A simple device for detecting human blood type

Abstract

The utility model relates to a simple and easy device for detecting human blood type, including flushing liquid containing container, detection subassembly and liquid suction piece, flushing liquid containing container has the containing cavity that contains flushing liquid, and containing cavity has top opening to allow detection subassembly inserts containing cavity, and containing cavity inboard wall is provided with first limit piece, the antibody for blood type detection is fixed in detection subassembly, the antibody can be combined with blood type antigen specificity, detection subassembly has first end and second end, liquid suction piece detachably fixed in second end of detection subassembly, detection subassembly outside wall is provided with second limit piece, wherein, when first end of detection subassembly inserts containing cavity, first limit piece and second limit piece cooperate and form longitudinal limit to fix detection subassembly in containing cavity, the utility model has the characteristics of simple operation, high accuracy, fast detection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of blood type detection technology, and more specifically, to a simple device for detecting human blood type. Background Technology

[0002] Blood typing is a crucial foundational test in clinical diagnosis, transfusion therapy, organ transplantation, and other medical settings. The ABO blood group system is the most common human blood group system, and ABO blood type classification is based on two key elements: the types of antigens on the surface of red blood cells and the types of naturally occurring antibodies in the serum. Based on the types of antigens on the surface of red blood cells: A blood type is characterized by the presence of A antigens and the absence of B antibodies; B blood type is characterized by the presence of B antigens and the absence of A antibodies; AB blood type is characterized by the presence of both A and B antibodies; and O blood type is characterized by the absence of both A and B antibodies. Based on the types of naturally occurring antibodies in the serum: A blood type is characterized by the presence of anti-B antibodies and the absence of anti-A antibodies; B blood type is characterized by the presence of anti-A antibodies and the absence of anti-B antibodies; AB blood type is characterized by the absence of both anti-A and anti-B antibodies; and O blood type is characterized by the presence of both anti-A and anti-B antibodies. When antigens on the surface of red blood cells come into contact with their corresponding antibodies under suitable conditions (such as appropriate temperature, pH, and ionic strength), the antigens and corresponding antibodies specifically bind to each other, forming antigen-antibody complexes and causing an immunoagglutination reaction. Since one antibody can bind to the surface antigens of multiple red blood cells simultaneously, different red blood cells are cross-linked together to form network aggregates. As the number of cross-linked red blood cells increases, these aggregates gradually increase in size, eventually forming visible agglutination masses.

[0003] Currently, traditional blood typing methods mainly include the slide method and the test tube method. The slide method involves directly mixing blood samples with antibody reagents on a slide and visually observing the agglutination reaction to confirm blood type. It is simple to operate, but the test results are easily affected by environmental factors (such as temperature), leading to false negatives or false positives and lower accuracy. The test tube method involves mixing blood and antibody reagents in a test tube and then observing the results after centrifugation. The test results are more accurate, but the operation process is complex, relying on professional laboratory equipment such as centrifuges and skilled operators, making it difficult to use outdoors and thus hindering rapid, portable on-site testing. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a simple device for detecting human blood type in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution.

[0006] This invention provides a simple device for detecting human blood type, comprising a rinsing solution container, a detection assembly, and a liquid aspiration component.

[0007] The flushing fluid container has a receiving cavity for holding the flushing fluid, and the receiving cavity has a top opening to allow the detection component to be inserted into the receiving cavity, and a first limiting member is provided on the inner sidewall of the receiving cavity;

[0008] The detection component contains an antibody for blood type detection, which can specifically bind to blood type antigens. The detection component has a first end and a second end. The liquid aspiration element is detachably fixed to the second end of the detection component. A second limiting element is also provided on the outer wall of the detection component.

[0009] When the first end of the detection component is inserted into the receiving cavity, the first limiting member and the second limiting member cooperate to form a longitudinal limiting, thereby fixing the detection component in the receiving cavity.

[0010] In some embodiments of this application, the first end of the detection component is provided with a sampling head for absorbing blood samples and detecting blood type; the sampling head includes a capillary assembly, the capillary assembly includes at least two capillaries fixed side by side, and each capillary contains an antibody for detecting human blood type.

[0011] In some embodiments of this application, the detection component includes a substrate, the capillary assembly is fixed on the substrate, and at least two capillary tubes are fixed on the substrate in parallel side by side.

[0012] In some embodiments of this application, the substrate is a long strip-shaped plate substrate, and the length direction of each capillary is consistent with the length direction of the substrate.

[0013] In some embodiments of this application, the capillary assembly includes a first capillary and a second capillary. The first capillary contains an anti-A antibody that can specifically bind to blood group antigen A, and the second capillary contains an anti-B antibody that can specifically bind to blood group antigen B.

[0014] In some embodiments of this application, the capillary assembly further includes a third capillary, wherein an anti-D antibody capable of specifically binding to blood group antigen D is immobilized within the third capillary.

[0015] In some embodiments of this application, the capillary is configured to aspirate 5–10 μL of blood samples.

[0016] In some embodiments of this application, the liquid-absorbing component is a straw hat-shaped structure, including a brim and a top. The radial dimension of the brim is adapted to the opening size of the receiving cavity for positioning, and the size of the top completely covers the second end of the detection component.

[0017] In some embodiments of this application, the liquid-absorbing element is made of a water-absorbing material, and when the liquid-absorbing element contacts the second end of the detection component, it attracts the rinsing liquid through the detection component via capillary action.

[0018] As can be seen from the above technical solution, the embodiments of this utility model have at least the following advantages and positive effects:

[0019] 1. Simple operation. This utility model provides a simple device for detecting human blood type. Through the pre-fixed antibody detection component and the integrated design of the sampling head and detection component, the use of tools during testing is reduced. At the same time, after the detection component is inserted into the rinsing solution container, the user only needs to use the aspirator to draw the rinsing solution to rinse away the part that has not undergone immunoagglutination reaction, and the test results can be clearly observed. The operation is simple and easy to learn, and even non-professionals can quickly complete the test.

[0020] 2. High accuracy. By pre-fixing antibodies for blood typing within the detection component, the entire testing process is conducted within the component. Antibodies and blood type antigens can fully react in a relatively fixed space, reducing the impact of external factors on the reaction process compared to the traditional slide method, thus minimizing interference with the test results. Simultaneously, the detection component is securely engaged with the inner wall of the receiving cavity, ensuring stable positioning of the component in the rinsing solution. This avoids potential operational errors caused by manual fixing of the component during rinsing, improving testing accuracy.

[0021] 3. Rapid Detection. This utility model provides a simple device for detecting human blood types. By setting up a detection component including a sampling head, it integrates blood sample collection and detection. Antibodies are pre-fixed within the detection component, eliminating the need for antibody addition and mixing, saving preparation time and significantly shortening the detection time compared to the traditional test tube method. By setting up a rinsing solution container and a suction device, excess blood and unbound substances can be accurately removed, allowing the antigen-antibody mixture that has undergone an immunoagglutination reaction to quickly appear, thereby rapidly obtaining test results and meeting urgent testing needs. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The various objectives, features, and advantages of this invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The drawings are merely illustrative illustrations of the invention and are not necessarily drawn to scale. In the drawings, the same reference numerals always denote the same or similar parts. Wherein:

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a simple device for detecting human blood type.

[0024] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram showing the usage of a simple device for detecting human blood type.

[0025] The annotations in the attached figures are explained as follows:

[0026] 1. Rinse fluid container; 11. Receiving cavity; 12. Rinse fluid; 13. First limiting element;

[0027] 2. Detection assembly; 21. Sampling head; 22. Capillary assembly; 221. First capillary; 222. Second capillary; 223. Third capillary; 22a. Anti-A antibody; 22b. Anti-B antibody; 22d. Anti-D antibody; 23. Substrate; 24. Second limiting element;

[0028] 3. Liquid-absorbing component; 31. Cap brim; 32. Cap top. Detailed Implementation

[0029] Although the present invention can be readily embodied in various forms, only some specific embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings and will be described in detail in this specification. It is understood that this specification should be regarded as an exemplary illustration of the principles of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention to what is described herein.

[0030] Therefore, a feature pointed out in this specification is used to describe one feature of one embodiment of the present invention, and does not imply that every embodiment of the present invention must have the described feature. Furthermore, it should be noted that this specification describes many features. Although certain features may be combined to illustrate possible system designs, these features may also be used in other combinations not explicitly stated. Therefore, unless otherwise stated, the described combinations are not intended to be limiting.

[0031] In the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings, the directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, and back) used to explain the structure and movement of the various elements of this invention are relative rather than absolute. These descriptions are appropriate when these elements are in the positions shown in the drawings. If the descriptions of the positions of these elements change, these directional indications also change accordingly.

[0032] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 This utility model provides a simple device for detecting human blood type, which mainly includes a rinsing solution container 1, a detection component 2, and a liquid suction component 3.

[0033] The flushing fluid container 1 has a receiving cavity 11 for holding flushing fluid 12, and the receiving cavity 11 has a top opening to allow the detection component 2 to be inserted into the receiving cavity 11. A first limiting member 13 is provided on the inner side wall of the receiving cavity 11.

[0034] The detection component 2 contains an antibody for blood type detection. The antibody can specifically bind to the blood type antigen. The detection component 2 has a first end and a second end. The liquid aspiration member 3 is detachably fixed to the second end of the detection component 2. A second limiting member 24 is also provided on the outer wall of the detection component 2.

[0035] When the first end of the detection component 2 is inserted into the receiving cavity 11, the first limiting member 13 and the second limiting member 24 cooperate to form a longitudinal limiting, so as to fix the detection component 2 in the receiving cavity 11.

[0036] This invention provides a simple device for detecting human blood type. By pre-fixing an antibody-bearing detection component 2, the use of tools during testing is reduced. After the detection component 2 is inserted into the rinsing solution container 1, the user only needs to use the suction device 3 to aspirate the rinsing solution 12 to wash away any areas where immunoagglutination has not occurred, allowing for clear observation of the test results. The operation is simple. Furthermore, by pre-fixing the antibody for blood type detection within the detection component 2, the entire testing process is carried out within the component 2. The antibody and blood type antigen can fully contact and react within a relatively fixed space, reducing the influence of external factors on the reaction process compared to the traditional slide method, thereby minimizing the interference of external factors on the test results. The detection component 2 is fixedly engaged with the inner wall of the receiving cavity 11, ensuring its stable position in the rinsing solution 12. This avoids potential operational errors caused by the user manually fixing the detection component 2 during rinsing, thus improving the accuracy of the test. Furthermore, since the detection component 2 is pre-fixed with antibodies, the steps of adding and mixing antibodies are eliminated, saving preparation time and significantly shortening the test time compared to the traditional test tube method. By setting up the rinsing solution container 1 and the aspirator 3, excess blood and unbound substances can be precisely removed, allowing the antigen-antibody mixture that has undergone an immunoagglutination reaction to quickly appear, thereby rapidly obtaining test results and meeting the needs of emergency testing.

[0037] Preferably, when the detection component 2 is inserted into the receiving cavity 11, the surface of the rinsing solution 12 does not exceed the position of the antibody fixed for blood typing within the detection component 2. This arrangement provides sufficient contact between the rinsing solution 12 and the area within the detection component 2 where the antibody reacts with the antigen in the blood sample. By aspirating the rinsing solution 12 with the suction element 3, the reacting area within the detection component 2 can be thoroughly rinsed, completely removing any unbound antigens, impurities, etc., preventing unbound residue and reducing the risk of false positives.

[0038] Preferably, the rinsing solution 12 is physiological saline. Physiological saline does not specifically bind to the antibody, does not interfere with the detection results, and is low in cost, making it suitable for large-scale production.

[0039] Preferably, the antibody is immobilized at the first end of the detection component 2. By immobilizing an antibody that can specifically bind to the antigen at the first end of the detection component 2, the time required for the antigen in the blood sample to diffuse to the pre-immobilized antibody in the capillary is shortened, the reaction initiation speed is accelerated, and the timeliness of the detection is optimized.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment, the first end of the detection component 2 is provided with a sampling head 21 for absorbing blood samples and detecting blood type; the sampling head 21 includes a capillary group 22, the capillary group 22 includes at least two capillaries fixed side by side, and each capillary contains an antibody for detecting human blood type.

[0041] By setting a sampling head 21 at the first end of the detection component 2, blood sample collection and detection are integrated. During the sampling process, the sampling head 21 directly contacts the blood sample, reducing contamination during blood sample transfer and ensuring the purity of the test sample. Furthermore, it eliminates the need for additional sampling tools, greatly simplifying the operation process and reducing the probability of operational errors that might arise from using multiple tools. Simultaneously, the capillary assembly 22 includes at least two capillaries, each containing an antibody used for detecting human blood types. Utilizing the capillary properties, a small amount of blood sample can be automatically drawn under minimal pressure, simultaneously detecting different antigens. This allows for multi-antigen detection with minimal blood collection, reducing user discomfort and minimizing blood sample waste. Moreover, since the capillaries are fixed side-by-side, when additional antigen types need to be detected, only the corresponding number of capillaries need to be added to the capillary assembly 22, and the corresponding antibody needs to be fixed in the newly added capillaries. This allows the capillary assembly 22 to flexibly add detection items, facilitating the expansion of detectable antigens.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, the detection component 2 includes a substrate 23, the capillary assembly 22 is fixed on the substrate 23, and at least two capillary tubes are fixed side-by-side and parallel on the substrate 23. The substrate 23 can be made of epoxy resin, polycarbonate resin, etc., which have good chemical stability and mechanical strength, and can provide a stable fixing environment for the capillary assembly 22.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment, the substrate 23 is a long strip-shaped plate, and the length direction of each capillary is consistent with the length direction of the substrate 23. The long strip-shaped plate-shaped substrate 23 provides a uniform support base for fixing the capillary assembly 22; the consistency of the length direction between each capillary and the substrate 23 ensures that the rinsing fluid 12 maintains a uniform flow path.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment, the surface of the substrate 23 is covered with a transparent sealing film (not shown in the figure), which is tightly adhered to the upper surface of the substrate 23 and wraps around the top of the capillary assembly 22; wherein, the transparent sealing film can be made of polyester film. By covering the surface of the substrate 23 with a transparent sealing film, the position of the capillary assembly 22 can be further fixed; in addition, since the transparent sealing film is made of polyester film, it has high transparency, which can meet the user's need to visually inspect and directly judge the test results.

[0045] Preferably, the capillary is made of polystyrene. Polystyrene has good biocompatibility, and when it comes into contact with blood samples, it hardly undergoes a chemical reaction and can provide a stable fixation environment for antibodies, thereby ensuring antibody activity. Polystyrene also has high visible light transmittance, which meets the needs of users to visually observe antigen-antibody agglutination reactions in blood typing, making it convenient for users to directly judge the test results.

[0046] In a preferred embodiment, the capillary assembly 22 includes a first capillary 221 and a second capillary 222. The first capillary 221 contains an anti-A antibody 22a that can specifically bind to blood group antigen A, and the second capillary 222 contains an anti-B antibody 22b that can specifically bind to blood group antigen B.

[0047] By setting up a first capillary 221 immobilized with anti-A antibody 22a and a second capillary 222 immobilized with anti-B antibody 22b, the user's ABO blood type can be directly determined based on the detection results in the first capillary 221 and the second capillary 222. Specifically, when the user's blood sample contains A antigen, an immunoagglutination reaction will occur in the first capillary 221; when the user's blood sample contains B antigen, an immunoagglutination reaction will occur in the second capillary 222. The user's ABO blood type can be accurately determined based on whether immunoagglutination reactions occur in the first capillary 221 and the second capillary 222.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment, the capillary assembly 22 further includes a third capillary 223, wherein an anti-D antibody 22d that can specifically bind to blood group antigen D is immobilized within the third capillary 223.

[0049] The Rh blood group system is another relatively common blood group system in humans. When the D antigen is present on the surface of red blood cells, the blood is Rh positive; when the D antigen is absent, the blood is Rh negative. When an Rh-negative person receives an Rh-positive transfusion for the first time, their body will produce anti-D antibodies. If Rh-positive blood is transfused again, the D antigen in the newly transfused Rh-positive blood will bind to the anti-D antibodies, triggering an immune response that causes red blood cells to rupture and dissolve, leading to a hemolytic reaction. In severe cases, this can endanger the recipient's life. By installing a third capillary 223 containing fixed anti-D antibodies 22d, the user's Rh blood type can be directly determined based on the detection results within the third capillary 223. Specifically, when a user's blood sample contains the D antigen, an immune agglutination reaction will occur in the third capillary 223. Based on whether an immune agglutination reaction occurs in the third capillary 223, the user's Rh blood type can be accurately determined. This allows for accurate determination of the user's ABO system blood type and Rh system blood type, preventing hemolytic reactions in cases where the user requires emergency blood transfusions.

[0050] In a preferred embodiment, the capillary is configured to draw 5–10 μL of blood sample. Since at least 1–2 μL of whole blood is required for a visible agglutination reaction between antigens and corresponding antibodies in ABO or Rh blood typing, configuring the capillary to draw 5–10 μL of blood sample ensures that the pre-fixed antibodies within the capillary can fully react with the antigens in the user's blood to produce observable test results.

[0051] In a preferred embodiment, the first limiting member 13 and the second limiting member 24 can achieve limiting through longitudinal physical support, snap-fit, threaded connection, plug-in or other means.

[0052] Preferably, the first limiting member 13 consists of two protrusions disposed on the outer periphery of the detection component 2 and arranged opposite to each other, and the second limiting member 24 is correspondingly disposed on two support parts inside the receiving cavity 11. After the detection component 2 is inserted into the receiving cavity 11, the two protrusions are respectively supported on the two support parts inside the receiving cavity 11 to achieve longitudinal limiting, so as to fix the detection component 2 in the receiving cavity 11. This also allows the depth position of the detection component 2 inserted into the receiving cavity 11 to be set.

[0053] In a preferred embodiment, the liquid-absorbing component 3 has a straw hat-shaped structure, including a brim 31 and a top 32. The radial dimension of the brim 31 is adapted to the opening size of the receiving cavity 11 for positioning, and the size of the top 32 completely covers the second end of the detection component 2.

[0054] By setting a straw hat-shaped liquid-absorbing component 3, the radial dimension of the brim 31 is adapted to the opening size of the receiving cavity 11, which facilitates the positioning of the liquid-absorbing component 3 to the second end of the detection component 2, and also prevents external impurities from falling into the rinsing liquid 12 or into the interior of the detection component 2, reducing the possible contamination of the detection results; at the same time, since the size of the top 32 completely covers the second end of the detection component 2, it ensures that the rinsing liquid 12 attracted by the liquid-absorbing component 3 can flow through the detection component 2.

[0055] In a preferred embodiment, the liquid-absorbing element 3 is made of a water-absorbing material. When the liquid-absorbing element 3 contacts the second end of the detection component 2, it attracts the rinsing liquid 12 to flow through the detection component via capillary action. Capillary action is a physical phenomenon generated by the internal pores of the water-absorbing material, which allows the liquid to rise automatically and be absorbed. By making the liquid-absorbing element 3 from a water-absorbing material, it is ensured that the liquid-absorbing element 3 can actively attract the rinsing liquid 12 from the receiving cavity 11 to flow through the detection component 2 without external power. Furthermore, common water-absorbing materials are easy to process into the required shape of the liquid-absorbing element 3.

[0056] Preferably, the liquid-absorbing element 3 is made of sponge. Sponge is soft and has good elasticity, which can provide good sealing and fit when in contact with the second end of the detection component 2. In addition, sponge is inexpensive, easy to process, and has good economic applicability.

[0057] The working principle of this simple device for detecting human blood type is as follows: First, when the sampling head 21 at the first end of the detection component 2 contacts the blood sample, the capillary assembly 22 inside the detection component 2 automatically draws in 5-10 μL of blood. Then, the first end of the detection component 2 is inserted into the receiving cavity 11 and positioned in the container by the cooperation of the first limiting member 13 and the second limiting member 24. At the same time, the liquid aspiration member 3 is fixed to the second end of the detection component 2. After the blood enters the capillary assembly 22, it comes into contact with anti-A antibody 22a in the first capillary 221, anti-B antibody 22b in the second capillary 222, and anti-D antibody 22d in the third capillary 223. If there is an antigen in the blood corresponding to the pre-fixed antibody, an immunoagglutination reaction occurs after the antigen-antibody specifically binds, forming a visible red agglutination mass. At the same time, the liquid aspiration member 3 uses capillary action to draw the rinsing fluid 12 through the capillary assembly 22 to rinse away unbound antigens, impurities, etc.

[0058] Finally, observe the detection results within detection component 2: If a red agglutination appears in the first capillary 221 but not in the second capillary 222, the blood sample is type A; if red agglutination appears in both the first and second capillary 221, the blood sample is type AB; if no red agglutination appears in the first capillary 221 but in the second capillary 222, the blood sample is type B; if no red agglutination appears in either the first or second capillary 222, the blood sample is type O. If a red agglutination appears in the third capillary 223, the blood sample is Rh positive; if no red agglutination appears in the third capillary 223, the blood sample is Rh negative.

[0059] Although the present invention has been described with reference to several typical embodiments, it should be understood that the terminology used is descriptive and exemplary, and not restrictive. Since the present invention can be embodied in many forms without departing from the spirit or essence of the invention, it should be understood that the above embodiments are not limited to any of the foregoing details, but should be interpreted broadly within the spirit and scope defined by the appended claims. Therefore, all variations and modifications falling within the scope of the claims or their equivalents should be covered by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A simple device for detecting human blood type, characterized in that: It includes a rinsing fluid container, a detection assembly, and a suction device, characterized in that, The flushing fluid container has a receiving cavity for holding the flushing fluid, and the receiving cavity has a top opening to allow the detection component to be inserted into the receiving cavity, and a first limiting member is provided on the inner sidewall of the receiving cavity; The detection component contains an antibody for blood type detection, which can specifically bind to blood type antigens. The detection component has a first end and a second end. The liquid aspiration element is detachably fixed to the second end of the detection component. A second limiting element is also provided on the outer wall of the detection component. When the first end of the detection component is inserted into the receiving cavity, the first limiting member and the second limiting member cooperate to form a limiting position, thereby fixing the detection component in the receiving cavity.

2. The simplified device for detecting human blood type according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first end of the detection component is provided with a sampling head for absorbing blood samples and detecting blood type; the sampling head includes a capillary assembly, which includes at least two capillaries fixed side by side, and each capillary contains an antibody for detecting human blood type.

3. The simplified device for detecting human blood type according to claim 2, characterized in that, The detection assembly includes a substrate, the capillary assembly is fixed on the substrate, and at least two capillary tubes are fixed on the substrate in parallel side by side.

4. The simplified device for detecting human blood type according to claim 3, characterized in that, The substrate is a long strip-shaped plate, and the length direction of each capillary is consistent with the length direction of the substrate.

5. The simplified device for detecting human blood type according to claim 2, characterized in that, The capillary assembly includes a first capillary and a second capillary. The first capillary contains an anti-A antibody that can specifically bind to blood group antigen A, and the second capillary contains an anti-B antibody that can specifically bind to blood group antigen B.

6. The simplified device for detecting human blood type according to claim 3, characterized in that, The capillary assembly also includes a third capillary, which contains an anti-D antibody that can specifically bind to blood group antigen D.

7. The simplified device for detecting human blood type according to claim 2, characterized in that, The capillary is sized to be able to draw 5–10 μL of blood samples.

8. The simplified device for detecting human blood type according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid aspiration component has a straw hat-shaped structure, including a brim and a top. The radial dimension of the brim is adapted to the opening size of the receiving cavity for positioning, and the size of the top completely covers the second end of the detection component.

9. The simplified device for detecting human blood type according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid-absorbing element is made of a water-absorbing material, and when it contacts the second end of the detection component, it attracts the rinsing liquid through the detection component via capillary action.

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