A directional heat dissipation fireproof battery encapsulation device

Abstract

This utility model relates to the field of battery thermal insulation and protection technology, specifically to a directional heat dissipation fireproof battery encapsulation device. It includes an encapsulation box with a cavity inside, where a battery is placed. The battery is installed inside a vehicle body, and at least two independently plugged-in batteries are arranged side-by-side within the vehicle body. Each battery is individually encapsulated by the encapsulation box. The encapsulation box is composed of multiple layers of thermal insulation material, arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside as a shell, a thermal insulation buffer layer, a thermal insulation fiber layer, another thermal insulation buffer layer, and finally the shell. The encapsulation box has a detachable structure, with thermal expansion components on the detachable surface. An exhaust channel is provided on the encapsulation box, connecting to the cavity inside the box to discharge gases from the cavity in the event of a battery fire. The exhaust channel outlet of each encapsulation box is located at the rear of the vehicle body. This utility model achieves protection against battery thermal runaway while further reducing the harmful effects of the battery on the vehicle body.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of battery heat insulation and protection technology, and more specifically, to a directional heat dissipation fireproof battery packaging device. Background Technology

[0002] As the core carrier of green energy transformation, the safety and risk control of new energy batteries have become the focus of the industry. Their basic structure is mainly based on lithium-ion batteries, which achieve chemical energy to electrical energy conversion through positive electrode materials (such as ternary lithium and lithium iron phosphate), negative electrode (graphite / silicon-based), electrolyte (organic solvent + lithium salt), and separator, thereby powering new energy vehicles.

[0003] However, during the operation of new energy vehicles, the battery may catch fire rapidly due to collisions, short circuits, or other issues. The fire is extremely fast and the temperature is extremely high. Once the battery, located at the bottom of the vehicle, catches fire, its high temperature and flames will quickly spread to the vehicle body, causing the vehicle to stop and catch fire, resulting in personal injury and vehicle damage. Therefore, in order to prevent the battery from catching fire suddenly and spreading rapidly to the vehicle body, thus causing vehicle damage, a battery encapsulation device is needed to isolate the battery from the vehicle body and improve the safety of the battery during combustion.

[0004] A Chinese utility model patent, titled "A Lithium-ion Battery Protective Device" and with publication number CN218414783U, has been published. This patent includes a main body and a cover for the protective device, which are fixedly connected on two bottom surfaces in a direction perpendicular to the central axis of the battery cell via an overall protective shell and a single-cell protective shell. This utility model utilizes a double-heat-insulating and flame-retardant structure, consisting of a heat-insulating and flame-retardant coating layer for the battery cell and a heat-insulating and flame-retardant cavity, to encapsulate the battery cell or battery pack, thereby reducing the risk of thermal runaway during combustion or explosion.

[0005] Although this invention reduces the risk of thermal runaway by encapsulating the battery, the rapid collision during battery combustion generates high-pressure gas. When the battery is in a sealed encapsulation environment, it is more likely to explode due to the sealed space and high-pressure gas, thus reducing the safety of the battery encapsulation. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of this application is to provide a directional heat dissipation and fireproof battery packaging device, which solves the technical problem of protecting the battery from thermal runaway while further reducing the harm of the battery to the vehicle body.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the solution adopted in this application is as follows:

[0008] A directional heat dissipation fireproof battery encapsulation device includes an encapsulation box with a cavity inside, a battery placed inside the cavity, and the battery being installed inside a vehicle body.

[0009] Preferably, the vehicle body is provided with at least two independently plugged-in batteries, each of which is individually packaged in a packaging box.

[0010] Preferably, the encapsulation box is composed of multiple layers of heat insulation material, which are arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside of the box as a shell, a heat insulation buffer layer, and a shell.

[0011] Preferably, the packaging box is configured as a detachable structure, and the detachable surface is provided with a thermal expansion component.

[0012] Preferably, the packaging box is provided with an exhaust channel that connects to the cavity of the packaging box to exhaust the gas inside the cavity when the battery catches fire.

[0013] Preferably, the exhaust channel outlet position on each of the packaging boxes is set at the rear of the vehicle body.

[0014] Preferably, a partition is provided between the battery and the inner surface of the cavity of the packaging box, the battery is separated from the inner surface of the cavity of the packaging box by the partition, and the cavity space is connected to the exhaust channel.

[0015] Preferably, the inner surface of the cavity at the end of the encapsulation box away from the exhaust channel is further provided with a collapse structure.

[0016] Preferably, the collapse structure is configured as an elastic layer.

[0017] Preferably, the housing is made of steel and has a rigid structure.

[0018] Preferably, the heat insulation buffer layer is provided with aerogel felt, which is an elastic structure.

[0019] Preferably, the heat-insulating fiber layer is configured as a ceramic fiber mesh, which has a mesh structure.

[0020] Preferably, the packaging box includes a box body and a box lid.

[0021] Preferably, the top of the box is provided with a slot, and the box cover is screwed and threaded onto the slot on the top surface of the box, so that the slot is closed to form a cavity.

[0022] Preferably, a ring of thermal expansion components is also provided on the contact surface between the lid and the body.

[0023] Preferably, the thermal expansion component is configured as an intumescent fire-retardant sealant.

[0024] Preferably, each of the packaging boxes is provided with a corresponding exhaust channel, and the outlet of the exhaust channel is set as a guide air port, with the air outlet of the guide air port facing the ground.

[0025] Preferably, a one-way valve is provided in the exhaust passage.

[0026] Preferably, the one-way air valve has a one-way flow direction from the inside of the cavity of the packaging box to the outside of the cavity.

[0027] The technical solution of this application has at least the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0028] In this invention, in order to minimize the impact of battery combustion on the vehicle body and improve the safe evacuation time for the vehicle driver, multiple battery-independent encapsulation shells are set up so that each encapsulation does not affect the others. When a single battery burns, the encapsulation shells reduce the thermal runaway effect of the battery combustion, and other batteries are used to provide backup power for the vehicle, thereby improving the safety of the vehicle driver and reducing battery loss.

[0029] In this invention, in order to quickly expel the gas inside the cavity of the encapsulation box after the battery catches fire and burns, reduce the gas pressure and the concentration of combustible gas, thereby reducing the probability of battery explosion and weakening the battery combustion effect, and thus improving safety, an exhaust channel is also provided on the encapsulation box to connect the cavity of the encapsulation box and expel the gas inside the cavity when the battery catches fire and burns.

[0030] In this invention, to reduce the impact of battery explosion on the external environment, the encapsulation box is equipped with a rigid shell inside and outside. Inside the two rigid shells, a soft and elastic aerogel felt is also provided, which can buffer the impact force of the explosion when the battery explodes and damages the inner shell. A heat-insulating fiber layer is also provided in the middle layer of the aerogel felt. The entire inner box is wrapped with a ceramic fiber mesh. When small and sharp explosive fragments break through, they will be intercepted by the ceramic fiber mesh, reducing the possibility of them continuing to penetrate the aerogel felt layer and damaging the outermost shell, thereby improving the stability and safety of the entire encapsulation box. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the exhaust channel in this utility model.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a top view of the structure of this utility model.

[0034] Figure 4 This is a front view structural diagram of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model placed in the vehicle body.

[0037] In the diagram: 1-Encapsulation box, 11-Box cover, 12-Box body, 13-Thermal expansion component, 14-Baffle, 15-Collapse structure, 101-Shell, 102-Thermal insulation buffer layer, 103-Thermal insulation fiber layer, 2-Battery, 21-External connector, 3-Mounting base, 4-Exhaust channel, 41-One-way air valve, 5-Guide air port. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0039] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. The terms "center," "upper," "lower," "inner," and "outer," indicating orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the figures, or the orientation or positional relationships commonly used when the product is in use, are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed or operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on this application. It should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," and "connect" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two elements. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] Please refer to Figures 1-5 This utility model provides a directional heat dissipation fireproof battery packaging device, including a packaging box 1, a cavity provided inside the packaging box 1, a battery 2 placed inside the cavity, and the packaging box 1 is fixed to the mounting base 3 and fixedly installed inside the vehicle body through the mounting base 3.

[0042] The entire encapsulation box 1 is made of multiple layers of heat insulation material, which is used to prevent the flames and high-temperature airflow of the battery 2 inside from spreading to the external vehicle body structure when the battery 2 catches fire, thereby reducing the possibility of the vehicle body also catching fire due to the battery 2 catching fire.

[0043] To ensure the driver has some time to continue driving to a safe location even if battery 2 fails and catches fire, the vehicle's battery 2 is designed with at least two independently connected batteries 2. Each battery 2 is individually encapsulated in a fireproof enclosure 1. This allows the driver to continue driving a short distance to safety even if one battery 2 catches fire, powered by the other independently encapsulated batteries 2. The multiple batteries 2 encapsulated in the enclosure 1 protect the other batteries 2 from catching fire if one battery 2 does, reducing the number of batteries damaged and providing the driver with backup power, thus increasing evacuation time.

[0044] Among them, the multi-layer heat insulation material of the encapsulation box 1 is arranged from the inside of the box to the outside of the box as shell 101, heat insulation buffer layer 102, heat insulation fiber layer 103, heat insulation buffer layer 102, and shell 101.

[0045] The shell 101 is set as a relatively rigid rigid structure, the heat insulation buffer layer 102 is set as a relatively soft aerogel felt, and the heat insulation fiber layer 103 forms a fiber mesh structure through the ceramic fiber mesh surface. All three heat insulation materials can insulate against high temperatures (high temperature resistance above 1300℃).

[0046] A relatively rigid structure is set inside and outside the packaging box 1 to provide rigid support for the entire packaging box, and to provide collision protection for the internal battery 2 while also providing fireproof effect.

[0047] Because the battery 2 is encapsulated in the cavity of the encapsulation box 1, and the battery 2 is in a confined space, it is easy for it to catch fire and explode. In order to reduce the impact of the explosion on the outside, a soft and elastic aerogel felt is also installed inside the two hard shells. When the battery 2 explodes and damages the inner shell 101, it can buffer the impact of the explosion and reduce the possibility of it continuing to damage the outermost shell 101, thereby improving the stability and safety of the entire encapsulation box 1.

[0048] In addition, when the battery 2 explodes and the innermost rigid structure is destroyed, small and sharp explosive fragments can easily break through the heat insulation buffer layer 102, causing the aerogel felt to fail and the outermost rigid structure to expand, deform and break. Therefore, a heat insulation fiber layer 103 is also provided in the middle layer of the aerogel felt. The entire inner box is wrapped with ceramic fiber mesh. When small and sharp explosive fragments break through, they will be intercepted by the ceramic fiber mesh, reducing the possibility of them continuing to break through the aerogel felt layer and damage the outer shell 101, thereby improving the safety of the entire encapsulation box 1.

[0049] Furthermore, when the entire battery 2 is packaged in the packaging box 1, the replacement and installation of the battery 2 also need to be considered. Therefore, the packaging box 1 needs to be designed as a detachable structure to facilitate opening the cavity inside.

[0050] Therefore, the packaging box 1 includes a box body 12 and a box cover 11.

[0051] The housing 12 is fixed on the mounting base 3, and its top is set with a slot. The cover 11 is screwed into the slot on the top surface of the housing 12 by screw threads to close the slot and form a cavity.

[0052] Although the encapsulation box 1 is designed as a detachable structure, which facilitates the replacement and installation of the battery 2, there will be an installation gap at the joint between the box body 12 and the box cover 11. This gap allows the cavity to communicate with the external environment. When the battery 2 catches fire, it is easy for high temperature or even flames to leak out from the installation gap.

[0053] To address the aforementioned issues, in this embodiment, a thermal expansion component 13 is provided on the mating surface between the cover 11 and the body 12. When the battery 2 inside the enclosure 1 catches fire, its high temperature is conducted to the mounting gap. At this time, the thermal expansion component 13 at the mounting gap expands due to the high temperature, sealing the entire mating surface between the cover 11 and the body 12, thereby preventing the internal flames and heat from leaking out. Moreover, during safe use when the battery 2 does not catch fire, the thermal expansion component 13 remains unchanged, thus not affecting the disassembly and assembly of the cover 11 and the body 12, facilitating the installation and replacement of the battery 2.

[0054] Among them, the thermal expansion component 13 is set as an intumescent fireproof sealant. Under safe conditions, the intumescent fireproof sealant can completely fill the installation gap between the cover 11 and the body 12, and the fluid state has a low impact on the installation gap.

[0055] Furthermore, although encapsulating the battery 2 in the encapsulation box 1 can reduce the impact of the battery 2 on the outside, when the battery 2 catches fire, it will rapidly release a large amount of flammable gas and heat, which will increase the gas concentration and pressure inside the cavity. Under such circumstances, the gas pressure can easily squeeze the external encapsulation box 1, causing it to deform and be damaged, and it is also easy to explode, which is not safe. Therefore, after the battery 2 catches fire, the encapsulation box 1 needs to quickly discharge the gas inside the cavity to reduce the gas pressure and flammable gas concentration, thereby reducing the probability of the battery 2 exploding and weakening the combustion effect of the battery 2, thereby improving safety.

[0056] Therefore, an exhaust channel is also provided on the packaging box 1 to connect the cavity of the packaging box 1 and exhaust the gas inside the cavity when the battery 2 catches fire.

[0057] Since there are at least two independent batteries 2 in the vehicle body, there are at least two independent encapsulation boxes 1. Therefore, in the case of two encapsulation boxes 1, each encapsulation box 1 is respectively connected to an exhaust channel 4.

[0058] When the encapsulation box 1 is equipped with an exhaust channel, when the battery 2 catches fire, the flames and high-temperature gases produced will be discharged from the exhaust channel. These high-temperature gases and flames will have a certain impact on the external vehicle body. Therefore, the exhaust channel outlet position on each encapsulation box 1 needs to be set at the rear of the vehicle body so that these high-temperature gases and flames can be discharged from the rear of the vehicle body, reducing the damage to the vehicle body.

[0059] Therefore, please refer to... Figures 4-6 In this embodiment, two packaging boxes 1 are arranged side by side in parallel, and each of the two packaging boxes 1 is provided with an exhaust channel 4. The outlet direction of the exhaust channel 4 is the same (rear of the vehicle body).

[0060] In addition, the exhaust port of the exhaust channel 4 is set as a guide port 5, and the exhaust of the guide port 5 is directed towards the ground. Because the exhaust port of the exhaust channel 4 is located at the rear of the vehicle, when the exhaust gas flow rate is high, the airflow will be directly discharged to the outside of the rear of the vehicle through the exhaust channel 4 (the airflow jet distance is far), and the high-temperature airflow will not affect the rear structure of the vehicle. However, when the subsequent gas flow rate decreases, the high-temperature airflow will gradually be discharged upward when the airflow is discharged from the exhaust channel 4 (the flow rate decreases and the high-temperature gas rises). At this time, the high-temperature airflow is likely to come into contact with the rear of the vehicle, causing damage to the rear of the vehicle or even catching fire. Therefore, it is necessary to guide the airflow closer to the ground through the guide port 5 so that the high-temperature airflow will come into contact with the ground first, reducing its impact on the rear of the vehicle above.

[0061] It is worth noting that a one-way valve 41 is also provided in the exhaust channel 4 (the entire exhaust channel 4 is sealed by multiple one-way valves). The one-way valve 41 allows the airflow in the encapsulation box 1 to be discharged outwards, restricting the entry of external gas into the encapsulation box 1. Because the exhaust channel is close to the ground, when the vehicle is driving, external water vapor and stones and debris on the ground are easily carried by the airflow and drawn into the exhaust channel from the air inlet, entering the encapsulation box 1, which can easily damage the battery 2 inside. Therefore, the one-way flow principle of the one-way valve 41 (in this embodiment, the one-way valve is preferably set as a swing-type one-way valve to reduce the valve body structure and avoid the failure of the complex valve body under high temperature airflow) is used to prevent external airflow impurities from entering and improve the safety of the battery.

[0062] Furthermore, the battery 2 is not completely encapsulated in the enclosure 1. One end of the battery 2 also includes an external connector 21 for connecting to the external vehicle drive system to supply power to the vehicle. The external connector 21 extends out of the enclosure 1, is located on the outside, and is close to the exhaust channel. When the battery 2 catches fire, the high-pressure gas will be discharged first through the exhaust channel, instead of quickly burning the external connector 21, thereby slowing down the spread of the flame of the battery 2 and maintaining the safety of the enclosure 1.

[0063] Furthermore, when the battery 2 is placed inside the encapsulation box 1, because its position when it catches fire is not fixed, the accumulation position of high-pressure gas in the cavity of the encapsulation box 1 is also different. If the surface of the battery 2 is tightly attached to the inner surface of the cavity of the encapsulation box 1, the gas generated by the battery 2 is difficult to be discharged in time through the exhaust channel at one end of the encapsulation box 1, which can cause the battery 2 to form a sealed high-pressure environment and cause an explosion.

[0064] To solve the above problems, please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 6 In this embodiment, a partition 14 is fixedly provided between the inner surface of the cavity of the battery 2 and the encapsulation box 1. The partition 14 separates the surface of the battery 2 and the inner surface of the cavity of the encapsulation box 1, forming a gas space to communicate with the exhaust channel. When the battery 2 catches fire and burns, the gas it produces will be directly introduced into the exhaust channel and discharged, and will not accumulate inside the encapsulation box 1, thereby further reducing the possibility of the battery 2 exploding.

[0065] In addition, because the exhaust channel is located at one end of the cavity of the packaging box 1, when the high-pressure gas generated by the combustion of the battery 2 is applied to the other end of the cavity of the packaging box 1, it takes a certain amount of time for the high-pressure gas to be introduced into the exhaust channel at one end. During this period, the cavity of the packaging box 1 is prone to deformation and rupture due to prolonged pressure, thereby affecting the packaging safety of the packaging box 1.

[0066] To solve the above problems, please refer to Figures 2-3 In this embodiment, a collapse structure 15 is also fixedly provided on the inner surface of the cavity at the end of the packaging box 1 away from the exhaust channel. The collapse structure 15 is set as an elastic layer (such as a honeycomb panel or an elastic heat insulation cotton layer). When it is subjected to high air pressure, it can provide space buffer by collapsing its own structure, thereby reducing the pressure of the gas and protecting the interior of the packaging box 1 in a short time, thereby improving the packaging safety and stability of the packaging box 1.

[0067] For further details, please refer to... Figure 6In this embodiment, in order to enable the battery to be installed on the vehicle body to provide power and complete directional exhaust, the battery is set on the chassis of a traditional new energy vehicle (consistent with the existing new energy vehicle battery installation method). The mounting base 3 is fixed on the chassis. The external connector 21 of the battery is electrically connected to the drive motor in the rear of the vehicle body. The exhaust channel 4 is close to the rear of the vehicle body. The guide air port 5 of the exhaust channel 4 extends out of the lower chassis and faces the ground.

[0068] The various embodiments of this utility model have now been described in detail. To avoid obscuring the concept of this utility model, some details known in the art have not been described. Those skilled in the art will fully understand how to implement the technical solution of this utility model based on the above description. The scope of this utility model is defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A directional heat dissipation fireproof battery encapsulation device, comprising an encapsulation box (1), wherein a cavity is provided inside the encapsulation box (1), and a battery (2) is placed inside the cavity, the battery (2) being disposed in a vehicle body, characterized in that... ； At least two independently plugged-in batteries (2) are arranged side by side in the vehicle body, and each battery (2) is individually packaged by a packaging box (1). The encapsulation box (1) is composed of multiple layers of heat insulation material, which are arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside of the box as shell (101), heat insulation buffer layer (102), heat insulation fiber layer (103), heat insulation buffer layer (102), and shell (101). The encapsulation box (1) is configured as a detachable structure, and the detachable surface is provided with a thermal expansion component (13); The encapsulation box (1) is provided with an exhaust channel (4) that connects to the cavity of the encapsulation box (1) to exhaust the gas inside the cavity when the battery (2) catches fire. The exhaust channel (4) outlet position on each of the packaging boxes (1) is set at the rear of the vehicle body.

2. The directional heat dissipation fireproof battery encapsulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A partition (14) is also provided between the inner surface of the cavity of the battery (2) and the packaging box (1). The battery (2) is separated from the inner surface of the cavity of the packaging box (1) by the partition (14), and the cavity space is connected to the exhaust channel (4).

3. The directional heat dissipation fireproof battery encapsulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner surface of the cavity at the end of the encapsulation box (1) away from the exhaust channel is also provided with a layer of collapse structure (15); The collapse structure (15) is configured as an elastic layer.

4. The directional heat dissipation fireproof battery encapsulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shell (101) is made of steel and is a rigid structure; The heat insulation buffer layer (102) is set as an aerogel felt, which is an elastic structure; The heat-insulating fiber layer (103) is configured as a ceramic fiber mesh, which has a mesh structure.

5. The directional heat dissipation fireproof battery encapsulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The packaging box (1) includes a box body (12) and a box cover (11); The top of the box (12) is provided with a slot, and the box cover (11) is screwed to the slot on the top surface of the box (12) by screw threads, so that the slot is closed to form a cavity; A ring of thermal expansion components (13) is also provided on the mating surface of the box cover (11) and the box body (12).

6. The directional heat dissipation fireproof battery encapsulation device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The thermal expansion component (13) is configured as an intumescent fireproof sealant.

7. The directional heat dissipation fireproof battery encapsulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the packaging boxes (1) is provided with an exhaust channel (4), and the outlet of the exhaust channel (4) is set as a guide air port (5), with the air outlet of the guide air port (5) facing the ground.

8. The directional heat dissipation fireproof battery encapsulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A one-way valve (41) is provided in the exhaust channel (4); The one-way air valve (41) flows from the inside of the cavity of the encapsulation box (1) toward the outside of the cavity.

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