A heatable composite assembly, a window assembly including the same, and a vehicle including the window assembly

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a composite assembly, a window assembly comprising the composite assembly, and a vehicle comprising the window assembly. The composite assembly of the present disclosure comprises: a transparent substrate, a semi-reflective layer, and a light-absorbing substrate; wherein the semi-reflective layer is located between the transparent substrate and the light-absorbing substrate, the semi-reflective layer has a textured first outer surface and a textured second outer surface, the transparent substrate is in contact with the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, the contact surface of the transparent substrate is textured and the texture is complementary to the texture of the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer; and the light-absorbing substrate is in contact with the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, the contact surface of the light-absorbing substrate is textured and the texture is complementary to the texture of the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, wherein the composite assembly further comprises an electrode, the electrode is electrically conductively connected to the semi-reflective layer.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to material field, concretely relates to a composite component that can heat and window assembly containing the composite component. BACKGROUND

[0002] For electric vehicles, the sunroof has become the preferred configuration of many consumers due to its technological sense and space-saving advantages. However, the existing sunroof still has a series of pain points, which affects the user's experience: 1. Poor thermal comfort: the existing sunroof performs unsatisfactorily in adjusting the indoor thermal environment, and cannot provide an ideal comfortable feeling for the driver and passengers, affecting the normal function of the sunroof; 2. Low-temperature constraint on light modulation film performance: when a light modulation film is provided in the sunroof, the performance of the light modulation film will decrease significantly in a low-temperature environment; 3. Frosting and condensation problems: as the ambient temperature decreases, the sunroof is prone to frosting or water vapor condensation, which not only affects the line of sight, but also may cause damage to the structure and function of the sunroof.

[0003] To solve the problem of performance degradation of the sunroof caused by low-temperature environment, it is an effective solution to give the sunroof a heating function. In the prior art, there are mainly two ways to realize the heating function of the sunroof: one way is to set a heating film (such as a metal wire or a conductive polymer film) in the sunroof by lamination. However, due to the complexity of the lamination process of the heating film and the need for additional materials and equipment investment, this method is costly, and product defects (such as orange peel, wrinkles, etc.) may occur during the lamination process. Another way is to set an infrared reflective coating in the sunroof and use the infrared reflective coating to realize the heating function. However, the thermal comfort of the sunroof obtained by this method is insufficient, and cannot meet the user's requirements for thermal comfort control.

[0004] Since the conventional sunroof and window design has certain limitations and deficiencies in environmental thermal comfort control, heating performance, cost control, etc., further research and development work is still needed to obtain a cost-saving window material with desired functions. SUMMARY

[0005] In one aspect, this disclosure provides a composite component comprising: a transparent substrate, a semi-reflective layer, and a light-absorbing substrate; wherein the semi-reflective layer is located between the transparent substrate and the light-absorbing substrate, the semi-reflective layer having a textured first outer surface and a textured second outer surface, the transparent substrate being in contact with the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, the contact surface of the transparent substrate being textured, and the texture being complementary to the texture of the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer; and the light-absorbing substrate being in contact with the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, the contact surface of the light-absorbing substrate being textured, and the texture being complementary to the texture of the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, wherein the composite component further comprises an electrode electrically connected to the semi-reflective layer.

[0006] In one embodiment, the electrode is disposed at the circumferential edge of the composite component; optionally, the circumferential edge of the composite component is provided with dark enamel so that the electrode is obscured by the dark enamel.

[0007] In one embodiment, the surface resistivity of the semi-reflective layer is below 4 Ω / □.

[0008] In one embodiment, the surface resistivity of the semi-reflective layer is less than 1 Ω / □.

[0009] In one embodiment, the semi-reflective layer comprises a silver metal layer or a silver alloy layer.

[0010] In one embodiment, when the layer in contact with the first or second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is a glass substrate, the electrode is a silver paste electrode.

[0011] In one embodiment, the main body of the composite component comprises a transparent substrate, a semi-reflective layer, and a light-absorbing substrate; and / or the area or size of the semi-reflective layer is substantially the same as the area or size of the transparent substrate and / or the light-absorbing substrate.

[0012] In one embodiment, the transparent substrate is closer to external sunlight than the light-absorbing substrate.

[0013] In one embodiment, the composite component has a diffuse reflectance of 40% to 90% for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate.

[0014] In one embodiment, the composite component has a total solar transmittance of less than 10% for sunlight incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate.

[0015] In one embodiment, the composite component has a solar direct reflectance (RDS) of 55% or more, optionally 64% or more, for diffuse reflection of sunlight incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate.

[0016] In one embodiment, the composite component has a transmittance of 0.5% to 10% for visible light.

[0017] In one embodiment, the composite component has a diffuse reflectance of 55% to 95% for near-infrared light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate.

[0018] In one embodiment, the haze of the composite component is below 10%, optionally below 5%.

[0019] In one embodiment, the reflectivity of the transparent substrate to visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate is 3.8% to 4.5%, 4% to 4.2%, or 4%.

[0020] In one embodiment, the transparent substrate has an absorption rate of more than 0 to 1.5%, 0.8% to 1.2%, or 1% for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate.

[0021] In one embodiment, the composite component serves as a projection screen, with the light-absorbing substrate facing the projection light for forming a projected image on the side of the semi-reflective layer facing the light-absorbing substrate.

[0022] In one embodiment, the composite component has a diffuse reflectance of 10% to 25% for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate opposite to the transparent substrate.

[0023] In one embodiment, the composite component has a transmittance of 0.5% to 2.5% for visible light.

[0024] In one embodiment, the composite component has a diffuse reflectance of less than 10% for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate.

[0025] In one embodiment, the composite component has a diffuse reflectance of less than 8% for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate.

[0026] In one embodiment, the composite component has a diffuse reflectance of less than 1% for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate opposite to the transparent substrate.

[0027] In one embodiment, the textured first outer surface and the textured second outer surface are parallel (parallel textured surfaces mean that the textures are parallel to each other); and / or the root mean square slope of the profiles of the textured first outer surface and / or the textured second outer surface is 2. o Up to 20 o .

[0028] In one embodiment, the light-absorbing substrate includes at least one light-absorbing layer, wherein one surface of the light-absorbing layer contacts a second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, and the contact surface of the light-absorbing layer is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer; or

[0029] The light-absorbing substrate includes at least one light-absorbing layer and at least one transparent layer, wherein one surface of the light-absorbing layer or one of the transparent layers is in contact with the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, and the contact surface of the light-absorbing layer or the transparent layer is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer.

[0030] In one embodiment, the transparent substrate includes at least one transparent layer, wherein one surface of the transparent layer contacts a first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, the contact surface of the transparent layer is textured and the texture is complementary to the texture of the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, and all layers included in the transparent substrate are transparent layers.

[0031] In one embodiment, the light-absorbing substrate includes any one or any combination of a glass substrate, an adhesive layer, a dimming film, a polymer layer, and a film substrate layer; and / or the transparent substrate includes any one or any combination of a glass substrate, an adhesive layer, a polymer layer, and a film substrate layer.

[0032] Optionally, the glass substrate comprises any one or any combination of soda-lime-silica float glass, borosilicate glass, aluminosilicate glass, glass-ceramic glass, and polycarbonate glass; and / or the adhesive layer comprises any one or any combination of optical adhesive, thermoplastic polymer, and pressure-sensitive adhesive; further optionally, the adhesive layer comprises any one or any combination of polyvinyl butyral, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, and ionomer interlayer; and / or the dimming film comprises dyed polymer-dispersed liquid crystal dimming film, suspended particle dimming film, electrochromic dimming film, and host-guest type dimming film. The liquid crystal dimming film comprises any one or any combination thereof; and / or the polymer layer comprises any one or any combination thereof of polyester, polyacrylate, polycarbonate, polyurethane, polyamide, polyimide, rigid polyvinyl butyral, photocrosslinked and / or photopolymerized resin, and polythiourethane; and / or the film substrate layer comprises any one or any combination thereof of glass film and thermoplastic polymer film; further optionally, the thermoplastic polymer film comprises any one or any combination thereof of polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyimide, cyclic olefin polymer, polycarbonate, and cellulose triacetate.

[0033] Further optionally, the thickness of the glass film is from 25 μm to 200 μm; and / or the thickness of the thermoplastic polymer film is from 0.15 mm to 0.25 mm.

[0034] In one embodiment, the ratio of the highest visible light transmittance to the lowest visible light transmittance of the dimming film is greater than 5 or greater than 10, optionally between 5 and 20 or between 10 and 20.

[0035] In one embodiment, the dimming film is configured to switch between a first visible light absorption rate and a second visible light absorption rate greater than the first visible light absorption rate. When the dimming film has the first visible light absorption rate, the composite component has a diffuse reflectance of 10% to 25% for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate; or when the film has the second visible light absorption rate, the composite component has a diffuse reflectance of less than 10%, or less than 8%, or less than 1% for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate.

[0036] In one embodiment, the dimming film is configured to switch between a first visible light absorption rate and a second visible light absorption rate greater than the first visible light absorption rate. When the dimming film has the first visible light absorption rate, the composite component has a first diffuse reflectance rate for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate, and when it has the second visible light absorption rate, the composite component has a second diffuse reflectance rate for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate, which is less than the first diffuse reflectance rate. Optionally, the first diffuse reflectance rate is 10% to 25%; and / or the second diffuse reflectance rate is less than 10%, or less than 8%, or less than 1%.

[0037] In one embodiment, the dimming film is a single-layer dimming film or comprises at least two sub-dimming films. Optionally, the single-layer dimming film or the at least two sub-dimming films each independently comprises any one or any combination of a dyed polymer-dispersed liquid crystal dimming film, a suspended particle dimming film, an electrochromic dimming film, a host-guest type liquid crystal dimming film; and / or the area or size of the dimming film is substantially the same as the area or size of the semi-reflective layer.

[0038] In one embodiment, the semi-reflective layer is a single layer or a multi-layer stack, the single layer being a metal layer or a metal alloy layer, the multi-layer stack including at least one metal layer or metal alloy layer, each contact surface of each layer in the multi-layer stack being textured with respect to adjacent layers, and the texture of each contact surface being complementary to the texture of adjacent contact surfaces; optionally, the metal layer includes any one or any combination of aluminum, silver, and molybdenum; the metal alloy layer includes any one or any combination of aluminum alloy, silver alloy, and molybdenum alloy; and / or the textured first outer surface, the textured second outer surface, and the textured contact surfaces of each layer in the multi-layer stack with respect to adjacent layers are all parallel to each other.

[0039] In one embodiment, the semi-reflective layer further includes: a blocking layer located on one side or both sides of the metal layer or metal alloy layer, wherein the contact surfaces of the blocking layer and adjacent layers are textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of adjacent contact surfaces; and / or a dielectric layer, wherein the contact surfaces of the dielectric layer and adjacent layers are textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of adjacent contact surfaces; and / or an absorption regulating layer, wherein the contact surfaces of the absorption regulating layer and adjacent layers are textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of adjacent contact surfaces, wherein the blocking layer is located on one side or both sides of the absorption regulating layer; optionally, the blocking layer comprises any one or any combination of nickel, chromium, titanium, niobium, gold, and any alloy thereof; the dielectric layer comprises an oxide, nitride, sulfide, or carbide of a metal or inorganic non-metal; and the absorption regulating layer comprises any one or any combination of copper and gold.

[0040] In one embodiment, the semi-reflective layer is a multilayer stack, comprising: a first dielectric layer; a first blocking layer that contacts the first dielectric layer on one side; a single-layer silver metal layer or a single-layer silver alloy layer that contacts the first blocking layer on the side of the first blocking layer opposite to the first dielectric layer, the single-layer silver metal layer or the single-layer silver alloy layer having a thickness of 15 nm or more; an optionally present second blocking layer that contacts the single-layer silver metal layer or the single-layer silver alloy layer on the side of the single-layer silver metal layer or the single-layer silver alloy layer opposite to the first blocking layer; and a second dielectric layer, wherein, when the second blocking layer is absent, the second dielectric layer contacts the single-layer silver metal layer or the single-layer silver alloy layer on the side of the single-layer silver metal layer or the single-layer silver alloy layer opposite to the first blocking layer, and when the second blocking layer is present, the second dielectric layer contacts the second blocking layer on the side of the second blocking layer opposite to the single-layer silver metal layer or the single-layer silver alloy layer.

[0041] In one embodiment, the semi-reflective layer comprises only a single layer of silver metal or a single layer of silver alloy.

[0042] In one embodiment, the thickness of the monolayer silver metal layer or monolayer silver alloy layer is 25 nm or more; and / or the thickness of the monolayer silver metal layer or monolayer silver alloy layer is 50 nm or less.

[0043] In one embodiment, each contact surface of each layer in the semi-reflective layer and each contact surface of the adjacent layer is textured, and the texture of the respective contact surface is complementary to the texture of the adjacent contact surface; optionally, the textured first outer surface, the textured second outer surface, and each textured contact surface of each layer in the semi-reflective layer and each contact surface of the adjacent layer are parallel to each other.

[0044] In one embodiment, the first blocking layer and the second blocking layer each independently comprise nickel, chromium, titanium, niobium, gold, or any alloy thereof; and / or, the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer each independently comprise at least one dielectric material layer, optionally, the refractive index of each of the at least one dielectric material layer is greater than 1.8; and / or, the at least one dielectric material layer each independently comprises an oxide or nitride of silicon, zirconium, titanium, tin, zinc, or any combination thereof.

[0045] In one embodiment, the semi-reflective layer further comprises: a capping layer that contacts the first dielectric layer on the side of the first dielectric layer opposite to the first blocking layer, optionally the capping layer comprising an oxide of silicon, zirconium, titanium or any combination thereof.

[0046] In another aspect, this disclosure provides a form assembly that includes the composite components described herein.

[0047] In one embodiment, the window assembly includes a door, window, curtain wall, vehicle window glass, aircraft glass, or ship glass; optionally, the window assembly is a vehicle window glass, which includes a rear windshield, sunroof, door glass, or corner window glass.

[0048] In another aspect, this disclosure provides a vehicle that includes the window assembly described herein; optionally, the vehicle further includes a projection device configured to project light toward a light-absorbing substrate of the window assembly for forming a projected image on the side of the semi-reflective layer facing the light-absorbing substrate.

[0049] The semi-reflective layer disclosed herein employs a novel design comprising a multilayer stack of specific layers, having a textured first outer surface and a textured second outer surface. Using the semi-reflective layer of this disclosure in composite components allows for the use of texture to achieve diffuse reflection of visible light, thereby increasing the acceptable upper limit of visible light reflectivity.

[0050] Furthermore, the semi-reflective layer disclosed herein includes a single-layer silver metal layer or a single-layer silver alloy layer of a specific thickness. This semi-reflective layer has a high reflectivity for visible light and an even higher reflectivity for infrared light. As a result, the composite component containing this semi-reflective layer has a high direct solar reflectivity (RDS) for diffuse reflection of sunlight incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate. At the same time, the composite component also has a high diffuse reflectivity for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate. This is beneficial for the composite component to achieve excellent thermal comfort control.

[0051] The disclosed composite component employs a novel design, sequentially comprising a transparent substrate, a semi-reflective layer, and a light-absorbing substrate, wherein the semi-reflective layer has a textured surface. Through the specific reflectivity (including diffuse reflectivity), transmittance, and absorptivity of the transparent substrate, the textured semi-reflective layer, and the light-absorbing substrate for sunlight (including visible and near-infrared light), the disclosed composite component can achieve desired effects according to specific needs, such as: excellent thermal comfort, projection display effect, light pollution control, and visual optimization (e.g., clearer view).

[0052] In addition, the composite component of this disclosure satisfies a specific relationship between the reflection and transmission of visible light, which also helps the composite component of this disclosure to achieve the above-mentioned excellent effects as required.

[0053] In addition to the effects mentioned above, the specific visible light diffuse reflectance, transmittance and absorptance of the composite components can also bring more desired functions to the composite components of this disclosure, such as excellent privacy, diverse appearance, soft indoor light, and better thermal comfort control.

[0054] Specifically, the composite component disclosed herein employs a novel design that reduces total solar transmittance to below 10% by maintaining a high diffuse reflectance (e.g., over 55%) for visible light (which accounts for the majority of Earth's solar energy, approximately 50%) in the semi-reflective layer and a high diffuse reflectance (e.g., over 55%) for near-infrared light (wavelength range from approximately 780 nm to approximately 2500 nm) in the semi-reflective layer. Furthermore, since the semi-reflective layer reflects visible light diffusely rather than specularly, even with a high diffuse reflectance for visible light, severe light pollution is not generated on either side of the semi-reflective layer. Moreover, because the semi-reflective layer can be designed in various ways (e.g., diverse multi-layer stack designs), the composite component can achieve diverse appearances. For example, the composite component of this disclosure for automotive window glass can match the visual effect of the vehicle's paint, thus avoiding significant color deviation between the composite component and the vehicle body, resulting in a near-seamless visual effect. Thermal control can be achieved through the design of each layer in the composite component, potentially reducing costs. When used as automotive window glass with both thermal comfort and projection display functions, the composite component of this disclosure, by combining a light-absorbing substrate facing inwards, can achieve a projection display effect comparable to existing technologies (e.g., existing technologies may use an outer transparent glass with a 2Ag coating + dark PVB + projection display film + inner transparent PVB + inner transparent glass). However, the cost of the composite component of this disclosure is significantly lower. Specifically, as mentioned earlier, the projection display film and infrared reflective coating in existing technologies are expensive, which is not conducive to cost reduction. This disclosure integrates thermal control and projection display functions into a semi-reflective layer, which can significantly reduce costs. In addition, by combining a light-absorbing substrate with the semi-reflective layer design, the composite component of this disclosure can control the diffuse reflectance of visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate within an acceptable range. This not only minimizes the potential light pollution problem on the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate, but also optimizes the view from that side to the other side of the composite component (e.g., a clearer view). This is advantageous for automotive window glass applications, improving driving safety and passenger experience. Furthermore, when the multilayer stack of semi-reflective layers employs an asymmetrical design, even if the composite component reflects colored visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate, the composite component can still reflect neutral visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate. Moreover, also through the design of the multilayer stack of semi-reflective layers, the composite component can have neutral visible light transmission while its visible light reflection can be colored.Furthermore, the high diffuse reflectance of the composite component to visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate, and its suitable diffuse reflectance to visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate, helps the composite component of this disclosure to achieve a "one-way perspective" function, which helps to protect the privacy of the space on the side of the light-absorbing substrate. This is particularly advantageous for the application of vehicle windows, as it can better protect the privacy of occupants.

[0055] The composite component disclosed herein has a heating function, and therefore, in addition to ensuring excellent thermal comfort, it also exhibits the following advantages: 1. Stable dimming film performance; 2. Prevention of surface frosting; 3. Compared with laminating a heating film inside the composite component and using that film to achieve the heating function, the method of achieving the heating function in this disclosure is lower in cost and can also avoid defects that may be caused by laminating a heating film (e.g., undesirable appearance such as orange peel or wrinkles), and the thermal comfort of the composite component with heating function disclosed herein is excellent; 4. Compared with setting an infrared reflective coating (IRR coating) in the composite component and using that IRR coating to achieve the heating function, the thermal comfort of the composite component with heating function disclosed herein is also significantly better. Attached Figure Description

[0056] The foregoing and other aspects of this disclosure will be more fully understood from the detailed description that follows, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the scale of the drawings may vary for illustrative purposes, but this will not affect the understanding of the disclosure.

[0057] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of one embodiment of the composite component of this disclosure is shown.

[0058] Figure 2 Show Figure 1 A magnified view of a portion of the semi-reflective layer.

[0059] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of another embodiment of the composite component of this disclosure is shown.

[0060] Figure 4 A schematic diagram illustrating yet another embodiment of the composite component of this disclosure is shown.

[0061] Figure 5a A schematic diagram showing visible light incident from the side of a transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate passing through the composite component of this disclosure.

[0062] Figure 5b This diagram illustrates visible light incident from the side of a transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate being reflected (including diffuse reflection), transmitted, and absorbed by the transparent substrate, the semi-reflective layer, and the light-absorbing substrate.

[0063] Figure 5cA schematic diagram showing visible light incident from the side of a transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate is diffusely reflected by the composite component of this disclosure.

[0064] Figure 6a A schematic diagram showing visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate is diffusely reflected by the composite component of this disclosure.

[0065] Figure 6b This diagram illustrates visible light incident from the side of a light-absorbing substrate away from a transparent substrate being reflected (including diffuse reflection), transmitted, and absorbed by the light-absorbing substrate and the semi-reflective layer.

[0066] Figure 7 A schematic diagram illustrating one embodiment of the metal stacked layer of the semi-reflective layer of the composite component of this disclosure is shown.

[0067] Figure 8 A schematic diagram illustrating another embodiment of the metal stacked layer of the semi-reflective layer of the composite component of this disclosure is shown.

[0068] Figure 9a Show Figure 8 The structure shown presents a simulated colorimetric diagram of reflected and transmitted visible light incident from one side.

[0069] Figure 9b Show Figure 8 The structure shown is a simulated colorimetric diagram of the reflection and transmission of visible light incident from the other side.

[0070] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of yet another embodiment of the metal stacked layer of the semi-reflective layer of the composite component of this disclosure is shown.

[0071] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of one embodiment of the composite component of this disclosure is shown.

[0072] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of another embodiment of the composite component of this disclosure is shown.

[0073] Figure 13 A schematic diagram of another embodiment of the composite component of this disclosure is shown.

[0074] Figure 14 A schematic diagram of another embodiment of the composite component of this disclosure is shown.

[0075] Figure 15 A schematic diagram of one embodiment of the semi-reflective layer of this disclosure is shown.

[0076] Figure 16 A schematic diagram of another embodiment of the semi-reflective layer of this disclosure is shown.

[0077] Figure 17A schematic diagram of yet another embodiment of the semi-reflective layer of this disclosure is shown.

[0078] Figure 18 A schematic diagram of one embodiment of the composite component of this disclosure is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0079] The present disclosure will now be described in further detail. This description is for illustrative purposes and not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure. Those skilled in the art will readily understand other advantages and effects of the present disclosure from the content disclosed herein. The present disclosure can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments. Various modifications and changes can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure.

[0080] General Definitions and Terminology

[0081] Unless otherwise stated, all publications, patent applications, patents and other references mentioned herein are incorporated herein in their entirety by way of citation.

[0082] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. In case of any discrepancy, the definitions provided herein shall prevail.

[0083] Unless otherwise stated, all percentages, parts, proportions, etc. are by weight.

[0084] When a quantity, concentration, or other value or parameter is given as a range, preferred range, or preferred upper and lower limits, or a specific value, it should be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed by pairs of values ​​from any upper or preferred range and any lower or preferred range, regardless of whether the range is disclosed individually. Unless otherwise stated, when a numerical range is referred to herein, the range means including its endpoints and all integers and fractions within that range. The range of this disclosure is not limited to the specific numerical value referenced when defining the range. For example, "1-20" encompasses 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, and any subrange consisting of any two values ​​therein. For example, 2-6, 3-5, 2-10, 3-15, 4-20, 5-19, etc. For example, "3.0-5.0" encompasses 3.0, 3.2, 3.5, 3.8, 4.0, 4.2, 4.5, 4.7, 4.9, 5.0, and any subrange consisting of any two of these values. Examples include 3.0-3.5, 3.0-4.0, 3.8-4.5, 4.0-5.0, etc.

[0085] The terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” or “involving,” and their other variations herein, are inclusive or open-ended and do not exclude other unlisted elements or method steps. Those skilled in the art will understand that the foregoing terms such as “comprising” encompass the meaning of “consisting of.” The expression “consisting of” excludes any unspecified elements, steps, or ingredients. The expression “substantially constitutes” limits the scope to the specified elements, steps, or ingredients, plus optional elements, steps, or ingredients that do not materially affect the essential and novel features of the claimed subject matter. It should be understood that the expression “comprising” encompasses both the expressions “substantially constitutes” and “consisting of.”

[0086] As used herein, the terms “optional” and “optionally” mean that the event or situation described below may or may not occur, including both the occurrence and non-occurrence of the event or situation.

[0087] As used herein, the terms “one or more” or “at least one” refer to one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine or more.

[0088] Furthermore, if the number of components or parts in this disclosure is not previously specified, it indicates that there is no limit to the number of occurrences (or presence) of any component or part. Therefore, it should be interpreted as including one or at least one, and the singular form of a component or part also includes the plural, unless the value clearly indicates a singular number.

[0089] In this document, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to identify the element, component, or step they refer to, and are not used to limit the order or number of components, unless otherwise stated. When "first," "second," etc., are used to identify the element, component, or step they refer to, they may be the same or different.

[0090] As used herein, the term "refractive index" has the meaning commonly understood in the art as the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in that medium. The refractive index can be measured using methods and equipment conventional in the art. For example, it can be measured using a laser calibrator or an ellipsometer. In this disclosure, the "refractive index" can be measured at a wavelength of 550 nm.

[0091] As used herein, the term "transmittance," also known as optical transmittance, refers to the ability of light to pass through a medium, expressed as the percentage of luminous flux transmitted through the medium relative to the incident luminous flux. Optical transmittance can be measured using methods and equipment conventional in the art. For example, it can be measured using a spectrophotometer. It can be determined, for example, with reference to ISO 13837. The wavelength for measuring visible light transmittance is, for example, 380-780 nm. The measurement temperature is, for example, room temperature.

[0092] As used herein, the term "diffuse reflectance" refers to the percentage of diffuse luminous flux reflected by a medium to the incident luminous flux, including visible and near-infrared light. The diffuse reflectance of visible light can be measured using methods and equipment conventional in the art. For example, it can be measured using a spectrophotometer, or, for example, with reference to ISO 9050. The diffuse reflectance of near-infrared light can be measured using methods and equipment conventional in the art. For example, it can be measured using a spectrophotometer, or, for example, with reference to ISO 13837.

[0093] As used herein, "solar direct reflectance (RDS)" refers to the ratio of solar energy intensity reflected (including diffuse reflection) by a medium to the incident solar energy intensity within the solar spectrum (300 nm to 2500 nm). When using the SCE (Specular Component Exclude) measurement mode, the RDS of diffuse reflection of sunlight by a medium can be measured and obtained; that is, the ratio of diffusely reflected solar energy intensity to the incident solar energy intensity. Solar direct reflectance can be measured using methods and equipment conventional in the art. For example, it can be measured using a spectrophotometer. For example, it can be determined with reference to ISO 13837.

[0094] As used herein, the term "total solar transmittance (TTS)" refers to the ratio of the total energy of sunlight transmitted through a medium to the energy of incident sunlight within the solar spectrum (300 nm to 2500 nm). Total solar transmittance can be measured using methods and equipment conventional in the art. For example, it can be measured using a spectrophotometer. It can also be determined with reference to ISO 13837.

[0095] As used herein, the term "reflectivity" refers to the percentage of luminous flux reflected by a medium, particularly visible light, relative to the incident luminous flux. Visible light reflectivity can be measured using methods and equipment conventional in the art. For example, it can be measured using a spectrophotometer. It can also be determined with reference to ISO 9050.

[0096] As used herein, the term "haze" refers to the ratio of the scattered luminous flux to the transmitted luminous flux of incident light deviating from the normal direction through a medium (e.g., the test sample), expressed as a percentage (%). Scattered luminous flux deviating from the incident light direction by more than 2.5 degrees is typically used to calculate haze. Haze can be measured using methods and equipment commonly used in the art. For example, a haze meter can be used to measure haze. For example, determinations can be performed with reference to GB 2410 and / or ASTM D1003.

[0097] The term "absorptance," as used herein, also known as absorptance (represented by A), refers to the percentage or proportion of incident light absorbed by a medium when light strikes it. The absorptance of a medium for incident visible light can be measured using methods and equipment commonly used in the art. For example, a spectrophotometer can be used to measure the absorptance. For instance, ISO 9050 and ISO 13837 can be referenced for determination.

[0098] In this article, unless otherwise explicitly specified, "contact" means direct contact. For example, "one layer in contact with another layer" means that the two layers are in direct contact and there are no other layers between them.

[0099] The term "room temperature" as used in this article refers to approximately 20-30 degrees Celsius. ° C, for example, about 25 ° C.

[0100] As used in this paper, the term "primary surface" refers to the surface of the larger side of a layered material. In this context, "primary surface" also refers to the surface of a layered material that reflects and transmits light. For example, the primary surface of a light-absorbing substrate can refer to the surface facing visible light rays and reflecting or transmitting visible light.

[0101] The term "sheet resistance," as used herein, also known as "sheet resistance" or "sheet sheet resistance," refers to the resistance per unit area of ​​a thin sheet of material (e.g., a film). It can be measured using methods conventional in the art, such as the four-terminal test method.

[0102] Composite Assembly

[0103] In one aspect, this disclosure relates to a composite component comprising: a transparent substrate, a semi-reflective layer, a light-absorbing substrate, and an electrode; wherein the semi-reflective layer is located between the transparent substrate and the light-absorbing substrate, the semi-reflective layer having a textured first outer surface and a textured second outer surface, the transparent substrate being in contact with the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, the contact surface of the transparent substrate being textured, and the texture being complementary to the texture of the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer; and the light-absorbing substrate being in contact with the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, the contact surface of the light-absorbing substrate being textured, and the texture being complementary to the texture of the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, the electrode being electrically connected to the semi-reflective layer. In one specific embodiment, the transparent substrate is closer to external sunlight relative to the light-absorbing substrate. That is, the transparent substrate faces external sunlight, and the light-absorbing substrate faces away from external sunlight.

[0104] In one embodiment, the composite component serves as a projection screen, with the light-absorbing substrate facing the projection light, for forming a projected image on the side of the semi-reflective layer facing the light-absorbing substrate. In this document, the projected image is not limited; for example, it can be static text, numbers, symbols, or images, or it can be dynamic video.

[0105] In one embodiment, the main body of the composite component comprises a transparent substrate, a semi-reflective layer, and a light-absorbing substrate. This main body excludes the circumferential edge of the composite component, where electrodes may be disposed. The circumferential edge of the composite component may, for example, be provided with a dark enamel to obscure the electrodes. In one example, the main body of the composite component may correspond to more than 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, or at least 95% of the main surface area (as far as the main surface area) of the composite component. That is, the portion of the composite component corresponding to more than 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, or at least 95% of the main surface area (as far as the main surface area) comprises a transparent substrate, a semi-reflective layer, and a light-absorbing substrate.

[0106] Figure 1 An embodiment of the composite component of this disclosure is shown, wherein the composite component comprises: a transparent substrate 101, a semi-reflective layer 102, a light-absorbing substrate 103, and an electrode ( Figure 1 (Not shown in the image), wherein the semi-reflective layer 102 is located between the transparent substrate 101 and the light-absorbing substrate 103, and the electrodes are conductively connected to the semi-reflective layer 102. Further, Figure 2 Show Figure 1A partial enlarged view of the semi-reflective layer 102, wherein the semi-reflective layer 102 has a textured first outer surface 1021 and a textured second outer surface 1022.

[0107] Transparent substrate

[0108] In the composite components disclosed herein, the transparent substrate refers to a substrate that is transparent to visible light (e.g., in the wavelength range of 380 nm to 780 nm), is highly transparent, transmits the vast majority of visible light, and has limited absorption of light in the visible light wavelength range. Furthermore, to fully utilize the high reflectivity of the semi-reflective layer to near-infrared light, the transparent substrate is also highly transparent to near-infrared light (e.g., in the wavelength range of 780 nm to 2500 nm), transmits the vast majority of near-infrared light, and has limited absorption of light in the near-infrared wavelength range.

[0109] Composition of transparent substrate

[0110] In one embodiment, the transparent substrate includes any one or any combination of a glass substrate, an adhesive layer, a polymer layer, and a film substrate layer. For example, the transparent substrate may be a glass substrate, an adhesive layer, a polymer layer, a film substrate layer, etc. In a specific embodiment, the transparent substrate may be a combination of a glass substrate and / or an adhesive layer and / or a polymer layer and / or a film substrate layer.

[0111] Glass substrate

[0112] The glass substrate can be an amorphous inorganic non-metallic material, generally made from a variety of inorganic minerals (such as quartz sand, borax, boric acid, barite, barium carbonate, limestone, feldspar, soda ash, etc.) as the main raw materials, with the addition of a small amount of auxiliary materials. Its main component is silicon dioxide and other oxides. "Glass" can be any type of glass, including sodium-containing glass and low-sodium glass (e.g., high borosilicate glass, high aluminosilicate glass, etc.). The shape of the glass substrate can be arbitrary. Depending on the actual needs, the glass substrate can be, for example, square, rectangular, circular, elliptical, regular hexagonal, etc. Depending on the actual needs, the glass can be tempered glass, such as glass that has undergone chemical tempering. Furthermore, depending on the actual needs, the glass substrate can be flat glass or curved glass. Additionally, the thickness of the glass substrate is approximately 1 mm or more. In one embodiment, the thickness of the glass substrate is approximately 1 mm or more and approximately 4 mm or less. For example, approximately 1 mm, approximately 2 mm, approximately 3 mm, and approximately 4 mm.

[0113] In one embodiment, the glass substrate comprises any one or any combination of soda-lime silicate float glass, borosilicate glass, aluminosilicate glass, glass-ceramic glass, and polycarbonate glass. In a preferred embodiment, the glass substrate is soda-lime silicate float glass.

[0114] When using a glass substrate as the transparent substrate of this disclosure, the advantages of the glass substrate can be fully utilized, such as low haze, high transparency, and good scratch resistance. Furthermore, due to the abundance of hydroxyl groups on the surface of the glass structure, the glass substrate can exhibit strong adhesion to adjacent layers (especially adjacent layers of polymer materials). A suitable type of glass substrate can enable the transparent substrate or the composite component of this disclosure to have high transmittance to visible light (e.g., external visible light), allowing most of the visible light to pass through the transparent substrate and reach the semi-reflective layer, thereby facilitating the function of the semi-reflective layer and achieving effects such as thermal comfort control of the composite component. Both plain white glass and ultra-clear glass can ensure that the transmittance of the transparent substrate or the composite component of this disclosure to visible light (e.g., external visible light) is within the desired range; preferably, ultra-clear glass is used as the transparent substrate to obtain even higher transmittance.

[0115] Adhesive layer

[0116] In this disclosure, the adhesive layer used as the transparent substrate is transparent and has high transmittance, allowing most visible light to pass through. Additionally, the adhesive layer also possesses suitable adhesion to adjacent layers. In one embodiment, the adhesive layer comprises any one or any combination of optical adhesive, thermoplastic polymer, and pressure-sensitive adhesive. In a preferred embodiment, the adhesive layer comprises any one or any combination of polyvinyl butyral, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, and ionomer interlayer. In a more preferred embodiment, the adhesive layer comprises an ionomer interlayer.

[0117] polymer layer

[0118] In one embodiment, the polymer layer comprises any one or any combination of polyester, polyacrylate, polycarbonate, polyurethane, polyamide, polyimide, rigid polyvinyl butyral, photocrosslinked and / or photopolymerized resin, and polythiourethane.

[0119] Membrane substrate layer

[0120] In one embodiment, the film substrate layer comprises any one or any combination of a glass film, a thermoplastic polymer film, or the like. In a preferred embodiment, the thermoplastic polymer film comprises any one or any combination of polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyimide, cyclic olefin polymer, polycarbonate, and cellulose triacetate. In a more preferred embodiment, the thickness of the glass film is from about 25 μm to about 200 μm. In another more preferred embodiment, the thickness of the thermoplastic polymer film is from about 0.15 mm to about 0.25 mm.

[0121] Setting of transparent substrate

[0122] The transparent substrate comprises two main surfaces. In this disclosure, one main surface of the transparent substrate is textured and contacts the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, the texture of the contact surface between the transparent substrate and the semi-reflective layer being complementary to the texture of the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer. Correspondingly, the other main surface of the transparent substrate may be smooth and non-rough, facing away from the semi-reflective layer. The transparent substrate may be a single layer or multiple layers, all of which are transparent.

[0123] As used herein, the term "primary surface" refers to a surface that faces or is away from light. For example, in the composite components of this disclosure, one primary surface of the transparent substrate may be a surface facing visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate. For example, another primary surface of the transparent substrate may be a surface away from visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate.

[0124] In one exemplary implementation, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the transparent substrate 101 is in contact with the textured first outer surface 1021 of the semi-reflective layer 102, and the contact surface between the transparent substrate and the semi-reflective layer is textured, the texture being complementary to the texture of the first outer surface 1021 of the semi-reflective layer 102; while the main surface of the transparent substrate 101 facing away from the semi-reflective layer 102 can be smooth and non-rough.

[0125] In one embodiment, the transparent substrate includes at least one transparent layer.

[0126] In the composite components disclosed herein, a “transparent layer” refers to a layer composed of transparent materials that, due to its highly transparent nature, has limited optical absorption of light in the visible light wavelength range and allows most visible light to pass through.

[0127] In one embodiment, the transparent substrate includes at least one transparent layer, wherein one surface of the transparent layer contacts a first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, the contact surface of the transparent layer is textured and the texture is complementary to the texture of the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, and all layers included in the transparent substrate are transparent layers.

[0128] In one specific implementation, when the first transparent layer of the transparent substrate in contact with the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is a glass substrate, the texture on the glass substrate can be achieved through processes such as acid etching, dry blasting, wet blasting, and laser etching. When the first transparent layer of the transparent substrate in contact with the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymer layer or a film substrate layer, the texture on the polymer layer or film substrate layer can be achieved through processes such as nanoimprinting (e.g., UV nanoimprinting, thermal nanoimprinting, mold compression nanoimprinting) or transfer printing (e.g., UV transferprinting). For the glass film included in the film substrate layer, the texture can typically be achieved through techniques such as direct laser writing or acid etching.

[0129] In one embodiment, the first transparent layer of the transparent substrate in contact with the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is a glass substrate, and the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate in contact with the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymer layer or an adhesive layer; or the first transparent layer of the transparent substrate in contact with the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymer layer, and the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate in contact with the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymer layer, an adhesive layer, a glass substrate, a film substrate layer, or a dimming film; or the first transparent layer of the transparent substrate in contact with the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is an adhesive layer, and the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate in contact with the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymer layer, a glass substrate, a film substrate layer, or a dimming film; or the first transparent layer of the transparent substrate in contact with the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is a film substrate layer, and the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate in contact with the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymer layer or an adhesive layer.

[0130] In one embodiment, the transparent substrate further includes a second transparent layer that contacts the first transparent layer of the transparent substrate on the side of the first transparent layer opposite to the semi-reflective layer. When the first transparent layer of the transparent substrate is a polymer layer, the second transparent layer is an adhesive layer. Optionally, the transparent substrate further includes a glass substrate that contacts the adhesive layer on the side of the adhesive layer opposite to the polymer layer. Alternatively, the second transparent layer is a film substrate layer. Optionally, the transparent substrate further includes an adhesive layer that contacts the film substrate layer on the side of the film substrate layer opposite to the polymer layer. More optionally, the transparent substrate further includes a glass substrate that contacts the adhesive layer on the side of the adhesive layer opposite to the film substrate layer. When the first transparent layer of the transparent substrate is an adhesive layer, the second transparent layer is a glass substrate. When the first transparent layer of the transparent substrate is a film substrate layer, the second transparent layer is an adhesive layer. Optionally, the transparent substrate further includes a glass substrate that contacts the adhesive layer on the side of the adhesive layer opposite to the film substrate layer.

[0131] In one specific embodiment, the transparent substrate is a single-layer transparent layer, one surface of which contacts the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer. The contact surface of the single-layer transparent layer is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer. In a more specific embodiment, the single-layer transparent layer is any one of a glass substrate, a polymer layer, or a film substrate layer.

[0132] In another embodiment, the transparent substrate includes at least one transparent layer, wherein one surface of the transparent layer contacts a first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, the contact surface of the transparent layer is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, and all layers included in the transparent substrate are transparent layers. In a specific embodiment, the transparent substrate includes two or more transparent layers, and all layers included in the transparent substrate are transparent layers. In a specific embodiment, the at least one transparent layer includes any one or any combination of a glass substrate, an adhesive layer, a polymer layer, and a film substrate layer.

[0133] Semi-reflective layer

[0134] In this disclosure, a semi-reflective layer refers to a layer that is semi-reflective to light. The semi-reflective layer of this disclosure has a high diffuse reflectance for visible light (e.g., a diffuse reflectance greater than 40% for visible light incident from the side of a transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate). Additionally, the semi-reflective layer of this disclosure also has a high diffuse reflectance for near-infrared light (e.g., a diffuse reflectance greater than or equal to 55% for near-infrared light incident from the side of a transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate). In one specific embodiment, the semi-reflective layer is formed by coating and therefore can also be referred to as a semi-reflective coating layer. The semi-reflectivity of the semi-reflective layer means that when incident radiation (such as visible light) reaches the semi-reflective layer, a portion of the incident radiation is diffusely reflected by the semi-reflective layer, and a portion of the incident radiation is transmitted through the semi-reflective layer.

[0135] In this paper, the two outermost main surfaces of the semi-reflective layer are defined as the first outer surface and the second outer surface, respectively. Specifically, when the semi-reflective layer is a single layer, the two main surfaces of the single layer are the first outer surface and the second outer surface; when the semi-reflective layer is a multi-layer stack, the two outermost main surfaces of the multi-layer stack as a whole are the first outer surface and the second outer surface, respectively.

[0136] In one embodiment, the semi-reflective layer is located between the transparent substrate and the light-absorbing substrate. In one embodiment, the semi-reflective layer has a textured first outer surface and a textured second outer surface. In a further embodiment, the transparent substrate is in contact with the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, the contact surface of the transparent substrate being textured, and the texture being complementary to the texture of the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer. In a further embodiment, the light-absorbing substrate is in contact with the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, the contact surface of the light-absorbing substrate being textured, and the texture being complementary to the texture of the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer.

[0137] In one exemplary implementation, such as Figure 2 As shown, the semi-reflective layer 102 is textured, having a textured first outer surface 1021 and a textured second outer surface 1022.

[0138] Diffuse reflection and transmission of visible light by a semi-reflective layer

[0139] In the composite component disclosed herein, the semi-reflective layer has a high diffuse reflectance for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate. In one specific embodiment, the incident light is sunlight, and the semi-reflective layer also has a high diffuse reflectance for near-infrared light in this incident light.

[0140] On one hand, in this disclosure, the semi-reflective layer diffusely reflects visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate and has a high diffuse reflectance. This high diffuse reflectance helps achieve good thermal comfort on the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate, and diffuse reflection, rather than specular reflection, avoids light pollution. Correspondingly, the semi-reflective layer has a relatively low transmittance for visible light. In one specific embodiment, the visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate originates from sunlight outside the composite component; that is, the visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate is a portion of external sunlight. In this case, as described above, the semi-reflective layer can also have a high diffuse reflectance for near-infrared light in this external sunlight.

[0141] On the other hand, in this disclosure, the semi-reflective layer diffusely reflects visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate and may have a high diffuse reflectance. By employing diffuse reflection instead of specular reflection and combining it with appropriate light absorption properties of the light-absorbing substrate, it is helpful to effectively control light pollution on the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate, and a better view of the other side of the composite component can also be obtained on that side, for example, a clearer view of the other side of the composite component can be obtained on that side. In one specific embodiment, the visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate is an internal visible light source of the composite component. In a more specific embodiment, depending on the application scenario of the composite component, the visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate can be indoor visible light from vehicles such as cars and trains. Similarly, combining it with appropriate light absorption properties of the light-absorbing substrate helps to achieve good projection display effects on the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate, and again, diffuse reflection instead of specular reflection can avoid light pollution. In a particularly specific embodiment, the visible light is visible light emitted by projection equipment inside vehicles such as cars and trains.

[0142] The media on both sides of the semi-reflective layer, namely the transparent substrate and the light-absorbing substrate, have close or the same refractive index. This helps to achieve low haze in the composite component of this disclosure, thereby meeting the low haze requirements of certain applications. The haze can be below 10%, preferably below 5%. The low haze of the composite component ensures a clear view through the composite component. Specifically, the transparent substrate and the light-absorbing substrate each comprise at least one layer, and either layer in the transparent substrate has close or the same refractive index as either layer in the light-absorbing substrate. In one embodiment, the absolute value of the difference in refractive index between either layer in the transparent substrate and either layer in the light-absorbing substrate can be below 0.05, preferably below 0.02, more preferably below 0.015, such as below 0.05, below 0.02, below 0.018, below 0.016, below 0.015, below 0.014, below 0.012, below 0.01, below 0.008, below 0.006, below 0.004, below 0.002, etc.

[0143] Textured surface of semi-reflective layer

[0144] The contact surface between adjacent layers and the semi-reflective layer is textured. When the adjacent layer is a glass substrate, the textured contact surface can be achieved through processes such as acid etching, dry blasting, wet blasting, and laser etching. When the adjacent layer is a polymer layer, a film substrate layer, or a dimming film, the textured contact surface can be achieved through nanoimprinting (e.g., UV nanoimprinting, thermal nanoimprinting, molding nanoimprinting) or transfer printing (e.g., UV transfer printing). For the glass film included in the film substrate layer, texture can typically be achieved using techniques such as direct laser writing or acid etching.

[0145] In one embodiment, the textured surface of the adjacent layers can be formed by the above method, and the material of the semi-reflective layer can be coated on the textured surface to form a semi-reflective layer with a textured surface.

[0146] When incident radiation on the composite component reaches the contact surface between the semi-reflective layer and its adjacent layer, the reflection is diffuse because the contact surface is textured. Therefore, the diffuse reflection of visible light by the composite component of this disclosure is related to the textured surface in contact between the semi-reflective layer and its adjacent layer.

[0147] In a preferred embodiment, the textured first outer surface and the textured second outer surface are parallel. In another preferred embodiment, the root mean square slope of the textured first outer surface is approximately 2. o Approximately 20 o In yet another preferred embodiment, the root mean square slope of the textured second outer surface is approximately 2. o Approximately 20o In a more preferred embodiment, the root mean square slope of the textured first outer surface is equal to the root mean square slope of the textured second outer surface.

[0148] The parallelism of the textured contact surfaces means that the semi-reflective layer has the same thickness in the direction perpendicular to the contact surfaces; that is, the semi-reflective layer has uniform thickness. This uniformity of thickness can be general across the entire texture range or localized within a region of the texture. Specifically, when the texture exhibits a slope variation, the thickness between two consecutive textured contact surfaces can vary for each region as a function of the slope of the texture, but the textured contact surfaces always remain parallel to each other. This is particularly true for semi-reflective layers deposited by cathode sputtering: as the slope of the texture increases, the layer thickness decreases accordingly. Therefore, the layer thickness remains constant in each textured region with a given slope, but the layer thickness differs between a first textured region with a first slope and a second textured region with a second slope different from the first slope.

[0149] Composition of semi-reflective layer

[0150] In one embodiment, the semi-reflective layer is a single layer or a multi-layer stack.

[0151] In one embodiment, the semi-reflective layer is a single layer, which is a metal layer or a metal alloy layer. The metal layer or metal alloy layer has a high diffuse reflectivity for visible and near-infrared light.

[0152] In another embodiment, the semi-reflective layer is a multilayer stack comprising at least one metal layer or metal alloy layer. The metal layer or metal alloy layer has high diffuse reflectivity for visible and near-infrared light. In one embodiment, the contact surfaces of each layer in the multilayer stack with adjacent layers are textured, and the textures of the contact surfaces are complementary to those of adjacent contact surfaces. In a preferred embodiment, the textured first outer surface, the textured second outer surface, and the textured contact surfaces of each layer in the multilayer stack with adjacent layers are all parallel to each other.

[0153] In one embodiment, the metal layer comprises any one or any combination of aluminum, silver, molybdenum. In a preferred embodiment, the metal layer comprises aluminum. In another preferred embodiment, the metal layer comprises silver. In yet another preferred embodiment, the metal layer comprises both aluminum and silver.

[0154] In one embodiment, the metal alloy layer comprises any one or any combination of aluminum alloy, silver alloy, and molybdenum alloy. In a preferred embodiment, the metal alloy layer comprises an aluminum alloy. In another preferred embodiment, the metal alloy layer comprises a silver alloy.

[0155] When the semi-reflective layer is a multilayer stack, the multilayer stack can contain the same or different metals or metal alloys. For example, the multilayer stack can contain two metal layers, one of which contains silver and the other contains silver or aluminum. When the semi-reflective layer is a multilayer stack containing two or more metal layers, the individual metal layers in the multilayer stack can be adjacent or separated by other layers; for example, the multilayer stack can contain two metal layers, which can be adjacent or separated by a dielectric layer (which may contain a non-metallic oxide, such as TiO2). x ( ) Spacing. For example, the multilayer stack may contain two metal alloy layers, one of which contains an aluminum alloy and the other contains a silver alloy or a molybdenum alloy. When the semi-reflective layer is a multilayer stack containing two or more metal alloy layers, the individual metal alloy layers in the multilayer stack can be adjacent or spaced apart by other layers; for example, the multilayer stack may contain two metal alloy layers, which can be adjacent or spaced apart by a dielectric layer (which may contain a non-metallic oxide, such as TiO₂). x () Spacing. Of course, this multilayer stack may also contain one or more metal layers and simultaneously contain one or more metal alloy layers. Further details are omitted here.

[0156] When the semi-reflective layer is a multilayer stack, the stack can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. For example, for illustrative purposes only and not for actual stacking design, a 40 nm TiOx / 20 nm Al / 40 nm TiOx stack is a symmetrical stack, while a 20 nm Al / 60 nm TiOx / 5 nm Cu stack is an asymmetrical stack. Specifically, when the multilayer stack of the semi-reflective layer is symmetrical, it can be assumed that the semi-reflective layer reflects and absorbs incident light equally from both sides (the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate and the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate). When the multilayer stack of semi-reflective layers is an asymmetric stack, at the lamination interface of the semi-reflective layers, the reflection and absorption of incident light from both sides (the side from the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate and the side from the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate) can have certain differences (but according to optical theory, the transmission of incident light from both sides of the semi-reflective layer is not different). Such differences help to obtain different optical effects on both sides of the semi-reflective layer (such as different color appearances and different reflectivities). For example, when used in automotive windows, it can make the inside and outside of the window have different optical effects, such as a colorful appearance observed from the outside of the car, while still displaying a neutral color to the inside of the car. In addition, the transmission can remain neutral while the reflection can be designed to be colored.

[0157] Blocking layer

[0158] In one embodiment, the semi-reflective layer further includes a blocking layer located on one side or both sides of the metal layer or metal alloy layer, wherein the contact surfaces of the blocking layer with adjacent layers are textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of the adjacent contact surfaces. In a preferred embodiment, the textured contact surfaces of the blocking layer and adjacent layers are parallel to each other. The blocking layer can be used to block the metal layer or metal alloy layer, thereby preventing the metal or metal alloy in the metal layer or metal alloy layer from being corroded by the external environment and extending the service life of the semi-reflective layer.

[0159] In one embodiment, the blocking layer comprises any one or any combination of nickel, chromium, titanium, niobium, gold, and any alloy thereof. The alloy includes, but is not limited to, nickel-chromium alloys.

[0160] Dielectric layer

[0161] In one embodiment, the semi-reflective layer further comprises a dielectric layer, the contact surfaces of which are textured and complementary to the textures of adjacent contact surfaces. In a preferred embodiment, the textured contact surfaces of the dielectric layer and adjacent layers are parallel to each other.

[0162] On the one hand, in the semi-reflective layer, the dielectric layer can protect the metal or metal alloy in the metal layer or metal alloy layer from damage such as oxidation, moisture or scratches, thus extending the service life of the semi-reflective layer.

[0163] On the other hand, introducing such a dielectric layer into the semi-reflective layer can also make the diffuse reflectance of the semi-reflective layer for visible light different from its diffuse reflectance for near-infrared light (for example, making the diffuse reflectance of the semi-reflective layer for near-infrared light greater than its diffuse reflectance for visible light), thereby helping the composite component achieve better thermal comfort control at a specific visible light reflectance level. Furthermore, the dielectric layer can also adjust the color of visible light reflected by the semi-reflective layer according to optical interference, thus giving the composite component a unique appearance and aesthetic value.

[0164] In one embodiment, the dielectric layer comprises an oxide, nitride, sulfide, or carbide of a metal or inorganic non-metal. In a preferred embodiment, the dielectric layer may contain TiO₂. x In another preferred embodiment, the dielectric layer may comprise SiO2. x TiO x Represents titanium oxides, for example, 1.5 <x≤2。SiO x Indicates silicon oxide, for example, 1.5 <x≤2。

[0165] Absorption regulation layer

[0166] In one embodiment, the semi-reflective layer further includes an absorption conditioning layer, the contact surfaces of which are textured and complementary to those of adjacent contact surfaces. The blocking layer is located on one side or both sides of the absorption conditioning layer. In the semi-reflective layer, the absorption conditioning layer contains a metal with a unique light absorption band in the visible light range, thereby adjusting the color and light absorption of the semi-reflective layer. The blocking layer can be used to block the absorption conditioning layer, thereby preventing the metal in the absorption conditioning layer from being corroded by the external environment and extending the lifespan of the semi-reflective layer. In a preferred embodiment, the textured contact surfaces of the absorption conditioning layer and adjacent layers are parallel to each other.

[0167] In one embodiment, the absorption conditioning layer comprises any one of copper, gold, or any combination thereof.

[0168] In one embodiment, the semi-reflective layer in the composite component of this disclosure is a multilayer stack, which may be the semi-reflective layer of this disclosure as described in the following aspect.

[0169] In one aspect, a semi-reflective layer is disclosed having a textured first outer surface and a textured second outer surface, the semi-reflective layer comprising: a first dielectric layer, a first blocking layer, a monolayer silver metal layer or a monolayer silver alloy layer and a second dielectric layer, the semi-reflective layer optionally further comprising a second blocking layer and / or a cover layer.

[0170] In one embodiment, the semi-reflective layer comprises: a first dielectric layer; a first blocking layer that contacts the first dielectric layer on one side; a monolayer silver metal layer or a monolayer silver alloy layer that contacts the first blocking layer on the side of the first blocking layer opposite to the first dielectric layer, the monolayer silver metal layer or the monolayer silver alloy layer having a thickness of 15 nm or more; and a second dielectric layer that contacts the monolayer silver metal layer or the monolayer silver alloy layer on the side of the monolayer silver metal layer or the monolayer silver alloy layer opposite to the first blocking layer; optionally, the semi-reflective layer further comprises: a capping layer that contacts the first dielectric layer on the side of the first dielectric layer opposite to the first blocking layer.

[0171] In another embodiment, the semi-reflective layer comprises: a first dielectric layer; a first blocking layer that contacts the first dielectric layer on one side; a monolayer silver metal layer or a monolayer silver alloy layer that contacts the first blocking layer on the side of the first blocking layer opposite to the first dielectric layer; a second blocking layer that contacts the monolayer silver metal layer or the monolayer silver alloy layer on the side of the monolayer silver metal layer or the monolayer silver alloy layer opposite to the first blocking layer; and a second dielectric layer that contacts the second blocking layer on the side of the second blocking layer opposite to the monolayer silver metal layer or the monolayer silver alloy layer; optionally, the semi-reflective layer further comprises: a capping layer that contacts the first dielectric layer on the side of the first dielectric layer opposite to the first blocking layer.

[0172] Figure 15 A schematic diagram of one embodiment of the semi-reflective layer of this disclosure is shown. The semi-reflective layer sequentially comprises: a cover layer 1501, a first dielectric layer 1502, a first blocking layer 1503, a single-layer silver metal layer or silver alloy layer 1504, a second blocking layer 1505, and a second dielectric layer 1506.

[0173] Figure 16 A schematic diagram of another embodiment of the semi-reflective layer of this disclosure is shown. The semi-reflective layer sequentially comprises: a cover layer 1601, a first dielectric layer 1602, a first blocking layer 1603, a single-layer silver metal layer or silver alloy layer 1604, and a second dielectric layer 1605.

[0174] The semi-reflective layer disclosed herein has a textured first outer surface and a textured second outer surface. When applied in a composite component, the texture can be used to achieve diffuse reflection of visible light by the composite component, thereby increasing the acceptable upper limit of visible light reflectivity.

[0175] In a preferred embodiment, the textured first outer surface and the textured second outer surface are parallel. In another preferred embodiment, the root mean square slope of the textured first outer surface is approximately 2. o Approximately 20 o In yet another preferred embodiment, the root mean square slope of the textured second outer surface is approximately 2. o Approximately 20 o In a more preferred embodiment, the root mean square slope of the textured first outer surface is equal to the root mean square slope of the textured second outer surface.

[0176] In a preferred embodiment, each contact surface of the semi-reflective layer with its adjacent layer is textured, and the texture of each contact surface is complementary to the texture of the adjacent contact surface. In a more preferred embodiment, the textured first outer surface, the textured second outer surface, and each textured contact surface of the semi-reflective layer with its adjacent layer are all parallel to each other.

[0177] First dielectric layer and second dielectric layer

[0178] The first and second dielectric layers can each independently consist of at least one dielectric material layer. In one embodiment, and / or, the refractive index of each of the at least one dielectric material layer can be 1.8 or higher, preferably 1.9 or higher. Such a dielectric material layer with a high refractive index allows the diffuse reflectance of the semi-reflective layer to visible light to differ from its diffuse reflectance to near-infrared light; specifically, it makes the diffuse reflectance of the semi-reflective layer to near-infrared light greater than its diffuse reflectance to visible light, thereby helping the composite component achieve better thermal comfort control at a specific visible light reflectance level.

[0179] Introducing a first dielectric layer and a second dielectric layer into the semi-reflective layer can protect the silver or silver alloy in the silver metal layer or silver alloy layer from damage such as oxidation, moisture, or scratches, thus extending the service life of the semi-reflective layer. Furthermore, the first and second dielectric layers enable the semi-reflective layer to have adjustable anti-reflection properties in the visible light range. They also allow for adjustment of the color of visible light reflected by the semi-reflective layer based on optical interference, thereby giving the composite component a unique appearance and aesthetic value.

[0180] The first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer exhibit excellent adhesion characteristics to the layers in contact with them. This excellent adhesion property is beneficial for achieving a firm bond between layers. Taking the second dielectric layer as an example, when its two side surfaces are respectively in contact with a substrate layer (including a transparent substrate or a light-absorbing substrate) and a single-layer silver metal layer or a single-layer silver alloy layer (or the second blocking layer), the second dielectric layer can form extremely excellent adhesion effects with both the single-layer silver metal layer or the single-layer silver alloy layer (or the second blocking layer) and the substrate layer. In particular, when the second dielectric layer is in contact with a glass substrate as the substrate layer, it can achieve a good adhesion state with the glass substrate, ensuring the stability and reliability of the overall structure. In addition, the second dielectric layer can also block the diffusion of ions (such as sodium ions) from the glass substrate, thereby avoiding the possible adverse effects of these ions on the performance of the semi-reflective layer.

[0181] When the first dielectric layer and / or the second dielectric layer includes a dielectric material layer that can provide seed points (such as a zinc oxide layer or a doped zinc oxide layer, preferably, the doped zinc oxide layer includes an aluminum-doped zinc oxide layer or a gallium-doped zinc oxide layer), the seed points can promote the deposition or growth of subsequent materials on the surface of the dielectric material layer itself. When the second dielectric layer includes such a dielectric material layer, it is also beneficial for promoting the crystallization of silver in the silver metal or silver alloy layer on the surface of the dielectric material layer, thereby further improving the optical performance of the semi-reflective layer.

[0182] In a preferred embodiment, each of the at least one dielectric material layer independently includes the following oxides or nitrides: silicon, zirconium, titanium, tin, zinc, or any combination thereof. In a more preferred embodiment, each of the at least one dielectric material layer independently includes a nitride of silicon (SiNx, for example, 1 < x < 1.34), a silicon-zirconium nitride (i.e., a nitride formed by silicon and zirconium in a certain proportion, such as: it can be represented as SiZrNx, for example, 1 < x < 1.34), an oxide of titanium (TiOx, for example, 1.5 < x ≤ 2), a tin-zinc oxide (i.e., an oxide formed by tin and zinc in a certain proportion, such as: it can be represented as SnZnOx, for example, 1.5 < x ≤ 2), zinc oxide, or doped zinc oxide (doped zinc oxide includes, but is not limited to: aluminum-doped zinc oxide, gallium-doped zinc oxide). In one embodiment, the first dielectric layer includes: a silicon-zirconium nitride layer, a silicon nitride (Si3N4) layer, and a zinc oxide layer. In one embodiment, the second dielectric layer includes: a silicon-zirconium nitride layer, a silicon nitride (Si3N4) layer, and a zinc oxide layer.

[0183] There are no special restrictions on the respective thicknesses of the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer, and they can be adjusted according to the actual situation.

[0184] Single-layer silver metal layer or single-layer silver alloy layer

[0185] A single-layer silver metal layer refers to a single layer formed of silver. A single-layer silver alloy layer refers to a single layer formed of a silver alloy. Silver or silver alloys are key materials used to provide reflection in a semi-reflective layer. The silver alloy refers to an alloy with silver as its main component; for example, the silver content in the silver alloy can be 50% by weight or more, 60% by weight or more, 70% by weight or more, 80% by weight or more, 90% by weight or more, etc. The silver alloy includes, but is not limited to, silver-zinc alloys, silver-aluminum alloys, etc.

[0186] A single layer of silver metal or silver alloy of suitable thickness is beneficial for the semi-reflective layer to achieve lower absorption and scattering of near-infrared light and higher reflectivity. In one embodiment, the thickness of the single layer of silver metal or silver alloy is 15 nm or more, for example, 15 nm or more, 25 nm or more, or 30 nm or more. Unbound by theory, compared to a single layer of silver metal or silver alloy of the same total thickness composed of multiple single layers of silver metal or silver alloy, the disclosed single layer of silver metal or silver alloy is a single layer with a relatively high thickness and larger grain size of silver or silver alloy. This is beneficial for the semi-reflective layer to achieve the advantages of lower absorption and scattering of near-infrared light and higher reflectivity, which is beneficial to the optical performance of the composite component containing the semi-reflective layer. The thickness of the single layer of silver metal or silver alloy can be controlled within a specific range to achieve a suitable range of transmittance for the composite component. In one embodiment, the thickness of the single layer of silver metal or silver alloy is less than 50 nm, for example, less than 50 nm, 48 nm or less, or 45 nm or less. In one embodiment, the thickness of the single-layer silver metal layer or single-layer silver alloy layer is 15-50 nm, preferably 25-50 nm, more preferably 30-45 nm, such as 15 nm, 16 nm, 17 nm, 18 nm, 19 nm, 20 nm, 21 nm, 22 nm, 23 nm, 24 nm, 25 nm, 26 nm, 27 nm, 28 nm, 29 nm, 30 nm, 31 nm, 32 nm, 33 nm, 34 nm, 35 nm, 36 nm, 37 nm, 38 nm, 39 nm, 40 nm, 41 nm, 42 nm, 43 nm, 44 nm, 45 nm, 46 nm, 47 nm, 48 nm, 49 nm, 50 nm, etc. In one embodiment, the semi-reflective layer comprises only one single-layer silver metal layer or single-layer silver alloy layer. In other words, a single layer of silver metal or a single layer of silver alloy serves as the functional layer (or metal functional layer) of the semi-reflective layer. The entire semi-reflective layer contains only one such functional layer (or metal functional layer), that is, it does not contain another layer of silver metal or silver alloy or another layer of other metal or metal alloy.

[0187] The semi-reflective layer of this disclosure includes a single-layer silver metal layer or a single-layer silver alloy layer of a specific thickness. This semi-reflective layer has high reflectivity for visible light and even higher reflectivity for infrared light. This results in a high direct solar reflectance (RDS) for diffuse reflection of sunlight incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate, and also a high diffuse reflectance of visible light incident from the same side. This facilitates excellent thermal comfort control in the composite component. In one embodiment, the direct solar reflectance (RDS) of the composite component including the semi-reflective layer of this disclosure for diffuse reflection of sunlight incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate is about 55% or more, preferably about 58%, 60%, 62%, 64%, or about 64.3% or more. In another embodiment, the diffuse reflectance of the composite component including the semi-reflective layer of this disclosure for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate is about 40% to about 90%.

[0188] First blocking layer and second blocking layer

[0189] A first blocking layer is used to protect the silver metal layer or silver alloy layer during and after the fabrication of the semi-reflective layer. The first blocking layer may be located on and in contact with one side of the silver metal layer or silver alloy layer. A second blocking layer may optionally be present; it may be located on the side of the silver metal layer or silver alloy layer opposite to the first blocking layer and in contact with it. The second blocking layer helps improve the adhesion of the silver metal layer or silver alloy layer.

[0190] In one embodiment, the first and second blocking layers each independently comprise any one or any combination of nickel, chromium, titanium, niobium, gold, and any alloy thereof. The alloys include, but are not limited to, nickel-chromium alloys. In a preferred embodiment, the semi-reflective layer does not include a second blocking layer.

[0191] There are no special limitations on the thickness of the first and second blocking layers; they can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0192] When the first dielectric layer includes a dielectric material layer that can provide seed points, the dielectric material layer that can provide seed points can be in contact with the first blocking layer.

[0193] When the second dielectric layer includes a dielectric material layer that can provide seed points: if the semi-reflective layer does not include a second blocking layer, the dielectric material layer that can provide seed points can be in contact with a single-layer silver metal layer or a single-layer silver alloy layer; if the semi-reflective layer includes a second blocking layer, the dielectric material layer that can provide seed points can be in contact with the second blocking layer.

[0194] Cover layer

[0195] The covering layer is conducive to further protecting the semi-reflective layer from chemical or physical damage and can also improve the smoothness of the semi-reflective layer within the desired range. During the preparation and subsequent use of the composite component containing the semi-reflective layer, the covering layer is conducive to protecting the semi-reflective layer from external damage, which is beneficial to the yield rate during the preparation of the composite component and can also extend the service life of the semi-reflective layer. The covering layer includes the following oxides: silicon, zirconium, titanium or any combination thereof, preferably zirconium oxide, silicon dioxide, titanium-zirconium oxide (i.e., an oxide formed by titanium and zirconium in a certain proportion, which can be represented as TiZrOx, for example, 1.5 < x ≤ 2), or silicon-titanium oxide (i.e., an oxide formed by silicon and titanium in a certain proportion, which can be represented as SiTiOx, for example, 1.5 < x ≤ 2). In one embodiment, the covering layer includes titanium zirconium oxide (TiZrO2).

[0196] The thickness of the covering layer has no special limitation and can be adjusted according to the actual situation.

[0197] Light-absorbing substrate

[0198] In the present disclosure, the light-absorbing substrate refers to a material layer with a high absorption rate for visible light. The combination of the light-absorbing substrate and the semi-reflective layer helps the composite component of the present disclosure to achieve desired effects according to requirements, such as: projection display effect, light pollution control, visual scene optimization (for example, clearer visual scene) effect, excellent thermal comfort effect, etc.

[0199] Specifically, for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate, after the semi-reflective layer achieves a high degree of diffuse reflection, some of the visible light that passes through the semi-reflective layer is further absorbed by the light-absorbing substrate, enabling the composite component of this disclosure to achieve a low transmittance effect, thereby realizing desired functions such as privacy functions and reducing interference from ambient light on the projection display in certain corresponding settings. Furthermore, for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate, the light-absorbing substrate can appropriately absorb the visible light incident from this side (including the first incident visible light and the visible light diffusely reflected by the semi-reflective layer), thereby controlling the intensity of the diffusely reflected visible light. This helps to achieve, for example, appropriate projection display brightness on the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate in certain corresponding settings, avoid potential light pollution on the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate, and, in certain corresponding settings, obtain a better (e.g., clearer) view on the other side of the composite component from that side. For example, if the composite component is used in a car sunroof, the light-absorbing substrate in the composite component helps control the light intensity of the in-vehicle environment. In certain corresponding settings, this achieves suitable projection display brightness and avoids potential light pollution (e.g., excessive reflection of ambient light or light from a large display panel towards the occupants). In other corresponding settings, it also enables the occupants to have a better view of the outside world, such as a clearer view. Additionally, optionally, the light-absorbing substrate can also help adjust the visible light color on the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate. In one embodiment, the light-absorbing substrate includes a coloring layer, such as a colored polymer layer, a colored glass substrate, or a dark-state dimming film (i.e., the dimming film is in a dark state).

[0200] Composition of light-absorbing substrate

[0201] In one embodiment, the light-absorbing substrate includes any one or any combination of a glass substrate, an adhesive layer, a polymer layer, a dimming film, and a film substrate layer. For example, the light-absorbing substrate may be a glass substrate, an adhesive layer, a dimming film, a polymer layer, a film substrate layer, etc. In a specific embodiment, the light-absorbing substrate may be a combination of a glass substrate and / or an adhesive layer and / or a dimming film and / or a polymer layer and / or a film substrate layer.

[0202] Glass substrate

[0203] In this article, the glass substrates that can be used as light-absorbing substrates are similar to the description of glass substrates that can be used as transparent substrates above. Furthermore, the glass used as a light-absorbing substrate can be, for example, colorless glass, or, for example, colored glass that exhibits color due to the incorporation of oxides or salts of certain metals.

[0204] Glass substrates can be used as transparent layers and / or light-absorbing layers in light-absorbing substrates (detailed below).

[0205] Furthermore, in some embodiments, when the glass substrate serves as the light-absorbing substrate and is located away from the outermost layer of the semi-reflective layer, a LowE (Low emissivity) coating can be formed on the side of the glass substrate facing away from the semi-reflective layer, thereby forming a low-emissivity glass substrate. Since the LowE coating has high transmittance of visible light and high reflectivity of infrared light, it helps to achieve further thermal comfort control. Additionally, an anti-reflective coating can also be formed on the side of the glass substrate facing away from the semi-reflective layer, thereby forming an anti-reflective glass substrate, which further helps to achieve a further anti-glare effect.

[0206] Adhesive layer

[0207] In this article, the adhesive layer that can be used on light-absorbing substrates is similar to the description above regarding adhesive layers that can be used on transparent substrates. The adhesive layer can be used as a transparent layer and / or a light-absorbing layer in a light-absorbing substrate (detailed below).

[0208] polymer layer

[0209] In this article, the polymer layer that can be used in light-absorbing substrates is similar to the description above regarding polymer layers that can be used in transparent substrates. The polymer layer can be used as a transparent layer and / or a light-absorbing layer in a light-absorbing substrate (detailed below).

[0210] dimming film

[0211] The dimming film can be a smart light-controlling film, including components with dimming functions, such as liquid crystal molecules, photosensitizers, etc. In this disclosure, when the dimming film is used as the light-absorbing layer described in detail below, a dark-state dimming film is utilized (the dimming film is in a dark state) to achieve the light absorption effect. In this document, the "dark state" of the dimming film refers to the state in which the dimming film enables the composite component to meet the conditions for light absorption.

[0212] In one embodiment, the dimming film is a single-layer dimming film, which includes any one or any combination of dyed polymer-dispersed liquid crystal dimming film, suspended particle dimming film, electrochromic dimming film, and host-guest type liquid crystal dimming film, preferably a host-guest type liquid crystal dimming film. In this document, "a single-layer dimming film comprising a combination of multiple types of dimming films" means that the multiple types of dimming films are distributed in different regions of the same layer, collectively constituting a single-layer dimming film.

[0213] In one embodiment, the dimming film is a single-layer dimming film, which includes any one or any combination of dyed polymer-dispersed liquid crystal dimming film, suspended particle dimming film, electrochromic dimming film, and host-guest type liquid crystal dimming film, preferably a host-guest type liquid crystal dimming film. In this document, "a single-layer dimming film comprising a combination of multiple types of dimming films" means that the multiple types of dimming films are distributed in different regions of the same layer, collectively constituting a single-layer dimming film.

[0214] In another embodiment, the dimming film comprises at least two sub-dimming films, each of which independently comprises: a dyed polymer-dispersed liquid crystal dimming film, a suspended particle dimming film, an electrochromic dimming film, a host-guest type liquid crystal dimming film, or any combination thereof, more preferably a host-guest type liquid crystal dimming film. That is, the dimming film comprises at least one host-guest type liquid crystal dimming film. A dimming film comprising multiple sub-dimming films means that the dimming film comprises a stack of multiple sub-dimming films (e.g., separated by other layers). Similarly, a sub-dimming film comprising a combination of multiple types of dimming films specifically refers to the multiple types of dimming films being distributed in different regions of the same layer, collectively constituting that sub-dimming film.

[0215] In one embodiment, the dimming film includes any one or any combination of a dyed polymer-dispersed liquid crystal dimming film, a suspended particle dimming film, an electrochromic dimming film, and a host-guest type liquid crystal dimming film. In a preferred embodiment, the dimming film is a host-guest type liquid crystal dimming film.

[0216] In one implementation, the area or size of the dimming film is approximately the same as the area or size of the semi-reflective layer. Here, area or size refers to the area or size projected along the cross-sectional direction of the composite component. The "cross-section" of the composite component is a section taken along the thickness direction of the composite component, and the "cross-sectional direction" is a direction perpendicular to the main surface of the composite component or the normal direction of the main surface of the composite component.

[0217] In one embodiment, the area or size of the semi-reflective layer is approximately the same as the area or size of the transparent substrate and / or the light-absorbing substrate.

[0218] In one embodiment, a dimming film can enable the composite component to achieve specific functional modes. In one embodiment, the dimming film is configured to switch between a first visible light absorption rate and a second visible light absorption rate greater than the first visible light absorption rate. In a further embodiment, when the dimming film has the first visible light absorption rate, the composite component has a diffuse reflectance of about 10% to about 25% for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate opposite to the transparent substrate. In another further embodiment, when the second visible light absorption rate is present, the composite component has a diffuse reflectance of less than about 10% for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate opposite to the transparent substrate, preferably less than about 8%, less than about 7%, less than about 6%, less than about 5%, less than about 4%, less than about 3%, less than about 2%, or less than about 1%. In one embodiment, switching the state of the dimming film allows the composite component to switch between different functional modes. This configuration allows for more optional functions to be implemented in the same composite component without significantly increasing costs.

[0219] In one specific embodiment, the dimming film is configured to switch between a first visible light absorption rate and a second visible light absorption rate greater than the first visible light absorption rate. When the dimming film has the first visible light absorption rate, the composite component has a first diffuse reflectance rate for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate, and when it has the second visible light absorption rate, the composite component has a second diffuse reflectance rate for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate, which is less than the first diffuse reflectance rate. In a further embodiment, the first diffuse reflectance rate is about 10% to about 25%; and / or the second diffuse reflectance rate is less than about 10%, preferably less than about 8%, less than about 7%, less than about 6%, less than about 5%, less than about 4%, less than about 3%, less than about 2%, or less than about 1%.

[0220] When the dimming film has a first visible light absorption rate, the composite component has a suitable range of diffuse reflectance for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate, for example, from about 10% to about 25% as described above, which is beneficial for achieving a balance between, for example, projection display functionality and light pollution control. In a preferred embodiment, when the dimming film has the first visible light absorption rate, the haze of the composite component of this disclosure is below 10%.

[0221] When the dimming film has a second visible light absorption rate, the composite component has a low diffuse reflectance of visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate, for example, less than about 10%, less than about 8%, less than about 7%, less than about 6%, less than about 5%, less than about 4%, less than about 3%, less than about 2%, or less than about 1%, as described above. This can, for example, minimize potential light pollution problems on the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate, and optimize the view from that side to the other side (e.g., make the view from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate to the other side clearer).

[0222] When the dimming film is a single-layer dimming film, the single-layer dimming film can switch between a first visible light absorption rate and a second visible light absorption rate greater than the first visible light absorption rate, thereby enabling the composite component to switch between different functional modes. That is, the first visible light absorption rate and the second visible light absorption rate at this time refer to the first visible light absorption rate and the second visible light absorption rate of the single-layer dimming film, respectively.

[0223] When a dimming film comprises two or more sub-dimming films (e.g., separated by other layers), by setting the state of each sub-dimming film, the overall dimming film composed of the multi-layer sub-dimming films can switch between a first visible light absorption rate and a second visible light absorption rate greater than the first visible light absorption rate, thereby enabling the composite component to switch between different functional modes. That is, the first and second visible light absorption rates at this time refer to the overall first and second visible light absorption rates of the dimming film, respectively.

[0224] A high-contrast dimming film facilitates the implementation of switchable functional modes in composite components. Here, "contrast ratio" refers to the ratio of the highest visible light transmittance to the lowest visible light transmittance of the dimming film. In one embodiment, the contrast ratio of the dimming film is 5 or higher, or 10 or higher, preferably 5-20 or 10-20. Those skilled in the art will understand that the visible light transmittance of a dimming film is negatively correlated with its absorption rate of visible light. For example, increasing the visible light transmittance of a dimming film means reducing its absorption of visible light, resulting in a lower visible light absorption rate. Here, when two or more sub-dimming films are included (e.g., separated by other layers), the aforementioned "contrast ratio of the dimming film" refers to the contrast ratio of any one or more of the two or more sub-dimming films. That is, it is not required that the contrast ratio of all sub-dimming films must meet the set value.

[0225] When the light-absorbing substrate includes a dimming film, the excellent thermal comfort of the composite component of this application has a positive effect on the dimming film. As a device that is relatively sensitive to high temperatures, the excellent thermal comfort of the composite component helps ensure its stable operation, reduces performance loss caused by excessive temperature, and thus improves its service life and working efficiency.

[0226] Membrane substrate layer

[0227] In this article, the film substrate layer that can be used in light-absorbing substrates can be referred to the description above regarding film substrate layers that can be used in transparent substrates. The film substrate layer can be used as a transparent layer and / or a light-absorbing layer in a light-absorbing substrate (detailed below).

[0228] Setting of light-absorbing substrate

[0229] The light-absorbing substrate comprises two main surfaces. In this disclosure, one main surface of the light-absorbing substrate is textured and contacts the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, wherein the texture of the contact surface between the light-absorbing substrate and the semi-reflective layer is complementary to the texture of the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer. Correspondingly, the other main surface of the light-absorbing substrate is smooth and non-rough, and it faces away from the semi-reflective layer. The light-absorbing substrate can be a single layer or multiple layers. When the light-absorbing substrate is a single layer, the single-layer light-absorbing substrate is a light-absorbing layer with light-absorbing function. When the light-absorbing substrate is multiple layers, at least one layer of the light-absorbing substrate is a light-absorbing layer with light-absorbing function.

[0230] In one exemplary implementation, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the light-absorbing substrate 103 is in contact with the textured second outer surface 1022 of the semi-reflective layer 102, and the contact surface between the light-absorbing substrate and the semi-reflective layer is textured, the texture of which is complementary to the texture of the second outer surface 1022 of the semi-reflective layer 102; while the main surface of the light-absorbing substrate 103 facing away from the semi-reflective layer 102 is smooth and not rough.

[0231] In one embodiment, the light-absorbing substrate includes at least one light-absorbing layer, wherein one surface of the light-absorbing layer contacts the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, and the contact surface of the light-absorbing layer is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer. In another embodiment, the light-absorbing substrate includes at least one light-absorbing layer and at least one transparent layer, wherein one surface of the light-absorbing layer or one of the transparent layers contacts the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, and the contact surface of the light-absorbing layer or one of the transparent layers is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer. In the composite components of this disclosure, a "light-absorbing layer" refers to a layer in the light-absorbing substrate that has a certain degree of light absorption, which can absorb a certain amount of visible light relative to the transparent layer.

[0232] In one specific implementation, when the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate in contact with the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is a glass substrate, the texture on the glass substrate can be achieved through processes such as acid etching, sandblasting, and laser etching. When the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate in contact with the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymer layer, a film substrate layer, or a dimming film, the texture on the polymer layer, film substrate layer, or dimming film can be achieved through processes such as nanoimprinting (e.g., ultraviolet nanoimprinting, thermal nanoimprinting, molding nanoimprinting) or transfer printing (e.g., ultraviolet transfer printing). For the glass film included in the film substrate layer, the texture can typically be achieved through techniques such as direct laser writing or acid etching.

[0233] In one embodiment, the first transparent layer of the transparent substrate in contact with the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is a glass substrate, and the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate in contact with the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymer layer or an adhesive layer; or the first transparent layer of the transparent substrate in contact with the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymer layer, and the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate in contact with the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymer layer, an adhesive layer, a glass substrate, a film substrate layer, or a dimming film; or the first transparent layer of the transparent substrate in contact with the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is an adhesive layer, and the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate in contact with the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymer layer, a glass substrate, a film substrate layer, or a dimming film; or the first transparent layer of the transparent substrate in contact with the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is a film substrate layer, and the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate in contact with the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymer layer or an adhesive layer.

[0234] In one embodiment, the light-absorbing substrate further includes a second light-absorbing layer or a transparent layer, which contacts the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate on the side opposite to the semi-reflective layer. When the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate is a polymer layer, the second light-absorbing layer or transparent layer is an adhesive layer. Optionally, the light-absorbing substrate further includes a glass substrate or a dimming film that contacts the adhesive layer on the side opposite to the polymer layer. More optionally, the light-absorbing substrate further includes an adhesive layer that contacts the dimming film on the side opposite to the polymer layer. Even more optionally, the light-absorbing substrate further includes an adhesive layer that contacts the dimming film on the side opposite to the polymer layer. The light-absorbing substrate further includes a glass substrate that contacts the adhesive layer on the side of the adhesive layer opposite to the polymer layer; or the second light-absorbing layer or transparent layer is a film substrate layer. Optionally, the light-absorbing substrate further includes an adhesive layer that contacts the film substrate layer on the side of the film substrate layer opposite to the polymer layer. More optionally, the light-absorbing substrate further includes a glass substrate or dimming film that contacts the adhesive layer on the side of the adhesive layer opposite to the film substrate layer. Even more optionally, the light-absorbing substrate further includes an adhesive layer that contacts the dimming film on the side of the dimming film opposite to the film substrate layer. Still more optionally, the light-absorbing substrate further includes an adhesive layer that contacts the adhesive layer on the side of the adhesive layer opposite to the film substrate layer. The first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate is in contact with the adhesive layer on the side of the light-absorbing substrate layer opposite to the polymer layer; or the second light-absorbing layer or transparent layer is a dimming film. Optionally, the light-absorbing substrate further includes an adhesive layer in contact with the dimming film on the side of the dimming film opposite to the polymer layer. More optionally, the light-absorbing substrate further includes a glass substrate in contact with the adhesive layer on the side of the adhesive layer opposite to the dimming film. When the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate is an adhesive layer, the second light-absorbing layer or transparent layer is a glass substrate or a dimming film. Optionally, the light-absorbing substrate further includes an adhesive layer in contact with the dimming film on the side of the dimming film opposite to the adhesive layer. Optionally, the light-absorbing substrate further includes a glass substrate that contacts the adhesive layer on the side of the adhesive layer opposite to the dimming film; when the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate is a film substrate layer, the second light-absorbing layer or transparent layer is an adhesive layer. Optionally, the light-absorbing substrate further includes a glass substrate or dimming film that contacts the adhesive layer on the side of the adhesive layer opposite to the film substrate layer. More optionally, the light-absorbing substrate further includes an adhesive layer that contacts the dimming film on the side of the dimming film opposite to the film substrate layer. Even more optionally, the light-absorbing substrate further includes a glass substrate that contacts the adhesive layer on the side of the adhesive layer opposite to the film substrate layer.When the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate is a dimming film, the second light-absorbing layer or transparent layer is an adhesive layer. Optionally, the light-absorbing substrate further includes a glass substrate that contacts the adhesive layer on the side of the adhesive layer opposite to the dimming film.

[0235] In one specific embodiment, the light-absorbing substrate is a single-layer light-absorbing layer, one surface of which is in contact with the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer. The contact surface of the single-layer light-absorbing layer is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer. In a more specific embodiment, the single-layer light-absorbing layer is any one of a glass substrate, a polymer layer, a film substrate layer, or a dimming film.

[0236] In another specific embodiment, the light-absorbing substrate includes at least one light-absorbing layer, wherein one surface of the light-absorbing layer is in contact with the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, and the contact surface of the light-absorbing layer is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer. In one specific embodiment, the at least one light-absorbing layer includes any one or any combination of a glass substrate, a polymer layer, an adhesive layer, a dimming film, and a film substrate layer.

[0237] In another specific embodiment, the light-absorbing substrate includes at least one light-absorbing layer and at least one transparent layer, wherein one surface of the light-absorbing layer or one of the transparent layers is in contact with the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, and the contact surface of the light-absorbing layer or the transparent layer is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer. In one specific embodiment, the at least one light-absorbing layer or the at least one transparent layer includes any one or any combination of a glass substrate, a polymer layer, an adhesive layer, a dimming film, and a film substrate layer.

[0238] When the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate is a polymer layer, it is preferable that the first transparent layer of the transparent substrate is a polymer layer. Similarly, when the first transparent layer of the transparent substrate is a polymer layer, it is preferable that the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate is a polymer layer. This arrangement better protects the semi-reflective layer during the fabrication and use of the composite component.

[0239] When the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate is a polymer layer and the second light-absorbing layer or transparent layer of the light-absorbing substrate is a film substrate layer, it is preferable that the second transparent layer of the transparent substrate is a film substrate layer. This arrangement better protects the semi-reflective layer during the fabrication and use of the composite component.

[0240] electrode

[0241] The composite component may also include electrodes that are electrically connected to the semi-reflective layer, thereby giving the composite component a heating function. There are no particular limitations on how the semi-reflective layer and the electrodes are electrically connected; conventional methods in the art can be used. When the electrodes are connected to an external power source and a current path is formed, the composite component can achieve a heating effect.

[0242] The composite component with heating function disclosed herein, while ensuring excellent thermal comfort, also exhibits the following advantages: 1. Stable dimming film performance: When the composite component includes a dimming film, its heating function effectively avoids the performance degradation of the dimming film caused by low ambient temperature, ensuring stable performance of the dimming film at low ambient temperatures; 2. Prevention of surface frost: The heating function of the composite component prevents frost / water vapor condensation on the surface of the composite component due to lower ambient temperature, maintaining the cleanliness and normal use of the composite component surface; 3. Compared to laminating a heating film inside the composite component and using the film to achieve the heating function, the method of achieving the heating function in this disclosure is lower in cost and avoids defects that may be caused by laminating a heating film (e.g., orange peel-like appearance, wrinkles, etc.), and the thermal comfort of the composite component with heating function disclosed herein is excellent; 4. Compared to setting an infrared reflective coating (IRR coating) in the composite component and using the IRR coating to achieve the heating function, the thermal comfort of the composite component with heating function disclosed herein is also significantly better.

[0243] In one embodiment, the electrodes can be positioned at the circumferential edge of the composite component. This arrangement not only facilitates external power supply but also avoids obstructing the view, enhancing aesthetics and providing a better user experience.

[0244] In a further embodiment, a dark enamel is provided at the circumferential edge of the composite component to obscure the electrodes. This arrangement further optimizes the visual effect. "Obscured" means that when one or more main surfaces of the composite component are observed with the naked eye, only the dark enamel is visible, and the electrodes behind the dark enamel are essentially invisible (here, "electrodes behind the dark enamel" means that the electrodes are farther away from the observer than the dark enamel). The color of the dark enamel is not particularly limited and can be selected according to actual needs; for example, the dark enamel can be black enamel, dark brown enamel, etc.

[0245] In one embodiment, the sheet resistance of the semi-reflective layer is 4 Ω / □ or less, preferably 2 Ω / □ or less, and more preferably 1 Ω / □ or less. A lower sheet resistance of the semi-reflective layer is beneficial for providing good heating performance.

[0246] In one embodiment, the semi-reflective layer comprises a silver metal layer or a silver alloy layer. The silver alloy refers to an alloy with silver as its main component; for example, the silver content in the silver alloy can be 50% or more by weight, 60% or more by weight, 70% or more by weight, 80% or more by weight, 90% or more by weight, etc. The silver alloy includes, but is not limited to, silver-zinc alloys, silver-aluminum alloys, etc. For a semi-reflective layer comprising a silver metal layer or a silver alloy layer, given the low resistivity of silver or silver alloys, it is beneficial to reduce the sheet resistance of the semi-reflective layer. Furthermore, the silver metal layer or silver alloy layer is resistant to bending, thus applicable to a wider range of processing scenarios.

[0247] When the semi-reflective layer is in contact with a glass substrate, electrodes can be fabricated using silver paste and by etching the semi-reflective layer. In this case, the material properties of the glass substrate (and / or the dark enamel on the surface of the glass substrate) facilitate a strong bond with the silver paste electrode and also allow for the pre-setting of grooves on the surface of the glass substrate (and / or the dark enamel on the surface of the glass substrate) to fill the silver paste, thereby forming the electrode with the desired layout. In one embodiment, when the layer in contact with the first or second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is a glass substrate, the electrode can be a silver paste electrode. When the semi-reflective layer is in contact with a polymer material layer, the electrode can be fabricated using, for example, plasma etching.

[0248] Haze of composite components

[0249] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the transparent substrate 101 is in contact with the first outer surface 1021 of the semi-reflective layer 102, and the light-absorbing substrate 103 is in contact with the second outer surface 1022 of the semi-reflective layer 102. The light-absorbing substrate 103 and the transparent substrate 101 have similar or identical refractive indices, which helps to give the composite component of this disclosure low haze, thereby meeting the low haze requirements of certain applications. For example, the haze can be below 10%, preferably below 5%. The low haze of the composite component ensures a clear view through the composite component. Specifically, as described above, the transparent substrate and the light-absorbing substrate each comprise at least one layer, and any layer of the transparent substrate has similar or identical refractive indices to any layer of the light-absorbing substrate. In one embodiment, the absolute value of the refractive index difference between any layer in the light-absorbing substrate and any layer in the transparent substrate can be less than 0.05, preferably less than 0.02, more preferably less than 0.015, such as less than 0.05, less than 0.02, less than 0.018, less than 0.016, less than 0.015, less than 0.014, less than 0.012, less than 0.01, less than 0.008, less than 0.006, less than 0.004, less than 0.002, etc.

[0250] Exemplary configuration of composite components

[0251] In the previous section introducing transparent and light-absorbing substrates, examples of some possible configurations for transparent and light-absorbing substrates were given. Those skilled in the art will understand that it is impossible to exhaustively list all possible configurations for composite components; therefore, the following section will only list a few specific configurations of composite components as examples.

[0252] In one exemplary implementation, such as Figure 3 As shown, the composite component of this disclosure includes a polymer layer 2031, a semi-reflective layer 2032, a polymer layer 2033, a film substrate layer 2034, and an electrode ( Figure 3 (Not shown in the diagram), wherein the electrodes are conductively connected to the semi-reflective layer 2032. Since one side of the semi-reflective layer 2032 is a transparent substrate and the corresponding other side is a light-absorbing substrate, any one of the polymer layer 2031, polymer layer 2033, and film substrate layer 2034 is a transparent substrate, and the other is a light-absorbing substrate. For example, when polymer layer 2033 and film substrate layer 2034 are light-absorbing substrates, at least one of polymer layer 2033 and film substrate layer 2034 is a light-absorbing layer. The transparent substrate faces the external sunlight, that is, the transparent substrate is closer to the external sunlight than the light-absorbing substrate. When it is desired that the composite component has a projection display function, the light-absorbing substrate faces the projection light when the composite component is used as a projection screen. Further, the main body of the composite component (excluding the part where the electrodes are located) may be composed of polymer layer 2031, semi-reflective layer 2032, polymer layer 2033, and film substrate layer 2034.

[0253] In further exemplary embodiments, such as Figure 11 As shown, it can be Figure 3 The laminated structure shown is bonded to the glass substrate 1101 via an adhesive layer 1102. In other words, at this point, the composite assembly of this disclosure includes a glass substrate 1101, an adhesive layer 1102, and as shown in the diagram. Figure 3 The layered structure 1103 shown. Figure 3 The membrane substrate layer 2034 shown can be located away from the adhesive layer 1102 relative to the polymer layer 2031. Optionally, when the membrane substrate layer 2034 is a glass film, the glass film can be a tempered glass film, such as a chemically tempered glass film. Similarly, one side of the semi-reflective layer 2032 is a transparent substrate, and the corresponding other side is a light-absorbing substrate. Further details are omitted here. Further, the main body of the composite component (excluding the portion where the electrodes are located) can be composed of a glass substrate 1101, an adhesive layer 1102, and such... Figure 3 The stacked structure 1103 shown (correspondingly, excluding electrodes) is composed of...

[0254] In further exemplary embodiments, such as Figure 12 As shown, it can be Figure 3 The laminated structure shown is sandwiched between a first glass substrate 1201 and a second glass substrate 1205 via a first adhesive layer 1202 and a second adhesive layer 1204. That is, at this point, the composite component of this disclosure includes a first glass substrate 1201, a first adhesive layer 1202, and a second adhesive layer 1204. Figure 3 The layered structure 1203, the second adhesive layer 1204, and the second glass substrate 1205 are shown. Figure 3 The film substrate layer 2034 shown can be closer to the first glass substrate 1201 or closer to the second glass substrate 1205 relative to the polymer layer 2031. Further, Figure 12 The composite component shown can also omit [something]. Figure 3 The membrane substrate layer 2034 and / or polymer layer 2031 shown. Furthermore, for example, in... Figure 12 A dimming film is inserted between the two glass substrates, which will not be described in detail here. Similarly, one side of the semi-reflective layer 2032 is a transparent substrate, and the corresponding other side is a light-absorbing substrate. This will not be described in detail here. Further, the main body of the composite component (excluding the part where the electrodes are located) can be composed of a first glass substrate 1201, a first adhesive layer 1202, and so on. Figure 3 The stacked structure shown is composed of a second adhesive layer 1204 and a second glass substrate 1205.

[0255] In one exemplary implementation, such as Figure 4As shown, the composite component of this disclosure includes a glass substrate 2035, a semi-reflective layer 2032, an adhesive layer 2036, a glass substrate 2037, and an electrode ( Figure 4 (Not shown in the diagram), wherein the electrodes are conductively connected to the semi-reflective layer 2032. Since one side of the semi-reflective layer 2032 is a transparent substrate and the corresponding other side is a light-absorbing substrate, either the glass substrate 2035 or the adhesive layer 2036 and glass substrate 2037 is a transparent substrate, and the other is a light-absorbing substrate. For example, when the adhesive layer 2036 and glass substrate 2037 are light-absorbing substrates, at least one of the adhesive layer 2036 and glass substrate 2037 is a light-absorbing layer. Alternatively, the glass substrate 2037 can be replaced with a dimming film, in which case the adhesive layer 2036 and dimming film 2037 are light-absorbing substrates. The transparent substrate faces the external sunlight; that is, the transparent substrate is closer to the external sunlight than the light-absorbing substrate. When the composite assembly is desired to have a projection display function, the light-absorbing substrate faces the projection light when the composite assembly is used as a projection screen. Furthermore, the main body of the composite component (excluding the part where the electrodes are located) may be composed of a glass substrate 2035, a semi-reflective layer 2032, an adhesive layer 2036, and a glass substrate 2037.

[0256] In one exemplary implementation, such as Figure 13 As shown, the composite component of this disclosure includes a glass substrate 1301, an adhesive layer 1303, a polymer layer 1304, a semi-reflective layer 1302, a glass substrate 1305, and an electrode ( Figure 13 (Not shown in the diagram), where the electrodes are conductively connected to the semi-reflective layer 1302. The polymer layer 1304 here serves a planarization function and is therefore sometimes referred to as a planarization layer. Since one side of the semi-reflective layer 1302 is a transparent substrate and the corresponding other side is a light-absorbing substrate, any one of the glass substrate 1301, adhesive layer 1303, polymer layer 1304, and glass substrate 1305 is a transparent substrate, and the other is a light-absorbing substrate. For example, when the glass substrate 1301, adhesive layer 1303, and polymer layer 1304 are light-absorbing substrates, at least one of the glass substrate 1301, adhesive layer 1303, and polymer layer 1304 is a light-absorbing layer. Alternatively, the glass substrate 1301 can be replaced with a dimming film, in which case the dimming film 1301, adhesive layer 1303, and polymer layer 1304 are light-absorbing substrates. The transparent substrate faces the external sunlight; that is, the transparent substrate is closer to the external sunlight than the light-absorbing substrate. When the composite component is desired to have a projection display function, the light-absorbing substrate faces the projection light when the composite component is used as a projection screen. Further, the main body of the composite component (excluding the part where the electrodes are located) may be composed of a glass substrate 1301, an adhesive layer 1303, a polymer layer 1304, a semi-reflective layer 1302, and a glass substrate 1305.

[0257] In one exemplary implementation, such as Figure 14 As shown, the composite component of this disclosure includes a glass substrate 1401, an adhesive layer 1403, a semi-reflective layer 1402, a polymer layer 1404, an adhesive layer 1405, a glass substrate 1406, and an electrode ( Figure 14 (Not shown in the image), wherein the electrodes are conductively connected to the semi-reflective layer 1402. Preferably, the adhesive layer 1405 can be an optical adhesive. Since one side of the semi-reflective layer 1402 is a transparent substrate and the corresponding other side is a light-absorbing substrate, any one of the glass substrate 1401, adhesive layer 1403, polymer layer 1404, adhesive layer 1405, and glass substrate 1406 is a transparent substrate, and the other is a light-absorbing substrate. For example, when the polymer layer 1404, adhesive layer 1405, and glass substrate 1406 are light-absorbing substrates, at least one of the polymer layer 1404, adhesive layer 1405, and glass substrate 1406 is a light-absorbing layer. Alternatively, the glass substrate 1406 can be replaced with a dimming film, in which case the polymer layer 1404, adhesive layer 1405, and dimming film 1406 are light-absorbing substrates. The transparent substrate faces the external sunlight, that is, the transparent substrate is closer to the external sunlight than the light-absorbing substrate. When the composite component is desired to have a projection display function, the light-absorbing substrate faces the projection light when the composite component is used as a projection screen. Further, the main body of the composite component (excluding the part where the electrodes are located) may be composed of a glass substrate 1401, an adhesive layer 1403, a semi-reflective layer 1402, a polymer layer 1404, an adhesive layer 1405, and a glass substrate 1406.

[0258] Properties of the Composite Assembly

[0259] The composite component disclosed herein includes a textured semi-reflective layer that has a high level of diffuse reflection for both visible and near-infrared light, and includes a highly transparent transparent substrate and a light-absorbing substrate that absorbs light. This allows the composite component to achieve desired effects as needed, such as: excellent thermal comfort, projection display effect, light pollution control, and visual optimization (e.g., clearer view).

[0260] Transmission of visible light by composite components

[0261] Figure 5a as well as Figure 5b An exemplary embodiment of the composite component of this disclosure is shown, wherein the composite component includes a transparent substrate 301, a semi-reflective layer 302, and a light-absorbing substrate 303. Visible light 300 can enter the transparent substrate from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate, and pass through the transparent substrate 301, the semi-reflective layer 302, and the light-absorbing substrate 303 in sequence. Through the reflection, transmission, and absorption of incident light by the composite component, excellent thermal comfort control is achieved.

[0262] Specifically, such as Figure 5a As shown, the transmittance TL of the composite component for visible light (illustrated as incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate) is... More specifically, as... Figure 5b As shown, the transmittance TL of the composite component to visible light is related to the transmittance T1 of the transparent substrate to visible light, the transmittance T2 of the semi-reflective layer to visible light, and the transmittance T3 of the light-absorbing substrate to visible light. Therefore, the transmittance TL of the composite component to visible light can be expressed as the relationship in Equation I.

[0263] TL = T1 * T2 * T3 Formula I

[0264] More specifically, when visible light incident from the side of a transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate passes through the transparent substrate, the visible light is reflected, absorbed, and transmitted by the transparent substrate. Specifically, for example... Figure 5b As shown, visible light is first reflected at the interface between the outside (e.g., air) and the transparent substrate, and then absorbed by the transparent substrate. Therefore, the transmittance T1 of the transparent substrate to visible light can be expressed as T1 = (100%-R1) * (100%-A1), where R1 represents the reflectance of the transparent substrate to visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate. Specifically, as shown... Figure 5b As shown, R1 represents the reflectivity of the visible light at the interface between the outside world (e.g., air) and the transparent substrate, and A1 represents the absorption rate of the transparent substrate for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate.

[0265] Similarly, when visible light incident from the side of a transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate passes through the semi-reflective layer, the visible light is diffusely reflected, absorbed, and transmitted by the semi-reflective layer. Because the semi-reflective layer is very thin, such as... Figure 5b As shown, diffuse reflection and absorption occur in the same phase. Therefore, the transmittance T2 of the semi-reflective layer to visible light can be expressed as T2 = (100% - R2 - A2), where R2 represents the diffuse reflectance of the semi-reflective layer to visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate. Figure 5b As shown, the reflection of visible light by the semi-reflective layer is diffuse reflection, and A2 represents the absorption rate of visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate by the semi-reflective layer.

[0266] Similarly, when visible light incident from the side of a transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate passes through the light-absorbing substrate, the visible light is reflected, absorbed, and transmitted by the light-absorbing substrate. Specifically, as... Figure 5bAs shown, visible light is first absorbed by the light-absorbing substrate and then reflected at the interface between the light-absorbing substrate and the outside world (e.g., air). Therefore, the transmittance T3 of the light-absorbing substrate to visible light can be expressed as T3 = (100% - R3) * (100% - A3), where R3 represents the reflectance of the light-absorbing substrate to visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate (i.e., the reflectance of the light-absorbing substrate to incident visible light). Specifically, as... Figure 5b As shown, R3 represents the reflectivity of the visible light at the interface between the light-absorbing substrate and the outside world (e.g., air), and A3 represents the absorption rate of the light-absorbing substrate for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate (i.e., the absorption rate of the light-absorbing substrate for incident visible light).

[0267] Based on this, the transmittance TL of the composite component to visible light can be expressed as the relationship in Equation II.

[0268] TL = (100%-R1) * (100%-A1) * (100%-R2-A2) * (100%-R3) * (100%-A3) Formula II

[0269] In one embodiment, the transmittance TL is from about 0.5% to about 10%. This transmittance range is advantageous for achieving functions such as privacy, external visibility, and reduced interference from ambient light on the projection display. In a preferred embodiment, the transmittance TL is from about 0.5% to about 2.5%, which facilitates all-weather projection display functionality. This disclosure invents a composite component design comprising a transparent substrate, a semi-reflective layer, and a light-absorbing substrate, which is capable of multiple reflections, absorptions, and transmissions of visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate.

[0270] The semi-reflective layer of the composite component diffusely reflects visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate with a high diffuse reflectance. On the one hand, this allows most visible light to be diffusely reflected, with only a small amount passing through the semi-reflective layer, effectively controlling the ambient temperature on the light-absorbing substrate side and contributing to thermal comfort control. On the other hand, because it is diffuse reflection rather than specular reflection, light pollution on the transparent substrate side is very limited. Furthermore, the transparent substrate is highly transparent to visible light and absorbs very little visible light incident from the side away from the light-absorbing substrate. This ensures that the visible light effectively reaches the semi-reflective layer and undergoes high diffuse reflection. The transparent substrate also has very low light absorption of the visible light diffusely reflected by the semi-reflective layer, avoiding the secondary emission problem caused by visible light absorption in existing technologies. This allows for full utilization of the semi-reflective layer's function, thereby achieving thermal comfort control in the composite component. Furthermore, the light-absorbing substrate can be combined with a semi-reflective layer to achieve the target transmittance (TL) of the composite component for visible light without affecting thermal comfort performance. On the other hand, it can appropriately absorb visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate (including visible light diffusely reflected by the semi-reflective layer), thereby avoiding potential light pollution on the light-absorbing substrate side and, in certain corresponding settings, optimizing the view on the other side (e.g., making the view clearer). When the composite component is desired to have a projection display function, certain corresponding settings also enable appropriate projection display brightness on the light-absorbing substrate side.

[0271] The composite component diffuses the reflection of incident light from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate.

[0272] When light enters the composite component of this disclosure from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate, the composite component has a high diffuse reflectance for visible light and also a high diffuse reflectance for near-infrared light.

[0273] Specifically, such as Figure 5c As shown, the composite component has a diffuse reflectance of SCE2 for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate, where the composite component combines... Figure 5bAs shown, visible light 300 incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate enters the transparent substrate 301. The visible light is reflected, absorbed, and transmitted by the transparent substrate. The visible light transmitted through the transparent substrate 301 (the transmittance of the transparent substrate to visible light is T1 = (100%-R1) * (100%-A1)) reaches the semi-reflective layer 302 and is further diffusely reflected by the semi-reflective layer 302 (at this time, the diffuse reflectance of the semi-reflective layer to visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate is R2). The diffusely reflected visible light again reaches and passes through the transparent substrate 301 (at this time, the transmittance of the transparent substrate to the visible light after diffuse reflection by the semi-reflective layer is (100%-R1) * (100%-A1), here, for simplification, it can be assumed that the reflectance of visible light at the interface between the outside and the transparent substrate is the same as the reflectance of visible light at the interface between the transparent substrate and the outside, both being R1). Therefore, the diffuse reflectance SCE2 of the composite component for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate satisfies the relationship of Equation III.

[0274] SCE2 = (100%-R1) * (100%-A1) * R2* (100%-R1) * (100%-A1) = [(100%-R1)* (100%-A1)] 2 * R2 Formula III

[0275] In the composite component of this disclosure, the appropriate diffuse reflectance SCE2 of the composite component for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate helps to achieve excellent thermal comfort control.

[0276] In one embodiment, the diffuse reflectance SCE2 is from about 40% to about 90%. This range of diffuse reflectance is set such that the composite component has a high diffuse reflectance for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate, which helps to enable the composite component of this disclosure to achieve excellent thermal comfort control.

[0277] Specifically, on the one hand, the semi-reflective layer of the composite component diffusely reflects visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate with a high diffuse reflectance; on the other hand, the transparent substrate is highly transparent to visible light and absorbs very little visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate, ensuring that the visible light effectively reaches the semi-reflective layer, thereby enabling the semi-reflective layer to achieve its high diffuse reflectance of visible light. Therefore, the high diffuse reflectance of visible light by the transparent substrate combined with the semi-reflective layer gives the composite component of this disclosure a high diffuse reflectance of visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate, thereby contributing to the achievement of thermal comfort control effects.

[0278] In another embodiment, the majority of near-infrared light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate can pass through the transparent substrate and reach the semi-reflective layer, and the semi-reflective layer has a high diffuse reflectance (greater than or equal to 55%) for the aforementioned near-infrared light. This results in the composite component having a diffuse reflectance of approximately 55% to approximately 95% for near-infrared light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate. This range of diffuse reflectance for near-infrared light indicates that the composite component has a high diffuse reflectance for near-infrared light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate, which also contributes to achieving excellent thermal comfort control in the composite component of this disclosure. Furthermore, the direct solar reflectance (RDS) of the composite component for diffuse reflection of sunlight incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate is approximately 55% or more, preferably approximately 58% or more, 60% or more, 62% or more, 64% or more, or approximately 64.3% or more.

[0279] The composite component diffuses the reflection of visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate.

[0280] Figure 6a A schematic diagram showing visible light 304 incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate 303 away from the transparent substrate 301 is diffusely reflected by the composite component of this disclosure. Figure 6b This diagram illustrates visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate 303 away from the transparent substrate 301 being reflected (including diffuse reflection), transmitted, and absorbed by the light-absorbing substrate 303 and the semi-reflective layer 302.

[0281] Specifically, such as Figure 6b As shown, the diffuse reflectance of the composite component for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate 303 away from the transparent substrate 301 is SCE1. The visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate enters the light-absorbing substrate 303, and after passing through the light-absorbing substrate 303 (the transmittance of the light-absorbing substrate to visible light is T3), it reaches the semi-reflective layer 302 and is further diffusely reflected by the semi-reflective layer 302 (at this time, the diffuse reflectance of the semi-reflective layer to visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate is R4). The diffusely reflected visible light then reaches and passes through the light-absorbing substrate 303 again (at this time, the transmittance of the light-absorbing substrate to visible light after diffuse reflection by the semi-reflective layer is T5). Therefore, the diffuse reflectance SCE1 of the composite component for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate satisfies the relationship of Equation IV.

[0282] SCE1 = T3 * R4 * T5 (Form IV)

[0283] More specifically, when visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate passes through the light-absorbing substrate, the visible light is reflected, absorbed, and transmitted by the light-absorbing substrate. Specifically, for example... Figure 6bAs shown, visible light is first reflected at the interface between the outside (e.g., air) and the light-absorbing substrate, and then absorbed by the light-absorbing substrate. Therefore, the transmittance T3 of the light-absorbing substrate to visible light can be expressed as T3 = (100% - R3) * (100% - A3), where R3 represents the reflectance of the light-absorbing substrate to visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate. Specifically, as shown... Figure 6b As shown, R3 represents the reflectivity of the visible light at the interface between the outside world (e.g., air) and the light-absorbing substrate, and A3 represents the absorption rate of the visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate.

[0284] A suitable range of A3 helps to obtain a composite component that combines thermal comfort control with projection display functionality. In one embodiment, A3 is greater than 16%. In another embodiment, A3 is less than 67%. In yet another embodiment, A3 is greater than 16% and less than 67%.

[0285] Another suitable range of A3 helps to achieve composite components with better light pollution control and optimized visual appeal. In one embodiment, A3 is greater than 47.9%. In another embodiment, A3 is greater than or equal to 53.4%. In yet another embodiment, A3 is greater than or equal to 56.4%. In another embodiment, A3 is greater than or equal to 59.7%. In yet another embodiment, A3 is greater than or equal to 63.2%. In yet another embodiment, A3 is greater than or equal to 67.1%.

[0286] Similarly, when visible light diffusely reflected by the semi-reflective layer reaches and passes through the light-absorbing substrate again, the visible light will be reflected, absorbed, and transmitted by the light-absorbing substrate. Specifically, such as... Figure 6b As shown, visible light is first absorbed by the light-absorbing substrate and then reflected at the interface between the light-absorbing substrate and the outside world (e.g., air). Therefore, the transmittance T5 of the light-absorbing substrate to visible light diffusely reflected by the semi-reflective layer can be expressed as T5 = (100% - R5) * (100% - A5), where R5 represents the reflectance of the light-absorbing substrate to visible light diffusely reflected by the semi-reflective layer. Specifically, as shown... Figure 6b As shown, R5 represents the reflectivity of the visible light at the interface between the light-absorbing substrate and the outside environment (e.g., air), and A5 represents the absorptivity of the light-absorbing substrate for visible light diffusely reflected by the semi-reflective layer. Since the absorptivity of the light-absorbing substrate for visible light remains unchanged when the visible light diffusely reflected by the semi-reflective layer reaches and passes through the light-absorbing substrate again, A3 = A5. Furthermore, for the sake of simplifying the calculation, based on an average consideration, R3 can be assumed to be R5. Therefore, T5 = T3 = (100% - R3) * (100% - A3).

[0287] Based on this, the diffuse reflectance SCE1 of the composite component for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate satisfies the relationship of Equation V, which is also the relationship of Equation V'.

[0288] SCE1 = (100%-R3) * (100%-A3) * R4 * (100%-R3) * (100%-A3) Formula V

[0289] SCE1 = [(100%-R3) * (100%-A3)] 2 * R4 V'

[0290] In one embodiment, the diffuse reflectance SCE1 is from about 10% to about 25%. This range of diffuse reflectance is set to balance projection display effect and light pollution control, thereby facilitating the acquisition of a composite component that combines excellent projection display function with thermal comfort control function. The inventors of this disclosure unexpectedly discovered that, in the composite component of this disclosure, the diffuse reflectance SCE1 of the composite component for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate is a key technical parameter for achieving excellent thermal comfort control and projection display effect. Specifically, the composite component of this disclosure employs a design including a transparent substrate, a semi-reflective layer, and a light-absorbing substrate, wherein the absorption rate of the light-absorbing substrate for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate (including the light light initially entering the light-absorbing substrate and the light light re-entering the light-absorbing substrate after diffuse reflection by the semi-reflective layer) can significantly affect the diffuse reflectance of the composite component for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate. The light-absorbing substrate disclosed herein is made of a suitable material that exhibits appropriate transmittance, reflectance, and absorptivity for visible light from different directions, particularly a suitable absorptivity. This allows the composite component to have an appropriate diffuse reflectance for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate. As described above, the semi-reflective layer exhibits strong diffuse reflection of visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate. Even using the asymmetric stacking design mentioned above, the semi-reflective layer still exhibits strong diffuse reflection towards the light-absorbing substrate. The light absorption properties of the light-absorbing substrate can help control the diffuse reflection on the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate, thereby achieving appropriate projection display brightness and avoiding potential light pollution.

[0291] In another embodiment, the diffuse reflectance SCE1 is less than about 10%, preferably less than about 8%, for example less than about 10%, less than about 9.5%, less than about 9%, less than about 8.5%, less than about 8%, less than about 7.5%, less than about 7%, less than about 6.5%, less than about 6%, less than about 5.5%, less than about 5%, less than about 4.5%, less than about 4%, less than about 3.5%, less than about 3%, less than about 2.5%, less than about 2%, less than about 1.5%, less than about 1%, etc. This range of diffuse reflectance is set in such a way to minimize potential light pollution problems on the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate, and can also optimize the view from that side to the other side (e.g., to make the view from the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate clearer to the other side). Similarly, the inventors of this disclosure unexpectedly discovered that, in the composite component of this disclosure, the diffuse reflectance SCE1 of visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate is a key technical parameter for achieving excellent thermal comfort control, light pollution control, and visual optimization (e.g., clearer vision) effects. Specifically, the composite component of this disclosure employs a design including a transparent substrate, a semi-reflective layer, and a light-absorbing substrate. The absorption rate of visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate (including light entering the light-absorbing substrate initially and light re-entering the light-absorbing substrate after diffuse reflection by the semi-reflective layer) can significantly affect the diffuse reflectance of the composite component for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate. The light-absorbing substrate of this disclosure is made of a suitable material that has suitable transmittance, reflectance, and absorptance for visible light from different directions, especially a suitable absorptance, thereby enabling the composite component to have a desired low diffuse reflectance for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate. As can be seen from the above, the semi-reflective layer has strong diffuse reflection of visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate. Even with the asymmetric stacking design mentioned above, the semi-reflective layer will still have strong diffuse reflection on the side facing the light-absorbing substrate. Therefore, the light absorption properties of the light-absorbing substrate can help control the diffuse reflection of the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate within the desired low range, thereby avoiding potential light pollution on the side of the light-absorbing substrate and optimizing the view on the other side (e.g., making the view clearer).

[0292] The composite module's total solar transmittance of sunlight incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate.

[0293] In one embodiment, the composite component has a total solar transmittance of less than about 10% for sunlight incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate.

[0294] Because the transparent substrate, the semi-reflective layer, and the light-absorbing substrate exhibit specific reflectivity (including diffuse reflectivity) and transmittance, the composite component of this disclosure can have a low total solar transmittance (less than about 10%) and a high diffuse reflectance (more than about 55%) for sunlight incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate. This helps the composite component of this disclosure achieve excellent thermal comfort and ensures that the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate has a suitable ambient temperature.

[0295] In one embodiment, the transparent substrate of the composite component faces the sunlight, while the light-absorbing substrate of the composite component faces away from the sunlight. That is, the transparent substrate is closer to the sunlight than the light-absorbing substrate.

[0296] As an example, the composite component can be used in a vehicle, wherein the transparent substrate of the composite component is the side facing the outside of the vehicle (i.e., the side facing sunlight incident from outside the vehicle), and the light-absorbing substrate of the composite component is the side facing the inside of the vehicle (i.e., the side facing visible light incident from inside the vehicle). When the composite component of this disclosure is used in a vehicle, sunlight from outside the vehicle can pass through the transparent substrate, the semi-reflective layer, and the light-absorbing substrate, and in particular, the visible light in the sunlight undergoes the aforementioned reflection (mainly diffuse reflection), transmission, and absorption, so that the composite component of this disclosure achieves excellent thermal comfort control. On the other hand, when the composite component needs to realize a projection display function, the light from the projection device inside the vehicle also undergoes the aforementioned reflection (mainly diffuse reflection), transmission, and absorption, so that the composite component of this disclosure achieves excellent projection display effect. For example, when the composite component of this disclosure is used as a vehicle window, the composite component may also have specular transmission to visible light (e.g., the composite component has a smooth surface, the layers on both sides of the semi-reflective layer have a low absolute value of the refractive index difference, and the textured first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is parallel to the textured second outer surface (more preferably, each layer in the multilayer stacked semi-reflective layer is parallel to each other with the respective textured contact surfaces of the adjacent layers)) to achieve the desired specular transmission function.

[0297] The use of the composite components disclosed herein in the sunroof (sunroof glass on the roof of the vehicle) is particularly advantageous because large sunroofs and their application scenarios make it easier for the composite components to achieve the desired effects as required, such as: excellent thermal comfort, projection display effect, light pollution control, and view optimization (e.g., clearer view).

[0298] Taking into account the composite component's reflection (including diffuse reflection), transmission, and absorption of visible light from different directions...

[0299] Furthermore, by comprehensively considering the diffuse reflection of visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate and the transmission of visible light by the composite component, the diffuse reflectance of the semi-reflective layer for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate and the transmittance of the semi-reflective layer for visible light are comprehensively optimized. Specifically, by combining Equations II and V above, the relationship of Equation VI is obtained, wherein by combining Equations II and V, the relationship of Equation VI-a can be obtained; further adjusting Equation VI-a (adjusting the mathematical relationship formula) can obtain the relationships of Equation VI-b and Equation VI.

[0300] Formula VI-a

[0301] Formula VI-b

[0302] Style VI

[0303] In one embodiment, the reflectance R1 of the transparent substrate to visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate is about 3.8% to about 4.5%, about 4% to about 4.2%, and about 4%.

[0304] In one embodiment, the transparent substrate has an absorption rate of visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate that is greater than 0 to about 1.5%, about 0.8% to about 1.2%, or about 1%.

[0305] Based on this, [(100%-R1) * (100%-A1)] 2 The range is from approximately 0.88 to approximately 0.93.

[0306] For example, when a 2.1mm thick ordinary clear glass (such as Saint-Gobain's PLC (Planiclear) ordinary clear glass) is used as the outer glass, together with a transparent PVB (polyvinyl butyral) layer used for bonding, serves as the transparent substrate, R1 can be considered as 4% and A1 as 1%. The relationship in Equation VI above can be further expressed as the relationship in Equation VII.

[0307] Equation VII, No. 0.9

[0308] In one embodiment, the composite component has a diffuse reflectance SCE1 of about 10% to about 25% for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate. This range of diffuse reflectance is set to balance projection display performance and light pollution control, thereby facilitating the acquisition of a composite component that combines excellent projection display performance with thermal comfort control.

[0309] In another embodiment, the composite component has a diffuse reflectance SCE1 of less than about 10% for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate, preferably less than about 8%. This diffuse reflectance range is set to minimize potential light pollution problems on the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate, and can also optimize the view from that side to the other side (e.g., to make the view from the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate clearer to the other side).

[0310] The following describes two types of composite components: Type A, a composite component with good thermal comfort and projection display function; and Type B, a composite component with excellent thermal comfort, better light pollution control, and optimized visual experience.

[0311] Type A: A composite component with good thermal comfort and projection display function.

[0312] In one embodiment, the composite component has a transmittance of visible light of about 0.5% to about 10%, preferably about 0.5% to about 2.5%. This transmittance range is set to achieve functions such as privacy, external visibility, and reduction of interference from ambient light on the projected display.

[0313] As an example, the composite component can be used in a vehicle, wherein the transparent substrate of the composite component is the side facing outwards from the vehicle (i.e., the side facing sunlight from outside the vehicle), and the light-absorbing substrate of the composite component is the side facing inwards from the vehicle (i.e., the side facing visible light from inside the vehicle). In this case, the transmittance TL of the composite component to visible light in incident sunlight from outside the vehicle is about 0.5% to about 10%.

[0314] In one specific implementation, for the use of all-weather projection displays inside vehicles, due to the high intensity of sunlight outside the vehicle during the day (e.g., typically ranging from several thousand lux to 100,000 lux, and possibly even higher in some areas), the composite component has a transmittance (TL) of approximately 0.5% to approximately 2.5% for visible light from incident sunlight outside the vehicle to meet the usage conditions of all-weather projection displays. This design minimizes interference from ambient light on the projection display effect, achieving a clear view, while also maintaining the transparency of the composite component to allow for constant observation of the external environment.

[0315] Furthermore, in the aforementioned application scenarios, to balance the projection display effect of the composite component and the control of light pollution, the diffuse reflectance SCE1 of the composite component for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate is approximately 10% to approximately 25%. Therefore, based on the considerations of the aforementioned application scenarios, the composite component further satisfies the following relationship regarding the reflection and transmission of visible light.

[0316] Formula VIII-A

[0317] In one specific implementation, the composite component satisfies the following relationship regarding the reflection and transmission of visible light.

[0318] Formula VIII'-A

[0319] In a preferred embodiment, for example, for the above-mentioned all-weather projection display application scenario, the composite component satisfies the following relationship regarding the reflection and transmission of visible light.

[0320] Formula VIII''-A

[0321] In a specific implementation, for example, for the above-mentioned all-weather projection display application scenario, the composite component satisfies the following relationship regarding the reflection and transmission of visible light.

[0322] Formula VIII'''-A

[0323] When the composite component of this disclosure satisfies the above-mentioned relationship, the composite component can achieve a balanced projection display effect and light pollution control, and can also achieve privacy function, external visibility function, and reduce the interference of external ambient light on the projection display. These are technical effects that existing composite components do not possess.

[0324] Furthermore, Equations VIII-A to VIII'''-A above are the core constraints for designing the semi-reflective layer of a type A composite component.

[0325] Type B: Composite components with superior thermal comfort, better light pollution control, and optimized visual experience.

[0326] In one embodiment, the composite component has a transmittance of about 0.5% to about 10% for visible light. This transmittance range is set to achieve functions such as privacy features and external visibility features.

[0327] As an example, the composite component can be used in a vehicle, wherein the transparent substrate of the composite component is the side facing the outside of the vehicle (i.e., the side facing sunlight from outside the vehicle), while the light-absorbing substrate of the composite component is the side facing the inside of the vehicle (i.e., the side facing visible light from inside the vehicle). In this case, the transmittance TL of the composite component to visible light from incident sunlight from outside the vehicle is about 0.5% to about 10%. This design maintains the transparency of the composite component, allowing for observation of the external environment at any time. Furthermore, in the above application scenario, in order to effectively control light pollution and achieve the effect of optimizing the view (e.g., making the view clearer), the diffuse reflectance SCE1 of the composite component to visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate is less than about 10%, preferably about 8% or less. Therefore, based on the above application scenario considerations, the composite component further satisfies the following relationship regarding the reflection and transmission of visible light:

[0328] ,or ,or

[0329] Formula VIII-B.

[0330] In a preferred embodiment, the composite component satisfies the following relationship regarding the reflection and transmission of visible light:

[0331] ,or ,or

[0332] Formula VIII'-B.

[0333] Equations VIII-B and VIII'-B above show the relationship that the composite component must satisfy regarding the reflection and transmission of visible light when the transmittance TL of the composite component to visible light incident from outside the vehicle is 0.5%. As the transmittance TL of the composite component to visible light incident from outside the vehicle increases, then... The corresponding upper limit of the range needs to be reduced accordingly, which will not be elaborated here.

[0334] When the composite component of this disclosure satisfies the above relationship, the composite component can effectively control light pollution and achieve the effect of optimizing the view (e.g., making the view clearer), and can realize privacy function, external visibility function, etc., which are technical effects that existing composite components do not have.

[0335] Furthermore, the aforementioned inequalities VIII-B to VIII'-B are the core constraints for designing the semi-reflective layer of a type B composite component.

[0336] Furthermore, for the two types of composite components, Type A and Type B, the diffuse reflectance SCE2 of the composite component to visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate affects the thermal comfort control effect of the composite component.

[0337] In one embodiment, the composite component has a diffuse reflectance SCE2 of about 40% to about 90% for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate. This range of diffuse reflectance indicates that the composite component has a high diffuse reflectance for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate, which helps to enable the composite component of this disclosure to achieve excellent thermal comfort control.

[0338] The transmission and diffuse reflection of visible light by the semi-reflective layer and the technical effects of corresponding composite components.

[0339] In the composite component disclosed herein, a conductive connection exists between the semi-reflective layer and the electrodes, thereby endowing the composite component with a heating function. When an external power source is connected to the electrodes to form a current path, the composite component can achieve a heating effect.

[0340] Furthermore, the suitable transmittance and diffuse reflectance of the semi-reflective layer for visible light enable the composite component of this disclosure to achieve desired effects as required, such as: excellent thermal comfort, projection display effect, light pollution control, and visual optimization (e.g., clearer view).

[0341] Below, based on the fact that the composite component already has a heating function, we will further explain the additional functions of the two types of composite components: Type A, a composite component with good thermal comfort and projection display function; Type B, a composite component with excellent thermal comfort, better light pollution control, and optimized visual experience.

[0342] Type A: A composite component with good thermal comfort and projection display function.

[0343] In order for the composite component of this disclosure to achieve the technical effect of having both excellent thermal comfort control and clear projection display effect, the semi-reflective layer in the composite component of this disclosure can satisfy the following relationship.

[0344] According to Equation III above, the following inequality IX can be obtained, namely, the diffuse reflectance R2 of the semi-reflective layer for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate is greater than the diffuse reflectance SCE2 of the composite component for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate, that is, R2>SCE2 (Equation IX). As mentioned above, the diffuse reflectance SCE2 of the composite component for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate is about 40% to about 90%. Therefore, R2>SCE2 = 40%~90%, indicating that the semi-reflective layer of the composite component needs to have high diffuse reflectance for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate.

[0345] According to Equation I above, the following inequality X can be obtained: the transmittance T2 of the semi-reflective layer to visible light is greater than the transmittance TL of the composite component to visible light, i.e., T2>TL (Equation X). As mentioned above, when the transmittance TL of the composite component to visible light is about 0.5% to about 10%, T2>TL = 0.5%~10%. However, for the application scenario of all-weather projection display, the transmittance TL of the composite component to visible light is about 0.5% to about 2.5%, therefore, T2>TL = 0.5%~2.5%.

[0346] According to Equation IV above, the following inequality XI-A can be obtained: the diffuse reflectance R4 of the semi-reflective layer for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate is greater than the diffuse reflectance SCE1 of the composite component for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate, i.e., R4>SCE1 (Equation XI-A). As mentioned above, the diffuse reflectance SCE1 of the composite component for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate is about 10% to about 25%, therefore R4>SCE1 = 10%~25%.

[0347] In addition to Equations VIII-A to VIII'''-A mentioned above, which are the core constraints for the design of semi-reflective layers, inequalities IX, X, and XI-A are also core constraints for the design of semi-reflective layers in type A composite components.

[0348] Type B: Composite components with superior thermal comfort, better light pollution control, and optimized visual experience.

[0349] In order for the composite component of this disclosure to achieve the technical effects of excellent thermal comfort control, light pollution control and visual optimization (e.g., clearer vision), the semi-reflective layer in the composite component of this disclosure can satisfy the following relationship.

[0350] According to Equation III above, the following inequality IX can be obtained, namely, the diffuse reflectance R2 of the semi-reflective layer for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate is greater than the diffuse reflectance SCE2 of the composite component for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate, that is, R2>SCE2 (Equation IX). As mentioned above, the diffuse reflectance SCE2 of the composite component for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate is about 40% to about 90%. Therefore, R2>SCE2 = 40%~90%, indicating that the semi-reflective layer of the composite component needs to have high diffuse reflectance for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate.

[0351] According to Equation I above, the following inequality X can be obtained, that is, the transmittance T2 of the semi-reflective layer to visible light is greater than the transmittance TL of the composite component to visible light, that is, T2>TL (Equation X). As mentioned above, when the transmittance TL of the composite component to visible light is about 0.5% to about 10%, T2>TL = 0.5%~10%.

[0352] In addition to the inequalities VIII-B to VIII'-B mentioned above being the core constraints for the design of the semi-reflective layer, inequalities IX and X here are also core constraints for the design of the semi-reflective layer.

[0353] Based on the previous equation V' and the expected range of diffuse reflectance SEC1 (i.e., less than about 10%), the following inequality XI-B can be obtained:

[0354] [(100%-R3) * (100%-A3)] 2 * R4 < 10% Formula XI-B.

[0355] In a preferred embodiment, with SEC1 preferably below about 8%, the following inequality XI'-B can be obtained:

[0356] [(100%-R3) * (100%-A3)] 2 * R4 ≤8% Formula XI'-B.

[0357] The aforementioned inequalities XI-B and XI'-B are also core constraints for the design of semi-reflective layers. Furthermore, the aforementioned inequalities XI-B and XI'-B are also constraints for the design of light-absorbing substrates.

[0358] For the two types of composite components, A and B, although the diffuse reflectance R2 of the semi-reflective layer for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate can differ from the diffuse reflectance R4 of the semi-reflective layer for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate, both semi-reflective layers in the laminated state exhibit high diffuse reflectance for visible light. This indicates that a metal layer or metal alloy layer with high diffuse reflectance for visible light, such as an aluminum or silver layer, needs to be present within the semi-reflective layer. Therefore, the laminated aluminum or silver monolayers are first investigated to identify cases that match all constraints, serving as the basis for the semi-reflective layer design.

[0359] As an example, the semi-reflective layer can be a metal layer, wherein the metal layer is selected as a single layer of aluminum in a laminated state to form a semi-reflective single-layer metal layer. Since the semi-reflective layer is a single-layer metal layer and as described above, the media on both sides of the semi-reflective layer have close or the same refractive index, it can be considered that the diffuse reflectance R2 of the semi-reflective layer (i.e., the single-layer metal layer) for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate is equal to the diffuse reflectance R4 of the semi-reflective layer for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate.

[0360] Furthermore, referring to the literature "Reference Optical Indices: AD Rakić. Algorithm for Determining the Intrinsic Optical Constants of Metallic Films: Applied to Aluminum," Appl. Opt. 34, 4755-4767 (1995)" (Reference of optical index:AD Rakić. Algorithm for the determination of intrinsic optical constantsof metal films: application to aluminum, Appl. Opt. 34, 4755-4767 (1995)), the above simulation uses laminated single-layer aluminum as a semi-reflective metal layer, and the simulation calculation results are shown in the table below.

[0361] Table 1. Laminated monolayer aluminum as a semi-reflective metal layer in the visible light range (incident angle 0°). o Simulation

[0362]

[0363] For the composite component of type A mentioned above, according to the simulation calculation results in Table 1, when using laminated monolayer aluminum of different thicknesses starting from 10 nm, it can satisfy the relationships of Equations VIII-A to VIII'-A and Equations IX, X, and XI-A. When using laminated monolayer aluminum of different thicknesses starting from 20 nm, it can meet the requirements of all-weather projection display, that is, it can satisfy the relationships of Equations VIII''-A and VIII'''-A and Equations IX, X, and XI-A. Specifically, according to the results shown in Table 1, when the thickness of the laminated monolayer aluminum is 10 nm, the diffuse reflectance and transmittance of the laminated monolayer aluminum for visible light satisfy the relationships of Equations VIII-A and VIII'-A and Equations IX, X, and XI-A. When the thickness of the laminated monolayer aluminum is 20 nm, the diffuse reflectance and transmittance of the laminated monolayer aluminum to visible light meet the requirements of all-weather projection display. That is, the diffuse reflectance and transmittance of the laminated monolayer aluminum to visible light satisfy the relationship of Equation VIII''-A and Equation VIII'''-A. In addition, it also satisfies the relationship of Equation IX, X and XI-A. With a laminated single-layer aluminum thickness of 20 nm, for simplicity, we consider R1 = R3; more specifically, selecting suitable materials, R1 = R3 = 4%, A1 = 1%, and the TL of the composite component can be 2%. Then, according to the relationships in Equations II, III, and V, the absorption rate A3 of the light-absorbing substrate for incident visible light is 55.44%, while the diffuse reflectance SCE1 of the composite component for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate is 14.54%, and the diffuse reflectance SCE2 of the composite component for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate is 71.81%. All these parameters meet the specified parameter ranges. Therefore, when using laminated single-layer aluminum as the semi-reflective metal layer, the obtained composite component can meet the above optical parameter ranges, and the composite component can achieve excellent thermal comfort and projection display effects.

[0364] For the composite component of type B mentioned above, according to the simulation calculation results in Table 1, when using laminated monolayer aluminum of different thicknesses starting from 10 nm, the relationships of inequalities VIII-B, IX, and X can all be satisfied. Furthermore, by combining the design of the light-absorbing substrate, the relationships of inequalities XI-B and XI'-B can also be satisfied. Specifically, according to the results shown in Table 1, when the thickness of the laminated monolayer aluminum is 10 nm, the diffuse reflectance and transmittance of the laminated monolayer aluminum for visible light satisfy the relationships of inequalities VIII-B to VIII'-B, IX, and X. Furthermore, by combining the design of the light-absorbing substrate, the relationships of inequalities XI-B and XI'-B can be further satisfied. When the thickness of the laminated monolayer aluminum is 20 nm, the diffuse reflectance and transmittance of the laminated monolayer aluminum for visible light satisfy the relationships of inequalities VIII-B to VIII'-B, IX, and X. For simplicity, consider R1 = R3; more specifically, by selecting a suitable material, R1 = R3 = 4%, A1=1%, and the absorption rate A3 of the light-absorbing substrate for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate is greater than 63.06%, which can further satisfy the relationship of inequality XI-B, or the absorption rate A3 of the light-absorbing substrate for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate is greater than or equal to 66.96%, which can further satisfy the relationship of inequality XI'-B. If the TL of the composite component is 1.5% at this time, then according to the relationship of Equations II, III and V, the absorption rate A3 of the light-absorbing substrate for incident visible light is 66.58%, while the diffuse reflectance SCE1 of the composite component for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate is 8.18%, and the diffuse reflectance SCE2 of the composite component for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate is 71.81%. All the above parameters meet the specified parameter range. Therefore, when laminated single-layer aluminum is used as the metal layer of the semi-reflective layer, the resulting composite component can meet the above-mentioned optical parameter range. The composite component can achieve excellent thermal comfort, control of light pollution, and optimization of the view (e.g., making the view clearer).

[0365] In addition, the total solar transmittance (TTS) of laminated monolayer aluminum was studied, and the simulation results are shown in the table below.

[0366] Table 2. Laminated monolayer aluminum in the ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared light (incident angle 0°). o Simulation and calculation within the scope of ISO 13837*

[0367]

[0368] *Here, AE represents the absorption rate of the semi-reflective layer (i.e., laminated monolayer aluminum) for ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared light.

[0369] Here, RE represents the reflectivity of the semi-reflective layer (i.e., laminated monolayer aluminum) for ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared light.

[0370] Here, TE represents the transmittance of the semi-reflective layer (i.e., laminated monolayer aluminum) to ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared light.

[0371] Here, TTS refers to the total solar transmittance of the semi-reflective layer (i.e., laminated monolayer aluminum).

[0372] According to the simulation results in the table above, when the thickness of the laminated single-layer aluminum is above 20 nm, it can already have a total solar transmittance of less than 10%. This also indicates that the total solar transmittance of the entire composite module will only be lower, which helps the composite module disclosed in this invention to achieve excellent thermal comfort control.

[0373] Furthermore, a dielectric layer can be introduced into the semi-reflective layer. That is, in addition to the laminated monolayer aluminum described above, the semi-reflective layer also includes a dielectric layer. This makes the diffuse reflectance of the semi-reflective layer for visible light different from its diffuse reflectance for near-infrared light. This design allows a thicker aluminum stacked semi-reflective layer (i.e., the aforementioned semi-reflective layer including laminated monolayer aluminum and a dielectric layer) to have a similar visible light diffuse reflectance to a thinner laminated monolayer aluminum, while maintaining a high diffuse reflectance for near-infrared light. In such an implementation, since the corresponding aluminum stacked semi-reflective layer has a lower total solar transmittance, it can effectively control light energy and achieve excellent thermal comfort control. For example, if by introducing a dielectric layer, a 25 nm thick aluminum stacked semi-reflective layer has a similar visible light diffuse reflectance to a 20 nm thick laminated monolayer aluminum, then the total solar transmittance (TTS) of this aluminum stacked semi-reflective layer can be between the total solar transmittance of 20 nm thick laminated monolayer aluminum (9.6%) and the total solar transmittance of 25 nm thick laminated monolayer aluminum (6.77%).

[0374] In practical applications where aluminum is used as the metal layer in the semi-reflective layer of the composite component disclosed herein to achieve the desired effect of the composite component (covering both Type A and Type B composite components mentioned above), the following considerations may be included:

[0375] (1) Aluminum is an inexpensive and readily available material, which can effectively save costs. Aluminum has a low melting point (660°C). o C) When coated on a textured glass surface, it cannot withstand the high temperatures of some window glass hot bending processes. Therefore, aluminum is preferably suitable for coating on the surface of a textured polymer layer or for coating on a textured glass surface where the glass does not need to be hot bent.

[0376] (2) To further improve the durability of the composite component and provide it with a colorful and aesthetically pleasing appearance, the semi-reflective layer may have an asymmetric stacking design, and the diffuse reflectance of the semi-reflective layer to visible light may differ from its diffuse reflectance to near-infrared light (as described above). Other metals or dielectric materials may be added to the semi-reflective layer, which includes a single layer of aluminum. For example, a dielectric material can provide anti-reflection effects in the visible light range to reduce the diffuse reflectance R4 of the semi-reflective layer to visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate. This achieves the following effect: while increasing the transmittance TL of the composite component to visible light, the diffuse reflectance SCE1 of the composite component to visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate remains essentially unchanged.

[0377] (3) Since aluminum in the semi-reflective layer helps the composite component achieve excellent thermal comfort control, there is still enough room for further design and research on the semi-reflective layer so that the composite component can have both a suitable appearance and thermal comfort control.

[0378] In another embodiment, as an example, the semi-reflective layer can be a metal layer, wherein the metal layer is selected as a single layer of silver in a laminated state to form a semi-reflective single-layer metal layer. Similarly, since the semi-reflective layer is a single-layer metal layer and as described above, the media on both sides of the semi-reflective layer have close or the same refractive index, it can be considered that the diffuse reflectance R2 of the semi-reflective layer (i.e., the single-layer metal layer) for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate is equal to the diffuse reflectance R4 of the semi-reflective layer for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate.

[0379] Furthermore, referring to the literature "Reference Optical Indices: PB Johnson and RW Christy. Optical Constants of Noble Metals," Phys. Rev. B 6, 4370-4379 (1972)" (Reference of optical index: PBJohnson and RW Christy. Optical constants of the noble metals, Phys. Rev. B 6, 4370-4379 (1972)).

[0380] Table 3. Laminated monolayer silver as a semi-reflective metal layer in the visible light range (incident angle 0°). o Simulation

[0381]

[0382] For the composite component of type A mentioned above, similar to the use of laminated monolayer aluminum as the semi-reflective metal layer, when using laminated monolayer silver as the semi-reflective metal layer, different thicknesses of laminated monolayer silver starting from 25 nm can satisfy the relationships from Equations VIII-A to VIII'-A and Equations IX, X, and XI-A. When using laminated monolayer silver starting from 40 nm, it can meet the requirements of all-weather projection display, that is, it can satisfy the relationships from Equations VIII''-A and VIII'''-A and Equations IX, X, and XI-A. Furthermore, similar to the use of laminated monolayer aluminum as the semi-reflective metal layer, when using laminated monolayer silver as the semi-reflective metal layer, the resulting composite component can meet the corresponding optical parameter range, and the corresponding composite component can achieve excellent thermal comfort control and projection display effects.

[0383] For the composite component of type B mentioned above, similar to the use of laminated monolayer aluminum as the semi-reflective metal layer, when using laminated monolayer silver as the semi-reflective metal layer, different thicknesses of laminated monolayer silver starting from 15 nm can all satisfy the relationships of the above-mentioned inequalities VIII-B, IX, and X. Furthermore, combined with the design of the light-absorbing substrate, the relationships of inequalities XI-B to XI'-B can also be satisfied. Similar to the use of laminated monolayer aluminum as the semi-reflective metal layer, when using laminated monolayer silver as the semi-reflective metal layer, the resulting composite component can meet the corresponding optical parameter range. The corresponding composite component can achieve excellent thermal comfort control, light pollution control, and optimized visual effects (e.g., making the view clearer).

[0384] Similarly, other metals or dielectric materials can be added to the semi-reflective layer, including a single layer of silver, to improve the durability of the composite component, provide the composite component with a colorful and aesthetically pleasing appearance, enable the semi-reflective layer to have an asymmetric stacking design, and make the diffuse reflectance of the semi-reflective layer to visible light different from its diffuse reflectance to near-infrared light to achieve better thermal comfort control, etc.

[0385] In addition, compared with the above-mentioned use of laminated single-layer aluminum as the semi-reflective metal layer, the use of laminated single-layer silver as the semi-reflective metal layer has the following characteristics:

[0386] (1) The silver coating can withstand bending, thus making it suitable for a wider range of processing scenarios;

[0387] (2) When the diffuse reflectance of the semi-reflective coating (which is related to the external appearance and thermal comfort of the composite component) and the transmittance TL of the composite component to visible light (which is related to external visibility and privacy protection) are similar, the silver coating has the advantage of minimizing SCE1 (i.e., the diffuse reflectance of the composite component to visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate), which can reduce light pollution on the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate and optimize the view from that side to the other side (e.g., make the view clearer). Specifically, according to Tables 1 and 3, when laminated monolayer aluminum and laminated monolayer silver are used as semi-reflective metal layers respectively, and the diffuse reflectance of these two semi-reflective metal layers is similar (i.e., R2 of laminated monolayer silver as a semi-reflective metal layer (and its R4 is equal to R2) is approximately equal to R2 of laminated monolayer aluminum as a semi-reflective metal layer (and its R4 is equal to R2), which can also be written as [R2(Ag) = R4(Ag)] ≈ [R2(Al) = R4(Al)]), compared to laminated monolayer aluminum as a semi-reflective metal layer, laminated monolayer silver as a semi-reflective metal layer has a much lower absorptivity and a much higher transmittance for visible light, i.e., A2(Ag) <<A2(Al),T2(Ag)> >T2(Al). Therefore, for composite components using laminated monolayer aluminum and laminated monolayer silver as semi-reflective metal layers respectively, when the transmittance TL levels of visible light for these two composite components are similar, then according to Equations II and V above, the composite component using laminated monolayer silver as a semi-reflective metal layer will use a light-absorbing substrate with stronger visible light absorption. Therefore, the diffuse reflectance SCE1 of the composite component for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate is lower. Thus, the composite component has less light pollution from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate, and the view from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate is better on the other side of the composite component (e.g., the view is clearer).

[0388] (3) The silver coating has a low surface resistance. After making a conductive connection between the silver coating and the electrode, the silver coating is more suitable as a heating platform, which is beneficial to the realization and optimization of the heating function of the composite component.

[0389] The above examples demonstrate that both aluminum and silver can be used as the basic reflective layer of the semi-reflective layer in the composite component of this disclosure. Furthermore, when aluminum and silver are used as the materials for the semi-reflective layer, other materials (such as other metals or dielectric materials) can be further introduced to form a semi-reflective stacked layer, thereby bringing more desired functions to the composite component of this disclosure, such as excellent projection display effects, thermal comfort control effects, excellent privacy effects, aesthetically pleasing appearance, enabling the semi-reflective layer to have an asymmetric stacked design, and making the diffuse reflectance of the semi-reflective layer for visible light different from its diffuse reflectance for near-infrared light to achieve better thermal comfort control effects. In addition, aluminum is inexpensive and readily available, therefore, when aluminum is used as the metal layer material for the semi-reflective layer, the cost of the composite component is low. On the other hand, silver has a wide range of applications and advantages in internal light pollution control. Besides aluminum and silver, other highly reflective metals, such as molybdenum, can also be considered.

[0390] Numerous designs exist for compliant semi-reflective stacked layers, too many to list here. This is merely an example, not a limitation. Figure 7 and Figure 8 Two exemplary designs employing aluminum semi-reflective stacked layers are shown. In one of them... Figure 7 In the process, the semi-reflective layer comprises an aluminum metal layer 704 (e.g., with a thickness of 20 nm) and contains SiO2. x (Silicon oxide) serves as dielectric layer 702 (e.g., 20 nm thick) and dielectric layer 705 (e.g., 20 nm thick), and also includes a nickel-chromium alloy as blocking layer 703 (e.g., less than 1 nm thick). In addition to the semi-reflective layer, Figure 7 Polymer layer 701 and polymer layer 706 are also shown. The surface of polymer layer 706 facing dielectric layer 705 is a textured surface, on which dielectric layer 705 is formed. In the case of automotive window glass, polymer layer 701 may face outwards, and polymer layer 706 may face inwards. Figure 8 In the process, the semi-reflective layer comprises an aluminum metal layer 807 (e.g., with a thickness of 20 nm) and contains SiO2. x As dielectric layer 802 (e.g., 20 nm thick) and dielectric layer 808 (e.g., 20 nm thick), TiO is contained. x (Titanium oxide) serves as the dielectric layer 805 (e.g., 60 nm thick), and includes a nickel-chromium alloy as a blocking layer 803 (e.g., less than 1 nm thick) and a blocking layer 806 (e.g., less than 1 nm thick), and also includes copper as an absorption modulation layer 804 (e.g., 5 nm thick). This semi-reflective layer employs an asymmetric design. Furthermore, besides the semi-reflective layer, Figure 8Polymer layer 801 and polymer layer 809 are also shown. The surface of polymer layer 809 facing dielectric layer 808 is a textured surface, on which dielectric layer 800 is formed. In the case of use for vehicle window glass, polymer layer 801 may face outward and polymer layer 809 may face inward.

[0391] In addition, adopt Figure 8 The design shown, with polymer layer 801 facing outwards and polymer layer 809 facing inwards, simulates the color reflection and transmission of white visible light from inside and outside the vehicle, respectively, to obtain... Figures 9a-9b The CIE 1931 color coordinate diagram. Among them, Figure 9a and Figure 9b The light source is white light and the angle of incidence is 0. o The white base color is CIE-C, and the observer's angle is 2. o Specifically, such as Figure 9a As shown, the diffuse chromaticity coordinates of the above design for white visible light from inside the vehicle are (x=0.328, y=0.329), and the transmittance chromaticity coordinates for the same white visible light from inside the vehicle are (x=0.333, y=0.345), with both reflection and transmission being neutral. Furthermore, as... Figure 9b As shown, the diffuse chromaticity coordinates of the above design for white visible light from outside the vehicle are (x=0.306, y=0.268), and the transmittance chromaticity coordinates for the same white visible light from outside the vehicle are (x=0.333, y=0.345). The reflected light is colored, and the transmitted light is neutral. In other words, Figure 8 The design shown utilizes an asymmetrical design of the reflective layer to achieve different reflected colors on both sides, while the transmission on both sides is neutral.

[0392] Figure 10 An exemplary design of a semi-reflective stacked layer employing silver is shown. The semi-reflective layer includes a silver metal layer 1003 (e.g., with a thickness of 30 nm) and contains SiO2. x (Silicon oxide) serves as dielectric layer 1001 (e.g., 20 nm thick) and dielectric layer 1004 (e.g., 20 nm thick), and also includes a nickel-chromium alloy as blocking layer 1002 (e.g., less than 1 nm thick). In addition to the semi-reflective layer, Figure 10 A glass substrate 1005 is also shown, the surface of the glass substrate 1005 facing the dielectric layer 1004 being a textured surface, on which the dielectric layer 1004 is formed.

[0393] As an example, the semi-reflective layer can be a multi-layered stack, with a specific structure as follows: Figure 17As shown. The semi-reflective layer 1700 comprises: a titanium zirconium oxide (TiZrO2) capping layer 1701 (1 nm thick); a first dielectric layer 1702 comprising: a silicon-zirconium nitride (SiZrNx) layer 17021 (12 nm thick), a silicon nitride (Si3N4) layer 17022 (16 nm thick), and a zinc oxide (ZnO) layer 17023 (10 nm thick); a nickel-chromium alloy (NiCr) first blocking layer 1703 (1 nm thick); a monolayer silver metal layer 1704 (40 nm thick); and a second dielectric layer 1705 comprising: a zinc oxide (ZnO) layer 17051 (10 nm thick), a silicon-zirconium nitride (SiZrNx) layer 17052 (8 nm thick), and a silicon nitride (Si3N4) layer 17053 (29 nm thick).

[0394] Furthermore, the optical performance of the two composite components containing the aforementioned semi-reflective layer 1700 was simulated.

[0395] The structures of these two composite components are as follows: Figure 18 As shown, the composite component 1800 sequentially comprises: a glass substrate 1801 (2.1 mm thick), which serves as a transparent substrate; a semi-reflective layer 1802, which adopts the structure of the semi-reflective layer 1700 described above, wherein the silicon nitride (Si3N4) layer 17053 (29 nm thick) in the second dielectric layer 1705 is in contact with the glass substrate 1801; an adhesive layer 1803 (0.76 mm thick); and a glass substrate 1804 (4 mm thick), wherein the adhesive layer 1803 and the glass substrate 1804 together serve as a light-absorbing substrate.

[0396] Specifically, in the first composite component C, the glass substrate 1801 is ultra-clear glass (Sunmax ultra-clear glass from Asahi Glass Co., Ltd. (AGC) of Japan), the adhesive layer 1803 is transparent PVB, and the glass substrate 1804 is glass with a visible light absorption rate of about 90% (VG10 glass from Saint-Gobain).

[0397] Specifically, in the second composite component D, the glass substrate 1801 is plain white glass (Saint-Gobain's PLC (Planiclear) plain white glass), the adhesive layer 1803 is transparent PVB, and the glass substrate 1804 is glass with a visible light absorption rate of about 90% (Saint-Gobain's VG10 glass).

[0398] Without considering the influence of texture in the composite component, the optical performance of the two composite components was simulated, and the results are shown in Table 4 below.

[0399] Table 4. The two composite components under ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared light (incident angle of 8°) o Simulation and calculation within the range of ISO 13837 & ISO 9050 (AM=1.5)*

[0400]

[0401] *Here, AM stands for Air Mass.

[0402] Here, TL represents the transmittance of the composite component to visible light.

[0403] Here, TE represents the transmittance of the composite component for ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared light (300-2500nm).

[0404] Here, RL(F1) represents the reflectivity of the composite component for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate.

[0405] Here, RL(F4) represents the reflectivity of the composite component for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate.

[0406] Here, RE represents the reflectance of the composite component to ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared light (300-2500nm) incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate.

[0407] Here, TTS represents the total solar transmittance of the composite module.

[0408] As shown in Table 4 above, the simulation results indicate that even without the LowE coating, the two composite modules already exhibit very low total solar transmittance (5.64% and 6.74%, respectively), demonstrating excellent thermal comfort control. The presence of texture in the composite module has only a slight impact on its SCI (Specular Component Include) reflection. Therefore, even considering the effect of texture, the total solar transmittance of the two composite modules remains very low. This demonstrates that the composite module incorporating the semi-reflective layer of this disclosure achieves excellent thermal comfort control.

[0409] Furthermore, the two composite components mentioned above may further include a LowE coating. For example, the LowE coating may be disposed on the side of the glass substrate 1804 facing away from the semi-reflective layer 1802, which can further reduce the total solar transmittance of the composite component, thereby achieving a better thermal comfort control effect.

[0410] In addition, both of the above composite components have low transmittance of visible light (both are 2.1%), which helps the composite components to achieve functions such as privacy.

[0411] Furthermore, the colors of light reflection and transmission by the two composite components mentioned above were simulated respectively.

[0412] For composite component C, D65 / 2 is used. o According to the standard, the Lab value of the transmission of light from the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate for composite component C is (a*= -4.6, b*= 3.7), and the Lab value of the reflection of light from the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate for composite component C is (a*= 2.0, b*= -0.4).

[0413] For composite component D, D65 / 2 is used. o According to the standard, the Lab value of the transmission of light from the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate by the composite component D is (a*= -4.7, b*= 3.7), and the Lab value of the reflection of light from the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate by the composite component D is (a*=1.5, b*= -0.5).

[0414] In summary, the composite component disclosed herein includes a transparent substrate, a semi-reflective layer, a light-absorbing substrate, and electrodes conductively connected to the semi-reflective layer.

[0415] In the composite component disclosed herein, the semi-reflective layer is electrically connected to the electrode. The semi-reflective layer comprises a metal layer or a metal alloy layer. The low sheet resistance of the metal layer or metal alloy layer (e.g., a silver metal layer or a silver alloy layer) allows the semi-reflective layer to serve as a good heating platform, thereby endowing the composite component with excellent heating capabilities.

[0416] Furthermore, the semi-reflective layer of the composite component disclosed herein has a textured surface, a design that helps the composite component of the present disclosure achieve a suitable diffuse reflectance for visible light incident from both sides of the semi-reflective layer and a suitable transmittance for visible light.

[0417] Specifically, on the one hand, the transparent substrate of the composite component is highly transparent to visible light, allowing the transmission of the vast majority of visible light. Therefore, most of the visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate can pass through the transparent substrate. The semi-reflective layer with a textured surface has a high diffuse reflectance for visible light that passes through the transparent substrate and reaches the semi-reflective layer. This design enables the composite component of this disclosure to have a high diffuse reflectance (approximately 40% to approximately 90%) for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate, contributing to good thermal comfort on the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate. Furthermore, since the semi-reflective layer reflects visible light diffusely rather than specularly, the composite component effectively avoids optical contamination while achieving the aforementioned high diffuse reflectance. Further, the visible light transmitted through the semi-reflective layer is further absorbed by the light-absorbing substrate, resulting in a low transmittance of visible light for the composite component, for example, only about 0.5% to about 10%. This low visible light transmittance helps the composite component of this disclosure achieve functions such as privacy. When the composite component is desired to have projection display functionality, the aforementioned low visible light transmittance can also reduce interference from ambient light on the projection display on the side of the light-absorbing substrate. On the other hand, the light-absorbing substrate of the composite component can absorb a certain amount of visible light, thus appropriately absorbing visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate (including absorbing visible light diffusely reflected by the semi-reflective layer), thereby giving the composite component a suitable diffuse reflectance for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate. For cases where the composite component is desired to have good thermal comfort and projection display functionality, a diffuse reflectance of approximately 10% to approximately 25% for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate helps control the intensity of diffuse reflection of visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate, thereby helping to achieve suitable projection display brightness on the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate and avoiding potential light pollution on the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate. For composite components that are expected to have excellent thermal comfort, better light pollution control, and optimized visibility, the diffuse reflectance of the composite component to visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate is less than about 10%, preferably less than about 8%. This design helps to control the intensity of diffuse reflection of visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate, thereby helping to minimize potential light pollution on the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate, and optimizing the visibility on the other side from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate, for example, making the visibility clearer.

[0418] Window Assembly

[0419] In another aspect, this disclosure relates to a form assembly that includes the composite components of this disclosure.

[0420] In one embodiment, the window assembly includes a door, window, curtain wall, vehicle window glass, aircraft glass, or ship glass. In a preferred embodiment, the window assembly is a vehicle window glass, which includes a rear windshield, sunroof, door glass, or corner window glass. In a more preferred embodiment, the vehicle window glass is a sunroof.

[0421] In one specific embodiment, the transparent substrate of the window assembly faces outwards from the vehicle, and the light-absorbing substrate faces inwards from the vehicle. In a more specific embodiment, the window glass has specular transmission of visible light.

[0422] In one specific implementation, the transparent substrate in the window assembly faces the sunlight source, while the light-absorbing substrate in the window assembly faces away from the sunlight source.

[0423] Vehicle

[0424] On the other hand, this disclosure relates to a vehicle that includes the form assembly of this disclosure.

[0425] In one embodiment, the vehicle further includes a projection device configured to project light toward a light-absorbing substrate of the window assembly to form a projected image on the side of the semi-reflective layer facing the light-absorbing substrate.

[0426] It should be understood here that the embodiments shown in the figures only illustrate optional architectures, shapes, sizes and arrangements of various optional components in the composite components, glass components and window assemblies according to this disclosure. However, they are only illustrative and not limiting. Other shapes, sizes and arrangements may be adopted without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure.

[0427] The technical content and features of this disclosure have been disclosed above. However, it is understood that those skilled in the art can make various changes and improvements to the above-disclosed concept under the inventive concept of this disclosure, but all such changes and improvements fall within the protection scope of this disclosure. The description of the above embodiments is illustrative rather than restrictive, and the protection scope of this disclosure is determined by the claims.

Claims

1. A composite component, wherein The composite component includes: Transparent substrate, Semi-reflective layer, and Light-absorbing substrate; in, The semi-reflective layer is located between the transparent substrate and the light-absorbing substrate. The semi-reflective layer has a textured first outer surface and a textured second outer surface. The transparent substrate is in contact with the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, and the contact surface of the transparent substrate is textured, with the texture being complementary to the texture of the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer; and The light-absorbing substrate is in contact with the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer. The contact surface of the light-absorbing substrate is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer. The composite component further includes electrodes that are electrically connected to the semi-reflective layer.

2. The composite component according to claim 1, wherein The electrode is located at the circumferential edge of the composite component.

3. The composite component according to claim 2, wherein The composite component has a dark enamel coating at its circumferential edge so that the electrodes are concealed by the dark enamel.

4. The composite component according to claim 1, wherein The surface resistivity of the semi-reflective layer is below 4Ω / □.

5. The composite component according to claim 4, wherein... The surface resistivity of the semi-reflective layer is less than 1 Ω / □.

6. The composite component according to claim 1, wherein The semi-reflective layer contains a silver metal layer or a silver alloy layer.

7. The composite component according to claim 1, wherein When the layer in contact with the first or second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is a glass substrate, the electrode is a silver paste electrode.

8. The composite component according to claim 1, wherein... The main body of the composite component consists of a transparent substrate, a semi-reflective layer, and a light-absorbing substrate; and / or The area or size of the semi-reflective layer is approximately the same as the area or size of the transparent substrate and / or the light-absorbing substrate.

9. The composite component according to claim 1, wherein The transparent substrate is closer to external sunlight than the light-absorbing substrate.

10. The composite component according to claim 1, wherein... The composite component exhibits a diffuse reflectance of 40% to 90% for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate; and / or The composite component has a total solar transmittance of less than 10% for sunlight incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate; and / or The composite component has a solar direct reflectance of more than 55% for diffuse reflection of sunlight incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate.

11. The composite component of claim 10, wherein... The composite component has a solar direct reflectance of over 64% for diffuse reflection of sunlight incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate.

12. The composite component according to claim 1, wherein... The composite component has a visible light transmittance of 0.5% to 10%; and / or The composite component exhibits a diffuse reflectance of 55% to 95% for near-infrared light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate; and / or The haze of the composite component is below 10%.

13. The composite component according to claim 12, wherein The haze of the composite component is below 5%.

14. The composite component according to claim 1, wherein... The transparent substrate has a reflectance of 3.8% to 4.5%, 4% to 4.2%, or 4% for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate opposite to the light-absorbing substrate; and / or The transparent substrate has an absorption rate of more than 0 to 1.5%, 0.8% to 1.2%, or 1% for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate away from the light-absorbing substrate.

15. The composite component according to claim 1, wherein The composite component serves as a projection screen, with the light-absorbing substrate facing the projection light, for forming a projected image on the side of the semi-reflective layer facing the light-absorbing substrate.

16. The composite component according to claim 1, wherein The composite component has a diffuse reflectance of 10% to 25% for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate.

17. The composite component according to claim 1 or 16, wherein The composite component has a visible light transmittance of 0.5% to 2.5%.

18. The composite component according to claim 1, wherein The composite component has a diffuse reflectance of less than 10% for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate.

19. The composite component according to claim 18, wherein The composite component has a diffuse reflectance of less than 8% for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate.

20. The composite component of claim 19, wherein The composite component has a diffuse reflectance of less than 1% for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate.

21. The composite component according to claim 1, wherein... The textured first outer surface and the textured second outer surface are parallel; and / or The root mean square slope of the contours of the textured first outer surface and / or the textured second outer surface is 2. o Up to 20 o .

22. The composite component according to claim 1, wherein... The light-absorbing substrate includes at least one light-absorbing layer, wherein one surface of the light-absorbing layer is in contact with the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, and the contact surface of the light-absorbing layer is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer; or The light-absorbing substrate includes at least one light-absorbing layer and at least one transparent layer, wherein one surface of the light-absorbing layer or one of the transparent layers is in contact with the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, and the contact surface of the light-absorbing layer or the transparent layer is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer.

23. The composite component according to claim 1 or 22, wherein... The transparent substrate includes at least one transparent layer, wherein one surface of the transparent layer contacts the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, and the contact surface of the transparent layer is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer. All layers included in the transparent substrate are transparent layers.

24. The composite component according to claim 1, wherein... The light-absorbing substrate includes any one or any combination of a glass substrate, an adhesive layer, a dimming film, a polymer layer, and a film substrate layer; and / or The transparent substrate includes any one or any combination of a glass substrate, an adhesive layer, a polymer layer, and a film substrate layer.

25. The composite component according to claim 24, wherein The ratio of the highest visible light transmittance to the lowest visible light transmittance of the dimming film is greater than 5 or greater than 10.

26. The composite component of claim 24, wherein The ratio of the highest visible light transmittance to the lowest visible light transmittance of the dimming film is 5-20 or 10-20.

27. The composite component according to any one of claims 24-26, wherein The dimming film is configured to switch between a first visible light absorption rate and a second visible light absorption rate that is greater than the first visible light absorption rate. When the dimming film has the first visible light absorption rate, the composite component has a diffuse reflectance of 10% to 25% for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate; or When the second visible light absorption rate is achieved, the composite component exhibits a diffuse reflectance of less than 10%, or less than 8%, or less than 1% for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate; or When the dimming film has the first visible light absorption rate, the composite component has a first diffuse reflectance rate for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate, and when it has the second visible light absorption rate, the composite component has a second diffuse reflectance rate for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate away from the transparent substrate that is less than the first diffuse reflectance rate.

28. The composite component according to claim 27, wherein The first diffuse reflectance is 10% to 25%; and / or the second diffuse reflectance is less than 10%, or less than 8%, or less than 1%.

29. The composite component of claim 27, wherein... The dimming film is a single-layer dimming film or comprises at least two sub-dimming films; and / or The area or size of the dimming film is approximately the same as the area or size of the semi-reflective layer.

30. The composite component according to claim 1, wherein The semi-reflective layer can be a single layer or a multi-layer stack. The single layer is a metal layer or a metal alloy layer. The multilayer stack includes at least one metal layer or metal alloy layer, wherein each contact surface of each layer in the multilayer stack and each contact surface of the adjacent layer is textured, and the texture of each contact surface is complementary to the texture of the adjacent contact surface; and / or the textured first outer surface, the textured second outer surface, and each textured contact surface of each layer in the multilayer stack and each contact surface of the adjacent layer are all parallel to each other.

31. The composite component of claim 30, wherein... The semi-reflective layer also includes A blocking layer, located on one side or both sides of the metal layer or metal alloy layer, wherein each contact surface of the blocking layer with an adjacent layer is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of the adjacent contact surface; and / or A dielectric layer, wherein each contact surface of the dielectric layer and adjacent layers is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of adjacent contact surfaces; and / or An absorption conditioning layer is provided, wherein each contact surface of the absorption conditioning layer and the adjacent layer is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of the adjacent contact surface. The blocking layer is located on one side of the absorption conditioning layer or on both sides of the absorption conditioning layer.

32. The composite component according to claim 1, wherein The semi-reflective layer is a multi-layer stack, and the semi-reflective layer comprises: First dielectric layer; A first blocking layer is in contact with the first dielectric layer on one side of the first dielectric layer; A single-layer silver metal layer or a single-layer silver alloy layer is in contact with the first blocking layer on the side of the first blocking layer opposite to the first dielectric layer, and the thickness of the single-layer silver metal layer or the single-layer silver alloy layer is 15 nm or more; and The second dielectric layer, wherein The second dielectric layer is in contact with the single-layer silver metal layer or single-layer silver alloy layer on the side of the single-layer silver metal layer or single-layer silver alloy layer away from the first blocking layer.

33. The composite component according to claim 32, wherein... The semi-reflective layer further includes a second blocking layer, which contacts the single-layer silver metal layer or single-layer silver alloy layer on the side of the single-layer silver metal layer or single-layer silver alloy layer away from the first blocking layer, and the second dielectric layer contacts the second blocking layer on the side of the second blocking layer away from the single-layer silver metal layer or single-layer silver alloy layer.

34. The composite component according to claim 32 or 33, wherein The semi-reflective layer consists of only one single-layer silver metal layer or a single-layer silver alloy layer.

35. The composite component according to claim 32 or 33, wherein... The thickness of the single-layer silver metal layer or single-layer silver alloy layer is 25 nm or more; and / or The thickness of the single-layer silver metal layer or single-layer silver alloy layer is less than 50 nm.

36. The composite component of claim 34, wherein... The thickness of the single-layer silver metal layer or single-layer silver alloy layer is 25 nm or more; and / or The thickness of the single-layer silver metal layer or single-layer silver alloy layer is less than 50 nm.

37. The composite component according to claim 32 or 33, wherein Each layer in the semi-reflective layer has a textured contact surface with each adjacent layer, and the texture of each contact surface is complementary to the texture of the adjacent contact surface.

38. The composite component according to claim 37, wherein The textured first outer surface, the textured second outer surface, and each layer in the semi-reflective layer are parallel to each other with the textured contact surfaces of the adjacent layers.

39. The composite component according to claim 32 or 33, wherein The first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer each independently contain at least one dielectric material layer.

40. The composite component according to claim 39, wherein The refractive index of each of the at least one dielectric material layer is above 1.

8.

41. The composite component according to claim 32 or 33, wherein The semi-reflective layer further includes a cover layer that contacts the first dielectric layer on the side of the first dielectric layer opposite to the first blocking layer.

42. A form assembly, wherein The form assembly comprises the composite component as described in any one of claims 1-41.

43. The form assembly according to claim 42, wherein The window assembly includes doors, windows, curtain walls, vehicle windows, aircraft windows, or ship windows.

44. The form assembly according to claim 43, wherein The window assembly is called vehicle window glass, which includes rear windshield glass, sunroof glass, door glass, or corner window glass.

45. A vehicle comprising a window assembly according to any one of claims 42-44.

46. ​​The vehicle according to claim 45, wherein, The vehicle also includes a projection device configured to project light toward the light-absorbing substrate of the window assembly to form a projected image on the side of the semi-reflective layer facing the light-absorbing substrate.

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