A multi-edged shallow flute cutting tool

Abstract

A multi-edged shallow-groove cutting tool includes a cutting tool and further includes: a tool holder with a "W"-shaped semi-open insert holder at one end; a fixing assembly including a fastening screw and an "L"-shaped pressure plate; a cutting insert mounted on the insert holder via the fixing assembly, the cutting insert comprising multiple cutting edges; multiple positioning bosses evenly distributed on the first surface of the insert holder, and at least two through screw holes on the insert holder; a positioning groove matching the positioning bosses at the bottom of the cutting insert, and a through hole corresponding to the screw holes on the cutting insert; this utility model has a novel structure, and through the double fixing of screws and "L"-shaped pressure plates, the double fixing mechanism (screw pre-tightening + pressure plate pressure) combined with a multi-level support structure, it can withstand axial cutting forces of over 500N, with insert offset ≤0.02mm.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to cutting tools, specifically a multi-bladed shallow groove cutting tool. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of machining, the performance of cutting tools directly affects machining quality and efficiency, especially in shallow grooving scenarios, where the reliability of tool fixation, positioning accuracy, and multi-edge coordination capabilities are crucial. Existing multi-edge shallow grooving cutting tools generally employ a single screw to fix the insert, a design that has the following significant drawbacks:

[0003] I. Insufficient reliability of blade fixing

[0004] Traditional single-screw fixing methods constrain the insert at only one point. Under high-speed cutting (e.g., speed ≥2000 r / min) or heavy-load conditions (e.g., axial cutting force ≥300 N), the insert is prone to radial or axial displacement due to vibration or cutting force. For example, when machining high-strength materials such as stainless steel, the offset of a single-screw fixed insert can reach more than 0.1 mm, leading to out-of-tolerance groove width error (error > 0.05 mm), deterioration of surface roughness (Ra > 3.2 μm), and even tool chipping or workpiece scrap.

[0005] II. Low positioning accuracy of multi-blade collaborative positioning

[0006] Existing cutting tools rely on simple planar positioning, making it difficult to achieve six-degree-of-freedom constraints on the insert. Taking a three-flute insert as an example, its circumferential positioning relies solely on the clearance fit of the screw holes, resulting in a positioning error ≥0.05mm. This leads to poor consistency in the distance between the cutting edges during multi-flute cutting (deviation >0.2mm), uneven depth of the machined shallow grooves, and affects the workpiece assembly accuracy. Furthermore, traditional structures cannot effectively resist cutting torque, making the insert prone to torsional deflection, further exacerbating machining errors.

[0007] III. Limited processing efficiency and economic viability

[0008] Single-edge cutting requires multiple passes to complete multi-groove machining. Taking five shallow grooves as an example, traditional tools need to be clamped and re-clamped five times, increasing machining time by more than 50%. Tool changes require complete removal of screws, with each change taking up to five minutes, severely impacting production efficiency. Furthermore, a single locating surface is prone to accelerated wear due to concentrated cutting forces, resulting in generally short insert life (requiring replacement after ≤30 consecutive pieces of work), and persistently high tool costs.

[0009] IV. Limitations of Existing Technology

[0010] The three-blade insert structure disclosed in Chinese patent document CN1282283A, while capable of grooving, only has three cutting edges, resulting in limited economic performance. Furthermore, it still uses a single screw for fixing, failing to address the issues of multi-blade collaborative positioning and vibration resistance. In addition, its insert positioning relies on simple planar contact, which cannot meet the requirements of high-precision shallow grooving (such as groove width tolerance ±0.03mm and surface roughness Ra≤1.6μm). Utility Model Content

[0011] In view of the above situation and to overcome the defects of the prior art, this utility model provides a multi-bladed shallow groove cutting tool, which effectively solves the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0012] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: This utility model includes a cutting tool, and further includes:

[0013] The tool holder has a "W"-shaped semi-open blade holder at one end;

[0014] The fastening components include fastening screws and an "L"-shaped pressure plate;

[0015] The cutting insert is mounted on the insert holder by a fixing component, and the cutting insert contains multiple cutting edges;

[0016] The first surface of the blade holder has a plurality of positioning bosses evenly distributed thereon, and the blade holder is provided with at least two through screw holes;

[0017] The bottom of the cutting blade is provided with a positioning groove that matches the positioning boss, and the cutting blade is provided with a through hole that corresponds to the screw hole;

[0018] The fastening screw passes through the through hole and is threaded into the screw hole to initially fix the cutting blade; the "L"-shaped pressure plate covers the surface of the cutting blade and applies pressure to the cutting blade by tightening the screw to complete the fixation.

[0019] Preferably, the two sides of the blade holder are symmetrically distributed along the center line I, and the first surface of the blade holder is provided with a first boss and a second boss arranged in a stepped manner. The first boss and the second boss are connected by a central abutment. The first positioning part and the second positioning part are stacked on both sides of the blade holder.

[0020] Preferably, the number of positioning bosses is five, and they are evenly spaced.

[0021] Preferably, the top thickness of the positioning boss is 0.2mm-0.7mm, with a tolerance of ±0.02mm.

[0022] Preferably, the two side walls of the blade holder are inclined inward at an angle of 82° to 88°.

[0023] Preferably, there is a height difference between the first boss and the second boss, and the height difference is 0.5mm-1.4mm.

[0024] Preferably, the clearance surface of the cutting insert abuts against the stepped boss of the insert holder, and the inclination angle of the clearance surface is 8° to 25°.

[0025] Preferably, the cutting edge of the cutting insert is 0.1 mm higher than the protrusion at its bottom.

[0026] Preferably, the bottom surface of the pressing part of the "L"-shaped pressure plate is in complete contact with the surface of the cutting blade to apply pressure evenly.

[0027] Preferably, the cutting edge rake angle γ of the cutting insert is 2° to 8°, and the second rake angle β is 19° to 29°.

[0028] Beneficial effects: High reliability of fixing: Double fixing by screws and "L"-shaped pressure plate, the double fixing mechanism (screw pre-tightening + pressure plate pressure) combined with multi-level support structure can withstand axial cutting force of more than 500N, and the blade offset is ≤0.02mm.

[0029] Improved machining efficiency: The multi-blade collaborative cutting design can complete multiple shallow groove machining in one go, which improves machining efficiency and supports quick tool change.

[0030] High positioning accuracy: The "W"-shaped blade holder achieves six degrees of freedom constraint on the blade through rectangular boss groove matching, stepped boss abutment and side positioning surface cooperation, improving the positioning accuracy by more than 30%.

[0031] Extending tool life: The positioning boss disperses cutting stress, reducing tool wear and extending tool life. Attached Figure Description

[0032] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the present invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to explain the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of this utility model;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the upper surface structure of the blade of this utility model;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the lower surface structure of the blade of this utility model;

[0036] Figure 4 This is a front view of the blade of this utility model;

[0037] Figure 5 This is a utility model Figure 3 A magnified structural diagram of C;

[0038] Figure 6 This is a top view of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 7 This is a top view of the blade holder on the tool holder of this utility model;

[0040] Labels in the diagram: 90, Cutting tool; 97, Insert; 98, Fastening screw; 99, "L"-shaped clamping plate; 100, Cutting insert mounting hole; 101, Cutting edge; 102, Groove protrusion 1; 103, Groove protrusion 2; 104, Groove protrusion 3; 105, Insert cutting part; 106, Rake face; 107, Clearance surface; 108, Side rake face; 109, Clearance bottom surface; 110, First contact extension surface; 111, Mounting abutment against the first extension surface; 112, Main mounting abutment surface; 113, Mounting abutment against the second extension surface; 114, Second contact extension... 115. Upper surface of the cutting insert; 116. Bottom surface of the cutting insert; 117. Positioning groove; 118. Bottom mounting abutment surface; 200. First end face of the insert holder; 201. First end face of the insert holder; 202. Rectangular positioning boss; 203. First surface of the insert holder; 204. Central abutment part; 205. First boss; 206. First positioning part; 207. Second boss; 208. Stepped boss inclined surface; 209. Support sidewall; 210. Pressure plate mounting hole; 211. Upper end face of the insert holder; 212. Threaded receiving hole; 213. Tool holder. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-7 The specific embodiments of this utility model will be described in further detail.

[0042] Example 1, by Figure 1-7 This utility model provides a multi-bladed shallow groove cutting tool, including a cutting tool 90, and further comprising:

[0043] The tool holder 213 has a "W"-shaped semi-open tool holder at one end;

[0044] The fastening components include fastening screws 98 and "L"-shaped pressure plates 99;

[0045] The cutting insert 97 is mounted on the insert holder by a fixing component, and the cutting insert 97 includes multiple cutting edges;

[0046] The first surface 203 of the blade holder has a plurality of positioning bosses 202 evenly distributed, and the blade holder is provided with at least two through screw holes;

[0047] The bottom of the cutting blade 97 is provided with a positioning groove 117 that matches the positioning boss 202, and the cutting blade 97 is provided with a through hole corresponding to the screw hole;

[0048] The fastening screw 98 passes through the through hole and is threaded into the screw hole to initially fix the cutting blade 97; the "L"-shaped pressure plate 99 covers the surface of the cutting blade 97 and applies pressure to the cutting blade 97 by tightening the screw to complete the fixation.

[0049] Tool holder 213: One end has a "W"-shaped semi-open insert holder, and both sides are symmetrical along the center line I. Five equally spaced rectangular positioning bosses 202 are evenly distributed on the first surface 203 of the insert holder. The top thickness of the bosses is 0.2-0.7mm with a tolerance of ±0.02mm, used for matching and positioning with the bottom positioning groove 117 of the cutting insert. The insert holder has two through screw holes for installing fastening screws 98.

[0050] The “W” shaped structure has two side walls that are inclined inward at an angle α1 of 82°-88°, forming a symmetrical constraint surface. The first boss 205 and the second boss 207 are connected by the central abutment part 204. The angle α2 of the stepped boss inclined surface 208 is 105°-111°, and the angle α3 of the two side walls of the central abutment part is 59°-65°, and the inclination angle with the first surface is less than 90°.

[0051] Fixing components include fastening screws 98 and an "L"-shaped pressure plate 99. The "L"-shaped pressure plate has a pressure plate mounting hole 210 on one side, which is aligned with the screw hole of the blade holder; the other side extends a clamping part, and the bottom surface is in complete contact with the surface 115 of the cutting blade, so that pressure is applied evenly by tightening the screw.

[0052] Cutting insert 97: Mounted within the insert holder via a fixing assembly, it comprises five cutting edges. The cutting edge 101 extends 0.1 mm above the bottom protrusions 102 / 103 / 104, ensuring that only the working edge contacts the workpiece during cutting. The insert bottom has five positioning grooves 117 that match the positioning bosses 202. The clearance surface 107 has an inclination angle of 8°-25° and abuts against the stepped bosses 205 / 207, limiting axial displacement. Cutting edge parameters: First rake angle γ = 2°-8°, second rake angle β = 19°-29°.

[0053] Double-stage fixing: Initial fixing: The fastening screw 98 passes through the through hole of the blade and is threaded into the screw hole of the blade seat, so that the groove 117 at the bottom of the blade and the positioning boss 202 are initially engaged.

[0054] Final fixation: The "L"-shaped pressure plate 99 covers the blade surface, and vertical pressure is applied by tightening the screws to eliminate assembly gaps and ensure that the blade is in close contact with the positioning boss and the first surface of the blade holder.

[0055] Working Principle: In use, this invention employs a "W"-shaped insert holder constraint: the two side walls of the insert holder are inclined inward at an angle α1 of 82°-88°, forming a symmetrical constraint surface. This surface engages with the cutting insert clearance surface 107 at an angle of 8°-25°, limiting the axial displacement of the insert through line or surface contact. The stepped first boss 205 and the second boss 207 are connected at an angle α2 of 105°-111° via the two side walls of the central abutment 204 at an angle α3 of 59°-65°, forming a multi-level support. This support abuts against the bottom clearance surface 107 and the mounting abutment surface 118 of the insert, achieving both radial and axial positioning.

[0056] Five sets of positioning bosses-grooves matching: Five rectangular positioning bosses 202 are evenly distributed on the first surface 203 of the blade holder. The top thickness of the bosses is 0.2-0.7mm, with a tolerance of ±0.02mm. They precisely mesh with the five positioning grooves 117 at the bottom of the blade to form circumferentially divided positioning, eliminating the blade's rotational degree of freedom. At the same time, the radial clearance is controlled by the thickness of the bosses to ensure that the positioning accuracy is ≤0.02mm.

[0057] Preliminary screw pre-tightening fixation: The fastening screw 98 passes through the through hole of the blade and is threadedly connected to the screw hole of the blade seat, applying an initial pre-tightening force so that the positioning boss 202 is embedded in the positioning groove 117, initially constraining the blade's translational freedom.

[0058] The "L"-shaped pressure plate applies pressure and locks the blade: the bottom surface of the pressing part of the "L"-shaped pressure plate 99 is in complete contact with the upper surface 115 of the blade. By tightening the screws in the pressure plate mounting hole 210, vertical pressure is applied to the blade, forcing the bottom surface 116 of the blade to tightly adhere to the first surface 203 of the blade holder and the positioning boss, eliminating assembly gaps and forming a rigid fixation. This double fixing mechanism can withstand an axial cutting force of ≥500N, with a blade offset of ≤0.02mm.

[0059] Multi-blade collaborative cutting: The blade has 5 cutting edges evenly distributed around its circumference. Each cutting edge 101 is located on a different working surface and is 0.1mm higher than the bottom protrusions 102, 103, and 104. This ensures that only the current working edge contacts the workpiece during cutting, while the other edges are left unattended to avoid interference.

[0060] Optimization of angle parameters: First rake angle γ = 2°-8°: Reduce cutting resistance and reduce cutting heat generation.

[0061] Second rake angle β = 19°-29°: Reduces friction between the flank face and the workpiece, improving tool life.

[0062] The multi-edged tool cuts into the workpiece sequentially, and can complete multiple shallow grooves in a single pass, increasing efficiency by 40% compared to traditional single-edged tools.

[0063] Cutting force transmission path: The cutting force is transmitted through the cutting edge to the insert clearance surface 107 and the mounting abutment surface 118, and then dispersed to the insert holder via the stepped bosses 205, 207 and the positioning boss 202, avoiding local stress concentration. The inclination angle θ of the clearance surface decomposes the cutting force along the normal of the positioning surface, reducing shear stress and reducing wear by 30% compared to the traditional structure.

[0064] Symmetrical anti-torque design: Five sets of positioning bosses and grooves are evenly distributed circumferentially to form symmetrical torque couples, effectively resisting cutting torque and preventing tool deflection. Actual test data shows that the tool offset is ≤0.02mm during heavy-duty machining, improving positioning accuracy compared to the 0.1mm offset of traditional tools.

[0065] Quick tool change mechanism: Through the combination of "L" shaped pressure plate and screw, the pressure plate can be loosened without completely removing the screw, realizing quick tool removal and installation. The tool change time is reduced by 6% compared with the traditional single screw structure, improving processing efficiency.

[0066] Six degrees of freedom constraint: The "W"-shaped insert holder completely restricts the axial, radial, circumferential translational and rotational degrees of freedom of the insert through the constraint of α1 on both side walls, the stepped boss abutting against α2 / α3, and the matching of the positioning boss and groove, thus achieving full constraint of six degrees of freedom and ensuring the dynamic stability of the insert during the cutting process.

[0067] Tolerance control: The positioning boss and the groove adopt a transition fit tolerance of ±0.02mm, the height difference of the stepped boss t0.5-1.4mm is precisely matched with the clearance thickness at the bottom of the blade, and the assembly gap is ≤0.01mm, which meets the requirements of precision machining.

[0068] Beneficial effects: High reliability of fixing: Double fixing by screws and "L"-shaped pressure plate, the double fixing mechanism (screw pre-tightening + pressure plate pressure) combined with multi-level support structure can withstand axial cutting force of more than 500N, and the blade offset is ≤0.02mm.

[0069] Improved machining efficiency: The multi-blade collaborative cutting design can complete multiple shallow groove machining in one go, improving machining efficiency by 40% and supporting rapid tool change (reducing tool change time by 60%).

[0070] High positioning accuracy: The "W"-shaped blade holder achieves six degrees of freedom constraint on the blade through rectangular boss groove matching, stepped boss abutment and side positioning surface cooperation, improving the positioning accuracy by more than 30%.

[0071] Extend tool life: The positioning boss disperses cutting stress, reducing tool wear by 30% and extending tool life.

[0072] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the utility model. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A multi-edged shallow-groove cutting tool, comprising a cutting tool, characterized in that, Also includes: The tool holder has a "W"-shaped semi-open blade holder at one end; The fastening components include fastening screws and an "L"-shaped pressure plate; A cutting blade mounted on the blade holder via the fixing component, the cutting blade comprising a plurality of cutting edges; The first surface of the blade holder is evenly distributed with multiple positioning bosses, and the blade holder is provided with at least two through screw holes; The bottom of the cutting blade is provided with a positioning groove that matches the positioning boss, and the cutting blade is provided with a through hole that corresponds to the screw hole; The fastening screw passes through the through hole and is threaded into the screw hole to initially fix the cutting blade; the "L"-shaped pressure plate covers the surface of the cutting blade and applies pressure to the cutting blade by tightening the screw to complete the fixation.

2. The multi-bladed shallow-groove cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blade holder has two sides symmetrically distributed along the center line I, and the first surface of the blade holder has a first boss and a second boss arranged in a stepped manner. The first boss and the second boss are connected by a central abutment. The blade holder has a first positioning part and a second positioning part stacked on each side.

3. A multi-bladed shallow-groove cutting tool according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The number of positioning bosses is five, and they are evenly spaced.

4. A multi-bladed shallow-groove cutting tool according to claim 3, characterized in that: The top thickness of the positioning boss is 0.2mm-0.7mm, with a tolerance of ±0.02mm.

5. A multi-bladed shallow-groove cutting tool according to claim 4, characterized in that... The two side walls of the blade holder are inclined inward at an angle of 82° to 88°.

6. A multi-bladed shallow-groove cutting tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: There is a height difference between the first boss and the second boss, and the height difference is 0.5mm-1.4mm.

7. A multi-bladed shallow-groove cutting tool according to claim 6, characterized in that: The clearance surface of the cutting blade abuts against the stepped boss of the blade holder, and the inclination angle of the clearance surface is 8° to 25°.

8. A multi-bladed shallow-groove cutting tool according to claim 7, characterized in that: The cutting edge of the cutting blade extends 0.1 mm above the protrusion at its bottom.

9. A multi-bladed shallow-groove cutting tool according to claim 8, characterized in that: The bottom surface of the pressing part of the "L"-shaped pressure plate is in complete contact with the surface of the cutting blade to apply pressure evenly.

10. A multi-bladed shallow-groove cutting tool according to claim 9, characterized in that: The cutting blade has a rake angle γ of 2° to 8° and a second rake angle β of 19° to 29°.

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