Battery cell, battery pack, battery, and electric device

Abstract

The utility model provides a battery unit, battery package, battery and electric equipment, the battery unit includes: electric core, electric heating film, electric heating film sets up on the outer surface of electric core, electric heating film includes the substrate and heating layer of laminated setting, substrate and electric core contact setting, the material of heating layer includes MOSH semiconductor material, the material of substrate is polyester high molecular material, first electrode and second electrode, first electrode and second electrode interval setting are on the surface of heating layer away from the electric core. The electric heating film can effectively and evenly heat the electric core, so that the electric core quickly recovers to the normal working environment temperature, significantly shortens the preheating time of the battery under the low temperature environment, improves the energy utilization rate, and the MOSH semiconductor material can realize uniform heating of the battery interior, avoids local overheating damage to the electrode structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of battery technology, specifically to battery cells, battery packs, batteries, and electrical devices. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of new energy vehicles and energy storage systems, lithium-ion batteries have attracted widespread attention due to their high energy density and long cycle life. However, in low-temperature environments (<0℃), the performance of lithium-ion batteries deteriorates significantly: increased electrolyte viscosity leads to decreased ionic conductivity, sluggish reaction kinetics of electrode active materials, and even lithium dendrite growth, resulting in capacity decay and safety hazards. Moreover, when the temperature drops to -20℃, battery capacity decay can reach more than 30%, and charging efficiency decreases by 70%. These problems severely restrict the driving range of new energy vehicles in cold regions.

[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, heating components are typically incorporated to heat the battery cells in low-temperature environments, maintaining optimal battery performance. Currently, traditional low-temperature heating technologies are mainly categorized into external heating (PTC (resistance wire) heating, liquid circulation heating, and electric heating film heating) and internal self-heating (such as pulse current excitation heating). While internal heating technologies like pulse heating utilize the battery's internal resistance to generate heat, they accelerate battery aging and increase safety risks. Therefore, compared to internal heating technologies, external heating offers the advantage of operating independently of the battery and is simpler to implement, making it a core module of current power battery thermal management systems. However, the aforementioned external heating methods also have some drawbacks, such as uneven heating and slow temperature rise rates. Utility Model Content

[0004] This invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in related technologies. Therefore, one objective of this invention is to provide a battery pack that allows for comprehensive and rapid heating of the battery cells.

[0005] In one aspect, this utility model provides a battery cell. According to an embodiment of this utility model, the battery cell includes: a battery cell; an electric heating film disposed on the outer surface of the battery cell, the electric heating film including a substrate and a heating layer stacked thereon, the substrate being in contact with the battery cell, the heating layer being made of a MOSH semiconductor material, and the substrate being made of a polyester polymer material; a first electrode and a second electrode, the first electrode and the second electrode being disposed spaced apart on the surface of the heating layer away from the battery cell. Therefore, by providing current through an external power source connected to the first and second electrodes, and using the MOSH semiconductor material, a nanoscale wide-bandgap semiconductor material, the electric heating film generates an electric field when energized. Under the influence of this electric field, the MOSH semiconductor material can release far-infrared spectral lines of specific wavelengths with good thermal effects, causing the heating layer itself to heat up and thus heating the battery cell. Furthermore, the battery cell can also directly absorb some of the far-infrared spectral lines, converting the absorbed infrared spectral lines into heat, which in turn generates heat. This heating method enables rapid heating of the battery cell and has high energy conversion efficiency. Moreover, the infrared spectrum heating generated by the MOSH semiconductor material allows for large-area uniform heating, improving the heating uniformity of the electric heating film and thus enhancing the heating uniformity of the battery cell. In summary, this electric heating film can effectively and uniformly heat the battery cell, allowing it to quickly return to its normal operating temperature, significantly shortening the battery preheating time in low-temperature environments, improving energy utilization, and simultaneously enabling uniform heating of the battery interior, avoiding localized overheating that could damage the electrode structure.

[0006] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the heating layer is 5 to 1000 nm.

[0007] According to embodiments of the present invention, the MOSH semiconductor material includes CdS, MoS2, ZnS, TiO2, MoO3, SiO2, indium tin oxide, zinc aluminum oxide, or indium oxide.

[0008] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the substrate satisfies at least one of the following conditions: the material of the substrate includes one or more of polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, and / or polyurethane; the thickness of the substrate is 1μm-100μm; the tensile strength of the substrate is 100-300MPa; and the elongation at break of the substrate is greater than or equal to 80%.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the substrate is a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure comprising multiple sub-layers stacked together, wherein the materials of the multiple sub-layers are not entirely the same.

[0010] According to an embodiment of this utility model, the length L1, width W1, and height H1 of the battery cell satisfy the following:

[0011] 100mm≤L1≤2000mm, 100mm≤W1≤1000mm, 10mm≤H1≤100mm.

[0012] According to embodiments of the present invention, the first electrode and the second electrode respectively satisfy at least one of the following conditions: the materials of the first electrode and the second electrode are aluminum, copper, nickel, tungsten, silver, iron, chromium, zinc, or silver; both the first electrode and the second electrode are strip-shaped, and the width W2, length L2, and thickness H2 satisfy:

[0013] 2*(W1+H1)≤L2≤4*(W1+H1), 1mm≤W2≤1 / 2L1, 1μm≤H2≤10mm.

[0014] In another aspect, the present invention provides a battery pack. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the battery pack includes the aforementioned battery cells. Therefore, the battery pack can rapidly and uniformly heat up in low-temperature environments, improving its battery performance in low-temperature environments. Those skilled in the art will understand that the battery pack possesses all the features and advantages of the aforementioned battery cells, which will not be elaborated upon further here.

[0015] In another aspect, the present invention provides a battery. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the battery includes: the aforementioned battery pack, and an external power source, wherein the positive and negative terminals of the external power source are electrically connected to a first electrode and a second electrode in the battery pack, respectively.

[0016] In another aspect, the present invention provides an electrical device. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the electrical device includes the aforementioned battery pack. Therefore, the electrical device maintains good performance even in low-temperature environments.

[0017] Additional aspects and advantages of this invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this utility model will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the battery cell structure in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the battery cell structure in another embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the battery cell structure in another embodiment of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the battery cell structure in another embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the battery cell structure in another embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the battery pack structure in another embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the external power supply for the electric heating film in another embodiment of this utility model.

[0026] Reference numerals: electric heating film 100; substrate 10; heating coating 20; heating layer 21; conductive layer 22; first sub-layer 11; second sub-layer 12; third sub-layer 13; battery cell 1000; battery cell 200; first electrode 310; second electrode 320; battery pack 10000. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present invention will be explained below with reference to embodiments. Those skilled in the art will understand that the following embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Where specific techniques or conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the field or according to the product instructions. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all conventional products that can be obtained commercially.

[0028] The present invention will now be described with reference to specific embodiments. It should be noted that these embodiments are merely descriptive and do not limit the present invention in any way.

[0029] In one aspect, the present invention provides a battery cell. According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to… Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4The battery cell 1000 includes: a battery cell 200; an electric heating film 100 disposed on the outer surface of the battery cell 100, the electric heating film 100 including a substrate 10 and a heating layer 20 stacked together, the substrate 10 being in contact with the battery cell 200, the heating layer 20 being made of a MOSH semiconductor material, and the substrate being made of a polyester polymer material; a first electrode 310 and a second electrode 320, the first electrode 310 and the second electrode 320 being disposed at intervals on the surface of the heating layer 20 away from the battery cell 200. Therefore, current is supplied through an external power source connected to the first and second electrodes. The MOSH semiconductor material, being a nanoscale wide-bandgap semiconductor, generates an electric field when energized. Under this field, the MOSH semiconductor material releases far-infrared spectral lines of specific wavelengths with excellent thermal effects, causing the heating layer itself to heat up and thus the battery cell. Furthermore, the battery cell can directly absorb some of the far-infrared spectral lines, converting the absorbed infrared rays into heat. This heating method enables rapid heating of the battery cell and achieves high energy conversion efficiency. Moreover, the infrared spectrum heating generated by the MOSH semiconductor material allows for large-area uniform heating, improving the heating uniformity of the electric heating film and thus enhancing the heating uniformity of the battery cell. In summary, this electric heating film can effectively and uniformly heat the battery cell, allowing it to quickly return to its normal operating temperature, significantly shortening the preheating time of the battery in low-temperature environments, and improving energy utilization. Simultaneously, the MOSH semiconductor material enables uniform heating of the battery interior, preventing localized overheating and damage to the electrode structure. Additionally, the substrate includes a polyester polymer material, which helps improve the adhesion between the heating coating and the substrate.

[0030] Furthermore, the power decay rate of MOSH semiconductor material is less than 5% over 50 years, and it can still maintain stable performance under repeated thermal cycling. Applying the electric heating film of this invention to battery cells to heat the cells can meet the requirements of the entire life cycle of vehicle batteries and help improve the battery's lifespan and efficiency in low-temperature environments.

[0031] According to some embodiments of this utility model, the thickness of the heating layer is 5–1000 nm. For example, it can be 5 nm, 10 nm, 20 nm, 40 nm, 70 nm, 100 nm, 200 nm, 300 nm, 400 nm, 500 nm, 600 nm, 700 nm, 800 nm, 900 nm, or 1000 nm. Thus, the heating layer of the above thickness can effectively emit far-infrared spectral lines under the influence of an electric field. Furthermore, a thinner heating layer allows for strong adhesion to the substrate surface, facilitating integration into the battery cell surface, and almost without increasing the volume and weight of the battery cell. If the thickness is too thin, the effect of releasing far-infrared spectral lines is relatively poor, which is detrimental to the heating effect of the electric heating film; if the thickness is too thick, it will correspondingly increase the cost. The appropriate thickness of the heating layer can be designed according to the temperature of the environment in which the battery cell is located. In some embodiments, when the temperature of the low-temperature environment is low (e.g., below -10°C), a relatively thick heating layer can be designed; if the low-temperature environment is not too low (e.g., 0 to -10°C), a relatively thin heating layer can be designed.

[0032] According to some embodiments of this invention, the MOSH semiconductor material can be a sulfide, oxide, or other semiconductor material. In some specific embodiments, the MOSH semiconductor material includes CdS, MoS2, ZnS, TiO2, MoO3, SiO2, indium tin oxide, zinc aluminum oxide, or indium oxide. These materials can effectively release far-infrared spectral lines of specific wavelengths with good thermal effects under the action of an electric field.

[0033] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the material of the substrate 10 includes one or more of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), and polyurethane (PU). Therefore, the above materials have good thermal conductivity, which can transfer the heat generated by the heating coating to the object to be heated, ensuring optimal heating efficiency. Furthermore, the substrate surface, after treatment, can have good surface hydrophilicity and adhesion, thereby improving the adhesion of the heating coating to the substrate surface and enhancing the overall structural stability of the electric heating film. Simultaneously, the substrate provides good support for the heating coating, facilitating the integration of the electric heating film onto the surface of the object to be heated.

[0034] In some embodiments, the substrate can be a single-layer structure, which can include the following two cases: First, the substrate is a single-layer structure of a single material, such as a PET layer, a PBT layer, or a PU layer; Second, the substrate is a single-layer structure including multiple materials, that is, a substrate with a single-layer structure prepared by physically mixing two different raw materials, such as a single-layer structure substrate including two or three raw materials among PET, PBT, and PU.

[0035] In other embodiments, the substrate 10 is a multilayer structure comprising multiple stacked sublayers. The materials of the multiple sublayers are not entirely identical. The multilayer substrate can be composed of at least two or three of PET, PBT, and PU layers. Different sublayers can be made of the same or different materials. For example, the substrate 10 may be a composite layer comprising PET and PBT layers, with two, three, or more layers; or a composite layer comprising PET and PU layers, with two, three, or more layers; or a composite layer comprising PBT and PU layers, with two, three, or more layers; or a composite layer comprising PET, PBT, and PU layers, with two, three, or more layers. In this composite layer structure, the stacking order of the multiple sublayers is not required and can be flexibly set according to actual needs. In some specific embodiments, the substrate 10 comprises multiple stacked sublayers (e.g., Figure 5 The material of each sublayer (including the first sublayer 11, the second sublayer 12, and the third sublayer 13) is not entirely the same.

[0036] According to some embodiments of this utility model, the thickness of the substrate is 1μm-100μm, such as 1μm, 10μm, 20μm, 30μm, 40μm, 50μm, 60μm, 70μm, 80μm, 90μm, 100μm, etc. Substrates with the above thicknesses have good support and toughness, allowing the electric heating film to adhere well to the surface of the battery cell.

[0037] According to some embodiments of this utility model, the tensile strength of the substrate is 100-300 MPa, such as 100 MPa, 120 MPa, 150 MPa, 180 MPa, 200 MPa, 220 MPa, 250 MPa, 280 MPa, 300 MPa, etc.; the elongation at break of the substrate is greater than or equal to 80%, such as 80%, 82%, 85%, 87%, 88%, 90%, 92%, 94%, 95%, 97%, 99%, etc. The substrate with the above-mentioned mechanical properties can have better load-bearing capacity when the heating layer is prepared using processes such as deposition or spraying; moreover, it can adhere well to the non-planar surface of the battery cell, improving the adhesion.

[0038] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the electric heating film 100 can cover part of the outer surface of the battery cell 200 or the entire outer surface of the battery cell 200.

[0039] According to some embodiments of this utility model, the specific shape of the battery cell is not particularly required; the battery cell can be a stacked structure battery cell or a wound structure battery cell. Furthermore, the specific size of the battery cell is not particularly required; those skilled in the art can flexibly choose according to actual needs. In some embodiments of this utility model, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the length L1, width W1, and height H1 of the battery cell satisfy the following conditions: 100mm≤L1≤2000mm, 100mm≤W1≤1000mm, and 10mm≤H1≤100mm. In some specific embodiments, the dimensions (length*width*thickness) of a single laminated battery cell are 1000mm*100mm*18mm.

[0040] According to some embodiments of this utility model, the materials of the first electrode and the second electrode are aluminum, copper, nickel, tungsten, silver, iron, chromium, zinc, or silver, respectively, thus ensuring good conductivity. The first electrode and the second electrode may be the same or different.

[0041] According to some embodiments of this utility model, both the first electrode and the second electrode are strip-shaped, with their width W2, length L2, and thickness H2 satisfying: 2*(W1+H1)≤L2≤4*(W1+H1), 1mm≤W2≤1 / 2L1, and 1μm≤H2≤10mm. This ensures good contact between the first and second electrodes and the heating layer, reducing the contact resistance between them, increasing the circuit current, and thus contributing to improved energy conversion efficiency of the electric heating film. In some specific embodiments, the dimensions (length*width*thickness) of both the strip-shaped first and second electrodes are 240mm*20mm*6μm.

[0042] According to some embodiments of the utility model, the electrothermal conversion efficiency of the electric heating film is greater than or equal to 99%; the heating rate of the battery cell is greater than or equal to 1.5℃ / min. Therefore, the electric heating film of the present invention has good heating rate and energy conversion efficiency, and can significantly heat the battery cell in a short time.

[0043] In some embodiments, the battery cell is heated by the above-mentioned electric heating film, and the temperature difference between the outer surface and the interior of the heated battery cell can be less than or equal to 2°C.

[0044] According to some embodiments of this utility model, there are no special requirements for the specific type of the battery cell, and those skilled in the art can make flexible selections according to actual needs. In some embodiments, the battery cell can be a lithium-ion battery cell, a sodium-ion battery cell, a lead-acid battery cell, a nickel-cadmium battery cell, a nickel-metal hydride battery cell, a lithium polymer battery cell, or other cell types.

[0045] According to embodiments of this invention, when preparing the electric heating film, a heating layer can be formed on the substrate surface using chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition (such as magnetron sputtering), or spraying methods. Therefore, these methods can effectively control the thickness of the heating layer and ensure good adhesion of the heating layer to the substrate surface.

[0046] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a heating layer can be deposited using magnetron sputtering. The film formed by this method has advantages such as uniform film formation, good density, and strong adhesion; moreover, the thickness and composition of the heating layer can be precisely controlled, ensuring the quality and performance stability of the heating layer; furthermore, during the plasma treatment process of magnetron sputtering, polar groups such as -OH and -COOH are formed through oxygen free radical oxidation, enhancing the chemical bond between the heating layer and the substrate. This reduces the likelihood of film peeling during long-term use, improving the reliability and service life of the electric heating film.

[0047] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a heating layer is formed by magnetron sputtering, wherein the deposition power is 100-300W, such as 100W, 150W, 200W, 250W, 300W, etc., and the pre-sputtering cleaning time for the target surface is 3-10 minutes.

[0048] In another aspect, the present invention provides a battery pack. According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to... Figure 6 The battery pack 10000 includes the aforementioned battery cell 1000. Therefore, the battery pack can rapidly and uniformly heat up in low-temperature environments, improving its battery performance in low-temperature environments. Those skilled in the art will understand that the battery pack possesses all the features and advantages of the aforementioned battery cell, which will not be elaborated upon further here.

[0049] In another aspect, the present invention provides a battery. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the battery includes: the aforementioned battery pack, and an external power supply, see reference to... Figure 7 The positive and negative terminals of the external power supply are electrically connected to the first and second electrodes in the battery pack, respectively. This allows the external power supply to heat the heating coating in the battery cell, and since the external power supply is independent of the battery, it facilitates subsequent replacement or disassembly.

[0050] According to some embodiments of this utility model, the electric heating films in different battery cells can be connected in parallel or in series. The external power source can be a storage battery.

[0051] According to some embodiments of this utility model, the external power supply can adopt an intermittent pulse power supply mode. When the ambient temperature of the battery pack is low, such as below 0°C, -5°C, -10°C, -15°C, or -20°C, the external power supply is switched on to start heating the cells in the battery unit, raising the internal temperature of the cells to prevent them from charging and discharging at lower temperatures, which would affect battery performance such as cycle life. Once the temperature of the cells has been heated to a predetermined temperature, the circuit is disconnected, the power supply is stopped, and the heating of the cells is stopped to prevent the cell temperature from becoming too high. The predetermined temperature can be between 20°C and 40°C.

[0052] In another aspect, the present invention provides an electrical device. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the electrical device includes the aforementioned battery pack. Therefore, the electrical device maintains good performance even in low-temperature environments.

[0053] According to an embodiment of this utility model, the electrical equipment can be a vehicle.

[0054] Example

[0055] Example 1

[0056] PET substrate is used, with a thickness of 20μm;

[0057] An indium tin oxide heating layer with a thickness of 20 nm was deposited on the surface of a substrate by magnetron sputtering to obtain an electric heating film.

[0058] The prepared electric heating film is applied to the surface of a single stacked lithium-ion battery cell (1000mm*100mm*18mm in size), with the substrate in direct contact with the cell surface. Copper strips (240mm*20mm*6μm in size) are added to both ends of the cell near the tabs as the first and second electrodes, respectively. Finally, the cells are assembled into a battery pack.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] The battery pack structure is basically the same as that of Example 1, the only difference being that the battery cells are wound cells.

[0061] Example 3

[0062] The battery pack structure is basically the same as that in Example 1, except that the substrate thickness is 40μm.

[0063] Example 4

[0064] The battery pack structure is basically the same as that in Example 1, the only difference being that the heating layer is a zinc oxide aluminum heating layer.

[0065] Example 5

[0066] The battery pack structure is basically the same as that in Example 1, except that the thickness of the heating layer is 40nm.

[0067] Example 6

[0068] The battery pack structure is basically the same as that in Example 1, except that the first electrode and the second electrode are both aluminum strips.

[0069] Comparative Example 1

[0070] In the battery pack, a resistance wire is provided on the outer surface of the battery cell with the same structure and size as in Example 1. By connecting the resistance wire between the first electrode and the second electrode, the resistance wire heats up when current flows through it, generating heat that heats the battery casing in contact with it. The number of battery cells in the battery pack is the same.

[0071] Comparative Example 2

[0072] In the battery pack, a liquid thermal system is used to heat the battery cells. This system consists of a container placed on the contact surface of the battery cells, filled with heat-conducting oil. During battery heating, the liquid in the container first raises the temperature, and then the container, in contact with the battery cells, transfers heat to the cells, causing them to heat up. The battery cells are of the same structure and size as those in Example 1, and the number of battery cells in the battery pack is the same.

[0073] The electric heating film, resistance wire, and liquid thermal system in the battery packs of the above embodiments and comparative examples were connected to the same external power supply. The heating rate of the battery cells and the electrothermal conversion efficiency of the electric heating film were tested. The heating and temperature test methods in GB / T31485-2015 (Safety Requirements and Test Methods for Power Batteries for Electric Vehicles) and ISO 6469-1 (Safety Specifications for Electric Vehicles - Thermal Management Part) were used to test the termination temperature of cell heating, calculate the heating rate and energy conversion efficiency: Heating rate = (Heating termination temperature - Initial temperature) / Heating time; Energy conversion efficiency: Energy consumption = Voltage × Current × Power-on time; Heat absorbed by the battery during heating = Battery specific heat capacity × Temperature rise; Energy conversion efficiency = Heat absorbed by the battery during heating / Energy consumption. The battery pack was placed at -20°C, and the external power supply was connected to start heating the battery cells. Heating was stopped when the surface temperature of the battery cell casing reached 35°C. The test results of the heating rate of the battery cells and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the electric heating film during this process are shown in Table 1.

[0074] Table 1

[0075] Cell heating rate (°C / min) Energy conversion efficiency (%) Example 1 1.83 98.2 Example 2 1.96 98.8 Example 3 1.79 97.6 Example 4 1.72 97.4 Example 5 1.87 98.6 Example 6 1.54 97.1 Comparative Example 1 0.72 95.4 Comparative Example 2 1.18 80.3

[0076] As shown in Table 1, compared to the heating methods in the comparative examples, the electric heating film of the present invention can quickly and stably heat the battery cell, has a high energy conversion efficiency, and exhibits better heating uniformity, avoiding localized overheating or underheating. Furthermore, it is not selective in terms of battery cell structure and can be applied to heating batteries with different structures. Examples 1 and 3 show that different substrate thicknesses have a certain impact on the heating efficiency of the battery cell. A substrate of suitable thickness can heat the battery cell better, while a thicker substrate will relatively affect heat transfer, thus affecting the heating efficiency. A comparison of Examples 1 and 4 shows that different heating layer materials result in different heating efficiencies for the electric heating film, but all electric heating films have good heating efficiencies, i.e., an electrothermal conversion efficiency greater than or equal to 99% and a battery cell heating rate greater than or equal to 1.5℃ / min. A comparison of Examples 1 and 6 shows that the choice of materials for the first and second electrodes, i.e., the difference in conductivity, also has a certain impact on heating efficiency. Electrodes with better conductivity are more conducive to improving the heating efficiency of the battery cell.

[0077] The terms "first" and "second" used in this document are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature marked "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0078] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0079] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery cell, characterized in that, include: Battery cell; An electric heating film is disposed on the outer surface of the battery cell. The electric heating film includes a substrate and a heating layer stacked together. The substrate is in contact with the battery cell. The material of the heating layer includes a MOSH semiconductor material, and the material of the substrate is a polyester polymer material. A first electrode and a second electrode are disposed at an interval on the surface of the heating layer away from the battery cell.

2. The battery cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the heating layer is 5–1000 nm.

3. The battery cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The MOSH semiconductor materials include CdS, MoS2, ZnS, TiO2, MoO3, SiO2, indium tin oxide, zinc aluminum oxide, or indium oxide.

4. The battery cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The substrate satisfies at least one of the following conditions: The material of the substrate includes one or more of polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate and / or polyurethane; The thickness of the substrate is 1μm-100μm; The tensile strength of the substrate is 100-300 MPa; The elongation at break of the substrate is greater than or equal to 80%.

5. The battery cell according to claim 4, characterized in that, The substrate is a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure comprising multiple stacked sub-layers, wherein the materials of the multiple sub-layers are not entirely the same.

6. The battery cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The length L1, width W1, and height H1 of the battery cell satisfy the following: 100mm≤L1≤2000mm, 100mm≤W1≤1000mm, 10mm≤H1≤100mm.

7. The battery cell according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first electrode and the second electrode each satisfy at least one of the following conditions: The materials of the first electrode and the second electrode are aluminum, copper, nickel, tungsten, silver, iron, chromium, zinc or silver, respectively; Both the first electrode and the second electrode are strip-shaped, with width W2, length L2, and thickness H2 satisfying the following: 2*(W1+H1)≤L2≤4*(W1+H1), 1mm≤W2≤1 / 2L1, 1μm≤H2≤10mm.

8. A battery pack, characterized in that, Includes the battery cell described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. A battery, characterized in that, include: The battery pack as claimed in claim 8; An external power supply is provided, with its positive and negative terminals electrically connected to the first and second electrodes in the battery pack, respectively.

10. An electrical appliance, characterized in that, Includes the battery as described in claim 9.

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