A modular motor speed control circuit

Abstract

The utility model embodiment provides a kind of modularization motor speed regulation control circuit, including power input module, high voltage turns low voltage module, signal processing module, motor drive interface module and protection module;Power input module is electrically connected with high voltage turns low voltage module, high voltage turns low voltage module is electrically connected with signal processing module, protection module is electrically connected with power input module and high voltage turns low voltage module respectively, signal processing module is electrically connected with motor drive interface module.Circuit design is based on power processing, and high reliability is realized by modularization layout and multiple protection mechanism, especially suitable for motor speed regulation application.Its unique place is in flexible speed regulating interface, excellent EMC performance and low-cost high-integration solution, which embodies the practicability and robustness in industrial design.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of motor control technology, specifically to a modular motor speed control circuit with multiple protections and compatibility with multiple speed control methods. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of industrial automation, motor speed control circuits are widely used. However, existing motor speed control circuits have the following shortcomings: They have a single protection mechanism, lacking multiple protections against surge current, overvoltage, and overcurrent, making them susceptible to damage in harsh power grid environments; their EMC performance is poor, with high-frequency noise generated during motor drive easily interfering with surrounding equipment, and their own anti-interference capability is insufficient; their speed control methods are limited, typically supporting only one of PWM or analog signals, making them unable to flexibly adapt to different control scenarios; and their modular design is insufficient, with low integration of functional modules, making maintenance and expansion difficult. Utility Model Content

[0003] In view of the above problems, this utility model is proposed to provide a modular motor speed control circuit that overcomes or at least partially solves the above problems, aiming to solve the problems of insufficient protection, poor EMC performance, single speed control mode and insufficient modular design of existing motor speed control circuits.

[0004] In some embodiments of this utility model, a modular motor speed control circuit is provided, including: Power input module, high-voltage to low-voltage module, signal processing module, motor drive interface module, and protection module; The power input module is electrically connected to the high-voltage to low-voltage module, the high-voltage to low-voltage module is electrically connected to the signal processing module, the protection module is electrically connected to both the power input module and the high-voltage to low-voltage module, and the signal processing module is electrically connected to the motor drive interface module.

[0005] Optionally, the power input module includes: a rectifier bridge, a filter capacitor, a common-mode inductor, and an NTC thermistor; the input terminal of the rectifier bridge is connected to AC power, and the output terminal is connected to the filter capacitor and the common-mode inductor in sequence, and the NTC thermistor is connected in parallel to the input terminal of the rectifier bridge.

[0006] Optionally, the high-voltage to low-voltage module converts 310V high voltage to 15V low voltage, including a multi-stage filter circuit and a Zener diode, wherein the Zener diode is connected in parallel between the 15V output terminal and ground.

[0007] Optionally, the signal processing module includes a PWM speed control interface and an optocoupler isolation element. The PWM speed control interface is used to receive external PWM signals, and the optocoupler isolation element is disposed between the high-voltage circuit and the low-voltage control circuit.

[0008] Optionally, the PWM speed control interface is an MCU PWM interface, the PWM speed control interface is a potentiometer speed control interface, and the potentiometer speed control interface is connected to a potentiometer.

[0009] Optionally, the protection module includes a varistor and a fuse, with the varistor connected in parallel to the input terminal of the power input module and the fuse connected in series in the power input circuit.

[0010] Optionally, the motor drive interface module includes at least three interfaces for connecting to a 310V power supply, GND, and a 15V power supply, and for connecting a potentiometer speed control signal.

[0011] Optionally, it also includes an EMC suppression module, which includes an X2 capacitor and a common-mode inductor, wherein the X2 capacitor is connected in parallel in the power input circuit and the common-mode inductor is connected in series in the power input circuit.

[0012] The present invention has the following advantages: In this embodiment of the invention, a power input module, a high-voltage to low-voltage conversion module, a signal processing module, a motor drive interface module, and a protection module are included. The power input module is electrically connected to the high-voltage to low-voltage conversion module, the high-voltage to low-voltage conversion module is electrically connected to the signal processing module, the protection module is electrically connected to both the power input module and the high-voltage to low-voltage conversion module, and the signal processing module is electrically connected to the motor drive interface module. The circuit utilizes an NTC thermistor to suppress inrush current during startup, a varistor to absorb grid surges, a fuse to provide overcurrent protection, and optocouplers to isolate high and low voltage circuits, significantly improving circuit reliability. Common-mode inductors and X2 capacitors effectively suppress high-frequency noise, complying with industrial-grade EMC standards and reducing interference to peripheral equipment. It also supports PWM signals from the MCU and analog signals from potentiometers for speed regulation, adapting to different control scenarios. The power, control, and interface modules are clearly partitioned, facilitating maintenance and functional expansion, and reserving space for NC components to support future upgrades. Attached Figure Description

[0013] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this utility model, the drawings used in the description of this utility model will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the modular structure of a modular motor speed control circuit provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of the power input module of a modular motor speed control circuit provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram of the first part of a high-voltage to low-voltage module of a modular motor speed control circuit provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a circuit diagram of the second part of a high-voltage to low-voltage module of a modular motor speed control circuit provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a circuit diagram of the first part of the signal processing module of a modular motor speed control circuit provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a circuit diagram of the second part of the signal processing module of a modular motor speed control circuit provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a circuit diagram of a motor drive interface module of a modular motor speed control circuit provided in one embodiment of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0015] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this utility model. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0016] Reference Figures 1 to 7 This illustration shows a modular motor speed control circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention, comprising: a power input module 100, a high-voltage to low-voltage module 200, a signal processing module 300, a motor drive interface module 400, and a protection module 500; the power input module 100 is electrically connected to the high-voltage to low-voltage module 200, the high-voltage to low-voltage module 200 is electrically connected to the signal processing module 300, the protection module 500 is electrically connected to both the power input module 100 and the high-voltage to low-voltage module 200, and the signal processing module 300 is electrically connected to the motor drive interface module 400.

[0017] The modular motor speed control circuit of this application integrates power processing, signal control, protection, and interface through modular design. Each module is connected via a standardized interface, and reserved NC components (such as R2 and R5) provide space for later debugging and functional expansion. In practical applications, PWM speed control or potentiometer speed control can be selected according to specific needs. Optical isolation and multiple protection mechanisms ensure stable operation of the circuit in complex environments.

[0018] In some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 2As shown, the power input module 100 includes: a rectifier bridge ZD1, a filter capacitor C7, common mode inductors L1 and L3, and an NTC thermistor RT1; the input terminal of the rectifier bridge ZD1 is connected to AC power, and the output terminal is connected to the filter capacitor C7 and the common mode inductors L1 and L3 in sequence. The NTC thermistor RT1 is connected in parallel to the input terminal of the rectifier bridge ZD1.

[0019] The power input module 100 described above has an input interface CN1 that can be connected to an AC power interface. AC power is then fed into a rectifier bridge ZD1, preferably a KBL610 model, which converts the AC power to DC power. The output terminal is connected in sequence to a filter capacitor C7, preferably 150μF / 450V, and common-mode inductors L1 and L3, preferably with an inductance of 1mH, to filter out high-frequency noise and output a stable 310V high-voltage DC. An NTC thermistor RT1, preferably a 5D-11 model, is connected in parallel to the input of the rectifier bridge ZD1 to suppress inrush current during power-on and protect the rectifier bridge ZD1 and subsequent circuitry.

[0020] The circuit employs an NTC thermistor RT1 to suppress inrush current during startup, a varistor RV1 to absorb grid surges, and a fuse FU1 to provide overcurrent protection. Optocouplers U2 and U3 isolate the high and low voltage circuits, significantly improving circuit reliability. Common-mode inductors L1 and L3, along with capacitor X2, effectively suppress high-frequency noise, meeting industrial-grade EMC standards and reducing interference to peripheral equipment. It also supports PWM signals from the MCU and analog signals from potentiometers for speed control, adapting to different control scenarios. The modular structure clearly separates the power supply, control, and interface modules, facilitating maintenance and functional expansion, and reserves space for NC components to support future upgrades.

[0021] In some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the high-voltage to low-voltage module 200 converts 310V high voltage to 15V low voltage, including a multi-stage filter circuit composed of multiple filter capacitors C9, C10, and C11 and a Zener diode D6. The Zener diode D6 is connected in parallel between the 15V output terminal and ground.

[0022] The aforementioned high-voltage to low-voltage module 200 converts the 310V high voltage to 15V low voltage via a switching power supply or a linear regulator circuit (not fully shown in the diagram) to power the control circuit. The 15V output is connected to a multi-stage filter circuit, including filter capacitor C9 (preferably 100NF / 50V), filter capacitor C10 (preferably 4.7μF / 35V), and filter capacitor C11 (preferably 4.7μF / 35V) to ensure voltage stability. Zener diode D6, preferably a ZM4736A (6.2V), is connected in parallel between the 15V output and ground to clamp the voltage and protect the low-voltage circuit.

[0023] In some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the signal processing module 300 includes PWM speed control interfaces CN2 and CN4 and optocoupler isolation elements, namely two optocouplers U2 and U3, preferably CT817B. The PWM speed control interfaces CN2 and CN4 are used to receive external PWM signals, and the optocoupler isolation elements U2 and U3 are disposed between the high-voltage circuit and the low-voltage control circuit.

[0024] Furthermore, the PWM speed control interface CN2 is an MCU PWM interface, and the PWM speed control interface CN4 is a potentiometer speed control interface, which is connected to potentiometer RP1.

[0025] The signal processing module 300 includes PWM speed control interfaces CN2 and CN4, where CN2 is the MCU PWM interface and CN4 is the potentiometer speed control interface. CN4 connects to potentiometer RP, preferably model RV09, a 5K potentiometer, and analog speed control signals can be input by adjusting the potentiometer. Optocoupler isolation components U2 and U3 are placed between the high-voltage circuit and the low-voltage control circuit to achieve electrical isolation between the high and low voltage signals and enhance anti-interference capability. During speed control, VSP (speed signal) and PG (feedback signal) are transmitted through the interface to achieve closed-loop speed control.

[0026] The protection module 500 includes a varistor RV1, preferably model 10D471K, and a fuse FU1, preferably T6.3A / 250V. The varistor RV1 is connected in parallel in the power input circuit. When a surge voltage occurs in the mains, the varistor's resistance decreases rapidly, absorbing the surge energy. The fuse FU1 is connected in series in the power input circuit. When an overcurrent fault occurs in the circuit, the fuse blows, cutting off the power supply and protecting downstream components.

[0027] In some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 7 As shown, the motor drive interface module 400 includes interfaces CN1, CN2, and CN4. CN1 and CN2 both provide 310V power, GND, and 15V power interfaces, while CN4 provides GND, PWM signal, and PG feedback signal interfaces, compatible with potentiometer or MCU-controlled motor speed regulation. The interface definitions are clear, facilitating connection to external motors and control devices. The EMC suppression module includes X2 capacitors C3 (preferably 220pF), C4 (preferably 0.22µF), and common-mode inductor L2 (preferably 5mH). The X2 capacitor is connected in parallel in the power input circuit to suppress differential-mode interference, while the common-mode inductor is connected in series in the power input circuit to suppress common-mode interference. Together, they ensure that the circuit complies with industrial-grade EMC standards, making it suitable for interference-prone scenarios such as motor drives.

[0028] Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the present invention.

[0029] Finally, it should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal device that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or terminal device. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or terminal device that includes said element.

[0030] The modular motor speed control circuit provided by this utility model has been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principle and implementation of this utility model. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core idea of ​​this utility model. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation and application scope based on the idea of ​​this utility model. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

Claims

1. A modular motor speed control circuit, characterized in that, include: Power input module (100), high voltage to low voltage module (200), signal processing module (300), motor drive interface module (400) and protection module (500); The power input module (100) is electrically connected to the high-voltage to low-voltage module (200), the high-voltage to low-voltage module (200) is electrically connected to the signal processing module (300), the protection module (500) is electrically connected to the power input module (100) and the high-voltage to low-voltage module (200) respectively, and the signal processing module (300) is electrically connected to the motor drive interface module (400).

2. The modular motor speed control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power input module (100) includes: a rectifier bridge (ZD1), a filter capacitor (C7), a common-mode inductor (L1, L3), and an NTC thermistor (RT1); the input terminal of the rectifier bridge (ZD1) is connected to AC power, and the output terminal is connected to the filter capacitor (C7) and the common-mode inductor (L1, L3) in sequence. The NTC thermistor (RT1) is connected in parallel to the input terminal of the rectifier bridge (ZD1).

3. The modular motor speed control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-voltage to low-voltage module (200) converts 310V high voltage to 15V low voltage, including a multi-stage filter circuit (C9, C10, C11) and a Zener diode (D6), which is connected in parallel between the 15V output terminal and ground.

4. The modular motor speed control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The signal processing module (300) includes PWM speed control interfaces (CN2, CN4) and optocoupler isolation elements (U2, U3). The PWM speed control interfaces (CN2, CN4) are used to receive external PWM signals, and the optocoupler isolation elements (U2, U3) are disposed between the high-voltage circuit and the low-voltage control circuit.

5. The modular motor speed control circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that, The PWM speed control interface (CN2) is an MCU PWM interface, and the PWM speed control interface (CN4) is a potentiometer speed control interface. The potentiometer speed control interface (CN4) is connected to the potentiometer (RP1).

6. The modular motor speed control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protection module (500) includes a varistor (RV1) and a fuse (FU1). The varistor (RV1) is connected in parallel to the input terminal of the power input module, and the fuse (FU1) is connected in series in the power input circuit.

7. The modular motor speed control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The motor drive interface module (400) includes at least three interfaces (CN1, CN2, CN4). The interfaces (CN1, CN2) are used to connect to a 310V power supply, GND and a 15V power supply, and the interface (CN4) is used to connect to a potentiometer speed control signal.

8. The modular motor speed control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an EMC suppression module, which includes X2 capacitors (C3, C4) and a common-mode inductor (L2). The X2 capacitors (C3, C4) are connected in parallel in the power input circuit, and the common-mode inductor (L2) is connected in series in the power input circuit.

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