A dust removal auxiliary device integrating dust aggregation and airflow uniform distribution

Abstract

This application relates to the field of dust pretreatment technology, and solves the problems of low dust removal efficiency of existing dust collectors for small-diameter dust and high investment costs required for the development of dust collectors. It discloses an integrated dust removal auxiliary device for agglomeration and dust suppression and airflow uniformity, including a shell, an air inlet at one end of the shell and an air outlet at the other end of the shell. A primary processor and a secondary processor are arranged sequentially from the air inlet to the air outlet of the shell. The shell is arranged in a gradually expanding structure from the air inlet to the air outlet. The special structural design of the primary processor can force the fluid flow state to change, promote turbulent agglomeration and electrostatic agglomeration, and promote the uniform distribution of airflow in space. It can turn small-diameter dust into large-diameter dust, thereby improving the removal effect of small-diameter dust. It has the advantages of wide applicability and low investment cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of dust pretreatment technology, and in particular to an integrated dust removal auxiliary device that combines dust condensation and suppression with airflow uniform distribution. Background Technology

[0002] Particulate matter control technology is a key focus of my country's air pollution control efforts and industrial waste gas treatment. China's Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095) clearly stipulates concentration limits for total suspended particulate matter (TSP) and inhalable particulate matter (PM10). Various national standards also clearly regulate particulate matter emissions from industrial waste gas, such as the Integrated Emission Standard for Air Pollutants (GB1996), the Emission Standard for Air Pollutants from Boilers (GB13271-2014), the Emission Standard for Air Pollutants from the Electronic Glass Industry (GB29495-2013), and the Emission Standard for Air Pollutants from the Printing Industry (GB41616-2022), among others.

[0003] A dust collector is a device that separates dust from flue gas and is widely used in boilers and industrial production. Its performance is mainly evaluated by the amount of gas it can handle, the resistance loss of gas passing through the dust collector, and its dust removal efficiency. With the continuous improvement of particulate matter emission requirements in various standards, higher demands are placed on the performance of dust collectors, especially their dust removal efficiency. Taking electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) in coal-fired power plants as an example, before the 1990s, the design efficiency requirement for ESPs was only 98.0%~99.0%, with a corresponding flue gas emission concentration of 400~500 mg / m³. By the early 1990s, the required ESP efficiency was 99.0%~99.3%, with a flue gas emission concentration of less than 200 mg / m³. By the early 21st century, the requirement for newly built and expanded coal-fired power plants was a flue gas emission concentration of less than 50 mg / m³, with the corresponding dust removal efficiency increasing to 99.0%~99.8%.

[0004] Generally, dust collectors are less effective at removing dust particles with smaller diameters. For example, cyclone dust collectors rely primarily on centrifugal force to separate dust particles from the airflow. Smaller dust particles experience less centrifugal force and are more likely to escape from the outlet with the airflow. The dust removal efficiency of cyclone dust collectors begins to decline significantly for dust particles smaller than 5-10 μm. When the particle size is less than 2-3 μm, the dust removal efficiency becomes very low, typically below 50%. Baghouse dust collectors have relatively low efficiency for dust particles around 0.2-0.4 μm. Within this particle size range, the Brownian motion of dust particles is more intense, making them more likely to bypass fibers and avoid interception. For these difficult-to-capture small dust particles, only through appropriate filter media and optimized operating conditions can dust removal efficiency reach over 90%. When the dust particle size is less than 0.1 μm, the dust removal efficiency is somewhat affected due to the more complex charge and motion characteristics of the dust particles. These small-diameter dust particles have low mass, and their movement in an electric field is more easily affected by factors such as airflow, making it difficult for them to be accurately adsorbed onto the collecting electrode. Their dust removal efficiency typically drops below 50%, or even lower.

[0005] Currently, for working conditions with a high concentration of fine dust, the key to further improving the dust removal efficiency of conventional dust collectors lies in enhancing the removal effect of fine dust particles. Developing entirely new dust collection equipment specifically for small-diameter dust particles or improving the design parameters of the existing dust collector often requires a significant increase in overall equipment investment, making it less economical. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of this application is to overcome the problems of low dust removal efficiency of existing dust collectors for small-diameter dust and high investment costs required for the development of dust collectors, and to provide an integrated dust removal auxiliary device that combines dust agglomeration and dust suppression with airflow uniform distribution.

[0007] Specifically, the integrated dust collection auxiliary device for dust suppression and airflow uniform distribution includes a housing, with an air inlet at one end and an air outlet at the other end. A primary processor and a secondary processor are sequentially arranged on the housing from the air inlet to the air outlet. The housing is arranged in a gradually expanding structure from the air inlet to the air outlet. The primary processor includes multiple bent plates densely covered with first perforations, and the secondary processor includes at least one layer of airflow uniform distribution plate densely covered with second perforations.

[0008] In some possible implementations, the expansion angle of the housing is 30° to 70°, which makes full use of the gradual diffusion of airflow, gradually reduces the intake speed, and improves the uniform distribution of airflow.

[0009] In some possible implementations, the first perforation is set to a rhombus shape, and the area of ​​the first perforation is 1 cm². 2~4cm 2 This makes the first perforation less prone to clogging and maintains a good dust removal effect.

[0010] In some possible implementations, the opening ratio of the first perforation on the bending plate is 60% to 80%, which makes the system energy consumption relatively low and can maintain a good dust removal effect.

[0011] In some possible implementations, the spacing between the bending plates is 0.1m to 0.5m, which makes the system energy consumption relatively low and can maintain a good dust removal effect.

[0012] In some possible implementations, the number of bends in the bending plate is 1, 2, 3 or 4, resulting in relatively low system energy consumption.

[0013] In some possible implementations, the bending angle of the bending plate is 90°~120°, which makes the system energy consumption relatively low and can maintain a good dust removal effect.

[0014] In some possible implementations, the housing is also provided with a rapping mechanism, which can be used to rappel and clear blockages when the first or second perforation becomes blocked.

[0015] In some possible implementations, the housing is also provided with a jetting mechanism, which can spray high-speed airflow to clear blockages when the first or second perforation becomes blocked.

[0016] This application has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] The device features an overall progressive design, and the special structural design of the primary processor can force changes in the fluid flow pattern, promoting turbulent coagulation and electrostatic coagulation, while also promoting the uniform distribution of airflow in space.

[0018] By installing the device of this application at the air inlet of a dust collector, small-diameter dust particles can be converted into large-diameter dust particles. These large particles can be easily separated by a cyclone dust collector through centrifugal force, or removed by a bag filter through interception and filtration, or by an electrostatic precipitator through electrostatic adsorption. Taking a traditional electrostatic precipitator as an example, the dust removal efficiency is improved by more than 20% after adding this device.

[0019] The device described in this application can be applied to dust removal in various industries, including metallurgy, chemical industry, and building materials. These industries often generate large amounts of small-particle dust, and this technology can effectively solve the pollution problem caused by this small-particle dust. Secondly, the device described in this application can be used in conjunction with various dust collectors, such as cyclone dust collectors, bag dust collectors, electrostatic precipitators, etc. In addition, the device has an additional resistance of less than 50Pa, and when retrofitting existing dust removal systems, there is no need to modify the fan system, reducing the retrofit cost, thus making the device described in this application highly adaptable.

[0020] Compared to developing entirely new dust collection equipment specifically for small-particle dust, dust suppression through agglomeration typically involves modifying existing dust collection equipment or adding the device described in this application. This allows for full utilization of existing equipment resources, reducing the cost of equipment upgrades. Furthermore, for the same dust collection effect, using the device described in this application can reduce the design scale of the dust collection equipment, thereby reducing the overall investment in the dust collection system. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments of this application and their descriptions are used to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application.

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated dust removal auxiliary device for dust condensation suppression and airflow uniform distribution according to an embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the shell structure in the integrated dust removal auxiliary device for dust suppression and airflow uniform distribution according to an embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the housing in the integrated dust removal auxiliary device for dust suppression and airflow uniform distribution according to an embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a fluid simulation diagram of the integrated dust removal auxiliary device for dust suppression and airflow uniform distribution according to an embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the bent plate in the integrated dust removal auxiliary device for dust suppression and airflow uniform distribution according to an embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 6This is a line graph showing the single-hole area of ​​the first perforation and the dust removal efficiency improvement of the integrated dust collection and airflow distribution dust removal auxiliary device according to an embodiment of this application.

[0029] Figure 7 This is a line graph showing the opening ratio of the first perforation of the integrated dust removal auxiliary device for dust suppression and airflow uniform distribution according to an embodiment of this application, along with the dust removal efficiency and system resistance.

[0030] Figure 8 This is a line graph showing the relationship between the spacing between the bent plates of the integrated dust removal auxiliary device for dust suppression and airflow uniform distribution in this application embodiment, and the dust removal efficiency and system resistance.

[0031] Figure 9 This is a line graph showing the bending angle of the bending plate of the integrated dust removal auxiliary device for dust suppression and airflow uniform distribution in this application, as well as the relationship between dust removal efficiency and system resistance.

[0032] Figure 10 This is a line graph showing the bending number of the bending plate of the integrated dust removal auxiliary device for dust suppression and airflow uniform distribution in this application embodiment, in relation to dust removal efficiency and system resistance.

[0033] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the airflow distribution plate in the integrated dust removal auxiliary device for dust suppression and airflow uniform distribution according to an embodiment of this application.

[0034] Figure label:

[0035] 1. Housing; 2. Air inlet; 3. Air outlet; 4. Primary processor; 41. First perforation; 42. Bending plate; 5. Secondary processor; 51. Second perforation; 52. Airflow distribution plate; 6. Vibration mechanism; 7. Jet mechanism. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0037] Please see Figure 1In a preferred embodiment of this application, an integrated dust removal auxiliary device for dust condensation suppression and airflow uniform distribution includes a housing 1. One end of the housing 1 is provided with an air inlet 2, and the other end of the housing 1 is provided with an air outlet 3. A primary processor 4 and a secondary processor 5 are sequentially arranged on the housing 1 from the air inlet 2 to the air outlet 3. The housing 1 is arranged in a gradually expanding structure along the direction from the air inlet 2 to the air outlet 3. The primary processor 4 includes a plurality of bent plates 42 densely covered with first perforations 41. The secondary processor 5 includes at least one layer of airflow uniform distribution plate 52 densely covered with second perforations 51.

[0038] like Figure 2 As shown, the casing 1 adopts a gradually expanding flared design along the gas flow direction, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the expansion angle α is between 30° and 70°. The specific angle is designed according to different working conditions and verified by numerical simulation analysis, such as... Figure 4 As shown, by making full use of the gradual diffusion of airflow and gradually reducing the intake speed, the uniform distribution of airflow is improved.

[0039] After the flue gas enters the housing 1 through the air inlet 2, it first passes through the primary processor 4, which includes multiple bent plates 42 densely covered with first perforations 41. For example... Figure 5 The bending plate 42 shown is made of a sheet material with numerous perforations through continuous bending. The sheet material is made of 430 stainless steel to give the bending plate 42 wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant properties. The opening shape of the first perforation 41 is rhomboid, and the area of ​​a single hole of the first perforation 41 is less than 1 cm². 2 ~4cm 2 Between these layers, the opening ratio is 60%~80%, the spacing between each layer of bent plates is between 0.1m and 0.5m, the bending angle is between 90° and 120°, and the number of consecutive bends varies from 1 to 4.

[0040] The above design parameters are derived by comprehensively considering both system resistance and dust collection efficiency. Taking the downstream electrostatic precipitator as an example, experimental data comparison shows that an increase in system resistance of less than 50 Pa results in a dust collection efficiency improvement of over 20%. Specific data are as follows:

[0041] like Figure 6 As shown, the area of ​​a single hole in the first perforation 41 is less than 1 cm². 2 At this time, the first perforation 41 is easily clogged by dust, requiring frequent vibration, which is detrimental to operation. The area of ​​a single hole is greater than 4 cm². 2 At that time, the local turbulence weakens, and the dust removal efficiency is reduced.

[0042] like Figure 7As shown, when the opening ratio of the first perforation 41 is less than 60%, the system resistance increases significantly, the system energy consumption increases, and the dust removal efficiency improvement effect is not significant. When the opening ratio is greater than 80%, the turbulence weakens, and the dust removal efficiency improvement effect decreases.

[0043] like Figure 8 As shown, when the spacing between the bending plates 42 is less than 0.1m, the system resistance increases significantly, the system energy consumption increases, and the dust removal efficiency improvement is not significant. When the spacing is greater than 0.5m, the turbulence weakens, and the dust removal efficiency improvement decreases.

[0044] like Figure 9 As shown, when the bending angle of the bending plate 42 is less than 90°, the system resistance increases significantly, the system energy consumption increases, and the dust removal efficiency improvement effect is not significant. When the bending angle is less than 120°, the turbulence weakens, and the dust removal efficiency improvement effect decreases.

[0045] like Figure 10 As shown, when the number of consecutive bends of the bending plate 42 is greater than 4, the system resistance increases significantly, the system energy consumption increases, and the dust removal efficiency improvement effect is not significant.

[0046] The above parameters need to be designed according to different working conditions and verified through numerical simulation analysis. Under the action of the primary processor 4, the flue gas flow state can change from laminar to turbulent. This process promotes the agglomeration of small-diameter dust particles, which can be categorized into the following three cases:

[0047] (1) For dust particles with very small diameters (submicron), they undergo random Brownian motion in the gas. Brownian motion intensifies under turbulent conditions, and particles collide with each other continuously during the motion. When particles collide, they adhere together under the influence of intermolecular forces such as van der Waals forces, forming larger particles.

[0048] (2) In an airflow, when there are differences in particle size and velocity, collisions and agglomeration will occur between particles due to the effects of fluid dynamics. Large and small particles move in the same airflow, with the smaller particles experiencing relatively less drag and the larger particles experiencing relatively greater drag. In this case, the smaller particles may catch up with and collide with the larger particles, and then combine together. Just like in a river, larger stones move more slowly in the current, and smaller stones may be carried by the current to collide with the larger stones and stick together.

[0049] (3) Dust particles generate static electricity during the collision with the dust suppression board. Under the action of the electric field, particles with opposite charges attract each other, collide and agglomerate.

[0050] Simultaneously, the structure of the primary processor 4 guides and obstructs the flow of flue gas, resulting in a more uniform distribution of the flue gas across the entire cross-section, increasing the original uniformity coefficient and improving airflow uniformity. This is mainly divided into the following three cases:

[0051] (1) The shape and position of the air inlet 2 have a great influence on the uniform distribution of airflow. The overall shape of the primary processor 4 is based on the overall flow channel design of the device, and adopts a gradually expanding horn shape, so that the airflow gradually diffuses during the flow, reduces the air intake speed, and helps to distribute the airflow evenly.

[0052] (2) Guiding function: The multi-layer continuous folding plate structure of the primary processor 4 can guide the airflow in a specific direction, making the airflow smoother when entering the equipment or space.

[0053] (3) Utilizing the porous structure: Each plate of the primary processor 4 has a porous structure, which is formed by multiple layers of stacked arrangement to form many small holes and gaps. Through these small holes or gaps, the airflow can be evenly distributed to the next space.

[0054] The flue gas exits from the primary processor 4 and enters the secondary processor 5. The secondary processor 5 includes at least one layer of airflow distribution plate 52 densely covered with second perforations 51, such as... Figure 11 As shown, in this embodiment, the secondary processor 5 is a double-layered airflow distribution plate 52, which further equalizes and rectifyes the airflow. After processing, the flue gas becomes a uniformly distributed, directionally stable fluid carrying large particle clusters. The flue gas then enters a conventional dust collector (such as an electrostatic precipitator, bag filter, cartridge filter, cyclone dust collector, etc.), greatly improving the dust removal efficiency of the dust collector.

[0055] When the flue gas passes through the primary processor 4, some dust particles will agglomerate on the bending plate 42, which removes some dust to a certain extent and helps improve the overall dust removal efficiency. The dust is removed by using a rapping mechanism 6 and an air jet mechanism 7 through rapping and blowing. The rapping mechanism 6 can be a motor with a hammer or eccentric wheel installed on its shaft to generate vibration or rapping effects, thereby removing dust from the bending plate 42 and clearing blockages. The air jet mechanism 7 can be multiple pressurized nozzles connected to a high-pressure air source, allowing the high-pressure air source to provide high-pressure airflow to the nozzles. This high-pressure airflow blows the dust off the bending plate 42, clearing blockages.

[0056] In this embodiment, the device has an overall progressive design, and the special structural design of the primary processor 4 can force the fluid flow state to change, promote turbulent coagulation and electrostatic coagulation, and at the same time promote the uniform distribution of airflow in space.

[0057] Small-diameter dust particles (such as particles smaller than 1 μm) are difficult to remove effectively by conventional dust collectors (such as cyclone dust collectors, simple bag filters, electrostatic precipitators, etc.). By adding this device, the small-diameter dust particles are transformed into larger-diameter dust particles. These larger particles can then be easily separated by centrifugal force in a cyclone dust collector, or removed by interception and filtration in a bag filter, or by electrostatic adsorption in an electrostatic precipitator. As shown in Table 1 below, taking a traditional electrostatic precipitator as an example, adding the device of this embodiment improves dust removal efficiency by more than 20%.

[0058] Table 1: Comparative Test Data on Dust Collector Outlet Efficiency Improvement

[0059]

[0060] In addition, the device in this embodiment has the advantage of strong adaptability:

[0061] It can be applied to dust removal in various industries, including metallurgy, chemical industry, and building materials. These industries often generate large amounts of small-particle dust, and this technology can effectively solve the pollution problem caused by this small-particle dust.

[0062] It can be used in conjunction with various dust collectors, such as cyclone dust collectors, bag dust collectors, electrostatic precipitators, etc.

[0063] The device adds resistance of less than 50Pa, which means that the existing dust removal system does not need to be modified when it is upgraded, thus reducing the cost of the upgrade.

[0064] In addition, the device in this embodiment has the advantage of strong adaptability:

[0065] Compared to developing entirely new dust collection equipment specifically for small-particle dust, dust suppression through agglomeration typically involves modifying existing dust collection equipment or adding the device described in this embodiment as a pretreatment device for the existing dust collection equipment. This allows for full utilization of existing equipment resources and reduces the cost of equipment upgrades.

[0066] With the same dust removal effect, the design scale of the dust removal device can be reduced and the investment in the overall dust removal system can be reduced by using the device of this embodiment.

[0067] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application; however, the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application, based on the technical solution and its improved concept, should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A dust removal auxiliary device integrating dust agglomeration and dust suppression with airflow uniform distribution, characterized in that, The device includes a housing, with an air inlet at one end and an air outlet at the other end. A primary processor and a secondary processor are sequentially arranged on the housing from the air inlet to the air outlet. The housing is configured with a gradually expanding structure from the air inlet to the air outlet. The primary processor includes multiple bent plates densely covered with first perforations, and the secondary processor includes at least one layer of airflow distribution plate densely covered with second perforations.

2. The integrated dust removal auxiliary device for condensation and dust suppression and airflow uniform distribution according to claim 1, characterized in that, The expansion angle of the shell is 30°~70°.

3. The integrated dust removal auxiliary device for condensation and dust suppression and airflow uniform distribution according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first perforation is rhomboid in shape, and the area of ​​the first perforation is 1 cm². 2 ~4cm 2 .

4. The integrated dust removal auxiliary device for condensation and dust suppression and airflow uniform distribution according to claim 3, characterized in that, The opening ratio of the first perforation on the bending plate is 60%~80%.

5. The integrated dust removal auxiliary device for condensation and dust suppression and airflow uniform distribution according to any one of claims 1, 2, and 4, characterized in that, The spacing between the bending plates is 0.1m to 0.5m.

6. The integrated dust removal auxiliary device for condensation and dust suppression and airflow uniform distribution according to claim 5, characterized in that, The number of bends in the bending plate is 1, 2, 3 or 4.

7. The integrated dust removal auxiliary device for condensation and dust suppression and airflow uniform distribution according to claim 6, characterized in that, The bending angle of the bending plate is 90°~120°.

8. The integrated dust removal auxiliary device for condensation and dust suppression and airflow uniform distribution according to any one of claims 1, 2, 4, 6 and 7, characterized in that, The housing is also equipped with a vibration mechanism.

9. The integrated dust removal auxiliary device for condensation and dust suppression and airflow uniform distribution according to claim 8, characterized in that, An air jet mechanism is also provided inside the housing.

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