A new type of coal-fired incinerator system with reinforced air intake distribution

Abstract

The utility model discloses a novel reinforced air intake distribution's coal burning furnace system belongs to energy -conserving and environment -protecting technical field, and this system includes the furnace body, and the furnace body top is equipped with the coal bunker, and the middle part and lower part are equipped with big coal material screening plate and small coal material screening plate in proper order, and the outer circumferential side of furnace body lower part is equipped with spiral air distribution pipeline, and the bottom of furnace body is equipped with the inclined arrangement of the grille and the horizontal arrangement of the grille, and the inclined arrangement of the grille is linked with the air pipe, and the horizontal arrangement of the grid is linked with the ash bin, and is equipped with the baffle between air pipe and ash bin, and the upper portion of furnace body is equipped with the flue, and the flue is linked with the cyclone separator, and the bottom of cyclone separator is linked with the lower part of furnace body. This coal burning boiler not only solves the problem of unstable combustion and the difficulty of quick response of boiler load caused by coal burning boiler under the depth peak regulation mode, but also can improve the thermal efficiency of coal burning furnace.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of coal-fired boiler technology, specifically to a novel coal-fired incinerator system with enhanced air intake distribution. Background Technology

[0002] With increasing global attention to carbon emissions and climate change, countries are ramping up investment and development in renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power. These renewable energy sources are characterized by volatility and intermittency, thus requiring supplementation from traditional energy sources like thermal power. Governments have also introduced a series of policies to encourage deep peak shaving in thermal power units to improve grid regulation capabilities. Simultaneously, the development of new technologies, such as energy storage and smart grid technologies, has provided more possibilities for deep peak shaving in thermal power units. Meanwhile, with industrialization and urbanization, the demand for stable and secure electricity supply is increasing, leading to greater load volatility in the power system. The deep peak shaving capacity of the thermal power industry can help the power system cope with peak demand and provide backup power in emergencies. In the context of energy transition, the peak shaving capacity of the thermal power industry has become even more crucial.

[0003] Deep peak shaving in the thermal power industry refers to the process by which thermal power units adjust their power generation output to meet grid load demand during periods of low power system load. The main purpose of deep peak shaving is to improve the flexibility and reliability of the power grid while reducing the operating costs of thermal power units. This flexibility allows thermal power plants to adjust their operations according to real-time demand, ensuring the stable operation of the power system during peak periods and emergencies, while reducing costs and resource waste caused by unnecessary power generation. Through deep peak shaving, the thermal power industry can better adapt to changes in power system demand, while promoting the efficient use and conservation of energy.

[0004] However, deep peak shaving requires coal-fired power plant boilers to have greater operational flexibility, enabling them to adjust capacity in a short period. This can be a challenge for traditional coal-fired boilers, which typically operate at stable rates for extended periods. Therefore, modifications or upgrades to improve their operational flexibility may be necessary. Furthermore, during deep peak shaving, coal-fired boilers may require frequent start-ups and shutdowns, leading to decreased thermal efficiency. This is because boilers consume additional energy during start-ups and shutdowns, and combustion efficiency is typically lower at low loads. Frequent start-ups and shutdowns can exacerbate wear and tear on coal-fired boilers and related equipment, shortening their lifespan and increasing maintenance costs and risks. Especially under high temperature and pressure conditions, the thermal stress on the boiler can accelerate equipment aging and damage. Frequent start-ups and shutdowns can also cause emission fluctuations, potentially increasing atmospheric pollutant emissions and negatively impacting the environment. Additionally, lower combustion efficiency at low loads can also increase greenhouse gas and other pollutant emissions. Therefore, to address the challenges of deep peak shaving, technological improvements and optimizations to coal-fired boilers are needed to enhance their operational flexibility, thermal efficiency, and environmental friendliness. Application number CN202011490049.1 discloses a coal-fired boiler that facilitates improved coal combustion efficiency. The utility model involves adding a coal crushing device at the coal inlet of the boiler. This coal crushing device has a simple structure; after activation, it can crush the coal, which then passes through a crushing mesh into the coal bunker for combustion. This method crushes the coal, keeping the coal pieces below the mesh aperture, thus exposing a larger specific surface area and increasing the contact area with air, which can improve combustion efficiency to some extent. However, the crushing process generates a large amount of dust and noise. Furthermore, the lack of improvement in the gas supply system after crushing limits the combustion efficiency and makes it difficult to meet the needs of deep peak shaving.

[0005] Application number CN202210513028.X discloses a method for flexible stable combustion and combustion optimization of coal-fired boilers. This method collects characteristic parameter data of the boiler system under flexible operation and analyzes this data using the DCS control system of the coal-fired boiler to determine the combustion state, and then controls the combustion. While this method can determine and analyze the flexible operation state of a coal-fired boiler, it does not modify the boiler itself; it only adjusts and controls the system. The resulting control effect is limited, lacks responsive hardware support, and the adjustment process is relatively slow, failing to meet the sensitivity required for deep peak shaving. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to improve the response speed of incinerator parameter control in coal-fired boilers under the technical background of deep peak shaving, while strengthening the intake air ratio for coal combustion, enhancing the air supply accuracy of coal under various combustion states during combustion, and ultimately improving the coal combustion efficiency of coal-fired boilers.

[0007] The objective of this utility model can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] A novel coal-fired incinerator system with enhanced air intake distribution includes a furnace body. The furnace body has a coal silo at the top, a large coal screening plate and a small coal screening plate in the middle and lower sections respectively, a spiral gas distribution pipe on the outer periphery of the lower part of the furnace body, and inclined and horizontally arranged grids at the bottom. The inclined grids are connected to the air intake pipe, and the horizontally arranged grids are connected to the ash silo. A partition is provided between the air intake pipe and the ash silo. An exhaust duct is located at the top of the furnace body and is connected to a cyclone separator. The bottom of the cyclone separator is connected to the lower part of the furnace body.

[0009] In the above system, the angle between the inclined grid and the horizontal grid is 90° to 180°.

[0010] In the above system, the air intake pipe is connected to the fan.

[0011] In the above system, the cyclone separator is equipped with a dustproof plate.

[0012] In the above system, a feed plate is provided on the upper part of the furnace body, and a heating surface is provided on the feed plate, which is connected to the steam drum.

[0013] In the above system, a feed switch is installed on the pipe connecting the bottom of the cyclone separator to the lower part of the furnace body.

[0014] In the above system, a motor is installed on the feed plate.

[0015] In the above system, valves are installed on the spiral gas distribution pipeline.

[0016] In the above system, the ash silo opening is equipped with a slag discharge port.

[0017] In some more specific technical solutions, the content of this utility model is as follows:

[0018] A novel coal-fired incinerator system with enhanced air intake distribution is disclosed. The incinerator body mainly includes a flue at the top, a coal silo, a grid at the bottom, and a coal screening plate inside the furnace. Two air intake methods are arranged around the furnace body to meet the gas supply requirements under different operating conditions. The flue also connects to a cyclone separator for secondary combustion of coal in the flue gas. After entering the furnace, the coal is divided into three combustion zones by the large coal screening plate, the small coal screening plate, and the grid at the bottom. Auxiliary air intakes are located at specific heights of the furnace body for corresponding zones, working in conjunction with the main air intake at the bottom to achieve efficient combustion of the coal within the furnace.

[0019] The present invention relates to the application of the novel enhanced air intake distribution coal-fired incinerator system in coal-fired boilers.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0021] 1. This utility model can achieve three coal combustion zones in the furnace body after the coal bunker is fed through a large coal screening plate, a small coal screening plate, and a grid. This avoids the large accumulation of large and small coal lumps at the bottom of the furnace body, which would prevent them from being fully burned. Furthermore, the three combustion zones will form an outer flame superposition zone after ignition, resulting in a higher internal temperature of the furnace body and improving the heating power of the coal-fired boiler.

[0022] 2. This utility model features two gas supply systems with six auxiliary air inlets, enabling precise gas supply to the three combustion zones. Simultaneously, it works in conjunction with the main air inlet at the bottom to ensure efficient and stable operation of the gas supply system, enhancing the control response sensitivity of the incinerator during peak shaving and improving the coal combustion efficiency of the coal-fired boiler. The spiral pipe responsible for supplying gas to the auxiliary air inlets is installed on the outer wall of the furnace body. It absorbs heat from the furnace body to heat the gas, thus achieving a hot air supply method. This allows the coal-fired boiler to rapidly heat up even under low load conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This utility model relates to a novel coal-fired incinerator system with enhanced air intake distribution.

[0024] Meaning of the symbols in the attached diagram: 1 is the blower, 2 is the air inlet pipe, 3 is the steam drum, 4 is the auxiliary air inlet, 5 is the furnace body, 6 is the large coal screening plate, 7 is the small coal screening plate, 8 is the grid, 9 is the ash bin, 10 is the ash discharge port, 11 is the feed switch, 12 is the dustproof plate, 13 is the cyclone separator, 14 is the flue gas outlet, 15 is the coal bin, 16 is the motor, 17 is the heating surface, 18 is the flue gas duct, 19 is the main air inlet, 20 is the feed plate, 21 is the return pipe, 22 is the spiral gas distribution pipe, and 23 is the valve. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto:

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, a novel coal-fired incinerator system with enhanced air intake distribution is disclosed. The system includes a furnace body 5, with a coal silo 15 at the top, a large coal screening plate 6 and a small coal screening plate 7 sequentially arranged in the middle and lower parts. A spiral gas distribution pipe 22 is located on the outer periphery of the lower part of the furnace body 5. The bottom of the furnace body 5 has inclined and horizontally arranged grids. The inclined grids are connected to an air intake pipe 19, and the horizontally arranged grids are connected to an ash silo 9. A partition is provided between the air intake pipe 19 and the ash silo 9. An exhaust duct 18 is located at the upper part of the furnace body 5, connected to a cyclone separator 18. The bottom of the cyclone separator 18 is connected to the lower part of the furnace body 5. The angle formed by the inclined and horizontally arranged grids is 90° to 180°. The air intake pipe 19 is connected to a fan 1. A dustproof plate 12 is provided in the cyclone separator 13. A feed plate 20 is provided on the upper part of the furnace body 5, and a heating surface 17 is provided on the feed plate, which is connected to the steam drum 3. A feed switch 11 is provided on the pipe connecting the bottom of the cyclone separator 18 to the lower part of the furnace body 5. A motor 16 is provided on the feed plate 20. A valve 23 is provided on the spiral gas distribution pipe 22. A slag discharge port 10 is provided at the opening of the ash bin 9.

[0027] The specific working process and principle of this utility model:

[0028] Coal is transported to the coal silo to await feeding. When feeding is required, the motor controls the feed plate to open, allowing the coal to fall into the furnace. The motor then controls the feed plate to close. After entering the furnace, the coal first passes through a large coal screening plate, where large pieces are retained. The remaining coal pieces continue to fall, passing through a small coal screening plate before landing on the grid, completing the feeding process. Meanwhile, a blower blows air into the air inlet pipe, which then delivers it into the furnace through the main air inlet. Simultaneously, valves on the spiral gas distribution pipe open, allowing the air to pass through and be heated before being transported into the furnace through the auxiliary air inlet, thus completing the air intake process. In the coal-fired boiler, the combustion of coal produces flue gas that enters the exhaust duct. This flue gas enters the cyclone separator, forming a downward rotating vortex. Ash, slag, and some unburned small particles are thrown against the separator wall by centrifugal force and then fall into the return pipe, forming return material. When there is a large amount of return material, the feed switch is opened to transport the return material to the grid for secondary combustion, improving the efficiency of coal utilization. The ash and slag from the combustion of coal will fall into the ash and slag bin through the grid, and then be discharged through the ash and slag discharge port of the ash and slag bin.

[0029] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model in any way. Although the present utility model has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present utility model's technical solution. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present utility model without departing from the content of the present utility model's technical solution shall still fall within the scope of the present utility model's technical solution.

[0030] It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc., shown in the accompanying drawings of this specification are only used to complement the content disclosed in the specification for those skilled in the art to understand and read, and are not intended to limit the conditions under which this utility model can be implemented. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in the proportional relationships, or adjustments to the size, without affecting the effects and purposes that this utility model can produce, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in this utility model.

Claims

1. A novel coal-fired incinerator system with enhanced intake air distribution, characterized in that, The system includes a furnace body (5), a coal silo (15) at the top of the furnace body (5), a large coal screening plate (6) and a small coal screening plate (7) in the middle and lower parts respectively, a spiral gas distribution pipe (22) on the outer periphery of the lower part of the furnace body (5), an inclined grid and a horizontal grid at the bottom of the furnace body (5), the inclined grid is connected to the air inlet pipe (19), the horizontal grid is connected to the ash bin (9), and a partition is provided between the air inlet pipe (19) and the ash bin (9). A flue (18) is provided at the upper part of the furnace body (5), the flue (18) is connected to the cyclone separator (13), and the bottom of the cyclone separator (13) is connected to the lower part of the furnace body (5).

2. The novel enhanced air intake distribution coal-fired incinerator system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle between the inclined grid and the horizontal grid is 90° to 180°.

3. The novel enhanced air intake distribution coal-fired incinerator system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air intake pipe (19) is connected to the fan (1).

4. The novel enhanced air intake distribution coal-fired incinerator system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cyclone separator (13) is equipped with a dustproof plate (12).

5. The novel enhanced air intake distribution coal-fired incinerator system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper part of the furnace body (5) is provided with a feed plate (20), and the feed plate is provided with a heating surface (17), which is connected to the steam drum (3).

6. The novel enhanced air intake distribution coal-fired incinerator system according to claim 1, characterized in that, A feed switch (11) is provided on the pipe connecting the bottom of the cyclone separator (13) to the lower part of the furnace body (5).

7. The novel enhanced air intake distribution coal-fired incinerator system according to claim 5, characterized in that, A motor (16) is installed on the feed plate (20).

8. The novel enhanced air intake distribution coal-fired incinerator system according to claim 1, characterized in that, A valve (23) is installed on the spiral gas distribution pipe (22).

9. The novel coal-fired incinerator system with enhanced intake air distribution according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ash bin (9) is provided with a slag discharge port (10).

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