Device for internal cleaning of coal bunker

Abstract

The utility model relates to a device for coal bunker internal cleaning, belong to material conveying equipment field technology, the utility model discloses winch drum, winch drive arrangement, high pressure rubber pipe, flexible hose, the one end of flexible hose is connected with the transition pipe, and the transition pipe inserts into the water through round hole or is sleeved in the water through round hole outer circle, and the contact section between both is gap fit, and the sealing device is simultaneously arranged in the position of both cooperation surfaces, and the other end of flexible hose is connected with high pressure water pump jet head, and the jet head height direction is columnar structure, and the middle is hollow structure, and the columnar structure side is provided with the injection hole, and the jet head has rotary drive mechanism, and rotary drive mechanism places in the coal bunker storehouse top, or is set up in the inside of jet head, can adopt the continuous work's cleaning process of full -automatic unmanned intervention of plc, has simple structure practical, the good cleaning result, the high cleaning efficiency, the safe and reliable use of high efficiency and other advantages.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a device for cleaning the inside of a coal bunker, belonging to the field of material conveying equipment. Background Technology

[0002] In coal production, various coal bunkers are widely used for temporary storage. Because coal contains a certain amount of clay minerals, it possesses a degree of stickiness. During storage, the coal, due to the squeezing action between itself, tends to adhere to the bunker walls, starting from the lower conical section. This adhesion gradually accumulates and spreads upwards from the bottom chute and conical section, resulting in coal sticking to the bunker walls. As this adhesion worsens, the effective volume of the bunker gradually decreases, eventually leading to "rat holes," where only a small diameter area in the center of the bunker remains for coal flow. Further development of this phenomenon results in "bubble bunker," where the coal flow channel is completely blocked. The presence of rat holes significantly reduces the effective volume of the bunker, greatly diminishing its ability to regulate coal production. Bubble bunkering necessitates shutdown for repairs, severely impacting normal coal production. Furthermore, the process of clearing blockages and removing the blockages poses safety hazards to personnel and equipment. Therefore, it is essential to address the problem of coal sticking to the bunker walls during production.

[0003] Currently, there are two main methods for resolving coal adhesion and bulging issues in coal bunkers: manual cleaning and mechanical cleaning. Manual cleaning involves workers entering the coal bunker to remove the coal when severe adhesion occurs. This method is obviously very effective at cleaning the coal adhering to the walls. However, it also has significant drawbacks, such as low efficiency, high labor intensity, and high risk. Coal bunkers are generally deep and large in diameter, and they also contain explosive and toxic gases such as methane. Furthermore, coal at higher elevations may collapse during the cleaning process, burying equipment and personnel below. Therefore, most coal mining companies have recently issued explicit regulations prohibiting manual entry into coal bunkers for cleaning operations. Mechanical cleaning involves sending machinery into the coal bunker for mechanical cleaning. While this method seems promising, eliminating the safety hazards of manual cleaning and reducing labor intensity while increasing efficiency, its practical feasibility, including robotic cleaning, is extremely low. This is due to the depth and large diameter of coal bunkers, the complex adhesion of coal to the walls, and the presence of flammable and explosive gases. Machinery entering the bunker must be explosion-proof, particularly against impacts from falling coal. Clearly, most equipment lacks this capability. Furthermore, the large and deep coal bunker requires a very large structure for purely mechanical cleaning, demanding extremely high structural strength and rigidity. This is because the machinery is susceptible to falling coal and being impacted or buried by high-moisture coal and debris. Whether it's a fall or burial, if the equipment itself is electrified, it poses a significant safety hazard. Furthermore, due to its large size, a collision during a fall can generate sparks, especially with mechanical cleaning, which itself generates impacts and sparks. This could ignite and explode flammable gases inside the storage area. To meet these specific requirements, although some manufacturers have proposed mechanical cleaning methods and developed corresponding products, they have not yet been widely adopted in actual production. Currently, some manufacturers have proposed using high-pressure water jets for cleaning; however, the lifting and rotating structures of these water jet devices are extremely complex and bulky, and the problem of damage from impacts and burials during use remains unresolved, significantly reducing their practicality and preventing their widespread adoption in actual production. Based on the above, there is an urgent need to develop a practical, safe, and reliable cleaning device to solve problems such as bulging and rat-burrowed storage in current coal bunkers. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a device for cleaning the inside of a coal bunker, which can effectively solve the problems existing in current coal bunker cleaning devices.

[0005] The purpose of this utility model is achieved as follows: A device for cleaning the inside of a coal bunker includes a winch drum, a winch drive device, a high-pressure hose, a flexible hose, and a jet nozzle. The winch drum is mounted on a base at both ends via a rotating support shaft, a support bearing and bearing seat, and a support frame. The base is mounted on the top of the coal bunker. One end of the rotating support shaft is connected to the rotating drive device, and the other end of the rotating support shaft has a water-passing hole with the rotating support shaft as its axis. One end of the high-pressure hose is connected to the water-passing hole and then wound around the winch drum. The other end of the high-pressure hose wound around the winch drum hangs down into the coal bunker. The flexible hose is internally connected to a jet nozzle at one end. The jet nozzle has a columnar structure in the height direction and a hollow structure in the middle. The side of the columnar structure is provided with spray holes. The number of spray holes is 2 to 4. All spray holes have the same structure and size and are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction. The jet nozzle has a rotary drive mechanism. One end of the flexible hose is connected to a transition tube. The transition tube is inserted into the water passage hole or fitted on the outer circle of the water passage hole. The contact section between the two is a clearance fit. At the same time, a sealing device is provided at the mating surface of the two. The transition tube is also fixed on a support frame or bearing seat. The other end of the flexible hose is connected to a high-pressure water pump.

[0006] A spiral arc-shaped groove is provided on the outer circle of the winch drum. The pitch of the groove is less than or equal to 1.2 times the diameter of the high-pressure hose. The spiral arc-shaped groove is formed by polyurethane or elastic rubber vulcanized on the winch drum.

[0007] A hose manifold connected to the winch drum is provided at the position of the winch drum. The hose manifold includes a guide rod, a positioning rod, a rotating device, and a guide frame. The high-pressure hose is inserted into the limiting hole of the guide frame. The guide frame is provided with a guide block, and the guide block has guide teeth. The guide teeth are inserted into the guide groove of the guide rod. The guide frame is installed on the guide rod and the positioning rod. The guide rod is driven to rotate synchronously by the winch mechanism through the rotating device, and the guide groove provided on it pushes the guide block and the guide frame of the guide frame to move along the width direction of the winch drum.

[0008] The rotary drive mechanism includes a rotary ring, a fixed ring, and a rotary drive device. The winch drum and support frame are fixed to the base by the rotary ring, ball bearings, and fixed ring. The rotary ring and fixed ring are connected together by a ball bearing assembly. A rotary drive device is installed between the rotary ring and the fixed ring. Under the action of the rotary drive device, the rotary ring reciprocates relative to the fixed ring. The jet nozzle passes through the rotary ring and the fixed ring and is suspended in the coal bunker by a high-pressure hose.

[0009] The outer ring is a rotating ring, and the winch drum is mounted on the outer ring. The inner ring is a fixed ring. Arc-shaped grooves are provided on the inner surface of the outer ring and the outer surface of the inner ring. The inner and outer rings are connected by spherical balls filled in the grooves. A sealing device and a lubrication mechanism are provided in the gap between the outer and inner rings where the spherical balls are installed. At the same time, a rotary drive mechanism is provided between the outer and inner rings. The rotary drive mechanism is a worm gear transmission mechanism or a gear transmission mechanism. The worm gear or gear transmission mechanism is driven by a stepper motor through a reducer and a coupling. The rotation angle and rotation direction of the stepper motor are controlled by a PLC of the electrical control system.

[0010] The width of the winch drum is smaller than the diameter of the inner ring, and the distance between the axis of the winch drum and the center line of the inner ring is equal to 0.8 to 1.2 times the radius of the winch drum.

[0011] The jet nozzle includes a connecting pipe, a nozzle seat, a rotary nozzle, and a nozzle rotation drive mechanism. The top of the connecting pipe is connected to a high-pressure resistant rubber hose, and the lower part is inserted into the rotary nozzle. The insertion part of the two is clearance-fitted, and a sealing ring is provided at the fitting part. The rotary nozzle is fixed in the nozzle seat by a fixed bearing. The spray hole is located on the side of the rotary nozzle. A torque spring is provided between the nozzle seat and the rotary nozzle. The outer ring of the torque spring is fixed on the nozzle seat, and the inner ring is fixed on the rotary nozzle. The nozzle rotation drive mechanism includes a pull rope, a pull rope winding and unwinding device, a winding and unwinding drive mechanism, and a pulley. One end of the pull rope is wound around the upper part of the rotary nozzle, and the other end is first wound around the pulley, then passes upward through the pulley through the nozzle seat, and is connected to the stepping roller of the winding and unwinding drive mechanism. The stepping roller is mounted on the base frame and is driven by a stepper motor through a reducer and a coupling to rotate and wind up and unwind the pull rope.

[0012] The number of injection holes is two, and the injection holes are symmetrically offset from the axis by the same distance in the circumferential direction of the jet nozzle.

[0013] The spray holes are located on the side of the conical section of the rotary nozzle, and the angle between the spray direction of the spray holes and the plane is between 0 and 75 degrees.

[0014] A rotary friction resistance adjustment device is provided on the jet nozzle.

[0015] High-pressure water jet cleaning, with appropriate jet pressure, flow rate, and nozzle configuration, can achieve an effective range of 20 meters or more. For coal bunkers with a diameter of approximately 20 meters, jet nozzles positioned near the bunker's axis and driven by a rotating mechanism can clean any radial area within the bunker. Furthermore, due to water's inherent wetting and penetrating properties, even hardened, dehydrated coal deposited on the bunker walls over a long period can be easily removed by the water jet's penetration followed by the high-pressure jet energy generated by the high-speed water column. Therefore, this method offers significant advantages over other mechanical and manual cleaning methods.

[0016] Using high-pressure hoses to suspend the jet nozzles, the high-pressure hoses can be raised and lowered by a winch mechanism without intermediate joints. Even for coal bunkers up to 80 meters high, the winch mechanism can extend and retract the high-pressure hose, which has a certain degree of elastic deformation and can be made into a single unit. This ensures that the jet nozzles connected to the ends of the high-pressure hoses can smoothly complete uninterrupted and continuous cleaning operations at any height in the coal bunker. At the same time, since there is no need to manually connect or disconnect the water supply pipeline to the jet nozzles during the cleaning process, the cleaning can be completed without human intervention, greatly improving the cleaning efficiency. In addition, it also reduces or even eliminates the labor intensity of manual operation, which has very obvious advantages.

[0017] Two to four injection holes are evenly arranged around the circumference of the jet nozzle, with identical structure and dimensions. This ensures the stability of the jet nozzle's position and state during operation, preventing twisting and deflection, and guaranteeing effective cleaning. The jet nozzle employs a hollow structure with a cylindrical upper part and a conical lower part, further enhancing its operational stability. Since the injection holes are directly mounted on the cylindrical or conical body of the jet nozzle without protruding outwards, and given the relatively small size of the jet nozzle itself, coupled with the elasticity and resilience of the connected high-pressure hose, and a buffer cone at the top to reduce the impact of collapsing material, the jet nozzle is less likely to be damaged by coal falling from the upper part of the coal bunker during operation, ensuring long-term safe and reliable operation.

[0018] During the cleaning process, the high-pressure jet first cleans the coal near the coal chute from the top and downwards. It is very easy to remove the coal adhering to the inclined wall near the coal chute. After removing the coal, the jet nozzle is gradually moved upwards. At this time, the high-pressure jet sprays from the top and downwards, which has an excellent cleaning effect on the coal that is already suspended and adhering to the wall. The cleaning efficiency is also greatly improved.

[0019] During the cleaning process, the only equipment used inside the warehouse is a very simple and compact steel jet nozzle and a high-pressure hose connected to it. The cleaning medium is only high-pressure water. Therefore, there is no need to worry about safety in flammable and explosive environments, nor is there any need to worry about the equipment being buried or damaged during the operation. It has the advantages of simple structure, safe and reliable use, and low maintenance workload.

[0020] Because the coal bunkers used for actual cleaning are relatively large in height and diameter—for example, commonly used coal bunkers are generally over 30 meters high and no less than 10 meters in diameter—the jet must have a certain flow rate and pressure to effectively remove the coal adhering to the walls. Therefore, all connections from the high-pressure water pump to the jet nozzle must have sufficient pressure resistance to ensure the normal operation of the high-pressure jet device. The diameter of the water pipes must also be sufficient to reduce pressure loss and ensure adequate jet flow. Using large and long high-pressure hoses inevitably increases the size of the entire hoisting mechanism. Since the hoisting mechanism rotates and swivels during operation, and is installed on the top of the coal bunker, where the structural strength is generally low and the available space is limited, there are strict limitations on the weight and size of the installed equipment. Therefore, reducing the size and weight of the hoisting mechanism is of great importance. Since the high-pressure hose, after descending from the winch drum, must pass through the central space of the inner ring to enter the coal inlet and coal bunker, the inner diameter of the inner ring and the range of positional change of the high-pressure hose during the winch process are mutually constrained. If the displacement of the high-pressure hose during the winch process is too large, the inner ring diameter will increase, and the overall size of the mechanism will increase, which is obviously disadvantageous. Therefore, minimizing the displacement change of the high-pressure hose during the cleaning process is of great significance. To ensure that the size and weight of the entire slewing and winch mechanism are minimized, the front-to-back and left-to-right positions of the high-pressure hose should be as close as possible to the centerline of the inner ring. This maximizes the range of hose displacement even with a smaller inner ring size. To achieve this, the winch mechanism is offset to the center of one side of the rotating ring, and the outer ring is used as the rotating ring, so that its center of gravity is still inside the ring (if the center of gravity is outside the ring, a bending moment will be generated on the ring, which is not conducive to the rotation of the ring). This increases the size range in which the winch mechanism can be stably installed, and at the same time, it is most beneficial to increase the position offset range of the high-pressure hose under the condition of the same inner ring diameter.

[0021] During the winch operation, the axial position of the high-pressure hose on the winch drum changes. A smaller drum diameter requires more hose turns, increasing the drum's length. Adding to this the lifting drive, water pipes, and flexible hoses along the drum's axis, an excessively large axial dimension results in a very large space occupied by rotating components during the rotation of the winch mechanism, negatively impacting the overall layout. Conversely, a larger drum diameter allows for a smaller drum width for the same depth in a coal bunker, reducing the axial dimension. However, this significantly increases the drum's radial dimension. To ensure the winch mechanism's center of gravity lies entirely within the outer ring's contour, the outer ring's diameter must be increased, which is also detrimental to reducing the overall weight and size of the mechanism. To address the aforementioned issues, spiral grooves are machined along the width of the winch drum. The number of spiral grooves can be 1 / 2 to 1 / 4 of the total number of high-pressure hose windings. That is, when the jet nozzle reaches its two extreme positions, the hose has 2 to 4 winding layers. Simultaneously, the height of the drum side baffle is increased according to the number of hose winding layers. Thus, when the hose reaches the drum side baffle, it will first be stacked upwards under the baffle's obstruction. Then, it will continue to be stacked along the width of the winch drum along the naturally formed concave gaps between the first layer of hose, gradually forming the second and third layers, and so on, up to the fourth layer. With this structural design, under the same coal bunker depth, which corresponds to the set high-pressure hose length, the diameter and width of the winch drum can be appropriately reduced, thereby effectively reducing the size and weight of the winch mechanism, offering significant advantages.

[0022] The spiral grooves on the winch drum can be directly vulcanized with materials such as polyurethane or elastic rubber. This structure reduces the weight of the winch drum, reduces the amount of machining work, and can also alleviate the deformation of the high-pressure hose in the groove due to gravity and the pressure superimposed between hoses. It has very obvious advantages.

[0023] During the rotation of the winch drum, the high-pressure hoses that are unwound and rewound are arranged evenly and regularly on the winch drum by the hose arranger, which is very beneficial to the smooth progress of the entire cleaning operation.

[0024] The lifting hoisting mechanism is installed on the top outside the coal bunker. The jet nozzle is hoisted into the bunker through a high-pressure hose for cleaning. Apart from the jet nozzle and the high-pressure hose, there are no other parts inside the bunker, which effectively reduces the damage that the harsh environment inside the bunker may cause to the cleaning device. At the same time, the equipment is simple and convenient to install and maintain.

[0025] The outer rotating ring and the fixed inner ring are connected by spherical balls. At the same time, a worm gear tooth is set on the outer rotating ring, and the rotation is performed by a worm gear transmission mechanism. The outer ring rotates around the fixed inner ring through the spherical balls. During the rotation, the force is transmitted through the rolling elements of the spherical balls. The structure is integrated and has the advantages of simple structure, reliable performance and not easy to be damaged.

[0026] The rotary drive uses a gear transmission structure, which has similar advantages to the worm gear, but with higher transmission efficiency and easier manufacturing and processing of the transmission gears.

[0027] For coal bunkers with large diameters, even a small change in the rotation angle of the jet nozzle can lead to a significant change in circumferential dimensions. For example, in a 20-meter diameter coal bunker, a 1-degree change in angle will result in a 175-millimeter change in circumference at the outermost circumference. Conventional rotary drive power devices, such as ordinary motors or hydraulic motors, cannot achieve such a small angle change in a single operation. Therefore, a stepper motor + PLC rotary drive and control method is adopted. This method can achieve rotation angle changes of less than 1 degree each time, allowing for precise control of fixed-point and timed cleaning of each location within the coal bunker, thus effectively ensuring the cleaning effect. Because the rated torque of the stepper motor is relatively low, a planetary gear reducer is added between the stepper motor and the drive device to increase the working torque of the stepper motor by reducing its speed, in order to ensure the rotary drive effect.

[0028] The number of nozzles determines the jet velocity under the same jet flow rate, which in turn determines the jet cleaning effect. To ensure complete cleaning of the coal bunker, the jet must achieve 360 ​​degrees in the planar direction. For a reciprocating jet nozzle, the more nozzles there are, the smaller the rotation angle; conversely, fewer nozzles require a larger rotation angle. Using 2-4 nozzles achieves 360-degree cleaning of the coal bunker while balancing the rotation angle and jet flow rate. Furthermore, the jet nozzle's structural design is relatively simple and easy to manufacture.

[0029] The number of spray holes on the jet nozzle is set to two, and the spray holes are symmetrically offset from the axis of the jet nozzle by the same distance in the circumferential direction. In this way, when the spray holes spray water outward, the water flow generates a force on the jet nozzle in the opposite direction of the water flow, pushing the jet nozzle to rotate in the opposite direction of the water flow. This ensures that the nozzle can spray and clean all positions in the coal bunker in a 360-degree direction. Obviously, this rotating structure of the jet nozzle is simple and effective.

[0030] A torque spring is installed between the nozzle base and the rotary nozzle. The pull rope pulls the rotary nozzle to rotate. At the same time, a stepper motor is used to drive the pull rope to be wound up and down through a reducer, coupling and torque sensor. The rotation angle of the rotary nozzle can be accurately controlled outside the coal bunker by controlling the rotation angle of the stepper motor and the torque on the winding and unwinding drum detected when the stepper motor rotates, which is the tension of the pull rope. It is safe, reliable and accurate.

[0031] A rotary friction resistance adjustment device is provided on the jet nozzle, which can conveniently adjust the rotation speed of the jet nozzle, thereby adjusting the cleaning time of the coal adhering to the wall in the circumferential direction of the coal bunker and ensuring the cleaning effect.

[0032] Because the jet nozzles are suspended by high-pressure hoses, if the jet nozzles detach from the high-pressure hoses during the actual cleaning process, they will be lost along with the coal. To address this, a steel wire rope is connected to the jet nozzles, with the upper part of the steel wire rope connected to the base at the top of the coal bunker. This way, if the jet nozzles detach, the steel wire rope will continue to connect to the jet nozzles, allowing the jet nozzles to be pulled up and retrieved, further ensuring the reliability of the cleaning device. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 The diagram shown is a structural principle diagram of Embodiment 1 of this utility model, wherein... Figure 1 for Figure 2 Cross-sectional view of the DD position in the middle. Figure 2 for Figure 1 Cross-sectional view at position CC Figure 3 As shown Figure 1 A magnified view of the X-axis. Figure 4 As shown Figure 2 A magnified view of the Y-position in the middle. Figure 5 As shown Figure 1 A magnified view of the Z-position. Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 , Figure 11 , Figure 12 The diagram shown is a structural principle diagram of Embodiment 2 of this utility model, wherein, Figure 6 As shown Figure 7 A cross-sectional view at position FF. Figure 7 As shown Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of the EE location. Figure 8 As shown Figure 6 A magnified view of the area at position M. Figure 9 As shown Figure 7 A magnified view of a portion of position B in the middle. Figure 10 As shown Figure 7 A magnified view of the area at position N. Figure 11 As shown Figure 10 View from the K direction, Figure 12 As shown Figure 10 A cross-sectional view at position AA. Figure 13 , Figure 14 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of the jet nozzle according to Embodiment 3 of this utility model. Figure 13 The image shown is a frontal sectional view of the jet nozzle. Figure 14 As shown Figure 13 A cross-sectional view of the GG position. Detailed Implementation

[0034] In the accompanying drawings of this utility model embodiment, the names of the parts numbered are as follows: 1. Bracket; 2. Lifting drive device; 3. Coupling; 4. Support bearing; 5. Support frame; 6. Bearing seat; 7. Rotary support shaft; 8. Roller body; 9. Roller side baffle; 10. Water passage hole; 11. Fixed flange; 12. Right shaft head; 13. Transition pipe; 14. Flexible hose; 15. High-pressure water pump; 16. Sealing device; 17. Flexible hose connector; 18. Transition connection Plate; 19. Hexagonal bolt; 20. Ball bearing; 21. Fixed inner ring; 22. Turbine gear tooth; 23. Rotary outer ring; 24. Rotary seal frame; 25. Annular seal; 26. Connecting bolt; 27. Base; 28. Coal bunker; 29. ​​Coal inlet; 30. High-pressure hose; 31. Hose connector; 32. Jet nozzle; 33. Injection hole; 34. Jet column; 35. Wall-mounted coal; 36. Stepper motor; 37. Connecting piece; 38. Worm gear; 39. 40. Irregularly shaped sealing plate; 41. Sealing ring; 42. Water pipe; 43. Connector; 44. Planetary gear reducer; 45. Explosion-proof exhaust fan; 46. Explosion-proof lighting; 57. Explosion-proof camera; 58. Support; 59. Stepper motor; 50. Connector; 51. Reducer; 52. Torque sensor; 53. Stepper roller; 54. Pull rope shaft; 55. Pull rope; 56. Pull rope guide tube; 57. Buffer cone; 68. Foam adhesive; 69. Spiral joint; 60. 63. Connecting pipe; 64. Nozzle cap; 65. Nozzle seat; 66. Fixed bearing; 67. Pulley; 68. Pulley seat; 69. Sealing ring; 70. Sealing sleeve; 71. Torque spring; 72. Fixing component; 73. Rotary nozzle; 74. Bearing pressure plate; 75. Friction plate; 76. Friction column; 77. Pressure adjusting spring; 78. Pressure adjusting nut; 79. Pressure adjusting bolt; 80. Lubricating oil cup; 81. Spiral groove; 82. Steel cylinder; 83. Polyurethane; 84. PLC.

[0035] In Embodiment 1, the winch drum consists of a drum body 8, a drum side baffle 9, and a rotating support shaft 7, all welded together. A semi-circular spiral groove 80 is provided on the drum body, along which the high-pressure hoses 30 are arranged during winch operation, ensuring their orderly arrangement. When the high-pressure hoses reach the edge of the drum, they stack towards the second layer. At this time, the drum side baffle pushes the high-pressure hoses in the opposite direction, and the gap between the two high-pressure hoses stacked in the first layer also ensures the orderly arrangement of the second layer of high-pressure hoses. Both ends of the rotating support shaft of the winch drum are connected to the outer rotating ring 23 via support bearings 4, bearing seats 6, support frames 5, and transition connecting plates 18. The transition connecting plates are connected to the outer rotating ring by hex bolts 19. One end of the rotating support shaft is connected to the lifting drive device 2 via a coupling 3. The lifting drive device is mounted on a bracket 1, which is also connected to the transition connecting plate. Thus, the entire winch mechanism is mounted on the outer rotating ring and can be driven to rotate by the outer rotating ring. A water passage hole 10 is machined at the center of the other end of the rotating support shaft. The connector of the transition pipe 13 is fitted onto the right shaft end 12 of the rotating support shaft and fixed to the bearing seat by the fixing flange 11 on the transition pipe. The head of the transition pipe and the outer circle of the right shaft end of the rotating support shaft are in clearance fit. A sealing device 16 is used to seal the mating surface between the two. The fixing inner ring, the rotary seal and the base are fixed to the base by connecting bolts (26). The transition pipe is also fixed to the bearing seat by a flange to prevent the position of the transition pipe from changing during operation, which would cause the sealing of the mating surface to fail and the entire cleaning system to fail. The other end of the transition pipe is connected to the flexible hose 14 through the flexible hose connector 17. The other end of the flexible hose is connected to the high-pressure water pump 15. One end of the water inlet is connected to the high-pressure water pump via a transition pipe, a flexible hose connector, and a flexible hose. The other end is connected to the water pipe 41, which is connected to the high-pressure hose 30 via a connector 42. The high-pressure hose is wound around the winch drum and hangs down from the winch drum, passing through the fixed inner ring, the base 27, and the coal inlet 29 into the coal bunker 28. The end of the hose is connected to the jet nozzle 32 via the hose connector 31. The upper part of the jet nozzle is cylindrical, and the lower part is conical with a hollow interior. The hollow structure extends to the conical section. On the side of the conical section, there are four spray holes 33. The angle between the axis of the spray hole and the vertical plane is 60 degrees. The four spray holes are evenly arranged in the conical section of the jet nozzle, and the spray holes are completely symmetrical in space with identical structural dimensions. This design ensures that the jet nozzle does not twist or swing up and down or left and right during the spraying operation, and always maintains a near-vertical state. This ensures that the sprayed water flow is positioned and cleaned according to the set position and direction, guaranteeing the cleaning effect and efficiency. Meanwhile, because the four spray holes are arranged symmetrically in pairs, the jet can achieve a 360-degree cleaning range in the planar direction by rotating the jet nozzle 90 degrees.The winch mechanism is mounted on the outer rotating ring via a transition connecting plate. The outer rotating ring is connected to the fixed inner ring 21 via spherical balls 20. A turbine gear 22 is provided on the outer circumference of the outer rotating ring, and a rotating sealing frame 24 is provided on the fixed inner ring. The rotating sealing frame and the fixed inner ring are fixed to the base 27 by connecting bolts 26. The width of the winch drum is equal to 90% of the diameter of the fixed inner ring, ensuring that there is no contact or friction between the high-pressure hose and the inner rotating ring during the winch process. The rotary sealing frame completely encloses the turbine teeth and mounts a worm gear 38 on it. The worm gear is connected to a stepper motor 36 via a coupling 37 and a planetary gear reducer 43. Lubrication of the worm gear and spherical balls is ensured by periodically added lubricant. The seal between them is achieved using a combination of three sealing components: an annular seal 25, a shaped sealing plate 39, and a sealing ring 40. The sealing ring seals the space between the fixed inner ring and the rotary sealing frame; the annular seal seals the upper outer edge of the rotary sealing frame and the outer edge of the rotary outer ring; and the shaped sealing plate seals the upper part of the rotary outer ring and the upper part of the fixed inner ring. An explosion-proof exhaust fan 44 is installed at the coal bunker entrance to ventilate the coal bunker during cleaning, preventing the accumulation of methane and other contaminants that could pose a safety risk. An explosion-proof lighting lamp 45 and an explosion-proof camera 46 are installed at the coal inlet to monitor coal buildup and the cleaning process.

[0036] During the coal bunkering process, the rotary drive of the hoisting mechanism is first activated. This drive, via a reducer and coupling, rotates the hoisting drum. The high-pressure hose wound around the drum unwinds and, under the influence of the jet nozzle connected to its end and the hose's own weight, passes through the fixed inner ring, the base, and the coal inlet into the coal bunker. This process continues until the jet nozzle reaches the coal chute near the bottom of the bunker. At this point, the high-pressure water pump is activated, and the stepper motor is started simultaneously. The high-pressure water pump delivers a flow of water through a flexible hose... The flexible hose connector and transition pipe, water passage hole, water passage pipe and connector enter the high-pressure hose and enter the jet nozzle through the high-pressure hose. The water is ejected at high speed from the spray hole set on the jet nozzle to form a jet column (34). The high-speed jet water is very close to the coal adhering to the wall near the coal chute, i.e. the coal material adhering to the wall (35). The energy of the jet is very large, so the coal in this part can be quickly cleaned off. The cleaned coal flows down from the coal chute and is transferred to the set process position by the transfer equipment below.

[0037] During the jet cleaning process, the stepper motor drives the worm gear to rotate through the planetary gear reducer and connecting parts. The worm gear drives the turbine and the outer ring to rotate 90 degrees repeatedly. By observing and judging the coal hanging in the coal bunker and the cleaning effect through explosion-proof lighting and explosion-proof cameras installed at the coal inlet, the height position and rotation parameters of the jet nozzle are controlled. The rotation speed of the jet nozzle and the dwell time at a certain position during the rotation can be preset and controlled by the PLC of the electrical control system, thereby ensuring that all coal adhering to the wall at that height in 360 degrees is completely cleaned. After cleaning this area, the lifting drive device is rotated in the opposite direction, and the high-pressure hose is lifted a certain distance (this distance can be controlled by the operator or automatically controlled by the system's built-in PLC). Then the lifting stops. During the lifting process, the jet cleaning work continues and the aforementioned work is repeated at the new position. At this time, since the coal adhering to the wall in the cleaning area is suspended, the high-speed water flow ejected from the jet nozzle in the downward direction can easily remove this part of the coal, greatly accelerating the cleaning efficiency. The above process continues until the top of the coal bunker, thus completing the cleaning of the entire bunker. During this process, even if the coal hanging above the jet nozzles collapses and buries them, the high-pressure hoses have a certain degree of elasticity, and the jet nozzles themselves are very small. Therefore, the impacted and buried jet nozzles will not be damaged. After the collapsed coal has been transferred from the coal chute, the remaining cleaning work can continue. The collapse of the hanging coal will not have a significant impact on the overall cleaning process and equipment. Therefore, cleaning can start from the bottom coal chute. Even if the upper hanging coal collapses and impacts and buries the jet nozzles, it will not cause serious damage to the entire cleaning system, and the system can still operate normally. The advantages are very obvious. After cleaning is completed, the effective volume of the coal bunker is restored to its optimal state, which can fully exert the coal bunker's function of regulating smooth coal production. Meanwhile, after the coal bunker is cleaned, problems such as bulging, arching, and water-coal overflow are less likely to occur, which is of great significance for ensuring smooth production and eliminating safety hazards. Because the height of the jet nozzles is continuously raised and lowered by a winch-driven high-pressure hose without the need for pipe connections or disconnections, and the horizontal rotation is also fully automatic and continuous, coupled with the ability to start cleaning from the bottom of the coal bunker, the cleaning effect is excellent, the cleaning efficiency is high, no manual intervention is required, labor intensity is low, and it is easy to automate. Therefore, these advantages greatly promote the widespread application of this device in actual production.

[0038] During the cleanup process, explosion-proof exhaust fans are used to ventilate the coal bunker to prevent gas accumulation and potential safety hazards. At the same time, high-intensity lighting is used to supplement the lighting inside the bunker to facilitate observation of the situation. Explosion-proof cameras are connected to a remote computer to effectively monitor the cleanup process and ensure the cleanup effect.

[0039] In Embodiment 2, the structure and working principle of the external hoisting mechanism are similar to those in Embodiment 1, but the structure and rotation structure of the jet nozzle are completely different. The hoisting drum consists of a drum body, drum side baffles 9, and a rotating support shaft 7, all welded together. The drum body is composed of a steel cylinder 81 and a vulcanized polyurethane composite 82. The polyurethane has a semi-circular spiral groove 80, along which the high-pressure hoses 30 are arranged during hoisting, ensuring the orderly arrangement of the high-pressure hoses. When the high-pressure hoses reach the edge of the drum, they stack to the second layer. At this time, the drum side baffle pushes the high-pressure hoses in the opposite direction. The gap between the two high-pressure hoses stacked in the first layer also ensures the orderly arrangement of the high-pressure hoses in the second layer. The two ends of the rotating support shaft of the hoisting drum are connected to the base 27 through support bearings 4, bearing seats 6, and support frames 5. One end of the rotating support shaft is connected to the lifting drive device 2 through a coupling 3. The lifting drive device is mounted on a bracket 1, which is also connected to the base. Thus, the entire hoisting mechanism is mounted on the base and connected to the base at the coal inlet 29 on the upper part of the coal bunker 28. A water-passing circular hole 10 is machined at the center of the other end of the rotating support shaft. The connector of the transition pipe 13 is fitted onto the right shaft end 12 of the rotating support shaft and fixed to the bearing seat via a fixing flange 11 on the transition pipe. There is a clearance fit between the head of the transition pipe and the outer circle of the right shaft end of the rotating support shaft, and a sealing device 16 is used to seal the mating surface between them. The transition pipe is also fixed to the bearing seat with a flange to prevent changes in the position of the transition pipe during operation, which could lead to seal failure and malfunction of the entire cleaning system. The other end of the transition pipe is connected to a flexible hose 14 via a flexible hose connector 17, and the other end of the flexible hose is connected to a high-pressure water pump 15. One end of the water inlet is connected to the high-pressure water pump via a transition pipe, a flexible hose connector, and a flexible hose. The other end is connected to the water pipe 41, which is connected to the high-pressure hose 30 via a connector 42. The high-pressure hose is wound around the winch drum and extends from the winch drum through the base 27 and the coal inlet 29 into the coal bunker 28. The end of the high-pressure hose is connected to the jet nozzle 32 via a hose connector 31. The upper part of the jet nozzle is cylindrical, and the lower part is conical with a hollow interior. The hollow structure extends to the conical section. On the side of the conical section, there are two spray holes 33. The angle between the axis of the spray hole and the vertical plane is 60 degrees. The two spray holes are evenly arranged in the conical section of the jet nozzle, and the spray holes are completely symmetrical in space with identical structural dimensions. This design ensures that the jet nozzle does not twist or swing up and down or left and right during the spraying operation, and always maintains a near-vertical state. This ensures that the sprayed water flow is positioned and cleaned according to the set position and direction, guaranteeing the cleaning effect and efficiency. Since there are only two spray holes, the cleaning range of the jet can only be guaranteed to reach 360 degrees in the planar direction if the jet nozzle is rotated more than 180 degrees.The hoisting mechanism is equipped with an explosion-proof exhaust fan 44 at the coal bunker opening to ventilate the coal bunker during the cleaning process, preventing the accumulation of gas and other contaminants that could pose a safety risk. Explosion-proof lighting 45 and an explosion-proof camera 46 installed at the coal inlet are used to monitor coal buildup and the cleaning process.

[0040] The jet nozzle consists of a nozzle cap 63, a nozzle seat 64, a fixed bearing 65, a rotary nozzle 72, a pulley 66, and a torque spring 70. The lower part of the rotary nozzle has a conical structure, which is beneficial to the stability of the jet nozzle during the cleaning and rotary spraying process. The rotary nozzle is connected to the lower part of the connecting pipe 62 and is installed in the nozzle seat through the fixed bearing 65. The bearing pressure plate 73 ensures the positioning of the fixed bearing in the height direction. The rotary nozzle and the connecting pipe are clearance-fitted and sealed with a sealing ring 68. The upper part of the connecting pipe is connected to the high-pressure hose 30 through a spiral joint 61. The high-pressure hose is coiled on the rotating drum. The upper part of the rotary nozzle is cylindrical, and the uppermost part has a pull rope groove along the circumference. One end of the pull rope (57) is fixed in the groove, and the other end is wound around the groove and passed through the pulley. After changing direction through the pulley, it is led upward through the pull rope guide 58 to the stepping roller 55. The top of the jet nozzle is provided with a buffer cone 59, which is filled with foam glue 60. The stepping roller is connected to the stepper motor (51) through the torque sensor 54, the reducer 53 and the connector 52. The stepper motor drives the roller to rotate, so that the pull rope can be retracted and extended. The stepper motor is mounted on the support 50, and the support is mounted on the base. The stepper motor, torque sensor and lifting drive device are all controlled and monitored by PLC 83. The rotary nozzle is provided with two spray holes 33, which are arranged in the conical section of the rotary nozzle. The spray holes are symmetrical in the axial direction of the jet nozzle, have the same structural dimensions, and have an angle of 30 degrees with the horizontal plane. This design ensures that the jet nozzle does not twist or sway up and down or left and right during spraying operations, maintaining a near-vertical state at all times, thus guaranteeing the effective positioning and cleaning function of the sprayed water flow. A sealing sleeve 69 is provided between the rotary nozzle and the nozzle seat, and a torque spring 70 is installed between the rotary nozzle and the nozzle seat. The two ends of the torque spring are fixed to the inner surface of the nozzle seat and the outer surface of the rotary nozzle, respectively, by fixing members 71.

[0041] During the cleanup operation, the hoisting mechanism's lifting drive is first activated. This drive rotates the hoisting drum, causing the high-pressure resistant hose wound on the drum to be wound up or unwound under the weight of the jet nozzle connected to its end, allowing the jet nozzle to move up and down within the coal bunker. When the jet nozzle moves downwards, the stepper motor does not operate. If the torque sensor detects torque on the pull rope, it indicates that the pull rope is under the weight of the jet nozzle, and the stepper motor activates until the torque sensor reading is zero, at which point it stops. When the hoisting mechanism hoists upwards, the stepper motor operates synchronously. When the torque on the torque sensor is slightly greater than the torque generated by the weight of the pull rope (e.g., greater than 1 Nm), it indicates that the stepper motor exerts tension on the pull rope. The torque spring connecting the rotary nozzle and the nozzle seat begins to operate. To maintain the nozzle's rotation angle, the PLC control system stops the stepper motor, keeping the nozzle's rotation angle approximately 0 degrees.

[0042] When cleaning is required, the lifting drive device activates, causing the jet nozzle to enter the coal bunker through the coal inlet. Generally, this process continues until the jet nozzle approaches the coal chute at the bottom of the coal bunker. At this point, the high-pressure water pump is activated, and the high-pressure water flow from the pump passes through a flexible hose, flexible hose connector and transition pipe, water passage hole, water pipe and connector into the high-pressure resistant hose. The water then enters the jet nozzle through the high-pressure resistant hose and is ejected at high speed from the spray holes on the jet nozzle. The high-speed jet water is very close to the coal adhering to the wall near the coal chute, and the jet energy is very large, thus quickly cleaning the coal in that area. The cleaned coal flows downward through the coal chute and is then transferred by the transfer equipment below to the designated process position. After the coal clinging to the wall at that location is cleared, a stepper motor drives a stepping drum to rotate at a certain angle via a reducer and connector. The size of this angle is controlled by the system's PLC or can be manually determined by the on-site operator. The stepper motor is started, and through the connector, reducer, and torque sensor, it drives the stepping drum to rotate, causing the pull rope to rise. The pull rope, via a pulley, drives the rotary nozzle to rotate at a certain angle. Because a stepper motor drives the pull rope to rise, the angle of each motor rotation can be very small, and the numerical control is very accurate. This allows for precise control of the pull rope's rising length, and consequently, precise control of the rotary nozzle's rotation angle within a very small range of variation, such as 1 degree per rotation. Even for a large coal bunker with a diameter of 30 meters, the circumference of each rotation at the inner wall of the bunker is less than 300 millimeters. Therefore, the coal clinging near the bunker wall can be thoroughly cleaned.

[0043] By installing a torque spring between the rotary nozzle and the nozzle holder, when the stepper motor drives the pull rope to rise, the relationship between the torque sensor and the number of rotation steps of the stepper motor can determine whether the pull rope is jammed. This prevents damage to system components such as stepper motor burnout or pull rope breakage. If the torque sensor reading exceeds the maximum torque of the torque spring, the stepper motor must be stopped to protect the system from damage. If the stepper motor rotates continuously but the torque sensor does not display a torque change, it indicates a problem such as pull rope breakage, and an alarm can be issued in the PLC of the electrical control system. Furthermore, the tension of the torque spring ensures that the rotary nozzle remains stable in a given position during the cleaning process.

[0044] At a certain height, the rotary nozzles continuously rotate 180 degrees back and forth (two symmetrical nozzles, rotating 180 degrees ensures that all coal within a 360-degree range is cleaned) until the coal adhering to the walls at that height is cleared to the required level. At this point, the lifting drive is activated, causing the winch drum to move for a certain period, lifting the high-pressure hose a certain distance (this distance can be controlled by the operator or automatically by the system's built-in PLC), raising the jet nozzles to the set height. The stepper motor then operates based on the torque sensor's information until the tension on the rope is minimal, at which point it stops. At this height, the jet nozzles again clean the adhering coal, and the above process is repeated. During the nozzle lifting process, the jet cleaning work can continue or be temporarily stopped. The process continues until all the coal adhering to the walls in the bunker is cleaned, or to the level approved by the bunker's operators. Since the rotation of the jet nozzles during the cleaning process is entirely driven by a stepper motor outside the chamber, and the rotation angle and speed can be precisely controlled, and safety and damage prevention measures are set up for the device, it can ensure both the automatic and continuous cleaning process and the safe operation of the equipment.

[0045] During the cleaning process, the cleaning begins at the lower coal chute of the coal bunker. After initial cleaning and reaching a certain extent, this area is hollowed out. The jet nozzle moves upward a certain distance and stops. At this new height, the coal adhering to the wall is suspended in mid-air. Therefore, the high-speed water jet from the nozzle, directed downwards, easily removes this portion of coal, greatly accelerating the cleaning efficiency. This process continues until the top of the coal bunker, thus completing the cleaning of the entire bunker.

[0046] During the cleanup process, the high-pressure resistant hoses possess a certain degree of elasticity, and a buffer cone filled with foam rubber is installed above the jet nozzles, providing a significant buffer against impact. The jet nozzles themselves are also very small in size, and their enclosed structure ensures that they are not easily damaged by impacts or burial, thus not affecting their normal operation. Once the collapsed coal has been transferred from the coal chute, the jet nozzles emerge from the buried coal pile, allowing the remaining cleanup work to continue. The collapse of the coal hanging on the wall does not significantly impact the overall cleanup process or equipment. After cleanup, the effective volume of the coal bunker returns to its optimal state, ensuring the effective regulation of coal production. Furthermore, the cleaned coal bunker is less prone to problems such as arching and water-coal collapse, which is of great significance for ensuring smooth production and eliminating safety hazards.

[0047] During the cleanup process, explosion-proof exhaust fans are used to ventilate the coal bunker to prevent gas accumulation and potential safety hazards. At the same time, high-intensity lighting is used to supplement the lighting inside the bunker to facilitate observation of the situation. Explosion-proof cameras are connected to a remote computer to effectively monitor the cleanup process and ensure the cleanup effect.

[0048] In embodiment three, the connecting pipe 62 is connected to the nozzle cover 63, and the lower part of the connecting pipe is inserted into the rotary nozzle 72. The two are clearance-fitted and sealed with a sealing ring 68. The rotary nozzle is fixed in the nozzle seat 64 by a fixed bearing 65. The lower conical section of the rotary nozzle is provided with two spray holes 33, which are offset from the center line of the rotary nozzle in opposite directions by a certain distance. A friction plate 74 connected to the rotary nozzle is provided on the upper part of the rotary nozzle. A pressure adjusting nut 77 is provided on the nozzle cover. The pressure adjusting bolt 78 is pressed on the pressure adjusting spring 76 through the pressure adjusting nut and on the friction column 75 through the pressure adjusting spring. A lubricating oil cup 79 is also designed on the nozzle cover. Lubricating oil can be added to the nozzle seat through the lubricating oil cup to ensure the rotation flexibility of the rotary nozzle.

[0049] When high-pressure water is introduced into the connecting pipe, water flows out from the spray hole along... Figure 14 The nozzles are ejected at high speed in the direction indicated by arrow P. Because the two injection holes are offset from the axis of the rotating nozzle in opposite directions, a certain reverse torque is generated in the rotating nozzle (e.g., Figure 14 (As indicated by the arrow in the middle T), push the rotary nozzle to rotate in that direction. In this way, the spray hole sprays water while pushing the rotary nozzle to rotate, achieving complete cleaning of the entire coal bunker plane in 360 degrees. The entire rotary structure is simple and easy to implement.

[0050] During the rotation of the rotary nozzle under the action of high-pressure water flow, the rotational speed of the rotary nozzle may also reach a very high speed due to the very high flow velocity of the jet water. In order to adjust the rotational speed of the rotary nozzle, with the jet velocity and jet orifice diameter fixed (to ensure the cleaning effect), the rotational speed can be adjusted by adjusting the distance of the spray orifice off the axis. However, in actual production, it is obviously inconvenient to adjust the position of the spray orifice on the rotary nozzle. Therefore, a pressure adjusting bolt is set in the jet nozzle. The magnitude of the friction force between the friction column and the friction plate is adjusted by the pressure adjusting bolt and the pressure adjusting spring, thereby achieving the adjustment of the rotational speed under the same rotational torque.

Claims

1. A device for cleaning the interior of a coal bunker, comprising a winch drum, a winch drive unit, a high-pressure hose, a flexible hose, and a jet nozzle, characterized in that: The winch drum is mounted on a base at both ends via a rotating support shaft, support bearings and bearing seats, and a support frame. The base is mounted on the top of the coal bunker. The rotating support shaft at one end of the winch drum is connected to a rotating drive device. A water-passing hole is provided at the center of the rotating support shaft at the other end, with the center of the rotating support shaft as the axis. One end of a high-pressure hose is connected to the water-passing hole and then wound around the winch drum. The other end of the high-pressure hose wound around the winch drum hangs down into the coal bunker and is connected to a jet nozzle at the end. The jet nozzle has a columnar structure in the height direction. The structure is hollow in the middle, and the columnar structure has spray holes on the side. There are 2 to 4 spray holes. All spray holes have the same shape and size and are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction. The jet nozzle has a rotary drive mechanism. One end of the flexible hose is connected to a transition tube. The transition tube is inserted into the water passage hole or fitted on the outer circle of the water passage hole. The contact section between the two is a clearance fit. At the same time, a sealing device is provided at the mating surface of the two. The transition tube is also fixed on the support frame or bearing seat. The other end of the flexible hose is connected to a high-pressure water pump.

2. The device for cleaning the inside of a coal bunker according to claim 1, characterized in that: A spiral arc-shaped groove is provided on the outer circle of the winch drum. The pitch of the groove is less than or equal to 1.2 times the diameter of the high-pressure hose. The spiral arc-shaped groove is formed by polyurethane or elastic rubber vulcanized on the winch drum.

3. The device for cleaning the inside of a coal bunker according to claim 1, characterized in that: A hose manifold connected to the winch drum is provided at the position of the winch drum. The hose manifold includes a guide rod, a positioning rod, a rotating device, and a guide frame. The high-pressure hose is inserted into the limiting hole of the guide frame. The guide frame is provided with a guide block, and the guide block has guide teeth. The guide teeth are inserted into the guide groove of the guide rod. The guide frame is installed on the guide rod and the positioning rod. The guide rod is driven to rotate synchronously by the winch mechanism through the rotating device, and the guide groove provided on it pushes the guide block and the guide frame of the guide frame to move along the width direction of the winch drum.

4. The device for cleaning the inside of a coal bunker according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotary drive mechanism includes a rotary ring, a fixed ring, and a rotary drive device. The winch drum and support frame are fixed to the base by the rotary ring, ball bearings, and fixed ring. The rotary ring and fixed ring are connected together by a ball bearing assembly. A rotary drive device is installed between the rotary ring and the fixed ring. Under the action of the rotary drive device, the rotary ring reciprocates relative to the fixed ring. The jet nozzle passes through the rotary ring and the fixed ring and is suspended in the coal bunker by a high-pressure hose.

5. The apparatus for cleaning the interior of a coal bunker according to claim 4, characterized in that: The outer ring is a rotating ring, and the winch drum is mounted on the outer ring. The inner ring is a fixed ring. Arc-shaped grooves are provided on the inner surface of the outer ring and the outer surface of the inner ring. The inner and outer rings are connected by spherical balls filled in the grooves. A sealing device and a lubrication mechanism are provided in the gap between the outer and inner rings where the spherical balls are installed. At the same time, a rotary drive mechanism is provided between the outer and inner rings. The rotary drive mechanism is a worm gear transmission mechanism or a gear transmission mechanism. The worm gear or gear transmission mechanism is driven by a stepper motor through a reducer and a coupling. The rotation angle and rotation direction of the stepper motor are controlled by a PLC of the electrical control system.

6. The apparatus for cleaning the interior of a coal bunker according to claim 5, characterized in that: The width of the winch drum is smaller than the diameter of the inner ring, and the distance between the axis of the winch drum and the center line of the inner ring is equal to 0.8 to 1.2 times the radius of the winch drum.

7. The apparatus for cleaning the interior of a coal bunker according to claim 3, characterized in that: The jet nozzle includes a connecting pipe, a nozzle seat, a rotary nozzle, and a nozzle rotation drive mechanism. The top of the connecting pipe is connected to a high-pressure resistant rubber hose, and the lower part is inserted into the rotary nozzle. The insertion part of the two is clearance-fitted, and a sealing ring is provided at the fitting part. The rotary nozzle is fixed in the nozzle seat by a fixed bearing. The spray hole is located on the side of the rotary nozzle. A torque spring is provided between the nozzle seat and the rotary nozzle. The outer ring of the torque spring is fixed on the nozzle seat, and the inner ring is fixed on the rotary nozzle. The nozzle rotation drive mechanism includes a pull rope, a pull rope winding and unwinding device, a winding and unwinding drive mechanism, and a pulley. One end of the pull rope is wound around the upper part of the rotary nozzle, and the other end is first wound around the pulley, then passes upward through the pulley through the nozzle seat, and is connected to the stepping roller of the winding and unwinding drive mechanism. The stepping roller is mounted on the base frame and is driven by a stepper motor through a reducer and a coupling to rotate and wind up and unwind the pull rope.

8. The apparatus for cleaning the interior of a coal bunker according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of injection holes is two, and the injection holes are symmetrically offset from the axis by the same distance in the circumferential direction of the jet nozzle.

9. The apparatus for cleaning the interior of a coal bunker according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, characterized in that: The spray holes are located on the side of the conical section of the rotary nozzle, and the angle between the spray direction of the spray holes and the plane is between 0 and 75 degrees.

10. The apparatus for cleaning the interior of a coal bunker according to claim 1, characterized in that: A steel wire rope is connected to the jet nozzle, and the upper part of the steel wire rope is connected to the base on the top of the coal bunker.

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