Furnace structure of a waste incineration fly ash plasma melting furnace

Abstract

This application relates to the field of waste incineration technology, and in particular to the furnace structure of a plasma melting furnace for waste incineration fly ash, comprising a furnace frame, a heat distribution assembly, and a material guiding assembly. The heat distribution assembly optimizes heat distribution through a main heat exchange plate and an auxiliary heat exchange plate; the raised structure and guide grooves on the surface of the auxiliary heat exchange plate further improve the heat exchange effect. The material guiding assembly utilizes inclined guide plates and spiral guide vanes to promote fly ash transport and molten product discharge. The inner wall of the furnace frame is provided with a refractory material layer, the microporous structure of which enhances thermal shock resistance. This invention solves the problems of uneven heat distribution, localized overheating, and low material transport efficiency in existing furnaces, and features a compact structure, high efficiency, and durability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of environmental protection and solid waste treatment technology, specifically the furnace structure of a plasma melting furnace for fly ash from waste incineration. Background Technology

[0002] In the process of waste incineration, the harmless treatment of fly ash is a crucial aspect of environmental protection. Currently, some fly ash treatment equipment based on plasma melting technology has emerged in the market, but these devices still have certain limitations in their furnace structure design. For example, existing furnace structures are prone to localized overheating or uneven heat distribution under high-temperature environments, which not only affects melting efficiency but may also lead to premature damage to the refractory materials of the equipment. In addition, there is room for optimization in some furnace structures regarding fly ash conveying and molten product discharge, resulting in additional maintenance and energy consumption during operation.

[0003] Therefore, we have made improvements to this and proposed a furnace structure for a waste incineration fly ash plasma melting furnace. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems of uneven heat distribution, local overheating, and low efficiency of fly ash conveying and molten product discharge in the furnace structure of existing waste incineration fly ash plasma melting furnaces under high temperature conditions.

[0005] To achieve the aforementioned objectives and address the aforementioned problems, this utility model provides a furnace structure for a waste incineration fly ash plasma melting furnace, comprising a furnace frame, a heat distribution component, and a material guiding component. The heat distribution component is located in the middle section inside the furnace frame to optimize heat distribution within the furnace chamber; the material guiding component is installed at the bottom of the furnace frame to guide fly ash into the melting zone and promote the discharge of molten products; the inner wall of the furnace frame is provided with a refractory material layer, the surface of which undergoes special treatment to enhance thermal shock resistance.

[0006] The heat distribution assembly includes a main heat exchange plate and several auxiliary heat exchange plates. The main heat exchange plate is fixedly installed at the central axis of the furnace frame and connected to the furnace frame by welding. The auxiliary heat exchange plates are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the main heat exchange plate and are connected to the main heat exchange plate by elastic supports. The surface of the auxiliary heat exchange plates is provided with multiple hemispherical protrusions to increase the heat exchange area and disperse concentrated heat areas.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution of this application, the elastic support includes two end fixing plates and a middle elastic column. The end fixing plates are respectively connected to the main heat exchange plate and the auxiliary heat exchange plate by bolts. The middle elastic column is made of high temperature resistant alloy material, and its two ends are embedded in the grooves of the end fixing plates and fixed by compression.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution of this application, the material guiding assembly includes a guide plate and a discharge channel. The guide plate is inclinedly arranged in the bottom area of ​​the furnace frame, with its high end connected to the inner wall of the furnace frame by a hinge, and its low end connected to the inlet of the discharge channel. The surface of the guide plate is covered with a wear-resistant coating with a thickness of 2mm to 3mm to reduce the wear of fly ash particles on its surface.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of this application, the inner wall of the discharge channel is provided with spiral guide vanes, which are continuously arranged along the axial direction of the discharge channel, and the spiral angle is 30° to 45°, which are used to guide the molten product to flow along a predetermined path and prevent blockage.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of this application, the top of the furnace frame is provided with a feed inlet, and a diverter plate is installed on the inner side of the feed inlet. The diverter plate is conical, with its tip pointing downward and aligned with the central axis of the furnace frame, for dispersing fly ash evenly into the furnace chamber.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of this application, the inner surface of the refractory material layer is provided with a microporous structure, the pore size of which is 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm, which is used to absorb thermal stress and improve the thermal shock resistance of the refractory material.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of this application, the bottom of the main heat exchange plate is provided with a cooling channel. The cross-sectional shape of the cooling channel is rectangular, and a cooling medium is introduced into it to reduce the temperature of the main heat exchange plate, thereby avoiding the occurrence of local overheating.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of this application, the auxiliary heat exchange plate has a guide groove between the protruding structures. The guide groove has a width of 5mm to 10mm and a depth of 2mm to 3mm, which is used to guide heat to flow in a specific direction and further optimize the heat distribution.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0015] Through the specially designed heat distribution and material guiding components, the main heat exchange plate and auxiliary heat exchange plate work together. The position of the auxiliary heat exchange plate is adjusted using elastic supports, allowing it to automatically adjust according to the heat distribution within the furnace, thereby improving the uniformity of heat distribution. The raised structure on the surface of the auxiliary heat exchange plate increases the heat exchange area, while the guide channels guide heat flow in a specific direction, effectively preventing localized overheating. The guide plates and discharge channels in the material guiding components are rationally designed. The tilt angle and wear-resistant coating of the guide plates reduce the wear of fly ash particles on their surface, and the spiral guide vanes in the discharge channels ensure smooth discharge of molten products, reducing the possibility of blockage. The refractory material layer on the inner wall of the furnace frame undergoes special treatment; its microporous structure improves thermal shock resistance and extends the service life of the equipment. The overall structure is compact, with clear connections between components, facilitating manufacturing and maintenance, and solving the problems of uneven heat distribution, localized overheating, and low efficiency in fly ash conveying and molten product discharge in existing technologies. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a magnified view of a portion of the heat distribution component.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the material guiding component.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a top view of the feed inlet at the top of the furnace frame.

[0020] Figure 5 This is an enlarged view of the microporous structure on the inner surface of the refractory material layer.

[0021] The attached figures are labeled as follows:

[0022] 1. Furnace frame; 2. Heat distribution assembly; 3. Material guide assembly; 4. Main heat exchange plate; 5. Auxiliary heat exchange plate; 6. Elastic support; 7. Raised structure; 8. Guide channel; 9. Guide plate; 10. Discharge channel; 11. Spiral guide vane; 12. Feed inlet; 13. Diverter plate; 14. Refractory material layer; 15. Microporous structure. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The furnace structure of this waste incineration fly ash plasma melting furnace consists of a furnace frame 1, a heat distribution component 2, and a material guiding component 3. The furnace frame 1 serves as the supporting foundation of the overall structure, with an internal refractory material layer 14, and other functional components are fixed externally by welding or bolting. The heat distribution component 2 is located in the middle section inside the furnace frame 1, while the material guiding component 3 is installed in the bottom area of ​​the furnace frame 1. The two work together to optimize the heat distribution within the furnace and improve the efficiency of fly ash conveying and molten product discharge.

[0024] The furnace frame 1 is a closed metal structure, with its inner wall coated with a refractory material layer 14. This layer is bonded to the furnace frame 1 through a high-temperature sintering process, ensuring good thermal shock resistance under long-term high-temperature environments. Figure 5 As shown, the inner surface of the refractory material layer 14 is specially treated to form a microporous structure 15 with a pore size ranging from 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm. This design can effectively absorb thermal stress in the furnace, thereby reducing material cracking caused by sudden temperature changes. A feed inlet 12 is provided at the top of the furnace frame 1, and a flow divider 13 is installed inside the feed inlet 12. The flow divider 13 is conical, with its tip pointing downwards and aligned with the central axis of the furnace frame 1. Figure 4 As shown. The design of the diversion plate 13 allows the fly ash entering from the feed inlet 12 to be evenly dispersed into the furnace under the action of gravity, avoiding the problem of local overheating caused by concentrated accumulation of fly ash.

[0025] The heat distribution assembly 2 is one of the core components of this utility model, mainly composed of a main heat exchange plate 4, an auxiliary heat exchange plate 5, and an elastic support 6. The main heat exchange plate 4 is fixedly installed at the central axis of the furnace frame 1 and connected to the furnace frame 1 by welding to ensure its stability in high-temperature environments. The auxiliary heat exchange plates 5 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the main heat exchange plate 4, and the two are connected by the elastic support 6. The elastic support 6 includes two end fixing plates and a central elastic column. The end fixing plates are respectively bolted to the main heat exchange plate 4 and the auxiliary heat exchange plate 5. The central elastic column is made of high-temperature resistant alloy material and is embedded in the groove of the end fixing plate. Figure 2As shown. This flexible connection method allows the auxiliary heat exchange plate 5 to automatically adjust its position according to the heat distribution in the furnace, thereby dynamically optimizing the heat distribution. The surface of the auxiliary heat exchange plate 5 has multiple raised structures 7, each hemispherical in shape, with a height of 5mm to 8mm and a spacing of 10mm to 15mm, used to increase the heat exchange area and disperse concentrated heat areas. Furthermore, guide channels 8 are provided between the raised structures 7, with a width of 5mm to 10mm and a depth of 2mm to 3mm, used to guide heat flow in a specific direction, further improving the uniformity of heat distribution in the furnace. The bottom of the main heat exchange plate 4 has a cooling channel with a rectangular cross-section, through which a cooling medium is circulated to reduce the temperature of the main heat exchange plate 4, thereby preventing localized overheating.

[0026] The material guiding assembly 3 is located at the bottom of the furnace frame 1 and mainly includes a guide plate 9 and a discharge channel 10. The guide plate 9 is inclined, with its high end connected to the inner wall of the furnace frame 1 via a hinge, and its low end connected to the inlet of the discharge channel 10, with an inclination angle of 30° to 45°. The surface of the guide plate 9 is covered with a wear-resistant coating, with a thickness of 2mm to 3mm, made of ceramic matrix composite material, which effectively reduces the wear of fly ash particles on its surface. The inner wall of the discharge channel 10 is provided with spiral guide vanes 11, which are continuously arranged along the axial direction of the discharge channel 10, with a spiral angle of 30° to 45°. Figure 3 As shown. The design of the spiral guide vane 11 allows the molten product to flow along a predetermined path under the action of gravity, avoiding blockage. An adjustable baffle is provided at the outlet of the discharge channel 10, and the opening size can be adjusted manually or automatically to meet the discharge requirements of different molten products.

[0027] In actual operation, after the fly ash enters the furnace through the feed inlet 12, it is evenly dispersed into the furnace interior under the action of the distribution plate 13. The fly ash gradually melts under high-temperature heating inside the furnace, and simultaneously, the heat distribution component 2 begins to function. The main heat exchange plate 4 and the auxiliary heat exchange plate 5 work together. Through the adjustment function of the elastic support 6, the auxiliary heat exchange plate 5 can automatically adjust its position according to the heat distribution inside the furnace, thereby dynamically optimizing the heat distribution. The raised structure 7 on the surface of the auxiliary heat exchange plate 5 increases the heat exchange area, while the guide groove 8 guides the heat to flow in a specific direction, effectively preventing localized overheating. At the same time, the cooling channel at the bottom of the main heat exchange plate 4 is circulated with a cooling medium, further reducing the temperature of the main heat exchange plate 4 and ensuring its stability under high-temperature conditions.

[0028] The molten fly ash slides down the guide plate 9 into the discharge channel 10 under gravity. The inclination angle and wear-resistant coating of the guide plate 9 reduce the wear of fly ash particles on its surface, extending its service life. After entering the discharge channel 10, the molten products flow along a predetermined path and are smoothly discharged under the guidance of the spiral guide vanes 11, avoiding blockage. Throughout the process, the refractory material layer 14 on the inner wall of the furnace frame 1 absorbs thermal stress through its microporous structure 15, improving its thermal shock resistance and thus extending the overall service life of the equipment.

[0029] The furnace structure of this waste incineration fly ash plasma melting furnace achieves uniform heat distribution, efficient fly ash conveying, and smooth discharge of molten products through the rational layout and close cooperation of the aforementioned components. The connections and positions of all parts are precisely designed to ensure the stability and reliability of the equipment under high-temperature conditions.

[0030] To enable those skilled in the art to fully understand and implement this utility model, the following supplementary explanation of the specific implementation principle of this utility model is provided in conjunction with a specific application scenario.

[0031] In the actual operation of waste incineration fly ash treatment, the fly ash to be treated is first introduced into the furnace through the feed inlet 12. After entering the furnace, the design of the diversion plate 13 allows the material to be evenly dispersed into the furnace interior along the conical surface under the action of gravity. The tip of the diversion plate 13 faces downward and is aligned with the central axis of the furnace frame 1. This structure ensures that the fly ash does not accumulate in a certain area, thereby effectively avoiding local overheating. The design principle of the diversion plate 13 is based on gravity distribution and fluid dynamics characteristics. By optimizing the movement trajectory of the fly ash particles, it can evenly cover the inner surface of the refractory material layer 14, providing a good foundation for the subsequent melting process.

[0032] Once fly ash enters the furnace, the heat distribution assembly 2 begins to function. The main heat exchange plate 4 is fixedly installed on the central axis of the furnace frame 1, and auxiliary heat exchange plates 5, symmetrically arranged on both sides, are connected to the main heat exchange plate 4 via elastic supports 6. In high-temperature environments, the auxiliary heat exchange plates 5 can automatically adjust their position according to the heat distribution within the furnace. This function relies on the central elastic column of the elastic support 6, which is made of a high-temperature resistant alloy and dynamically adjusted by being embedded in the groove of the end fixing plate. When the temperature in a certain area of ​​the furnace is too high, the elastic deformation of the elastic support 6 pushes the auxiliary heat exchange plate 5 closer to that area, thereby increasing the heat exchange area and achieving heat redistribution. The raised structure 7 on the surface of the auxiliary heat exchange plate 5 further enhances the heat exchange effect. Its hemispherical design not only increases the heat exchange area but also guides heat to flow in a specific direction through the guide channel 8, thus preventing heat concentration in a certain area. This heat distribution optimization mechanism significantly improves the melting efficiency within the furnace while reducing the risk of equipment damage due to localized overheating.

[0033] Meanwhile, cooling medium flows through the cooling channels at the bottom of the main heat exchange plate 4. The flow of the cooling medium through the rectangular cross-section channels achieves efficient heat exchange, thereby reducing the temperature of the main heat exchange plate 4. The principle behind this design is to utilize the high specific heat capacity of the cooling medium to remove excess heat from the main heat exchange plate 4 through forced convection, ensuring its stability under high-temperature conditions. The rectangular cross-section design of the cooling channels effectively reduces fluid resistance and improves the flow efficiency of the cooling medium, thus further enhancing the cooling effect.

[0034] As the fly ash gradually melts under high temperature, the molten product slides down the guide plate 9 into the discharge channel 10 under gravity. The inclination angle of the guide plate 9 is 30° to 45°. This angle range has been precisely calculated to ensure the smooth sliding of the molten product while avoiding high-speed impact wear from fly ash particles caused by excessive angle. The ceramic matrix composite wear-resistant coating covering the surface of the guide plate 9 has a thickness of 2mm to 3mm. Its high hardness and low coefficient of friction significantly reduce the wear of fly ash particles on its surface, extending the service life of the guide plate 9. In addition, the guide plate 9 is connected to the inner wall of the furnace frame 1 via hinges. This connection method not only facilitates maintenance and replacement but also absorbs the stress generated by thermal expansion to a certain extent, improving the reliability of the equipment.

[0035] After entering the discharge channel 10, the molten product flows along a predetermined path and is smoothly discharged under the guidance of the spiral guide vanes 11. The spiral angle of the spiral guide vanes 11 is 30° to 45°. This angle design is based on fluid mechanics principles and can effectively guide the molten product to flow along the axial direction, avoiding blockage caused by uneven flow velocity. The adjustable baffle at the outlet of the discharge channel 10 can be manually or automatically adjusted to adjust the opening size to adapt to the discharge requirements of different molten products. This design flexibility enables the equipment to cope with various working conditions and improves its applicability.

[0036] Throughout operation, the refractory material layer 14 on the inner wall of the furnace frame 1 absorbs thermal stress through its microporous structure 15, thereby reducing material cracking caused by sudden temperature changes. The pore size of the microporous structure 15 ranges from 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm; this size design effectively absorbs thermal stress without affecting the overall strength of the refractory material. The refractory material layer 14 is bonded to the furnace frame 1 through a high-temperature sintering process, ensuring its stability and thermal shock resistance under long-term high-temperature environments.

[0037] In summary, this invention achieves the goals of uniform heat distribution, efficient fly ash conveying, and smooth discharge of molten products through the coordinated operation of the aforementioned components. The connections and positional relationships between all components are precisely designed to ensure the stability and reliability of the equipment under high-temperature conditions. Those skilled in the art can accurately understand and implement the technical solution of this invention based on the above description and the specific reference numerals in the accompanying drawings.

Claims

1. A hearth structure of a waste incineration fly ash plasma melting furnace, characterized by, The furnace includes a furnace frame (1), a heat distribution component (2), and a material guiding component (3). The heat distribution component (2) is located in the middle section inside the furnace frame (1), and the material guiding component (3) is installed in the bottom area of ​​the furnace frame (1). The inner wall of the furnace frame (1) is provided with a refractory material layer (14), and the surface of the refractory material layer (14) is provided with a microporous structure (15). The pore size of the microporous structure (15) ranges from 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm.

2. The hearth structure of a waste incineration fly ash plasma melting furnace according to claim 1, characterized by, The heat distribution assembly (2) includes a main heat exchange plate (4) and several auxiliary heat exchange plates (5). The main heat exchange plate (4) is fixedly installed at the central axis of the furnace frame (1). The auxiliary heat exchange plates (5) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the main heat exchange plate (4). The auxiliary heat exchange plates (5) are connected to the main heat exchange plate (4) by elastic support members (6). The surface of the auxiliary heat exchange plate (5) is provided with multiple protrusions (7). The protrusions (7) are hemispherical in shape, with a height of 5 mm to 8 mm and a spacing of 10 mm to 15 mm.

3. The hearth structure of a waste incineration fly ash plasma melting furnace according to claim 2, characterized by, The elastic support (6) includes two end fixing plates and a middle elastic column. The end fixing plates are respectively connected to the main heat exchange plate (4) and the auxiliary heat exchange plate (5) by bolts. The middle elastic column is embedded in the groove of the end fixing plate and is made of high temperature resistant alloy material.

4. The hearth structure of a waste incineration fly ash plasma melting furnace according to claim 2, characterized by, The auxiliary heat exchange plate (5) has a guide groove (8) between the protruding structures (7), the guide groove (8) has a width of 5mm to 10mm and a depth of 2mm to 3mm.

5. The furnace structure of the waste incineration fly ash plasma melting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material guiding component (3) includes a guide plate (9) and a discharge channel (10). The guide plate (9) is inclinedly arranged in the bottom area of ​​the furnace frame (1). The high end of the guide plate (9) is connected to the inner wall of the furnace frame (1) by a hinge, and the low end is connected to the inlet of the discharge channel (10). The surface of the guide plate (9) is covered with a wear-resistant coating with a thickness of 2mm to 3mm.

6. The furnace structure of the waste incineration fly ash plasma melting furnace according to claim 5, characterized in that, The inner wall of the discharge channel (10) is provided with a spiral guide plate (11), which is continuously arranged along the axial direction of the discharge channel (10) with a spiral angle of 30° to 45°.

7. The furnace structure of the waste incineration fly ash plasma melting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the furnace frame (1) is provided with a feed inlet (12), and a diversion plate (13) is installed on the inner side of the feed inlet (12). The diversion plate (13) is conical, with the tip pointing downward and aligned with the central axis of the furnace frame (1).

8. The furnace structure of the waste incineration fly ash plasma melting furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that, The bottom of the main heat exchange plate (4) is provided with a cooling channel. The cross-sectional shape of the cooling channel is rectangular, and a cooling medium is introduced into the interior of the cooling channel.

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