A user carbon reduction detection device
By using position and angle adjustment components inside the cylinder, the position and angle of the sampling body can be flexibly adjusted, solving the detection deviation problem caused by uneven flue gas concentration and achieving more accurate carbon emission monitoring.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NORTHEAST DIANLI UNIVERSITY
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-18
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-24
AI Technical Summary
Existing carbon emission reduction detection devices have biased results due to uneven distribution of flue gas concentration.
By employing a cylinder, position adjustment components, and angle adjustment components, and through the cooperation of longitudinal and lateral adjustment bodies, the circumferential, axial, and radial positions and angles of the collection body can be flexibly adjusted to achieve multi-point and multi-angle flue gas collection.
It improves detection accuracy, can dynamically adapt to complex working conditions, avoids high temperature or acid gas concentration locations, extends service life, and achieves more accurate and reliable carbon emission monitoring.
Smart Images

Figure CN224552841U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of carbon emission reduction detection technology, specifically a user carbon emission reduction detection device. Background Technology
[0002] During carbon emission reduction detection, the concentration distribution of pollutants such as carbon dioxide in flue gas is uneven due to factors such as flue gas flow, diffusion, and heat exchange with the surrounding environment. However, existing carbon emission reduction detection devices are usually performed at fixed locations, which can easily lead to deviations in detection accuracy due to the uneven distribution of pollutant concentrations such as carbon dioxide.
[0003] Therefore, this utility model provides a user carbon emission reduction detection device to solve the above problems. Utility Model Content
[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is that existing carbon emission reduction detection devices are prone to deviations in detection results due to uneven concentrations at different locations.
[0005] This utility model provides the following technical solution: a user carbon emission reduction detection device, including a cylinder, a position adjustment component, and an angle adjustment component. The position adjustment component is slidably installed on the cylinder in the circumferential direction. The angle adjustment component is rotatably installed on the surface of the position adjustment component. A collection body is rotatably installed inside the angle adjustment component. The position adjustment component can adjust the horizontal circumferential, axial, and / or radial positions of the angle adjustment component and the collection body. The angle adjustment component can change the radial orientation of the collection body, thereby flexibly changing the collection point position with the cooperation of the position adjustment component and the angle adjustment component.
[0006] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the position adjustment assembly includes a longitudinal adjustment body, a first driving member, and a transverse adjustment body. The longitudinal adjustment body is slidably installed on the cylindrical body along its circumferential surface. The first driving member is fixedly installed at the sliding installation position of the longitudinal adjustment body. A transverse adjustment body is fixedly installed at any end of the longitudinal adjustment body. An angle adjustment assembly is rotatably installed at any end of the transverse adjustment body. A detection body is fixedly installed on the surface of the transverse adjustment body.
[0007] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the angle adjustment assembly includes a first base, a connecting arm, and a second driving body. The first base is fixedly mounted on the surface of the horizontal adjustment body, and a connecting arm is fixedly mounted on any opposite side of the first base. A collecting body is rotatably mounted between the connecting arms, and a second driving body fixedly connected to the collecting body is fixedly mounted on the surface of the connecting body.
[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the connecting arm includes a vertical arm and a rotating shaft. The vertical arm is fixedly installed on any opposite surface of the first base, and the rotating shaft is rotatably installed on the opposite surface of the vertical arm. A collection body is fixedly installed at the end of the rotating shaft, and at least one rotating shaft passes through the vertical arm and is fixedly connected to the second driving body.
[0009] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the collecting body includes a second base, a fan, and a telescopic tube. The second base is fixedly installed on the opposite side of the rotating shaft, and the fan is fixedly installed inside the second base. A connecting port is opened on the surface of the second base, and one end of the telescopic tube is fixedly connected to the connecting port. A detection body is fixedly installed at the other end of the telescopic tube.
[0010] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, a filter screen is fixedly installed at the communication port.
[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first driving body includes a ring-moving motor and a rotating wheel. The ring-moving motor is fixedly installed at the sliding mounting position of the longitudinal adjustment body, and the rotating wheel is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the ring-moving motor.
[0012] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: 1. This utility model, through the cooperation of the longitudinal and transverse adjustment bodies, can flexibly adjust and change the circumferential, axial, and radial positions to collect flue gas, thereby enabling multi-point flue gas collection to improve detection accuracy and avoid deviations in detection results caused by different concentrations at different locations; furthermore, it can also flexibly adjust the position to avoid high-temperature or acidic gas concentration areas, which is beneficial to improving service life; thus, it can dynamically adapt to complex working conditions and actively avoid interference factors, achieving more accurate and reliable carbon emission monitoring.
[0013] 2. In this utility model, the angle adjustment component, together with the longitudinal adjustment body and the transverse adjustment body, can adjust the angle while flexibly adjusting and changing the circumferential, axial and radial positions. This is conducive to collecting flue gas from multiple angles, improving detection accuracy, further enhancing the ability to dynamically adapt to complex working conditions, and achieving more accurate carbon emission monitoring. Attached Figure Description
[0014] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of this utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.
[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall internal structure of the cylinder of this utility model; Figure 2 This utility model Figure 1 Enlarged structural diagram of the horizontal adjustment body and angle adjustment component at point A; Figure 3 This utility model Figure 1 A magnified schematic diagram of the longitudinal adjustment body at point B in the middle; Figure 4 This utility model Figure 1 Enlarged structural diagram of the first driving component and connector at point C; Figure 5 This utility model Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure from the center view; Figure 6 This utility model Figure 5 Enlarged frontal cross-sectional view of the horizontal adjustment body and angle adjustment component at point D; Figure 7 This utility model Figure 5 Enlarged front view of the first driving component and connecting body at point E.
[0016] In the diagram: 1. Cylinder; 11. Circular guide rail; 2. Position adjustment assembly; 21. Longitudinal adjustment body; 22. First driving component; 221. Circular motor; 222. Rotary wheel; 23. Horizontal adjustment body; 24. Connecting body; 25. Frame plate; 26. Lead screw; 27. Drive motor; 28. Sliding body; 3. Angle adjustment assembly; 31. First base; 32. Connecting arm; 321. Vertical arm; 322. Rotating shaft; 33. Second driving body; 4. Acquisition body; 41. Second base; 411. Connecting port; 42. Fan; 43. Telescopic pipe; 44. Filter screen; 5. Detection body. Detailed Implementation
[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this utility model. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this utility model is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed utility model, but merely represents some embodiments of this utility model. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this utility model without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.
[0018] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
[0019] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and "back side," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of this utility model is conventionally placed during use. These terms are used only for the convenience of describing this utility model and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation; therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.
[0020] It should also be noted that, in the description of this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.
[0021] Addressing the technical problem that existing carbon emission reduction detection devices are prone to deviations in detection results due to uneven concentrations at different locations, this disclosure provides a user carbon emission reduction detection device, such as... Figures 1 to 7 As shown, the device includes a cylindrical body 1, a position adjustment component 2, and an angle adjustment component 3. The position adjustment component 2 is slidably mounted on the cylindrical body 1 in the circumferential direction. The angle adjustment component 3 is rotatably mounted on the surface of the position adjustment component 2. A sampling body 4 is rotatably mounted inside the angle adjustment component 3. The position adjustment component 2 can adjust the horizontal circumferential, axial, and / or radial positions of the angle adjustment component 3 and the sampling body 4. The angle adjustment component 3 can change the radial orientation of the sampling body 4, thereby flexibly changing the sampling point position with the cooperation of the position adjustment component 2 and the angle adjustment component 3.
[0022] It should be noted that the cylinder 1 in this embodiment can be any cylindrical object that emits carbon dioxide in the prior art, such as a chimney of a thermal power plant.
[0023] like Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, the position adjustment assembly 2 includes a longitudinal adjustment body 21, a first driving member 22, and a transverse adjustment body 23. The longitudinal adjustment body 21 is slidably installed on the cylindrical body 1 along the circumferential surface. The first driving member 22 is fixedly installed on the longitudinal adjustment body 21 at the slidable installation position. The transverse adjustment body 23 is fixedly installed at any end of the longitudinal adjustment body 21. An angle adjustment assembly 3 is rotatably installed at any end of the transverse adjustment body 23. A detection body 5 is fixedly installed on the surface of the transverse adjustment body 23.
[0024] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the longitudinal adjusting body 21 is slidably installed by protruding and fixedly mounting the circumferential guide rail 11 on the inner surface of the cylinder 1. The longitudinal adjusting body 21 is slidably installed inside the circumferential guide rail 11 via a connecting body 24. The connecting body 24 has an inverted "U" shaped cross-section and moves around the circumferential guide rail 11. In addition, any other method of movement along the circumferential surface of the cylinder wall can be used in this embodiment.
[0025] In this embodiment, the longitudinal adjustment body 21 and the transverse adjustment body 23 can employ a lead screw 26 structure or an electric actuator structure. Specifically, it includes a frame plate 25, a lead screw 26, a drive motor 27, and a slider 28. The lead screw 26 is rotatably mounted inside the frame plate 25, and the drive motor 27, fixedly connected to the lead screw 26, is fixedly mounted at the end of the frame plate 25. The slider 28, which moves along the surface of the lead screw 26, is slidably mounted on the surface of the lead screw 26. The transverse adjustment body 23 is fixedly mounted on the surface of the slider in the longitudinal adjustment body 21, and an angle adjustment component 3 is fixedly mounted on the surface of the slider in the transverse adjustment body 23. The specific principles and structures of the lead screw 26 structure or the electric actuator structure are very mature technologies in the prior art and will not be elaborated further here.
[0026] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, it should be noted that the lead screw 26 structure is preferred in this embodiment of the present disclosure. When the overall length of the lead screw 26 structure and the electric push rod are the same, the adjustment distance of the lead screw 26 structure is larger.
[0027] It should be noted that the slide body 28 is limited by the frame plate 25 and thus moves only along the axis of the lead screw 26 surface.
[0028] It should be noted that a transverse adjustment body 23 is fixedly installed on the surface of the slide body 28 of the longitudinal adjustment plate.
[0029] like Figure 1 , Figure 4 and 7 As shown, the first driving body includes a ring motor 221 and a rotating wheel 222. The ring motor 221 is fixedly installed at the sliding installation position of the longitudinal adjustment body 21, and the rotating wheel 222 is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the ring motor 221.
[0030] It should be noted that the height of the side of the connecting body 24 away from the longitudinal adjusting body 21 is less than the height of the circumferential guide rail 11, so that the rotating wheel 222 on that side can contact the circumferential guide rail 11.
[0031] The circumferential motor 221 is activated, driving the rotating wheel 222 to rotate. This causes the rotating wheel 222 to roll on the surface of the circumferential guide rail 11, moving the longitudinal adjustment body 21 along the circumferential surface of the inner surface of the cylinder 1. This allows the longitudinal adjustment body 21, the transverse adjustment body 23, and the collecting body 4 to move synchronously in the circumferential direction, thus flexibly adjusting the position of the collected flue gas. After adjusting the circumferential position, the drive motor 27 in the longitudinal adjustment body 21 is activated, causing the slider 28 to slide up and down along the surface of the lead screw 26, thereby adjusting the height position of the transverse adjustment body 23 and the collecting body 4. Simultaneously, the drive motor 27 in the transverse adjustment body 23 is activated, causing the slider to slide up and down along the surface of the lead screw 26, thereby adjusting the horizontal radial position of the collecting body 4. This facilitates multi-point collection, improving collection accuracy; it also allows for flexible position adjustment to avoid areas with high temperature or concentrated acidic gases, thus extending service life; and it enables dynamic adaptation to complex working conditions and proactive avoidance of interference factors, achieving more accurate and reliable carbon emission monitoring.
[0032] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the angle adjustment component 3 includes a first base 31, a connecting arm 32, and a second drive body 33. The first base 31 is fixedly installed on the surface of the horizontal adjustment body 23. The connecting arm 32 is fixedly installed on any opposite side of the first base 31. The collecting body 4 is rotatably installed between the connecting arms 32. The second drive body 33, which is fixedly connected to the collecting body 4, is fixedly installed on the surface of the connecting body 24.
[0033] When adjusting the radial angle of the collecting body 4, the second driving body 33 is activated, thereby driving the first base 31 between the connecting arms 32 to rotate, which in turn can adjust the orientation of the collecting body 4, and thus collect flue gas from different radial angles. This is beneficial for multi-angle collection to improve collection accuracy, further enhance the ability to dynamically adapt to complex working conditions, and achieve more accurate carbon emission monitoring.
[0034] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 The connecting arm 32 includes a vertical arm 321 and a rotating shaft 322. The vertical arm 321 is fixedly installed on any opposite surface of the first base 31. The rotating shaft 322 is rotatably installed on the opposite surface of the vertical arm 321. The collecting body 4 is fixedly installed at the end of the rotating shaft 322. At least one rotating shaft 322 passes through the vertical arm 321 and is fixedly connected to the second driving body 33.
[0035] After the second drive body 33 is activated, the second drive body 33 drives the rotating shaft 322 to rotate, thereby driving the collection body 4 to rotate, and thus being able to rotate to different angles.
[0036] In this embodiment, any one of the rotating shafts 322 passes through the vertical arm 321 and is fixedly connected to the second driving body 33.
[0037] It should be noted that the second drive body 33 in this embodiment adopts a motor in the prior art. Motors are a very mature technology, and will not be described in detail here.
[0038] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the collecting body 4 includes a second base 41, a fan 42, and a telescopic tube 43. The second base 41 is fixedly installed on the opposite side of the rotating shaft 322. The fan 42 is fixedly installed inside the second base 41. A connecting port 411 is opened on the surface of the second base 41. One end of the telescopic tube 43 is fixedly connected to the connecting port 411. The other end of the telescopic tube 43 is fixedly installed with a detection body 5.
[0039] The detector 5 adopts any structure or device in the prior art that can detect flue gas, such as a flue gas analyzer or a continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS) containing a non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) analyzer or ultraviolet differential absorption spectroscopy (UV-DOAS), a laser backscattering instrument or forward light scattering technology, an S-type Pitot tube or an ultrasonic flow meter, a platinum resistance temperature sensor, a pressure transmitter, a resistance-capacitance sensor.
[0040] During the rotation of the shaft 322 driven by the second drive body 33, the shaft 322 drives the second base 41 to rotate. The rotation of the second base 41, in turn, drives the fan 42 to rotate. The fan 42 draws flue gas into the second base 41 and through the connecting port 411 and the telescopic pipe 43 into the detection body 5 for detection. This allows the opening of the second base 41 and the fan 42 to be oriented at different angles to collect flue gas, thus facilitating multi-angle collection, improving collection accuracy, and further enhancing the ability to dynamically adapt to complex operating conditions, achieving more precise carbon emission monitoring. After collecting carbon emission data, the specific carbon reduction data is obtained by comparing it with historical data.
[0041] It should be noted that the telescopic tube 43 is a corrugated tube, thereby using the bendability of the corrugated tube to stably cooperate with the rotation of the second base 41 and the fan 42. In addition, any other pipe that can be slightly deflected in the prior art can also be used, such as a rubber pipe.
[0042] It should be noted that all electrical devices in this embodiment can be powered by independent batteries or by physical wiring. The technology of using independent batteries or physical wiring for power supply is a very mature technology in the prior art, and will not be elaborated upon here. When using independent batteries, the independent batteries can be fixedly installed on the surface of the longitudinal adjustment body 21 or the transverse adjustment body 23, or each can be installed independently. It should also be noted that the independent batteries should have any heat-insulating structure fixedly installed on their outer surface to ensure stable operation. Furthermore, the outer surface of any electrical device should be equipped with heat-insulating and dust-proof structures, such as ceramic fiber boards or heat shields as used in the prior art.
[0043] like Figure 6 As shown, a filter screen 44 is fixedly installed at the connection port 411. The filter screen 44 can filter particulate matter in the flue gas, thereby preventing particulate matter from affecting the accuracy of subsequent detection, and preventing particulate matter from clogging the pipe or damaging the detection equipment.
[0044] In this embodiment, when detecting flue gas emissions inside a cylindrical object, the operator can first start the circumferential motor 221 to drive the rotating wheel 222 to rotate. This causes the rotating wheel 222 to roll on the surface of the circumferential guide rail 11, moving the longitudinal adjustment body 21 along the circumferential surface of the inner surface of the cylinder 1. This allows the longitudinal adjustment body 21, the transverse adjustment body 23, and the collecting body 4 to move synchronously in the circumferential direction, thus flexibly changing and adjusting the circumferential position of the collected flue gas. This facilitates multi-point sampling to improve sampling accuracy; it allows for flexible position adjustment to avoid areas with concentrated high temperatures or acidic gases, thus improving service life; and it enables dynamic adaptation to complex operating conditions and proactive avoidance of interference factors, achieving more accurate and reliable carbon emission monitoring.
[0045] After adjusting the circumferential position, the drive motor 27 in the longitudinal adjustment body 21 is activated, causing the slider 28 to slide up and down along the surface of the lead screw 26, thereby adjusting the height position of the transverse adjustment body 23 and the collecting body 4. Simultaneously, the drive motor 27 in the transverse adjustment body 23 is also activated, causing the slider to slide up and down along the surface of the lead screw 26, thereby adjusting the horizontal radial position of the collecting body 4. This allows for flexible adjustment of the axial height and horizontal radial position of the collected flue gas. This facilitates multi-point sampling to improve accuracy; it allows for flexible position adjustment to avoid areas with high temperature or concentrated acidic gases, thus extending service life; and it enables dynamic adaptation to complex operating conditions and proactive avoidance of interference factors, achieving more accurate and reliable carbon emission monitoring.
[0046] After adjusting the circumferential, axial, and radial positions, the second drive body 33 is activated to drive the rotating shaft 322 to rotate, thereby causing the first base 31 between the connecting arms 32 to rotate. This allows the orientation of the collecting body 4 to be adjusted, enabling the collection of flue gas from different radial angles. This facilitates multi-angle collection, improves collection accuracy, and further enhances the ability to dynamically adapt to complex working conditions, achieving more accurate carbon emission monitoring.
[0047] After adjusting the positions of the sampling head and the detection body 5, the fan 42 is started to draw in flue gas and input it into the detection body 5 through the connection port and the telescopic pipe 43 to detect carbon dioxide in the flue gas, so that it can be compared with historical data of carbon emission sites to know the carbon emission reduction situation.
[0048] Those skilled in the art should understand that this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of this utility model. Various changes and modifications can be made to this utility model without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed utility model. The scope of protection of this utility model is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A user carbon emission reduction detection device, comprising a cylinder (1), a position adjustment component (2), and an angle adjustment component (3), characterized in that: The cylindrical body (1) is slidably mounted with a position adjustment component (2) along the circumferential direction. An angle adjustment component (3) is rotatably mounted on the surface of the position adjustment component (2). A collection body (4) is rotatably mounted inside the angle adjustment component (3). A detection body (5) communicating with the collection body (4) is fixedly mounted on the surface of the angle adjustment component (3). The position adjustment component (2) can adjust the horizontal circumferential, axial and / or radial positions of the angle adjustment component (3) and the collection body (4). The angle adjustment component (3) can change the radial orientation of the collection body (4), thereby changing the collection point position with the cooperation of the position adjustment component (2) and the angle adjustment component (3). The position adjustment assembly (2) includes a longitudinal adjustment body (21), a first driving member (22) and a transverse adjustment body (23). The longitudinal adjustment body (21) is slidably installed on the cylindrical body (1) along the circumferential surface. The first driving member (22) is fixedly installed on the longitudinal adjustment body (21) at the slidable installation position. The transverse adjustment body (23) is fixedly installed at any end of the longitudinal adjustment body (21). An angle adjustment assembly (3) is rotatably installed at any end of the transverse adjustment body (23). A detection body (5) is fixedly installed on the surface of the transverse adjustment body (23). The angle adjustment assembly (3) includes a first base (31), a connecting arm (32), and a second drive body (33). The first base (31) is fixedly installed on the surface of the horizontal adjustment body (23). The connecting arm (32) is fixedly installed on any opposite side of the first base (31). The collecting body (4) is rotatably installed between the connecting arms (32). Both the longitudinal adjustment body (21) and the transverse adjustment body (23) include a frame plate (25), a lead screw (26), a drive motor (27), and a slider (28). The lead screw (26) is rotatably installed inside the frame plate (25), and the drive motor (27) is fixedly installed at the end of the frame plate (25) and fixedly connected to the lead screw (26). The slider (28) is slidably installed on the surface of the lead screw (26) and moves along the surface of the lead screw (26). When adjusting the radial angle of the collecting body (4), the second driving body (33) is activated, thereby driving the first base (31) between the connecting arms (32) to rotate, thereby adjusting the orientation of the collecting body (4) and collecting flue gas from different radial angles.
2. The user carbon emission reduction detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting arm (32) includes a vertical arm (321) and a rotating shaft (322). The vertical arm (321) is fixedly installed on any opposite side of the first base (31). The rotating shaft (322) is rotatably installed on the opposite side of the vertical arm (321). The collecting body (4) is fixedly installed at the end of the rotating shaft (322). At least one rotating shaft (322) passes through the vertical arm (321) and is fixedly connected to the second driving body (33).
3. The user carbon emission reduction detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The collecting body (4) includes a second base (41), a fan (42) and a telescopic tube (43). The second base (41) is fixedly installed on the opposite side of the rotating shaft (322). The fan (42) is fixedly installed inside the second base (41). A connecting port (411) is opened on the surface of the second base (41). One end of the telescopic tube (43) is fixedly connected to the connecting port. A detection body (5) is fixedly installed at the other end of the telescopic tube (43).
4. The user carbon emission reduction detection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A filter screen (44) is fixedly installed at the connection port (411).
5. The user carbon emission reduction detection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first driving component (22) includes a ring motor (221) and a wheel (222). The ring motor (221) is fixedly installed at the sliding installation position of the longitudinal adjustment body (21), and the wheel (222) is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the ring motor (221).