Programmable qc protocol fast charging induction device based on single-chip microcomputer

Abstract

The utility model is suitable for the field of fast charging and electric induction, provides programmable QC protocol fast charging electric induction device based on singlechip, including Type -C interface module, voltage regulation network circuit, stabilizing circuit, power conversion circuit, control and sampling circuit, back -stage power supply switch circuit, voltage regulation network circuit is constituted by resistance R3, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and diode D1, cooperate the IO mouth (GPIO) of singlechip, through the mode of hardware voltage division, obtain the level required by QC protocol from the 3.3V high level of singlechip output, provide voltage signal simulation for QC protocol handshake process, in the utility model, the cost advantage is remarkable: abandon special QC induction chip, adopt general singlechip, and the cost of singlechip is far lower than special chip, and need not complex peripheral configuration circuit, from material cost (BOM) to overall device cost, all greatly reduce, solve the problem of " special chip cost is high " in background art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of fast charging induction, and in particular relates to a programmable QC protocol fast charging induction device based on a microcontroller. Background Technology

[0002] In the hardware implementation of fast charging protocols, dedicated decoy chips are currently commonly used to build the hardware system for fast charging protocol interaction. However, dedicated chip solutions have significant hardware limitations:

[0003] On the one hand, the dedicated decoy chip not only has a high procurement cost (usually accounting for more than 30% of the device hardware BOM cost), but also requires specific peripheral hardware configuration circuits (such as dedicated filtering and voltage divider circuits), which further increases the overall hardware material cost.

[0004] On the other hand, the hardware circuit design of dedicated chips is fixed, and the supported protocol logic is fixed through hardware circuits. When faced with new fast charging protocols or personalized functional requirements, they cannot be adapted through simple hardware adjustments. It is necessary to replace the chip and redesign the peripheral circuit, which greatly increases the difficulty and cost of hardware development for product iteration.

[0005] In addition, there are significant risks in the supply chain hardware: dedicated chips are often supplied by a few specific suppliers, resulting in a high dependence on hardware procurement. This makes the products susceptible to supplier shutdowns, shortages, price fluctuations, and other factors, posing potential risks to product hardware production and continuous supply.

[0006] Therefore, a programmable QC protocol fast charging device based on a microcontroller is needed to solve the above problems. Utility Model Content

[0007] The purpose of this utility model embodiment is to provide a programmable QC protocol fast charging device based on a microcontroller to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0009] The microcontroller-based programmable QC protocol fast charging induction device includes a Type-C interface module, a voltage regulation network circuit, a stabilization circuit, a power conversion circuit, a control and sampling circuit, and a subsequent power supply switch circuit. The voltage regulation network circuit is composed of resistors R3, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and diode D1. In conjunction with the microcontroller's IO port (GPIO), it obtains the required voltage level for the QC protocol from the 3.3V high level output by the microcontroller through hardware voltage division, providing voltage signal simulation for the QC protocol handshake process.

[0010] The Type-C interface module uses a USB-TYPEC-12P interface (USB1) for connecting a fast charger and transmitting power and communication signals. Pins 6 and 8 of USB1 are connected to one end of resistors R9, R7, and diode D1. The other end of resistor R9 is connected to the +3.3V voltage terminal, and the other end of resistor R7 and one end of resistor R6 are both connected to GND. Pins 5 and 7 of USB1 are connected to one end of resistors R5 and R6. The other end of resistor R5 is connected to the GPIO pin of the microcontroller, and the other end of resistor R7 is connected to the other end of resistor R6. The other end of resistor R6 is connected to GND, thus constructing a voltage divider and transmission circuit for DP and DN signals, and outputting waveforms for power induction.

[0011] The stabilization circuit includes a capacitor C1, which is connected to the power path of the circuit. It is used to filter the power signal and stabilize the voltage, ensuring the stable operating voltage of each hardware component in the circuit, improving the reliability of the circuit, and avoiding voltage fluctuations from affecting the protocol handshake and voltage output control.

[0012] The power conversion circuit is composed of an AMS1117-3.3 chip (U1) and matching capacitors C2, C3, and C4. The input voltage is connected to the VIN pin of U1, and after being regulated internally by U1 and filtered by C2, C3, and C4, a +3.3V voltage is output from the VOUT pin to power the microcontroller (MCU) and the voltage regulation network circuit modules that require a stable 3.3V power supply, thus constructing a stable low-voltage power supply system inside the device.

[0013] The control and sampling circuit is based on a microcontroller (MCU), and its GPIO ports include GPIO1, GPIO2, and GPIO3. GPIO1 is connected to a voltage regulation network and is used to output control signals to simulate the QC protocol handshake timing. GPIO2 is connected to a voltage sampling circuit, which consists of resistors R2 and R4 and capacitor C5. One end of resistor R2 is connected to the Type-C interface input voltage detection point, and the other end is connected to one end of resistor R4 and one end of capacitor C5. The other end of resistor R4 and the other end of capacitor C5 are grounded. The sampled signal is processed by this circuit and then input to GPIO2, which is fed back to the MCU to determine whether the Type-C interface input voltage meets the expectations. GPIO3 is connected to a switch control circuit to implement the control logic for the power supply of the subsequent stage, and together complete the simulation of the QC protocol handshake signal, voltage sampling judgment, and subsequent power supply control process.

[0014] The subsequent power supply switching circuit consists of a MOSFET Q1, a transistor Q2, and a resistor R1. The MCU's GPIO3 output signal controls the base of Q2, thereby controlling Q2's on / off state. The collector of Q2 is connected to the gate of Q1 via resistor R1, the drain of Q1 is connected to the input voltage terminal, and the source is connected to the subsequent power supply terminal. By controlling the gate voltage of Q1 through the on / off state of Q2, the power supply control of the subsequent devices is achieved. When the voltage feedback voltage from the voltage sampling circuit meets the expectations, the MCU controls the GPIO3 output signal to turn on Q2, thereby turning on Q1 and supplying power to the subsequent system.

[0015] This device can be applied to consumer electronics accessories, power adapters, and embedded hardware development.

[0016] By simulating the QC protocol handshake process through microcontroller software, the fast charger is induced to output a specified voltage (such as 9V / 12V), without the need for a dedicated decoy chip, providing a controllable high voltage input for downstream devices (such as power banks and small devices).

[0017] In a further technical solution, the voltage regulation network circuit can obtain a 2.7V level by dividing the voltage between resistors R9 and R7, and can achieve a 0.6V related logic level by dividing the voltage between resistors R5 and R6 in conjunction with the waveform output by the microcontroller's GPIO, thus meeting the requirements of the QC protocol handshake for different levels.

[0018] In a further technical solution, the capacitor C1 in the stabilizing circuit has a capacitance of 10μF and is connected to the power supply path of the circuit through hardware. This effectively filters out ripple and noise in the power supply, stabilizes the voltage, and ensures the stable operating voltage of the microcontroller and the voltage divider resistor.

[0019] In a further technical solution, the power conversion circuit includes capacitors C2 with a capacitance of 10μF, C3 with a capacitance of 100nF, and C4 with a capacitance of 10μF. C2, C3, and C4 work in conjunction with the AMS1117-3.3 chip (U1) to convert the input voltage into a stable +3.3V voltage output, providing a reliable low-voltage power supply for the various hardware circuits within the device.

[0020] In a further technical solution, in the control and sampling circuit, the voltage sampling circuit has a resistor R2 with a resistance of 10K, a resistor R4 with a resistance of 2.2K, and a capacitor C5 with a capacitance of 100nF. This hardware circuit performs voltage division, filtering, and sampling on the Type-C interface input voltage, providing an accurate signal for the MCU to determine whether the input voltage meets expectations.

[0021] In a further technical solution, in the power supply switching circuit of the downstream stage, the resistance value of resistor R1 is 10K. The MCU controls the output signal of GPIO3 and uses a hardware circuit composed of transistor Q2, resistor R1 and MOSFET Q1 to realize the on / off control of the power supply of the downstream stage, so as to reliably supply power to the downstream system when the voltage meets the expectations.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0023] This utility model has significant cost advantages: it abandons the dedicated QC induction chip and adopts a general-purpose microcontroller. The cost of the microcontroller is much lower than that of the dedicated chip, and there is no need for complex peripheral configuration circuits. The material cost (BOM) and the overall device cost are greatly reduced, solving the problem of "high cost of dedicated chips" in the background technology.

[0024] This utility model is flexible and customizable in design: the microcontroller breaks through the limitation of fixed protocol of dedicated chip through software programming, and theoretically can support various fast charging protocols based on D+ / D- voltage or pulse communication (as long as the protocol is public or can be reverse analyzed). The product only needs to upgrade the software to adapt to the new protocol, without the need for hardware replacement, thus solving the problem of "fixed protocol and single function" in the background technology.

[0025] This utility model ensures a safe and stable supply chain: it offers a wide range of microcontroller options, avoids reliance on a single supplier for dedicated chips, reduces risks caused by supplier shutdowns, shortages, and price fluctuations, and solves the problem of "high supply chain risk" in the background technology.

[0026] This utility model has high adaptability and reliability: through the matching design of voltage regulation network circuit and stabilization circuit, it can be adapted to most chargers on the market, accurately complete the QC protocol handshake, and stably induce the fast charger to output a specified voltage (such as 9V / 12V), providing controllable high voltage input for downstream devices (such as power banks and small devices), ensuring the power supply needs and stability of the devices.

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the structural features and effects of this utility model, the following detailed description of this utility model is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall system circuit structure of this utility model, showing the complete circuit connection of the Type-C interface, voltage regulation network, power conversion, MCU, and subsequent switches, reflecting the overall architecture of the device.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a detailed circuit diagram of the Type-C interface and voltage regulation network of this utility model, which refines the connection between the Type-C interface pins and components such as voltage regulating resistors and capacitors, making it easier to understand the voltage division and signal transmission path.

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the power conversion, MCU and subsequent switching circuit of this utility model, showing the AMS1117-3.3 power conversion, MCU pin connection, and subsequent power supply switch control circuit, clarifying the power supply and subsequent control logic. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model.

[0032] The specific implementation of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0033] like Figures 1-3 As shown, this utility model embodiment provides a programmable QC protocol fast charging induction device based on a microcontroller, including:

[0034] Type-C interface module: It adopts USB-TYPEC-12P interface (USB1), and its pins are clearly defined as GND, VBUS, SBU1, SBU2, CC1, CC2, DP1, DN1, DP2, DN2, VBUS, GND. It is used to connect to the fast charger, transmit power and communication signals, and establish a physical connection and signal interaction channel between the device and the charger.

[0035] Pins 6 and 8 of the USB-TYPEC-12P interface (USB1) are connected to one end of resistors R9 and R7 and diode D1. The other end of resistor R9 is connected to +3.3V, and the other end of R7 and one end of resistor R6 are both connected to GND. Pins 5 and 7 of USB1 are connected to one end of resistors R5 and R6. The other end of R5 is connected to the microcontroller's GPIO, and the other end of resistor R7 is connected to the other end of resistor R6. The other end of R6 is connected to GND, and the output waveform is used for power induction.

[0036] The voltage regulation network circuit consists of resistors R3, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and diode D1. Working in conjunction with the microcontroller's GPIO port, it precisely obtains a voltage level conforming to the QC protocol requirements from the 3.3V high level output by the microcontroller through a resistor divider combination (e.g., obtaining 2.7V through a voltage divider between R9 and R7, and implementing 0.6V related logic through a voltage divider between R5 and R6 combined with software waveform output). This provides the necessary voltage signal simulation for the QC protocol handshake process, allowing the charger to recognize the device's fast charging request.

[0037] Stabilization circuit: Includes capacitor C1 (10μF) filter capacitor, connected to the power supply path of the circuit, to filter the power supply signal, effectively filter out ripple and noise in the power supply, stabilize the voltage, ensure the stable operating voltage of each component in the circuit (such as microcontroller, voltage divider resistor, etc.), improve the reliability of the circuit, and avoid voltage fluctuations affecting protocol handshake and voltage output control.

[0038] Power conversion circuit: It is composed of AMS1117-3.3 chip (U1) and matching capacitors C2 (10μF), C3 (100nF) and C4 (10μF). The input voltage is connected to the VIN pin of U1. After internal voltage regulation and filtering by C2, C3 and C4, +3.3V is output from the VOUT pin to power the microcontroller (MCU) and voltage regulation network and other circuit modules that require a stable 3.3V power supply, thus building a stable low-voltage power supply system inside the device.

[0039] Control and Sampling Circuit: Based on a microcontroller (MCU), its GPIO ports are explicitly designated as GPIO1, GPIO2, and GPIO3. GPIO1 connects to a voltage regulation network to output control signals simulating the QC protocol handshake timing. GPIO2 connects to a voltage sampling circuit, which consists of resistors R2 (10K), R4 (2.2K), and capacitor C5 (100nF). One end of R2 is connected to the Type-C interface input voltage detection point, and the other end is connected to one end of R4 and one end of C5. The other ends of R4 and C5 are grounded. The sampled signal is processed by this circuit and input to GPIO2, feeding back to the MCU to determine if the Type-C interface input voltage meets expectations. GPIO3 connects to a switch control circuit to implement the control logic for the subsequent power supply, collaboratively completing the QC protocol handshake signal simulation, voltage sampling judgment, and subsequent power supply control process.

[0040] The power supply switching circuit for the downstream stage consists of a MOSFET Q1, a transistor Q2, and a resistor R1 (10K). The MCU's GPIO3 output signal controls the base of Q2, thereby controlling Q2's on / off state. The collector of Q2 is connected to the gate of Q1 via R1, the drain of Q1 is connected to the input voltage terminal, and the source is connected to the power supply terminal for the downstream stage. By controlling the gate voltage of Q1 through the on / off state of Q2, the power supply control for the downstream devices is achieved. When the voltage feedback from the voltage sampling circuit meets the expectations, the MCU controls the GPIO3 output signal to turn on Q2, thereby turning on Q1 and supplying power to the downstream system.

[0041] The working principle of this utility model:

[0042] Power input and conversion:

[0043] After the Type-C charger is connected, the charger receives the input voltage through the VBUS pin of the Type-C interface. The AMS1117-3.3 chip (U1) in the power conversion circuit works to convert the input voltage to +3.3V. After being filtered by capacitors C2 and C3, it provides stable power to the MCU and other hardware circuits such as the voltage divider network, establishing a hardware channel for the internal working power supply of the device.

[0044] Protocol handshake preparation:

[0045] DP signal hardware processing: In the hardware circuit related to the DP signal of the Type-C port, the +3.3V voltage is divided by R9 and R7 to fix the DP signal voltage at 2.7V, providing basic level hardware support for protocol handshaking;

[0046] DN signal hardware processing: The MCU outputs a waveform signal through the GPIO port. After being divided by R5 and R6, the signal is transmitted to the charger through the DN signal pin of the Type-C port. Relying on the characteristics of the hardware circuit composed of resistors and capacitors (such as the filtering and delay of the signal by the RC circuit), and in conjunction with the level switching capability of the MCU hardware pins, the QC protocol handshake timing is implemented (such as the switching of the D+ state, such as floating, low, and pulse, with the error controlled within ±0.2ms). Hardware communication interaction is performed with the charger to induce the charger to output a specified voltage (such as 9V or 12V).

[0047] Voltage sampling judgment:

[0048] In the voltage sampling circuit, resistors R2 and R4 perform hardware voltage divider sampling of the output voltage of the Type-C interface. The sampled signal is then filtered by capacitor C5 and input to GPIO2 of the MCU. The MCU performs hardware detection and judgment on the sampled voltage (based on the built-in hardware comparison circuit or program logic) to confirm whether it meets the expected output voltage (such as the sampled value corresponding to 9V and 12V).

[0049] Power supply control for downstream applications:

[0050] When the MCU determines that the sampled voltage meets the expectations, it outputs a control signal through GPIO3 to turn on transistor Q2, which in turn drives MOSFET Q1 to turn on, opening the power supply channel for the subsequent stage. The charger output voltage is then transmitted to the subsequent system (such as a power bank or small device) via Q1 to provide it with a high voltage input. If the voltage does not meet the expectations, the MCU adjusts the QC protocol handshake signal output and re-performs the protocol interaction and voltage deception until the requirements are met or the interaction is deemed to have failed.

[0051] This solution clarifies the circuit composition, component parameters, and connection logic of each module to achieve a fast charging inducement function based on a microcontroller's QC protocol. It replaces the dedicated inducement chip and has advantages such as low cost, flexible programmability to adapt to protocols, and stable supply chain. It is suitable for scenarios such as consumer electronics accessories, power adapters, and embedded hardware development, and accurately induces the charger to output a specified voltage to provide a controllable high voltage input for downstream devices.

[0052] Hardware expansion and adaptation (description of hardware support for software upgrades)

[0053] The device has a built-in non-volatile memory hardware module (which can be integrated into the MCU or an external Flash / EEPROM) for storing the control program firmware. It supports program updates and function expansion via hardware debugging interfaces such as UART / SWD / JTAG. Based on this hardware architecture, when it is necessary to adapt to a new fast charging protocol, the program can be updated through the hardware debugging interface without replacing the physical hardware.

[0054] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A microcontroller-based programmable QC protocol fast charging induction device, comprising a Type-C interface module, a voltage regulation network circuit, a stabilization circuit, a power conversion circuit, a control and sampling circuit, and a subsequent power supply switch circuit, characterized in that: The voltage regulation network circuit consists of resistors R3, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and diode D1. In conjunction with the microcontroller's I / O port, it obtains the required voltage level for the QC protocol from the 3.3V high level output by the microcontroller through hardware voltage division, providing a voltage signal simulation for the QC protocol handshake process. The Type-C interface module uses a USB-TYPEC-12P interface (USB1) for connecting a fast charger and transmitting power and communication signals. Pins 6 and 8 of USB1 are connected to one end of resistors R9, R7, and diode D1. The other end of resistor R9 is connected to the +3.3V voltage terminal, and the other end of resistor R7 and one end of resistor R6 are both connected to GND. Pins 5 and 7 of USB1 are connected to one end of resistors R5 and R6. The other end of resistor R5 is connected to the GPIO pin of the microcontroller, and the other end of resistor R7 is connected to the other end of resistor R6. The other end of resistor R6 is connected to GND, thus constructing a voltage divider and transmission circuit for DP and DN signals, and outputting waveforms for power induction. The stabilization circuit includes a capacitor C1, which is connected to the power path of the circuit. It is used to filter the power signal and stabilize the voltage, ensuring the stable operating voltage of each hardware component in the circuit, improving the reliability of the circuit, and avoiding voltage fluctuations from affecting the protocol handshake and voltage output control. The power conversion circuit is composed of an AMS1117-3.3 chip (U1) and matching capacitors C2, C3, and C4. The input voltage is connected to the VIN pin of U1, and after being regulated internally by U1 and filtered by C2, C3, and C4, a +3.3V voltage is output from the VOUT pin to power the microcontroller and the circuit modules that require a stable 3.3V power supply, thus constructing a stable low-voltage power supply system inside the device. The control and sampling circuit is based on a microcontroller, and its GPIO ports include GPIO1, GPIO2, and GPIO3. GPIO1 is connected to a voltage regulation network and is used to output control signals to simulate the QC protocol handshake timing. GPIO2 is connected to a voltage sampling circuit, which consists of resistors R2 and R4 and capacitor C5. One end of resistor R2 is connected to the Type-C interface input voltage detection point, and the other end is connected to one end of resistor R4 and one end of capacitor C5. The other end of resistor R4 and the other end of capacitor C5 are grounded. The sampled signal is processed by this circuit and then input to GPIO2, which is fed back to the MCU to determine whether the Type-C interface input voltage meets the expectations. GPIO3 is connected to a switch control circuit to implement the control logic for the power supply of the subsequent stage, and together complete the simulation of the QC protocol handshake signal, voltage sampling judgment, and subsequent power supply control process. The subsequent power supply switching circuit consists of a MOSFET Q1, a transistor Q2, and a resistor R1. The MCU's GPIO3 output signal controls the base of Q2, thereby controlling Q2's on / off state. The collector of Q2 is connected to the gate of Q1 via resistor R1, the drain of Q1 is connected to the input voltage terminal, and the source is connected to the subsequent power supply terminal. By controlling the gate voltage of Q1 through the on / off state of Q2, the power supply control of the subsequent devices is achieved. When the voltage feedback voltage from the voltage sampling circuit meets the expectations, the MCU controls the GPIO3 output signal to turn on Q2, thereby turning on Q1 and supplying power to the subsequent system.

2. The programmable QC protocol fast charging induction device based on a single-chip microcomputer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the voltage regulation network circuit, a 2.7V level can be obtained by voltage division through resistors R9 and R7. A 0.6V related logic level can be achieved by voltage division through resistors R5 and R6 in conjunction with the waveform output by the microcontroller's GPIO, thus meeting the requirements of the QC protocol handshake for different levels.

3. The programmable QC protocol fast charging induction device based on a single-chip microcomputer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The capacitor C1 in the stabilizing circuit has a capacitance of 10μF and is connected to the power supply path of the circuit through hardware. It effectively filters out ripple and noise in the power supply, stabilizes the voltage, and ensures the stable operating voltage of the microcontroller and voltage divider resistors.

4. The programmable QC protocol fast charging induction device based on a single-chip microcomputer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the power conversion circuit, the matching capacitors C2 (10μF), C3 (100nF), and C4 (10μF) work together with the AMS1117-3.3 chip (U1) to convert the input voltage into a stable +3.3V output voltage, providing a reliable low-voltage power supply for the various hardware circuits in the device.

5. The programmable QC protocol fast charging induction device based on a single-chip microcomputer according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the control and sampling circuit, the voltage sampling circuit has a resistor R2 with a resistance of 10K, a resistor R4 with a resistance of 2.2K, and a capacitor C5 with a capacitance of 100nF. This hardware circuit performs voltage division, filtering, and sampling on the Type-C interface input voltage, providing an accurate signal for the MCU to determine whether the input voltage meets expectations.

6. The programmable QC protocol fast charging induction device based on a single-chip microcomputer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the power supply switching circuit of the downstream stage, the resistance of resistor R1 is 10K. The MCU controls the output signal of GPIO3 and uses the hardware circuit composed of transistor Q2, resistor R1 and MOSFET Q1 to realize the on and off control of the power supply of the downstream stage, so as to reliably supply power to the downstream system when the voltage meets the expectations.

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