features and advantages: The embodiments of this invention provide a power supply device. By connecting an inductor in series between the input terminal of the power supply device and the power conversion module, when the device is hot-plugged into the power supply bus and experiences a power-on transient, the inductor suppresses the inrush current flowing into the power conversion module and limits the input voltage drop. Furthermore, by employing a hybrid magnetic material scheme, the characteristics of different materials are utilized to obtain an inductor with high initial magnetic permeability and high saturation magnetic flux density, resulting in better inrush current suppression. Simultaneously, the inductor size can be reduced, saving space in the power supply device.

[0021] To gain a deeper understanding of the technology, means, and effects of this utility model in achieving its intended purpose, please refer to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings. It is believed that the purpose, features, and characteristics of this utility model can be understood in depth and in detail from these drawings. However, the drawings are provided for reference and illustration only and are not intended to limit this utility model. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a circuit block diagram of the power supply device of this utility model.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the equivalent inductance of the power supply device used in this utility model.

[0024] Figure 3 The figures show the characteristic curves of the inductance of the two magnetic materials of this invention as a function of current.

[0025] Figure 4A A perspective view of the first embodiment of the present invention, which is configured with multiple magnetic materials.

[0026] Figure 4B A perspective view of the second embodiment of the present invention, which is configured with multiple magnetic materials.

[0027] Figure 4CA perspective view of the third embodiment of the present invention, which is configured with multiple magnetic materials.

[0028] Figure 4D A perspective view of the fourth embodiment of the present invention, which is configured with multiple magnetic materials.

[0029] Figure 4E A perspective view of the fifth embodiment of the present invention, which is configured with multiple magnetic materials.

[0030] Figure 4F A perspective view of the sixth embodiment of the present invention, which is configured with multiple magnetic materials.

[0031] Figure 5A This is a circuit diagram of the first embodiment of the inductor of this utility model for suppressing surge current.

[0032] Figure 5B This is a circuit diagram of a second embodiment of the inductor used to suppress surge current.

[0033] The attached figures are labeled as follows:

[0034] 10: Power supply device

[0035] 11: Power Conversion Module

[0036] inp: Input terminal

[0037] int: port

[0038] L: Inductance

[0039] Wb: Power supply bus

[0040] V in Input voltage

[0041] L1: First parasitic inductance

[0042] L2: Second parasitic inductance

[0043] V bus Bus voltage of the power supply bus

[0044] V cap Voltage across the capacitive impedance of the port

[0045] M1: First magnetic material

[0046] M2: Second magnetic material

[0047] M+: Hybrid magnetic material

[0048] 20: Surge Protection Module

[0049] 21: Current-limiting resistor

[0050] 22: Switching transistor

[0051] 23: Parasitic capacitance

[0052] C Y Safety-certified Y capacitor

[0053] C X Safety-certified X capacitors

[0054] i inrush1 First surge current

[0055] i inrush2 Second surge current Detailed Implementation

[0056] The technical content and detailed description of this utility model are explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0057] Please see Figure 1 The diagram shown is a circuit block diagram of the power supply device of this utility model. The power supply device 10 includes an input terminal inp, a power conversion module 11, and an inductor L. The input terminal inp is connected to the power supply bus Wb, which is typically a copper busbar structure. The input terminal of the power supply device can be hot-swapped to the power supply bus to receive the input voltage V. in Wherein, the input voltage V in The input voltage is a DC voltage, but this does not limit the scope of this invention. in It can also be an alternating voltage.

[0058] Power conversion module 11 includes a port int near the input terminal inp for receiving the input voltage V. in The input voltage V is converted through the power conversion module 11. in This is converted to the DC / AC voltage required by the load. Typically, the power supply unit 10 is equipped with an EMI filter at the port to filter out harmful electromagnetic interference generated between the power supply and the external environment, ensuring the device complies with electromagnetic compatibility standards. The EMI filter contains a large number of safety capacitors, therefore the port int exhibits capacitive impedance characteristics. An inductor L is connected in series between the input terminal inp and the port int of the power conversion module 11; that is, the inductor L is located inside the power supply unit 10. Since the initial capacitive impedance of the port is zero, when the input terminal inp is connected to the power supply bus Wb during power-on transients, the port capacitor charges rapidly, generating a large inrush current. The inductor L, connected in series between the input terminal inp and the port int of the power conversion module, can suppress the inrush current flowing into the power conversion module 11, and simultaneously suppress the input voltage V. in The fall.

[0059] Therefore, the core technology of this utility model lies in configuring an inductor L inside the power supply device 10, using the effect of the inductor L to impede current changes and reduce surge current, while simultaneously limiting the input voltage V. in The fall.

[0060] Furthermore, the inductor L possesses both high initial permeability and high saturation flux density. The high initial permeability allows the inductor to quickly establish high permeability under low magnetic field strength, resulting in a large inductance value. This characteristic enables the inductor L to effectively resist the increase in surge current from the moment it is powered on. The high saturation flux density allows the inductor to withstand a large magnetic field strength without saturating. When the surge current is large or lasts for a long time, this characteristic ensures that the inductor maintains an effective inductance value under a strong magnetic field, avoiding current limiting failure due to saturation. The combination of high initial permeability and high saturation flux density characteristics enables the suppression of surge current flowing into the power conversion module 11 and simultaneously limits the input voltage V. in The purpose of the drop test. It should be noted that the inductor with high initial magnetic permeability and high saturation magnetic flux density in this embodiment needs to be selected based on the specific application scenario to achieve a balance between performance and reliability. This solution is not limited to this.

[0061] Specifically, the magnetic core of inductor L comprises at least one magnetic material. Therefore, in one embodiment, the magnetic core of inductor L can be a single magnetic material possessing high initial permeability and high saturation flux density. Alternatively, the magnetic core of inductor L may comprise two or more magnetic materials, for example, one possessing high initial permeability and another possessing high saturation flux density. In other words, any combination of magnetic materials capable of providing both high initial permeability and high saturation flux density can be used as the inductor L of this invention.

[0062] Please see Figure 2 As shown, it is a schematic diagram of the equivalent inductance of the power supply device used in this utility model. Figure 2 The equivalent inductance shown is used to illustrate the use of inductance L as a limiter for input voltage V. in The drop value ΔV. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the drop value ΔV and the inductance value of inductor L (also represented by the symbol L) satisfy the following relationship: ΔV = L1 / (L1 + L2 + L) * (V bus -V cap ), where V bus V is the bus voltage of the power supply bus Wb. capL1 is the voltage across the capacitive impedance of port int, L2 is the first parasitic inductance between the power supply bus Wb and the input terminal inp, and L3 is the second parasitic inductance between the input terminal inp and port int of the power conversion module 11. In this invention, the inductance value of inductor L is designed to be much larger than the first parasitic inductance L1 and the second parasitic inductance L2 (i.e., L >> L1, L >> L2), thereby limiting the input voltage V. in The drop effect is even better. Specifically, V in Figure 2... in V is the input voltage at input terminal inp. bus The voltage of the power supply bus Wb is given by the symbol for the switch in the figure. The symbol for the switch is used to indicate whether the input terminal inp of the power supply device 10 is connected to the power supply bus Wb (indicated by the switch being on) or not connected to the power supply bus Wb (indicated by the switch being off).

[0063] Therefore, in this invention, the inductor L is connected in series between the input terminal inp and the port int of the power conversion module 11 to limit the input voltage V. in The drop value ΔV. In the prior art without an inductor L, the input voltage V... in The drop value will be ∆V'=L1 / (L1+L2)*(V bus -V cap Since there is no inductor L in the configuration, the input voltage V is clearly visible. in The drop value ∆V' will be greater than the input voltage V of the inductor L used in this invention. in The drop value ΔV.

[0064] The details regarding the magnetic core of the previously mentioned inductor L, which may contain two or more magnetic materials, will be explained below. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 3 As shown, the curves depict the inductance of the two magnetic materials of this invention as a function of current. The first magnetic material M1, such as ferrite, amorphous alloy, nano-alloy, permalloy, etc., possesses high initial permeability, effectively enhancing inductance density while reducing the number of winding turns. The second magnetic material M2, such as alloy powder core, cobalt-based amorphous alloy, silicon steel, iron-based amorphous alloy, etc., possesses high saturation flux density, capable of handling high current conditions, while effectively avoiding redundant core cross-sectional area design. Therefore, when the two magnetic materials are combined as the core of inductor L (referred to as hybrid magnetic material M+), the advantages and characteristics of both materials are obtained. Hybrid magnetic material M+ possesses both high initial permeability and high saturation flux density, effectively optimizing surge current and input voltage drop, while significantly reducing size compared to a single material, providing key technical support for the compact design of high-power-density power supply systems. It should be noted that the materials listed here (first magnetic material M1, second magnetic material M2) are not intended to limit the scope of this invention.

[0065] Please see Figure 4A The diagram shows a perspective view of a first embodiment of the present invention with multiple magnetic materials configured. In the first embodiment, the magnetic core of the inductor L comprises two magnetic materials: a first magnetic material M1 and a second magnetic material M2. As previously described, the first magnetic material M1 has high initial magnetic permeability, and the second magnetic material M2 has high saturation magnetic flux density. In the first embodiment, the first magnetic material M1 and the second magnetic material M2 are arranged side by side along a first direction, and one side of the first magnetic material M1 is completely in contact with one side of the oppositely arranged second magnetic material M2. That is, the contact surfaces of the first magnetic material M1 and the second magnetic material M2 are in complete contact, forming a tightly fitted side-by-side structure.

[0066] Please see Figure 4B The image shown is a perspective view of a second embodiment of the present invention with multiple magnetic materials configured. In the second embodiment, the magnetic core of the inductor L comprises two magnetic materials: a first magnetic material M1 with high initial magnetic permeability and a second magnetic material M2 with high saturation magnetic flux density. In the second embodiment, the first magnetic material M1 completely covers the second magnetic material M2, making the second magnetic material M2 invisible from an external perspective. Incidentally, although in Figure 4B The core of the inductor L can be formed by completely covering the second magnetic material M2 with the first magnetic material M1, or by completely covering the first magnetic material M1 with the second magnetic material M2. Both structures can have high initial magnetic permeability and high saturation magnetic flux density.

[0067] Please see Figure 4C The image shown is a perspective view of a third embodiment of the present invention with multiple magnetic materials configured. In this third embodiment, the magnetic core of the inductor L comprises two magnetic materials: a first magnetic material M1 with high initial magnetic permeability and a second magnetic material M2 with high saturation magnetic flux density. In this third embodiment, the first magnetic material M1 is disposed within the porous structure of the second magnetic material M2, forming a nested structure of inner and outer layers. Incidentally, although in Figure 4C The inductor L can be formed by placing the first magnetic material M1 within the hole structure of the second magnetic material M2, or by placing the second magnetic material M2 within the hole structure of the first magnetic material M1. Both structures can have high initial magnetic permeability and high saturation magnetic flux density.

[0068] Please see Figure 4D The image shown is a perspective view of a fourth embodiment of the present invention, comprising a configuration of multiple magnetic materials. In this fourth embodiment, compared to... Figure 4CIn the hybrid structure shown, a first magnetic material M1 is encircled by the second magnetic material M2, forming a nested structure with three rings from the inner to the outermost ring: M1, M2, M1. Alternatively, it is conceivable that a second magnetic material M2 is encircled by the outermost ring of the first magnetic material M1, forming a nested structure with four rings from the inner to the outermost ring: M1, M2, M1, M2. And so on, without further elaboration. Similarly, the second magnetic material M2 can be the innermost ring, with rings encircling it to form a nested structure with three rings from the inner to the outermost ring: M2, M1, M2, or a nested structure with four rings from the inner to the outermost ring: M2, M1, M2, M1.

[0069] Incidentally, Figure 4D The nested three-ring structure shown is illustrated using two magnetic materials as an example, and is not intended to limit the invention. That is, the nested three-ring structure can be composed of three different magnetic materials. By combining the properties of the three magnetic materials, it is possible to achieve both high initial magnetic permeability and high saturation magnetic flux density. It should be understood that at least one of the three magnetic materials must possess high initial magnetic permeability, and at least one must possess high saturation magnetic flux density. The remaining material may possess either high initial magnetic permeability, high saturation magnetic flux density, or both.

[0070] Please see Figure 4E The image shown is a perspective view of the fifth embodiment of the present invention, which features a configuration of multiple magnetic materials. In this fifth embodiment, compared to... Figure 4A In the hybrid structure shown, a second magnetic material M2 is arranged side-by-side on the other side of the first magnetic material M1, so that the first magnetic material M1 is sandwiched between the two second magnetic materials M2, forming a tightly fitted three-layer side-by-side structure. It is also conceivable that a first magnetic material M1 could be further arranged side-by-side on the other side of the two second magnetic materials M2, forming a tightly fitted four-layer side-by-side structure. And so on, without further elaboration.

[0071] Incidentally, Figure 4E The three-layer parallel structure shown is illustrated using two magnetic materials as an example, and is not intended to limit this invention. That is, the three-layer parallel structure can be composed of three magnetic materials bonded together. By combining the properties of the three magnetic materials, it can also have both high initial magnetic permeability and high saturation magnetic flux density.

[0072] Please see Figure 4F The image shown is a perspective view of the sixth embodiment of this invention, which incorporates multiple magnetic materials. In this sixth embodiment, compared to... Figure 4BIn the hybrid structure shown, a second magnetic material M2 completely covers the outside of the first magnetic material M1, so that the outermost layer of the second magnetic material M2 covers the first magnetic material M1, and the first magnetic material M1 then covers the innermost layer of the second magnetic material M2, forming a tightly fitted three-layer covering structure. Alternatively, it is conceivable that the first magnetic material M1 could be further covered by the outermost layer of the second magnetic material M2, forming a four-layer covering structure from the outermost to the innermost layer: M1, M2, M1, M2. And so on, without further elaboration. Similarly, the first magnetic material M1 can be the innermost layer, and layers can be applied outwards to form a three-layer covering structure from the innermost to the outermost layer: M1, M2, M1, or a four-layer covering structure from the innermost to the outermost layer: M1, M2, M1, M2.

[0073] Incidentally, Figure 4F The three-ring encapsulation structure shown is illustrated using two magnetic materials as an example, and is not intended to limit the present invention. That is, the nested three-ring structure can be composed of three different magnetic materials. By combining the properties of the three magnetic materials, it is possible to achieve both high initial magnetic permeability and high saturation magnetic flux density. It should be understood that at least one of the three magnetic materials should have high initial magnetic permeability, and at least one should have high saturation magnetic flux density. The remaining material may have either high initial magnetic permeability, high saturation magnetic flux density, or both.

[0074] Incidentally, although this utility model is disclosed Figures 4A to 4F The invention relates to six embodiments of a magnetic core for an inductor L, but is not limited to these six embodiments. Figures 4A to 4F Other undisclosed embodiments, which possess both high initial magnetic permeability and high saturation magnetic flux density, can also be used as the magnetic core of the inductor L required by this invention.

[0075] Please see Figure 5A The diagram shown is a circuit schematic of the first embodiment of the inductor used to suppress surge current according to this utility model. It should be understood that, for ease of explanation of the technical solution of this embodiment, only a portion of the circuit is shown; other circuits not directly related to this embodiment are not shown in the diagram. See also: Figure 1 The power conversion module 11 also includes a set of safety Y capacitors C electrically connected to the inductor L. Y These are connected across the live wire and ground wire, and the neutral wire and ground wire, respectively. When the power supply unit is not equipped with an inductor L, during the transient process of hot-plugging the power supply bus, C... Y A charging loop will be formed between the ground wire and the ground wire, resulting in the first surge current i. inrush1The sudden surge causes a significant drop in the input voltage Vin. To address this, this solution connects an inductor L in series between the input terminal inp and the port int of the power conversion module 11 (i.e., the front end of the safety Y capacitor). When the input terminal inp is connected to the power supply bus Wb, this inductor L can effectively suppress the first surge current i flowing into the power conversion module 11. inrush1 This ensures the normal operation of the equipment.

[0076] Please see Figure 5B The diagram shown is a circuit diagram of a second embodiment of the inductor used to suppress surge current according to this utility model. It should be understood that, for ease of explanation of the technical solution of this embodiment, only a portion of the circuit is shown; other circuits not directly related to this embodiment are not shown in the diagram. See also: Figure 1 The power conversion module 11 also includes a surge protection module 20 and a safety X capacitor C. X The surge protection module 20 is connected in series with the safety Y capacitor C. Y With safety standard X capacitor C X The surge protection module 20 includes a current-limiting resistor 21 and a switching transistor 22 connected in parallel. The switching transistor 22 has a parasitic capacitance 23. When the power supply unit is not equipped with an inductor L, during the transient process of hot-plugging into the power supply bus, the parasitic capacitance 23 and the safety X capacitor C... X The circuit is rapidly charged, resulting in a second surge current i. inrush2 The surge current i is generated rapidly at this time. inrush1 With the second surge current i inrush2 The superposition of these factors will cause a significant drop in the input voltage Vin. Therefore, this solution connects an inductor L in series between the input terminal inp and the port int of the power conversion module 11. When the input terminal inp is connected to the power supply bus Wb, this inductor L can also effectively suppress the second surge current i flowing into the power conversion module 11. inrush2 This ensures the normal operation of the equipment. After the parasitic capacitor 23 is fully charged, the current flows through the current-limiting resistor 21, further limiting the current.

[0077] In summary, this utility model has the following features and advantages: by using an inductor to suppress the surge current flowing into the power conversion module and limit the input voltage drop, it solves the problems existing in the prior art.

[0078] The above description is merely a detailed description and accompanying drawings of preferred embodiments of the present utility model. The features of the present utility model are not limited thereto and are not intended to limit the present utility model. The entire scope of the present utility model shall be determined by the following claims. All embodiments that conform to the concept of the claims of the present utility model and similar variations thereof shall be included in the scope of the present utility model. Any variations or modifications that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art in the field of the present utility model shall be covered by the following claims of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A power supply device, characterized in that, include: One input terminal is connected to a power supply bus to receive an input voltage; A power conversion module includes a port near the input terminal, and the port exhibits capacitive impedance characteristics; and An inductor is connected in series between the input terminal and the port of the power conversion module. When the input terminal is connected to the power supply bus, the inductor suppresses a surge current flowing into the power conversion module.

2. The power supply device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, This inductor has high initial magnetic permeability and high saturation magnetic flux density.

3. The power supply device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The core of the inductor comprises at least one magnetic material.

4. The power supply device as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that, The inductor's core comprises two magnetic materials.

5. The power supply device as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that, The two magnetic materials include a first magnetic material and a second magnetic material; wherein, one of the two magnetic materials has high initial magnetic permeability and the other has high saturation magnetic flux density.

6. The power supply device as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that, Magnetic materials with this high initial magnetic permeability include any one or a mixture of several of ferrite, amorphous alloy, nanocrystalline alloy, and permalloy; magnetic materials with this high saturation magnetic flux density include any one or a mixture of several of alloy powder cores, cobalt-based amorphous alloys, silicon steel, and iron-based amorphous alloys.

7. The power supply device as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that, The first magnetic material and the second magnetic material are arranged side by side, and one side of the first magnetic material is completely in contact with one side of the oppositely arranged second magnetic material.

8. The power supply device as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that, The first magnetic material covers the second magnetic material, making the second magnetic material invisible from an external perspective.

9. The power supply device as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that, The first magnetic material is disposed within a cavity structure of the second magnetic material, forming a nested structure of inner and outer layers.

10. The power supply device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, When the input terminal is connected to the power supply bus, the voltage drop (ΔV) of the input voltage and the inductance (L) satisfy the following relationship: ΔV = L1 / (L1 + L2 + L) * (V bus -V cap ), where V bus V is the bus voltage of this power supply bus. cap L1 is the voltage across the capacitive impedance of the port, L2 is a first parasitic inductance between the power supply bus and the input terminal, and L3 is a second parasitic inductance between the input terminal and the port of the power conversion module.

11. The power supply device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The power conversion module also includes a set of safety Y capacitors electrically connected to the inductor, and the surge current includes a first surge current flowing through the safety Y capacitors.

12. The power supply device as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that, The power conversion module also includes a surge protection module and a safety X capacitor, with the surge protection module connected in series between the safety Y capacitor and the safety X capacitor.

13. The power supply device as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that, The surge protection module includes a current-limiting resistor and a switching transistor connected in parallel. The switching transistor has a parasitic capacitance. The surge current also includes a second surge current flowing through the parasitic capacitance and the safety X capacitor.

14. The power supply device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The input voltage is a DC voltage.

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