A trackside equipment data processing board

Abstract

This utility model discloses a data processing board for trackside equipment, belonging to the technical field of subway trackside equipment. It includes a data processing module, a soft-start output module, a power-down voltage monitoring module, an RTC real-time clock module with a first energy storage capacitor, a power supply module with a second energy storage capacitor, and a data interface module. The data processing module is electrically connected to the other modules. The power supply module provides the operating voltage to the board, and its second energy storage capacitor temporarily supplies power to the data processing module during brief external power outages to record the voltage status data at the moment of power failure. The first energy storage capacitor of the RTC real-time clock module maintains clock operation for a preset duration after power failure. This utility model solves the problems of easy data loss and clock failure during power failures in traditional boards. It features high structural integration, stable operation, and accurate recording of power-down fault conditions, meeting the data continuity requirements of subway trackside equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of subway trackside equipment technology, and in particular to a trackside equipment data processing board. Background Technology

[0002] The trackside equipment data processing board is the core edge computing hardware of the rail transit operation and maintenance system. It is installed in the equipment box along the track and is responsible for collecting, processing and forwarding data from trackside sensors and control equipment to support safe train operation, automatic driving and intelligent operation and maintenance. Its operational stability directly affects the processing and storage of key data of rail transit equipment.

[0003] Currently, existing data processing boards for subway trackside equipment have the following shortcomings: First, the power-off protection mechanism is imperfect. Most boards can only achieve simple power-off reset and cannot maintain the operation of the data processing module after a brief power outage. They also cannot record the voltage and key interface data status at the moment of power failure, resulting in the loss of system status data and key operational data related to power failure during operation. This fails to meet the needs of equipment operation for troubleshooting power failure, analyzing its own abnormal status, and saving key data. Second, the backup capability of the real-time clock (RTC) circuit is insufficient. It cannot maintain clock operation for a long time after a power failure, resulting in the inability to accurately record the power failure time, affecting the integrity and traceability of key data. Third, the output function is mostly implemented using traditional relays. When the relay is turned on, there are problems such as contact bounce, slow response speed, and high power consumption. Frequent start-stop can easily lead to contact wear, reducing the service life of the board. At the same time, it cannot realize the soft start output function. The inrush current at the moment of power-on can easily damage the load equipment and affect the continuity of equipment operation.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, there is an urgent need to design a data processing board for subway trackside equipment that features power-off voltage monitoring, long-term RTC backup, and soft-start output functions, in order to improve the operational stability and security of the data processing board. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a data processing board for trackside equipment.

[0006] The purpose of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solution: a trackside equipment data processing board, including a data processing module, wherein the data processing module is connected to a soft start output module, a power failure voltage monitoring module, an RTC clock module, a power supply module and a data interface module;

[0007] The soft-start output module includes an RC delay circuit built with MOSFETs, used to provide soft-start output for external load devices;

[0008] The power failure voltage monitoring module is used to monitor the power supply voltage in real time;

[0009] The backup power interface of the RTC clock module is connected to a first energy storage capacitor, which is used to maintain the clock operation for a preset duration after the data processing board loses power.

[0010] The power supply module includes a second energy storage capacitor, which provides operating voltage to the data processing board. The second energy storage capacitor provides temporary power to the data processing module when the external power supply is briefly lost, so as to maintain the voltage status data recorded by the data processing module at the moment of power failure.

[0011] The data interface module is used to receive feedback signals from each module, output function commands, and store voltage status data at the moment of power failure.

[0012] The data processing module uses a single-chip microcomputer, specifically the MC9S12XEP100MAG, to receive feedback signals from various modules, output function commands, achieve overall control of the entire board, and store voltage and external interface status data at the moment of power failure.

[0013] Preferably, the soft-start output module includes a P-MOS transistor, a voltage divider resistor, a delay capacitor, a Zener diode, and a bleeder transistor. The source of the P-MOS transistor is electrically connected to the output terminal of the power supply module, the drain of the P-MOS transistor is electrically connected to an external load device through a data interface module, and the gate of the P-MOS transistor is connected to the I / O port of the data processing module and ground through the voltage divider resistor. The delay capacitor is connected in parallel between the gate of the P-MOS transistor and ground. The Zener diode is connected in parallel between the gate and source of the P-MOS transistor to protect the P-MOS transistor from overvoltage damage. The collector of the bleeder transistor is connected to the power supply, and the emitter of the bleeder transistor is connected to the gate of the P-MOS transistor for quickly turning off the P-MOS transistor.

[0014] The working principle of the soft-start output module is as follows: After the data processing module outputs a function signal, an RC time constant circuit composed of a voltage divider resistor and a delay capacitor is used to slowly turn on the P-MOS transistor, thereby driving other load devices to start slowly and avoiding damage to the equipment from the power-on inrush current. The RC time constant can be adjusted by adjusting the parameters of the voltage divider resistor and the delay capacitor. Typically, a soft-start time of tens of milliseconds is selected to meet the soft-start requirements while preventing damage to the MOS transistor due to excessive power consumption caused by a long conduction time. Simultaneously, the P-MOS transistor has the advantages of low on-resistance and simple driving, effectively reducing board power consumption and extending its service life. The bleeder transistor can quickly increase the gate voltage, achieving a rapid turn-off effect for the P-MOS transistor and also preventing it from burning out.

[0015] Preferably, the power-down voltage monitoring module includes a voltage acquisition unit, a voltage comparator, and an optocoupler; the input terminal of the voltage acquisition unit is connected to the output terminal of the power supply module, and the output terminal of the voltage acquisition unit is connected to the input terminal of the voltage comparator; the output terminal of the voltage comparator is connected to the input terminal of the optocoupler; the output terminal of the optocoupler is connected to the interrupt interface of the data processing module, and is used to send an interrupt signal to the data processing module when the power supply voltage is lower than a preset threshold.

[0016] Preferably, the RTC clock module uses a real-time clock chip with trickle charging function, and the real-time clock chip is connected to the data processing module via I2C communication.

[0017] The real-time clock chip is DS1338Z, which is connected to the data processing module via I2C communication. The RTC clock module is equipped with an independent backup power interface, and a supercapacitor or backup battery is connected to the interface to maintain the clock operation after the board loses power, and the maintenance time is not less than 7 days.

[0018] The working principle of the RTC clock module is as follows: Under normal power supply, the power supply module supplies power to the RTC chip and simultaneously charges the backup energy storage element through a trickle charging circuit; when the board loses power, the backup energy storage element supplies power to the RTC chip to ensure continuous clock operation. The data processing module can read the time data of the RTC chip at any time and combine it with the power failure voltage record to achieve accurate time tracking of power failure events, meeting the needs of status and fault time location during equipment operation; the backup time can be guaranteed by adjusting the capacity of the backup energy storage element. According to the capacitor energy storage calculation formula, selecting a suitable capacity of farad capacitor can achieve more than 7 days of power failure maintenance.

[0019] Preferably, the power supply module further includes a DC-DC conversion unit, a boost conversion unit, and an isolated power supply; the DC-DC conversion unit is used to convert an external DC voltage into a first DC voltage; the input terminal of the boost conversion unit is connected to the output terminal of the DC-DC conversion unit; the second energy storage capacitor is connected in parallel to the input terminal of the boost conversion unit, and the output terminal of the boost conversion unit is connected to the isolated power supply.

[0020] Preferably, the data interface module includes a device interface, a host computer communication interface, and a debugging interface; the device interface adopts a terminal block design for connecting subway trackside load equipment (such as sensors, indicator lights, switches, motors, etc.); the host computer communication interface adopts an RS485 interface or an Ethernet interface for communication between the data processing module and the host computer, uploading power-down voltage data, RTC time data, and data interface data, and receiving control commands from the host computer; the debugging interface adopts an RS232 interface and a program download interface for downloading, debugging, and troubleshooting the board program.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0022] 1) This invention achieves data retention and status recording after a brief power outage, preventing the loss of critical data: It incorporates a power supply module with a second energy storage capacitor (such as a farad capacitor), which works in conjunction with the data processing module and the power-down voltage monitoring module. When the external power supply experiences a brief outage, the second energy storage capacitor temporarily powers the data processing module, maintaining its normal operation. Simultaneously, the power-down voltage monitoring module detects the voltage drop in real time and triggers an interrupt, enabling the data processing module to record the voltage status data and interface data at the moment of power failure promptly and completely. This solution overcomes the shortcomings of traditional boards that can only reset upon power failure and cannot save data from the power-down situation, providing complete data support for subsequent fault diagnosis and status analysis.

[0023] 2) Achieves smooth, soft-start of load equipment, significantly improving system stability and lifespan: This invention employs a soft-start output module, which utilizes a MOSFET to build an RC delay circuit. Compared to traditional relay output solutions, MOSFETs have no mechanical contacts, eliminating problems such as contact bounce, slow response speed, high power consumption, and contact wear caused by frequent start-stop cycles. More importantly, the RC delay circuit allows the output voltage slope to increase, effectively suppressing the inrush current at power-on, achieving smooth, soft-start of external load equipment, thereby protecting the load equipment from damage and extending the overall lifespan of the data processing board and connected railside equipment.

[0024] 3) Provides long-term, reliable clock maintenance capability during power outages, ensuring accurate time tracking: This utility model is equipped with an RTC clock module, whose backup power interface is connected to an independent first energy storage capacitor (such as a farad capacitor). When the board is working normally, the power supply module can charge this energy storage capacitor; after the board loses power, this energy storage capacitor can continuously supply power to the RTC chip, maintaining clock operation for a preset duration (e.g., no less than 7 days). This ensures that the data processing module can read accurate time information, thereby accurately recording the moment of power outage events and meeting the stringent requirements for the integrity and traceability of critical data in rail transit operation and maintenance.

[0025] 4) This utility model organically integrates a data processing module, a soft-start output module, a power failure voltage monitoring module, a power supply module with dual energy storage capacitors (providing backup power for the data processing module and the RTC module respectively), and a rich set of data interface modules. The modules work together: the power supply module ensures basic operation and temporary power supply; the power failure monitoring module provides trigger signals; the data processing module coordinates recording; the RTC module provides a time reference; the soft-start module ensures load safety; and the data interface modules enable information exchange. The entire solution has a high degree of integration and stable operation, comprehensively solving the pain points of traditional trackside equipment such as poor operational stability of data processing boards, data loss during power failures, and insufficient RTC backup time. It perfectly adapts to the diverse needs of subway trackside equipment for data acquisition, status monitoring, and fault diagnosis. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall modular structure of this utility model;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit principle of the soft-start output module of this utility model;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit principle of the power failure voltage monitoring module of this utility model;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit principle of the RTC clock module of this utility model;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit principle of the power supply module of this utility model;

[0031] In the diagram, 1 is the data processing module; 2 is the soft-start output module; 3 is the power-down voltage monitoring module; 4 is the RTC clock module; 5 is the power supply module; and 6 is the data interface module. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solution of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0033] See Figures 1-5 This utility model provides a data processing board for trackside equipment: such as Figure 1As shown, the board includes a data processing module 1, a soft-start output module 2, a power-down voltage monitoring module 3, an RTC clock module 4, a power supply module 5, and a data interface module 6. The data processing module 1 is electrically connected to the soft-start output module 2, the power-down voltage monitoring module 3, the RTC clock module 4, the power supply module 5, and the data interface module 6. The power supply module 5 provides a stable operating voltage for the entire board. The data interface module 6 is used to connect to other external subway trackside equipment and a host computer to realize signal interaction and command transmission.

[0034] In this embodiment, the data processing module 1 uses the MC9S12XEP100MAG microcontroller. This microcontroller is cost-effective, has low power consumption, and rich interfaces. It has IO control, ADC acquisition, interrupt control and I2C communication functions. It can efficiently receive feedback signals from each module, output function instructions, and coordinate the operation of the entire board. At the same time, it stores the voltage status data and RTC time data at the moment of power failure, providing data support for fault analysis and critical status analysis.

[0035] like Figure 2 As shown, the soft-start output module 2 uses a P-MOS transistor Q24 (model BSO613SPVG) instead of a traditional relay. This P-MOS transistor has low on-resistance and is easy to drive, which can effectively reduce the power consumption of the board. The soft-start output module 2 also includes voltage divider resistors (R21=10kΩ, R22=20kΩ), a delay capacitor (C23=3.3μF), and a Zener diode Z21 (model 1N4733). The source (S) of the P-MOS transistor Q24 is electrically connected to the 24V output terminal of the power supply module 5, and the drain (D) is connected to the external power supply module 5 through the device interface 61 of the data interface module 6. The gate (G) of the P-MOS transistor Q24 is electrically connected to the I / O port of the data processing module 1 through the voltage divider resistor R22 and transistor Q21. The delay capacitor C23 is connected in parallel between the gate (G) of the P-MOS transistor Q24 and ground. The Zener diode 24 is connected in parallel between the gate (G) and the source (S) of the P-MOS transistor Q24 to limit the voltage between the gate and the source, so as to prevent the P-MOS transistor Q24 from being damaged due to overvoltage. The discharge circuit keeps the gate (G) and the source (S) of the P-MOS transistor Q24 at the same voltage through transistors Q22 and Q23, so as to achieve the function of quickly turning off the MOS transistor.

[0036] The specific working process of the soft-start output module 2 is as follows: When the board is powered on, the data processing module 1 outputs a high-level control signal, the emitter and collector of transistor Q21 are turned on, and the 24V power supply charges the delay capacitor C23 through the voltage divider resistor R22. In the initial state, the delay capacitor C23 is not charged, Vgs=0, and the P-MOS transistor Q24 is in the off state. As the delay capacitor C23 gradually charges, the gate (G) voltage gradually decreases. When the gate-source voltage (Vgs) is lower than the threshold voltage (-1.3V) of the P-MOS transistor Q24, the P-MOS transistor Q24 begins to slowly turn on, and other load devices are slowly powered on. A soft start is achieved; after the delay capacitor C23 has finished charging, Vgs stabilizes at around -8V, the P-MOS transistor Q24 is fully turned on, the output voltage is stable, and the soft start process is complete. The soft start time is adjusted by the parameters of the voltage divider resistor and the delay capacitor. In this embodiment, the soft start time is set to 100ms. According to the calculation of the first-order RC charging circuit, 3τ=100ms, τ=33.3ms, and R2=20kΩ is selected. C1=τ / R2=1.665μF. A standard 3.3μF capacitor is selected, which can meet the soft start requirements and at the same time avoid the MOS transistor from being damaged due to excessive power consumption caused by excessive conduction time.

[0037] like Figure 3 As shown, the power-down voltage monitoring module 3 includes a voltage acquisition unit U31 and a voltage comparator U32 (model LM393). The voltage acquisition unit uses a resistor divider circuit (R31=60kΩ, R32=10kΩ), with its input terminal electrically connected to the 24V input terminal of the power supply module 5 and its output terminal connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the voltage comparator. The inverting input terminal of the voltage comparator U32 is connected to a reference voltage (provided by voltage divider resistors R33 and R34, a 3V reference voltage), and its output terminal is connected to the input of the optocoupler U33. When the input diode of the optocoupler is turned on, the output terminal outputs a high level, which is connected to the interrupt of the data processing module. When the acquired power supply voltage is lower than 18V (threshold), the optocoupler U34 outputs a high level, sending an interrupt signal to the data processing module 1.

[0038] like Figure 4As shown, the RTC clock module 4 uses the DS1338Z real-time clock chip, which is highly accurate, has low power consumption, and features trickle charging. It communicates with the data processing module 1 via I2C to read and set time data. The BAT pin (backup power interface) of the RTC clock module 4 is connected to a 1.5F farad capacitor to power the RTC chip after the board loses power. During normal power supply, the power supply module 5 powers the RTC chip and simultaneously charges the farad capacitor C41 through the current-limiting resistor R41, diodes D41 and D42 charging circuit. When the board loses power, the farad capacitor powers the RTC chip. According to the capacitor energy storage calculation formula, the 1.5F farad capacitor can maintain the normal operation of the RTC chip for no less than 7 days, ensuring continuous clock operation. The data processing module 1 can read the time data of the RTC chip at any time and, combined with the power failure voltage record, achieve accurate time tracing of power failure events.

[0039] like Figure 5 As shown, the power supply module 5 includes a DC-DC converter unit U51 (model DC-DC-24V-3A), a boost converter U52 (model TPS61023DRLR), and an isolation power supply U53 (DC-DC-5V-1A). The DC-DC converter unit U51 converts the external 24V DC voltage to 5V DC voltage. The boost converter U52 boosts the input DC voltage, which is stepped down by diodes D51, D52, and D53, to 5V DC voltage. The DC 5V voltage powers other modules. The isolation power supply U53 provides isolated DC 5V ISO power to the voltage monitoring unit. The supercapacitor energy storage unit C51 uses a 2F supercapacitor, which is connected in parallel with the input terminal of the boost converter U32 through a current-limiting resistor and a diode. Under normal power supply, the supercapacitor is charged to about 4.3V. When the power supply module 5 loses power briefly, the supercapacitor releases energy to provide temporary power to other modules, maintain the normal operation of the microcontroller, and ensure that the data processing module 1 records the voltage status data at the moment of power failure in a timely manner to avoid data loss.

[0040] Data interface module 6 includes a device interface, a host computer communication interface, and a debugging interface. The device interface uses a 3P terminal block to connect to other load devices along the subway track, enabling data interaction between the board and other devices. The host computer communication interface uses an RS485 interface (chip model MAX485) to enable communication between data processing module 1 and the host computer, uploading power-down voltage data, RTC time data, and board operating status, and receiving control commands from the host computer (such as soft-start time adjustment and voltage threshold setting). The debugging interface uses an RS232 interface and a download interface for downloading, debugging, and troubleshooting the board program, facilitating future maintenance and function upgrades.

[0041] The working process of this utility model is as follows: After the board is powered on, the power supply module 5 completes voltage conversion and filtering to provide stable power supply to each module; after the data processing module 1 is initialized, it controls the soft start output module 2 to work, and through the slow conduction of P-MOS transistor Q24, it realizes the soft start of other external load devices to avoid damage to the equipment by inrush current; the power failure voltage monitoring module 3 monitors the input voltage of the power supply module 5 in real time. When the voltage is lower than the set threshold, it sends an interrupt signal to the data processing module 1. The data processing module 1 immediately starts the power failure processing program, records the current voltage status data and key operating data, and at the same time, the farad capacitor energy storage unit C51... Provides temporary power to other modules to ensure complete data recording; RTC clock module 4 runs continuously, recording the current time, and is powered by a backup supercapacitor after a power outage, maintaining clock operation for more than 7 days; data processing module 1 uploads power-down voltage data, RTC time data, and board operating status to the host computer via the host computer communication interface for operation and maintenance personnel to observe and analyze, and simultaneously receives control commands from the host computer to adjust board operating parameters; during operation, if a power outage occurs, operation and maintenance personnel can view key process data, voltage data, and power outage time at the moment of power failure through the host computer, and combine this with the board operating status to complete fault diagnosis and key data tracing.

Claims

1. A wayside device data processing board, characterized by: It includes a data processing module, which is connected to a soft-start output module, a power-down voltage monitoring module, an RTC clock module, a power supply module, and a data interface module; The soft-start output module includes an RC delay circuit built with MOSFETs, used to provide soft-start output for external load devices; The power failure voltage monitoring module is used to monitor the power supply voltage in real time; The backup power interface of the RTC clock module is connected to a first energy storage capacitor, which is used to maintain the clock operation for a preset duration after the data processing board loses power. The power supply module includes a second energy storage capacitor, which provides operating voltage to the data processing board. The second energy storage capacitor provides temporary power to the data processing module when the external power supply is briefly lost, so as to maintain the voltage status data recorded by the data processing module at the moment of power failure. The data interface module is used to receive feedback signals from each module, output function commands, and store voltage status data at the moment of power failure.

2. The wayside equipment data processing board of claim 1, wherein: The soft-start output module includes a P-MOS transistor, a voltage divider resistor, a delay capacitor, a Zener diode, and a bleeder transistor. The source of the P-MOS transistor is electrically connected to the output terminal of the power supply module, the drain of the P-MOS transistor is electrically connected to an external load device through a data interface module, and the gate of the P-MOS transistor is connected to the I / O port of the data processing module and ground through the voltage divider resistor. The delay capacitor is connected in parallel between the gate of the P-MOS transistor and ground. The Zener diode is connected in parallel between the gate and source of the P-MOS transistor to protect the P-MOS transistor from overvoltage damage. The collector of the bleeder transistor is connected to the power supply, and the emitter of the bleeder transistor is connected to the gate of the P-MOS transistor for rapid shutdown of the P-MOS transistor.

3. The wayside equipment data processing board of claim 1, wherein: The power-down voltage monitoring module includes a voltage acquisition unit, a voltage comparator, and an optocoupler. The input of the voltage acquisition unit is connected to the output of the power supply module, and the output of the voltage acquisition unit is connected to the input of the voltage comparator. The output of the voltage comparator is connected to the input of the optocoupler. The output of the optocoupler is connected to the interrupt interface of the data processing module, and is used to send an interrupt signal to the data processing module when the power supply voltage is lower than a preset threshold.

4. The wayside equipment data processing board of claim 1, wherein: The RTC clock module uses a real-time clock chip with trickle charging function, and the real-time clock chip is connected to the data processing module via I2C communication.

5. The wayside equipment data processing board of claim 1, wherein: The power supply module further includes a DC-DC conversion unit, a boost conversion unit, and an isolated power supply; the DC-DC conversion unit is used to convert an external DC voltage into a first DC voltage; the input terminal of the boost conversion unit is connected to the output terminal of the DC-DC conversion unit; the second energy storage capacitor is connected in parallel to the input terminal of the boost conversion unit, and the output terminal of the boost conversion unit is connected to the isolated power supply.

6. The wayside equipment data processing board of claim 1, wherein: The data interface module includes a device interface, a host computer communication interface, and a debugging interface; the device interface adopts a terminal block design for connecting subway trackside load equipment; the host computer communication interface adopts an RS485 interface or an Ethernet interface; the debugging interface adopts an RS232 interface and a program download interface.

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