Motor controllers, electric drive systems and vehicles

Abstract

This disclosure provides a motor controller, an electric drive system, and a vehicle, relating to the field of motor technology. A motor controller includes: a heat exchange assembly including a heat exchange plate; and a power assembly including multiple power modules disposed on the heat exchange plate. Each power module includes a circuit board, a power circuit disposed on the circuit board, a first input terminal, a second input terminal, and an output terminal. The power circuit is used to apply the voltage of the first input terminal and the second input terminal to the output terminal. The circuit board has a first plate end and a second plate end disposed opposite to each other. The first input terminal and the second input terminal are disposed on the first plate end, and the output terminal is disposed on the second plate end and used for electrical connection with a motor. The distance from the first plate end to the heat exchange plate is smaller than the distance from the second plate end to the heat exchange plate. This improves the output current capacity of the motor controller.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of electric motor technology, and more specifically, to an electric motor controller, an electric drive system, and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] In electric vehicles, the motor operates under the control of a motor controller to achieve functions such as starting, stopping, steering, and speed regulation.

[0003] The existing motor controller has high thermal resistance, which affects the output capacity.

[0004] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the background section above is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This disclosure provides a motor controller, an electric drive system, and a vehicle that can improve the output capacity of the motor controller.

[0006] According to a first aspect of this disclosure, a motor controller is provided, comprising:

[0007] Heat exchange components, including heat exchange plates;

[0008] A power assembly includes multiple power modules disposed on the heat exchange plate. Each power module includes a circuit board, a power circuit disposed on the circuit board, a first input terminal, a second input terminal, and an output terminal. The power circuit is used to apply the voltage of the first input terminal and the second input terminal to the output terminal. The circuit board has a first plate end and a second plate end disposed opposite to each other. The first input terminal and the second input terminal are disposed on the first plate end, and the output terminal is disposed on the second plate end and is used for electrical connection with a motor. The distance from the first plate end to the heat exchange plate is smaller than the distance from the second plate end to the heat exchange plate.

[0009] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the circuit board is welded to the heat exchange plate.

[0010] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the heat exchange assembly further includes a heat exchange housing having a heat exchange cavity, and the heat exchange plates are stacked on the heat exchange housing and used to seal the heat exchange cavity.

[0011] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the heat exchange assembly further includes a plurality of heat exchange plates connected to and spaced apart from the heat exchange plate, the heat exchange plates extending into the heat exchange cavity.

[0012] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the number of first input terminals of the same power module is multiple, and a second input terminal is provided between two adjacent first input terminals.

[0013] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the motor has three different terminals, the number of power modules is three, the first input terminals of the power circuits of the three power modules are electrically connected to each other, the second input terminals of the power circuits of the three power modules are electrically connected to each other, the output terminal of the power circuit of one power module is electrically connected to one of the terminals, and the output terminals of the power circuits of the three power modules are respectively electrically connected to different terminals.

[0014] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the power circuit includes a first switching sub-circuit and a second switching sub-circuit;

[0015] Wherein, the first end of the first switch sub-circuit is electrically connected to the first input terminal, the second end of the first switch sub-circuit is electrically connected to the output terminal, and the first switch sub-circuit is used to turn on in response to the first control signal;

[0016] The first terminal of the second switch sub-circuit is electrically connected to the second input terminal, and the second terminal of the second switch sub-circuit is electrically connected to the output terminal. The second switch sub-circuit is turned on in response to the second control signal.

[0017] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the first switch sub-circuit includes a plurality of first switch units, the first poles of each first switch unit are electrically connected to each other, the second poles of each first switch unit are electrically connected to each other, the first pole of the first switch unit is electrically connected to the first input terminal, the second pole of the first switch unit is electrically connected to the output terminal, and the first switch unit is used to turn on in response to the first control signal;

[0018] The second switch sub-circuit includes a plurality of second switch units. The first poles of each second switch unit are electrically connected to each other, and the second poles of each second switch unit are electrically connected to each other. The first pole of each second switch unit is electrically connected to the second input terminal, and the second pole of each second switch unit is electrically connected to the output terminal. The second switch unit is used to turn on in response to the second control signal.

[0019] According to a second aspect of this disclosure, an electric drive system is provided, including a battery, a motor, a drive board, and a motor controller as described in any of the above embodiments;

[0020] The battery is connected to the motor controller and is used to provide DC power to the motor controller.

[0021] The drive board is connected to the motor controller and is used to provide the motor controller with a first control signal and a second control signal;

[0022] The motor is connected to the motor controller and is used to operate under the control of the motor controller.

[0023] According to a third aspect of this disclosure, a vehicle is provided, including the electric drive system described in any of the above embodiments.

[0024] The power circuit allows for the selective application of voltages from the first and second input terminals to the output terminals, providing multiple phases of AC power (e.g., two-phase or three-phase AC) to drive the motor. In this embodiment, the distance between the first plate end and the heat exchange plate is smaller than that between the second plate end and the heat exchange plate, resulting in a lower thermal resistance at the first plate end compared to the second plate end. This leads to a lower junction temperature at the first plate end, which improves the current output capacity of the motor controller. Furthermore, placing the power components on the heat exchange plate facilitates cooling of the electronic components within the power components, thereby enhancing the system stability of the motor controller.

[0025] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not intended to limit this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this disclosure. It is obvious that the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this disclosure, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any inventive effort.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a motor controller in one embodiment of the present disclosure, intended to illustrate the tilted arrangement of the power components.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a power module in one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0029] Figure 3 This is an equivalent circuit diagram of the power circuit of the power module in one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] Figure 4 The present invention provides an equivalent circuit diagram of the first switch sub-circuit in one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] Figure 5 This is an equivalent circuit diagram of the second switch sub-circuit in one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0033] 1. Heat exchange assembly; 11. Heat exchange plate; 12. Heat exchange shell; 121. Heat exchange cavity; 13. Heat exchange plate; 2. Power assembly; 21. Power module; 211. Circuit board; 2111. First board end; 2112. Second board end; 22. First switch sub-circuit; 221. First switch unit; 23. Second switch sub-circuit; 231. Second switch unit; IN1. First input terminal; IN2. Second input terminal; OUT. Output terminal; LM1. First parasitic total inductance; LM11. First parasitic inductance; LM2. Second parasitic total inductance; LM21. Second parasitic inductance; LX. Auxiliary parasitic inductance; GS1. First control signal; GS2. Second control signal. Detailed Implementation

[0034] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, they are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar structures, and therefore detailed descriptions of them will be omitted. Furthermore, the drawings are merely illustrative of this disclosure and are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0035] Although relative terms such as "up" and "down" are used in this specification to describe the relative relationship of one component of an icon to another, these terms are used only for convenience, such as according to the orientation of the examples shown in the accompanying drawings. It is understood that if the device of the icon is flipped upside down, the component described as "up" will become the component described as "down." When a structure is "up" of another structure, it may mean that the structure is integrally formed on the other structure, or that the structure is "directly" mounted on the other structure, or that the structure is "indirectly" mounted on the other structure through another structure.

[0036] The terms “a,” “one,” “the,” “the,” and “at least one” are used to indicate the presence of one or more elements / components / etc.; the terms “including” and “having” are used to indicate an open-ended inclusion and to mean that there may be other elements / components / etc. in addition to the listed elements / components / etc.; the terms “first,” “second,” and “third,” etc., are used only as markers and are not a limitation on the number of objects.

[0037] This disclosure provides a motor controller for converting direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC) to control the operation of a motor. See also... Figure 1 and Figure 2The motor controller may include a heat exchange component 1 and a power component 2. The heat exchange component 1 includes a heat exchange plate 11 for heat exchange, such as heat dissipation, of the power component 2. The power component 2 includes multiple power modules 21 disposed on the heat exchange plate 11. Each power module 21 includes a circuit board 211, a power circuit disposed on the circuit board 211, a first input terminal IN1, a second input terminal IN2, and an output terminal OUT. The power circuit applies the voltages from the first input terminal IN1 and the second input terminal IN2 to the output terminal OUT. The first input terminal IN1 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the battery, and the second input terminal IN2 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the battery. The circuit board 211 has a first end 2111 and a second end 2112 disposed opposite to each other. The first input terminal IN1 and the second input terminal IN2 are disposed on the first end 2111, and the output terminal OUT is disposed on the second end 2112. The distance between the first end 2111 and the heat exchange plate 11 is smaller than the distance between the second end 2112 and the heat exchange plate 11. In other words, the circuit board 211 is inclined on the heat exchange plate 11, and the distance between the circuit board 211 and the heat exchange plate 11 increases sequentially along the direction from the first end 2111 to the second end 2112.

[0038] Thus, the voltages of the first input terminal IN1 and the second input terminal IN2 can be selectively applied to the output terminal OUT through the power circuit, so as to provide the motor with multiple AC currents of different phases (e.g., two-phase AC current, three-phase AC current) to drive the motor. In the embodiments of this disclosure, since the distance from the first plate end 2111 to the heat exchange plate 11 is smaller than the distance from the second plate end 2112 to the heat exchange plate 11, the thermal resistance of the first plate end 2111 is reduced compared to the thermal resistance of the second plate end 2112, thereby reducing the junction temperature of the first plate end 2111, which is beneficial to improving the output current capacity of the motor controller (since the junction temperature is detrimental to the lifespan and normal operation of electronic components, it will affect the output current capacity). In addition, by placing the power component 2 on the heat exchange plate 11, it is beneficial to cool the electronic components in the power component 2, thereby improving the system stability of the motor controller.

[0039] In one embodiment of this disclosure, see Figure 1 The circuit board 211 is soldered to the heat exchange plate 11, and solder is present between the circuit board 211 and the heat exchange plate 11. Thus, by soldering the circuit board 211 to the heat exchange plate 11, it is beneficial to ensure that the solder thickness at the first plate end 2111 is less than the solder thickness at the second plate end 2112, thereby helping to reduce the thermal resistance of the second plate end 2112. In some other embodiments of this disclosure, the circuit board 211 can be bonded to the heat exchange plate 11 with thermally conductive adhesive.

[0040] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the motor has three different terminals (e.g., the U, V, and W terminals of the motor). See also Figure 3 The power modules 21 can be three in number. The first input terminals IN1 of the power circuits of the three power modules 21 are electrically connected to each other, and the second input terminals IN2 of the power circuits of the three power modules 21 are electrically connected to each other. The output terminal OUT of the power circuit of one power module 21 is electrically connected to a terminal, and the output terminals OUT of the power circuits of the three power modules 21 are respectively electrically connected to different terminals. In this way, three-phase AC power can be provided to the motor to drive it, reducing the iron loss of the motor and improving its efficiency.

[0041] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the number of first input terminals IN1 of the same power module 21 is multiple, and a second input terminal IN2 is provided between two adjacent first input terminals IN1. For example, see... Figure 2 The power module 21 has two first input terminals IN1, which are spaced apart on the first board end 2111. A second input terminal IN2 is located between the two first input terminals IN1. By using two first input terminals IN1, the current from the battery's positive terminal can be shared, improving current handling capacity and heat dissipation. Furthermore, if one first input terminal IN1 fails, the other first input terminal IN1 can still function normally, thus improving the reliability of the power component 2.

[0042] In one embodiment of this disclosure, see Figure 3 The power circuit includes a first switching sub-circuit 22 and a second switching sub-circuit 23. The first terminal of the first switching sub-circuit 22 is electrically connected to the first input terminal IN1, and the second terminal is electrically connected to the output terminal OUT. The first switching sub-circuit 22 is turned on in response to a first control signal GS1. The first terminal of the second switching sub-circuit 23 is electrically connected to the second input terminal IN2, and the second terminal is electrically connected to the output terminal OUT. The second switching sub-circuit 23 is turned on in response to a second control signal GS2. Thus, within the same power module 21, and at the same time period, the first switching sub-circuit 22 and the second switching sub-circuit 23 can be selectively turned on, applying the voltages of the first input terminal IN1 and the second input terminal IN2 to the output terminal OUT, thereby providing AC power of different phases to the motor and driving the motor to operate.

[0043] In one embodiment of this disclosure, see Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5The first switching sub-circuit 22 includes multiple first switching units 221. The first poles of each first switching unit 221 are electrically connected to each other, and the second poles of each first switching unit 221 are electrically connected to each other. The first pole of each first switching unit 221 is electrically connected to the first input terminal IN1, and the second pole of each first switching unit 221 is electrically connected to the output terminal OUT. The first switching unit 221 is turned on in response to the first control signal GS1. The second switching sub-circuit 23 includes multiple second switching units 231. The first poles of each second switching unit 231 are electrically connected to each other, and the second poles of each second switching unit 231 are electrically connected to each other. The first pole of each second switching unit 231 is electrically connected to the second input terminal IN2, and the second pole of each second switching unit 231 is electrically connected to the output terminal OUT. The second switching unit 231 is turned on in response to the second control signal GS2. For example, the number of first switching units 221 and second switching units 231 can be two, three, four, etc., as long as the voltage of the first input terminal IN1 or the voltage of the second input terminal IN2 is applied to the output terminal OUT.

[0044] In one embodiment of this disclosure, at least one of the first switching unit 221 and the second switching unit 231 may be one of an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET), or a high electron mobility transistor (HEMT).

[0045] In one embodiment of this disclosure, see Figures 3-5 Taking the first switching sub-circuit 22, which includes four parallel first switching units 221, and the second switching sub-circuit 23, which includes four parallel second switching units 231, as an example, where the first switching units 221 and 231 are SiC MOSFETs (silicon carbide MOSFETs), they feature low loss and high voltage withstand capability. The first switching unit 221 and the second switching unit 231 each have a source, a drain, and a gate. See also... Figure 4 When using non-Kelvin drive, parasitic inductances will be generated at the sources of the first switching unit 221 and the second switching unit 231, namely the first parasitic inductance LM11 and the second parasitic inductance LM21. See Figure 3The power circuit of the same power module 21 has two bridge arms (i.e., an upper bridge arm and a lower bridge arm). The upper bridge arm is composed of a first switching sub-circuit 22, and the lower bridge arm is composed of a second switching sub-circuit 23. The upper bridge arm is located at the second board end 2112, and the lower bridge arm is located at the first board end 2111. The parasitic total inductance of the upper bridge arm consists of a first parasitic total inductance LM1 and an auxiliary parasitic inductance LX. The first parasitic total inductance LM1 is a plurality of first parasitic inductors LM11 connected in parallel in the first switching sub-circuit 22. The parasitic total inductance of the lower bridge arm is a second parasitic total inductance LM2, which is a plurality of second parasitic inductors LM21 connected in parallel in the second switching sub-circuit 23. The first switching unit 221 and the second switching unit 231 are Vgs' = Vgs - L * di / dt, where Vgs' is the actual gate-source voltage difference, Vgs is the theoretical gate-source voltage difference, L is the value of the first parasitic total inductance LM1 or the value of the second parasitic total inductance LM2, and di / dt is the rate of change of current.

[0046] For the upper bridge arm, since the motor current is sinusoidal, di / dt is very low, so L*di / dt can be ignored. Therefore, the first parasitic total inductance LM1 of the upper bridge arm has a smaller impact on the voltage of the first switching unit 221 than that of the lower bridge arm, and can be ignored. Consequently, the voltage stress on the upper bridge arm is lower, allowing for the use of a smaller drive resistor in the first switching unit 221, enabling higher switching speeds and lower switching losses. It should be noted that the switching speed refers to the rising or falling edge of the first control signal GS1; the faster the switching speed, the shorter the time occupied by the rising or falling edge of the first control signal GS1.

[0047] In the embodiments of this disclosure, since the effect of the first parasitic total inductance LM1 generated by the first switching unit 221 is negligible, the switching loss is reduced, thereby increasing the switching speed of the first switching unit 221 and further improving the current output capability of the motor controller. Furthermore, since the solder thickness at the second board end 2112 is less than the solder thickness at the first board end 2111, and the lower bridge arm is located at the second board end 2112, the thermal resistance of the second board end 2112 is lower. While ensuring the current output capability of the lower bridge arm, the switching speed of the second switching unit 231 can be reduced, thereby improving the robustness of the motor controller.

[0048] In one embodiment of this disclosure, see Figure 1The heat exchange assembly 1 also includes a heat exchange shell 12, which can be square, circular, elliptical, or other geometric shapes. The heat exchange shell 12 has a heat exchange cavity 121 containing a heat exchange medium, such as coolant or cold air. The heat exchange shell 12 has an inlet and an outlet, allowing the heat exchange medium to enter the heat exchange cavity 121 through the inlet and exit through the outlet. Heat exchange plates 11 are stacked on the heat exchange shell 12 and used to seal the heat exchange cavity 121. Thus, through the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange cavity 121, the heat generated by the electronic components in the power assembly 2 can be exchanged with the heat exchange medium via the heat exchange plates 11, improving the stability and service life of the motor controller.

[0049] In one embodiment of this disclosure, see Figure 1 The heat exchange assembly 1 also includes a plurality of heat exchange plates 13 connected to and spaced apart from the heat exchange plate 11. The plurality of heat exchange plates 13 can be integrally formed with the heat exchange plate 11 and extend into the heat exchange cavity 121. In this way, the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange cavity 121 can exchange heat with the heat generated by the power assembly 2 through the heat exchange plates 13, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency.

[0050] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the motor controller further includes a voltage divider capacitor, one end of which is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the battery, and the other end of which is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the battery.

[0051] This disclosure also provides an electric drive system, including a battery, a motor, a drive board, and a motor controller as described in any of the above embodiments. The specific structure and beneficial effects of the electric drive system can be found in the above-described embodiments of the motor controller, and will not be detailed here. The battery is electrically connected to the motor controller and provides DC power to the motor controller. The battery can be a prismatic battery or a blade battery. The battery has a positive terminal and a negative terminal. The positive terminal can be electrically connected to the first input terminal IN1 of the motor controller, and the negative terminal can be electrically connected to the second input terminal IN2 of the motor controller, so as to provide a high level to the first input terminal IN1 of the power circuit of the motor controller and a low level to the second input terminal IN2 of the power circuit of the motor controller.

[0052] The drive board is connected to the motor controller and is used to provide the motor controller with a first control signal GS1 and a second control signal GS2. The drive board may contain a drive circuit.

[0053] The motor is connected to a motor controller and is used to operate under the control of the motor controller; the motor has multiple terminals, and the output terminal OUT of the power circuit of the motor controller is electrically connected to one of the terminals.

[0054] This disclosure also provides a vehicle including the electric drive system described in any of the above embodiments. The specific structure and beneficial effects of the vehicle can be found in the above-described embodiment of the motor controller, and will not be detailed here. The vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or the like.

[0055] Other embodiments of this disclosure will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this disclosure that follow the general principles of this disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this disclosure are indicated by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An electric motor controller characterized by, include: A heat exchange assembly (1) includes a heat exchange plate (11); The power assembly (2) includes a plurality of power modules (21) disposed on the heat exchange plate (11). The power module (21) includes a circuit board (211), a power circuit disposed on the circuit board (211), a first input terminal (IN1), a second input terminal (IN2), and an output terminal (OUT). The power circuit is used to apply the voltage of the first input terminal (IN1) and the second input terminal (IN2) to the output terminal (OUT). The circuit board (211) has a first plate end (2111) and a second plate end (2112) disposed opposite to each other. The first input terminal (IN1) and the second input terminal (IN2) are disposed on the first plate end (2111), and the output terminal (OUT) is disposed on the second plate end (2112) and is used to electrically connect to a motor. The distance from the first plate end (2111) to the heat exchange plate (11) is smaller than the distance from the second plate end (2112) to the heat exchange plate (11).

2. The motor controller of claim 1, wherein, The circuit board (211) is soldered to the heat exchange plate (11), and the solder thickness from the first plate end (2111) to the heat exchange plate (11) is less than the solder thickness from the second plate end (2112) to the heat exchange plate (11).

3. The motor controller of claim 1, wherein, The heat exchange assembly (1) further includes a heat exchange shell (12) having a heat exchange cavity (121), and the heat exchange plate (11) is stacked on the heat exchange shell (12) and used to seal the heat exchange cavity (121).

4. The motor controller of claim 3, wherein, The heat exchange assembly (1) also includes a plurality of heat exchange plates (13) connected to and spaced apart from the heat exchange plate (11), the heat exchange plates (13) extending into the heat exchange cavity (121).

5. The motor controller of claim 1, wherein, The same power module (21) has multiple first input terminals (IN1), and a second input terminal (IN2) is provided between two adjacent first input terminals (IN1).

6. The motor controller of claim 1, wherein, The motor has three different terminals. There are three power modules (21). The first input terminals (IN1) of the power circuits of the three power modules (21) are electrically connected to each other. The second input terminals (IN2) of the power circuits of the three power modules (21) are electrically connected to each other. The output terminal (OUT) of the power circuit of one power module (21) is electrically connected to one of the terminals. The output terminals (OUT) of the power circuits of the three power modules (21) are electrically connected to different terminals respectively.

7. The motor controller according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by The power circuit includes a first switching sub-circuit (22) and a second switching sub-circuit (23); Wherein, the first end of the first switch sub-circuit (22) is electrically connected to the first input terminal (IN1), the second end of the first switch sub-circuit (22) is electrically connected to the output terminal (OUT), and the first switch sub-circuit (22) is turned on in response to the first control signal (GS1); The first end of the second switch sub-circuit (23) is electrically connected to the second input terminal (IN2), and the second end of the second switch sub-circuit (23) is electrically connected to the output terminal (OUT). The second switch sub-circuit (23) is turned on in response to the second control signal (GS2).

8. The motor controller of claim 7, wherein, The first switch sub-circuit (22) includes a plurality of first switch units (221), the first poles of each first switch unit (221) are electrically connected to each other, the second poles of each first switch unit (221) are electrically connected to each other, the first pole of the first switch unit (221) is electrically connected to the first input terminal (IN1), the second pole of the first switch unit (221) is electrically connected to the output terminal (OUT), and the first switch unit (221) is turned on in response to the first control signal (GS1); The second switch sub-circuit (23) includes a plurality of second switch units (231), the first poles of each second switch unit (231) are electrically connected to each other, the second poles of each second switch unit (231) are electrically connected to each other, the first pole of the second switch unit (231) is electrically connected to the second input terminal (IN2), the second pole of the second switch unit (231) is electrically connected to the output terminal (OUT), and the second switch unit (231) is turned on in response to the second control signal (GS2).

9. An electric drive system characterized by, Includes a battery, a motor, a drive board, and a motor controller as described in any one of claims 1 to 8; The battery is connected to the motor controller and is used to provide DC power to the motor controller. The drive board is connected to the motor controller and is used to provide the motor controller with a first control signal (GS1) and a second control signal (GS2); The motor is connected to the motor controller and is used to operate under the control of the motor controller.

10. A vehicle characterized by comprising: Includes the electric drive system as described in claim 9.

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