Microorganism particle immobilization water pretreatment device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of microbial granular immobilization water supply pretreatment device, it is related to water treatment technical field, including reactor main body, the upper portion of the reactor main body is provided with backflow port and water outlet, lower portion is provided with water inlet;The inside of reactor main body is sequentially provided with water distribution device, support layer, activated carbon layer from bottom to top;Raw water enters reactor main body from water inlet, when flowing through activated carbon layer, biological in raw water is attached on activated carbon particle of activated carbon layer, biological granular layer is formed above activated carbon layer, supernatant layer is formed above biological granular layer;The device realizes under the action of hydraulic control and biological aggregation growth core, induces to form biological granule, realizes the granulation of microorganism in water, forms biological granular fluidized bed under hydraulic condition, substantially improves the biomass density of unit volume, fully plays biological effect, improves the degradation efficiency of pollutant.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of water treatment technology, specifically relating to a microbial particle immobilization water pretreatment device. Background Technology

[0002] The statements herein provide only background information related to this invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] Biological pretreatment involves installing a biological treatment unit upstream of conventional water purification processes. Through the metabolic activities of the biological community, organic matter, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, and reducing pollutants such as iron and manganese are initially removed from the water. Biological pretreatment of source water can improve the coagulation and sedimentation properties of the raw water, reducing the load on subsequent conventional treatment processes, and also remove biodegradable organic matter from the water, reducing the possibility of bacterial regrowth in the water distribution network.

[0004] Currently, commonly used biological pretreatment devices mainly include biological contact oxidation devices, aerated biological filters, and suspended fluidized beds. Biological contact oxidation devices are widely used in engineering and are suitable for treating high-concentration micro-polluting water sources. However, they suffer from problems such as poor mass transfer, poor ammonia nitrogen treatment, long hydraulic retention time, smooth filter media surface making biofilm formation difficult, easy biofilm aging, and difficulty in biofilm detachment during backwashing. Aerated biological filters utilize the biofilm on the filter media to rapidly purify raw water. Due to their good filtration performance, they can remove COD, ammonia nitrogen, and suspended solids. However, their application is limited by the need for frequent backwashing due to clogging problems, and the biofilm needs a certain period of recovery after backwashing. Suspended packing fluidized beds have the characteristics of large specific surface area of ​​the packing, good reaction morphology, high oxygen utilization rate, and easy biofilm clogging. However, the suspended packing is prone to the growth of shellfish, causing the packing to sink into dead corners. During air flotation, the suspended packing tends to accumulate together, resulting in an anaerobic state, causing the biofilm to turn black, which is not conducive to nitrification. In addition, the packing is easily worn down during fluidization, the water volume required to reach the fluidization state is relatively high, and the cost of replenishing and replacing the packing and the operating cost are high. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a microbial particle immobilization water pretreatment device. By inducing the microorganisms through the activated carbon layer, the device immobilizes the microorganisms into particles for pretreatment of drinking water. This significantly increases the biomass density per unit volume, fully utilizes biological action, and improves the degradation efficiency of pollutants.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model is implemented through the following technical solution: In a first aspect, embodiments of this utility model provide a microbial particle immobilization water pretreatment device, including a reactor body. The upper part of the reactor body is provided with a reflux port and an outlet, and the lower part is provided with an inlet. Inside the reactor body, from bottom to top, a water distribution device, a support layer, and an activated carbon layer are arranged in sequence. Raw water enters the reactor body from the inlet. When it flows through the activated carbon layer, the organisms in the raw water attach to the activated carbon particles of the activated carbon layer, forming a biological particle layer above the activated carbon layer, and a supernatant layer is formed above the biological particle layer.

[0007] As a further technical solution, the water inlet is connected to the water inlet pipe, the water inlet pipe is equipped with a water inlet filter device, and the return port is connected to the water inlet pipe through a pipeline.

[0008] As a further technical solution, the pipeline connecting the return port and the inlet pipe is equipped with a valve, a water pump, a flow meter, and a check valve.

[0009] As a further technical solution, the water inlet filtration device adopts a basket-type or bag-type self-cleaning filter with a filtration size of not less than 100 mesh.

[0010] As a further technical solution, the activated carbon layer is made of coal or coconut shell carbon, the particle size of the activated carbon is 0.3-0.5 mm, and the height of the activated carbon layer is 0.5-1.0 m.

[0011] As a further technical solution, a perforated sludge discharge pipe is provided between the activated carbon layer and the biological particle layer.

[0012] As a further technical solution, the particle size of the biological particle layer is 0.3-2.5 mm, the height of the biological particle layer is 1.0-1.5 m, and the height of the supernatant layer is 2.0-2.5 m.

[0013] As a further technical solution, the height of the outlet is greater than the height of the return outlet.

[0014] As a further technical solution, the support layer is made of multi-layer graded pebbles, and the thickness of the support layer is 0.3 to 0.5 m.

[0015] As a further technical solution, the water distribution device adopts a porous load-bearing structure, which is made of stainless steel or precast steel-concrete composite.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the above-described embodiments of this utility model are as follows: The microbial particle immobilization water pretreatment device provided by this utility model uses an activated carbon layer to immobilize microorganisms into particles for pretreatment of drinking water. Compared with conventional water purification processes, it utilizes the action of microorganisms to preferentially remove organic matter and ammonia nitrogen from the water, optimizing the treatment environment and prerequisites for subsequent processes such as coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection. The reactor contains free microorganisms, biofilm-immobilized microorganisms, and microorganisms immobilized in biological particles, featuring high biological load and low biological loss. This improves the degradation efficiency of organic matter and ammonia nitrogen in raw water by conventional biological treatment methods, oxidizes and adsorbs reducing substances such as iron and manganese, and has low treatment costs and stable treatment effects.

[0017] The microbial particle immobilization water pretreatment device provided by this utility model connects the reflux port to the inlet pipe through a pipeline. The reflux liquid is mixed with the raw water and then enters the reactor body. By adjusting the reflux ratio, the upward flow velocity within the reactor body is controlled to ensure that the biological particles are in a critical fluidized state and are not lost. The reflux liquid carries dissolved oxygen and undegraded pollutants back into the reactor, further improving COD removal efficiency. Furthermore, when the pollutant concentration in the raw water changes abruptly, increasing the reflux ratio can dilute the inlet water load, preventing microbial poisoning and ensuring stable system operation.

[0018] The microbial particle immobilization water pretreatment device provided by this utility model has a perforated sludge discharge pipe installed between the activated carbon layer and the biological particle layer. The continuously growing and aging large-diameter biological particles are discharged through the sludge discharge pipe, ensuring the activity of the biological particle layer. At the same time, timely discharge of dense particles at the bottom of the biological particle layer prevents blockage of the water flow channels and avoids bed compaction.

[0019] The microbial particle immobilization water pretreatment device provided by this utility model uses an activated carbon layer as the reactor's start-up layer. Activated carbon has a large surface area, high porosity, and large adsorption capacity. Its rough surface is conducive to the attachment and growth of microorganisms. At the same time, the incoming water first comes into contact with the activated carbon, which can adsorb and enrich the organic matter in the water, increase the local organic matter concentration, and provide a high substrate environment for the microorganisms attached and growing on the activated carbon, promoting the growth of microorganisms and the degradation of pollutants. Meanwhile, the activated carbon serves as the core for the aggregation and growth of microorganisms. Microorganisms in the water continuously attach, grow, and reproduce on its surface, forming biological particles. The biological particles are dense and have a high biological carrying capacity, which can continuously biodegrade pollutants in the water. For the upper biological particle layer, activated carbon also plays a role in secondary water distribution, resulting in a more uniform hydraulic distribution and solving the problem of easy caking at the bottom of conventional biological particle beds. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification, are used to provide a further understanding of this utility model. The illustrative embodiments of this utility model and their descriptions are used to explain this utility model and do not constitute an improper limitation of this utility model.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the microbial particle immobilization water pretreatment device of this utility model.

[0022] The diagram is for illustrative purposes only. The components include: 1. Inlet water filtration device; 2. Water pump; 3. Check valve; 4. Valve; 5. Reactor body; 6. Water distribution device; 7. Support layer; 8. Activated carbon layer; 9. Biological granule layer; 10. Sludge discharge pipe; 11. Water outlet. Detailed Implementation

[0023] It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0024] Example 1 In a typical embodiment of this utility model, such as Figure 1 As shown, a microbial particle immobilization water pretreatment device is provided, including a reactor body 5. The upper part of the reactor body 5 is provided with a reflux port and an outlet 11, and the lower part is provided with an inlet. The interior of the reactor body 5 is provided with a water distribution device 6, a support layer 7, and an activated carbon layer 8 from bottom to top. Raw water enters the reactor body 5 from the inlet. When it flows through the activated carbon layer 8, the organisms in the raw water attach to the activated carbon particles of the activated carbon layer 8, forming a biological particle layer 9 above the activated carbon layer 8, and a supernatant layer is formed above the biological particle layer 9.

[0025] In the aforementioned device, the activated carbon layer 8 uses activated carbon as an attachment point for microorganisms. The high specific surface area and rough surface of the activated carbon strongly adsorb organic matter in the raw water and enrich microorganisms, providing "growth nuclei" for microorganisms to form biological particles. Because the density of biological particles is lower than that of activated carbon, they can be stably suspended above the activated carbon layer 8 in the rising water flow, forming a biological particle layer 9. Above the biological particle layer 9 is a supernatant layer, which serves as a particle renewal zone, used to settle small-diameter biological particles. The aggregation of small-diameter biological particles with plankton gradually forms large-diameter biological particles, which then sink to the biological particle layer 9. This device achieves the induction of biological particle formation under hydraulic control and the action of biological aggregation and growth nuclei, realizing the granulation of microorganisms in the water, forming a biological particle fluidized bed under hydraulic conditions, significantly increasing the biomass density per unit volume, fully utilizing biological action, and improving the degradation efficiency of pollutants.

[0026] In this embodiment, the inlet is connected to the inlet pipe, and an inlet filter device 1 is installed on the inlet pipe. The return outlet is connected to the inlet pipe via a pipeline. The return liquid is mixed with the raw water and then enters the reactor body 5. The upward flow velocity within the reactor body 5 is controlled by adjusting the return ratio to ensure that the biological particles are in a critical fluidized state and are not lost. The return liquid carries dissolved oxygen and undegraded pollutants back into the reactor, further improving the COD removal efficiency. Additionally, when the concentration of pollutants in the raw water changes abruptly, increasing the return ratio can dilute the inlet load, prevent microbial poisoning, and ensure stable system operation.

[0027] Furthermore, the pipeline connecting the return port to the inlet pipe is equipped with a valve 4, a water pump 2, a flow meter, and a check valve 3. The water pump 2 provides power for the return process, the flow meter monitors the return flow in real time and adjusts it in conjunction with the valve 4, and the check valve 3 prevents backflow.

[0028] In this embodiment, the water inlet filtration device 1 is a basket-type or bag-type self-cleaning filter with a filter size of not less than 100 mesh. It is used to remove impurities such as sand and shells from the raw water and prevent clogging of the pores of the water distribution device 6.

[0029] In this embodiment, the activated carbon layer 8 is made of coal or coconut shell charcoal, with a particle size of 0.3–0.5 mm and a height of 0.5–1.0 m. Within this particle size range, the activated carbon adsorbs organic matter, forming a "nutrient-rich microenvironment" that increases the rate of microbial proliferation. Furthermore, the abrasion and breakage of the activated carbon during fluidization acts as nuclei for biological particles, accelerating the granulation process. Limiting the height of the activated carbon layer 8 ensures hydraulic retention time while preventing short-circuiting of the water flow due to excessive carbon height.

[0030] In this embodiment, a perforated sludge discharge pipe 10 is provided between the activated carbon layer 8 and the biological particle layer 9. The sludge discharge pipe 10 discharges the continuously growing, aging, large-diameter biological particles, ensuring the activity of the biological particle layer 9. At the same time, by timely discharging the dense particles at the bottom of the biological particle layer 9, the water flow channels are prevented from being blocked, and bed caking is avoided.

[0031] In this embodiment, the particle size of the biological particle layer 9 is 0.3–2.5 mm, and the height of the biological particle layer 9 is 1.0–1.5 m. The height range of the biological particle layer 9 ensures the hydraulic retention time to improve the COD removal efficiency, and provides sufficient growth space for smaller biological particles to achieve particle classification and renewal, while larger biological particles are discharged in a timely manner through the sludge discharge pipe 10 to ensure the activity of the biological particle layer 9.

[0032] In this embodiment, the height of the outlet 11 is greater than the height of the return outlet. The high-level outlet 11 ensures that only the clarified water with the lowest density is collected, and the biological particles are trapped in the reactor due to gravity settling. The low-level return outlet draws out the effluent containing trace amounts of biological flocs, which both replenishes the microbial source and prevents large particles from clogging the pipes. A water collection device is installed at the top of the supernatant layer, which can be in the form of a water collection tank or a water collection pipe. The effluent is collected by the water collection device and discharged from the reactor body through the outlet 11.

[0033] In this embodiment, the support layer 7 is made of multi-layer graded pebbles, and the thickness of the support layer 7 is 0.3-0.5 μm. The support layer 7 mainly serves to further uniformly distribute water and support the upper packing material, while preventing the upper fine activated carbon particles from leaking down and clogging the water distribution holes.

[0034] In this embodiment, the water distribution device 6 adopts a porous load-bearing structure, which is made of stainless steel or precast reinforced concrete. It is understood that the water distribution device 6 is spaced a set distance from the bottom of the reactor body, and the height of the water inlet on the reactor body 5 is lower than that of the water distribution device 6. The water distribution device 6 not only serves to distribute water evenly but also provides support for the support layer 7, etc.

[0035] In this embodiment, the reactor body 5 is circular or square, and is made of stainless steel or steel-concrete structure. The total height of the reactor is not less than 6.0m.

[0036] The working principle of the microbial particle immobilization water pretreatment device provided in this embodiment is as follows: The raw water to be treated enters the reactor body 5 through the inlet. After being evenly distributed by the water distribution device 6 and the support layer 7, it comes into contact with the activated carbon particles in the activated carbon layer 8. The activated carbon particles can adsorb and enrich the organic matter in the water, increasing the local organic matter concentration and providing a higher substrate environment for microorganisms attached and growing on the activated carbon, promoting microbial growth and pollutant degradation. At the same time, the activated carbon particles serve as the core for microbial aggregation and growth, and microorganisms in the water continuously attach, grow, and reproduce on their surface, forming bioparticles. The bioparticles are dense and have a high biomass loading, which can continuously biodegrade pollutants in the water. Because the density of the bioparticles is lower than that of the activated carbon, the bioparticle layer 9 is always above the activated carbon layer 8 under the action of the rising water flow. The particle size of the bioparticles in the bioparticle layer 9 increases from top to bottom, and a supernatant layer is formed at the top of the bioparticle layer 9. The treated water is discharged from the reactor body 5 through the outlet 11. During the operation of the device, part of the effluent is returned through the return port, mixed with the raw water, and then enters the reactor body 5 through the inlet.

[0037] The specific formation process of the bioparticle layer 9 is as follows: In the initial stage of reactor body 5 startup, microorganisms in the raw water mainly use fine activated carbon particles as the core for biological aggregation and growth. After a period of operation, the microorganisms attached to and growing on the activated carbon particles gradually form a biofilm. The biofilm on the activated carbon particles also acts as crystal nuclei after being rubbed off during fluidization, accelerating the formation of bioparticles. When the thickness of the bioparticle layer 9 reaches 1.5–2.0 m, large-diameter bioparticles at the bottom are intermittently discharged to maintain the stability of the bioparticle layer 9 thickness. The startup cycle of reactor body 5 is 30–45 days.

[0038] The device provided in this embodiment can immobilize microbial communities with different characteristics within the same reactor, resulting in a rich variety of microbial species. First, microorganisms in the raw water attach to the surface of activated carbon particles and enter the macropores of the activated carbon particles. Compared with artificially cultured microorganisms, the microorganisms in the raw water have higher biological activity and are more targeted at removing natural organic pollutants. Activated carbon particles can adsorb natural organic matter from the raw water onto their surface and into their pores. Therefore, bacteria in the raw water can accumulate on the particle surface, efficiently degrading organic matter. Second, under the action of the nutrient substrate, microorganisms proliferate rapidly, enriching nitrifying bacteria and forming new biofilms, which can rapidly degrade substances such as ammonia nitrogen. Under hydraulic action, the particles rub and collide with each other, and the aging biofilm detaches at any time, resulting in rapid biofilm renewal and maintaining a stable high removal rate.

[0039] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A microbial particle immobilization water pretreatment device, characterized in that, The reactor includes a main body, with a reflux port and an outlet at the top and an inlet at the bottom. Inside the main body, from bottom to top, there are a water distribution device, a support layer, and an activated carbon layer. Raw water enters the main body through the inlet and flows through the activated carbon layer. The organisms in the raw water attach to the activated carbon particles in the activated carbon layer, forming a biological particle layer above the activated carbon layer, and a supernatant layer above the biological particle layer.

2. The microbial particle immobilization water pretreatment device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The water inlet is connected to the water inlet pipe, and a water inlet filter device is installed on the water inlet pipe. The return port is connected to the water inlet pipe through a pipeline.

3. The microbial particle immobilization water pretreatment device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The pipeline connecting the return port to the inlet pipe is equipped with valves, a water pump, a flow meter, and a check valve.

4. The microbial particle immobilization water pretreatment device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The water inlet filtration device adopts a basket or bag self-cleaning filter with a filtration size of not less than 100 mesh.

5. The microbial particle immobilization water pretreatment device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The activated carbon layer is made of coal or coconut shell carbon, with a particle size of 0.3-0.5 mm and a height of 0.5-1.0 m.

6. The microbial particle immobilization water pretreatment device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A perforated sludge discharge pipe is installed between the activated carbon layer and the bio-particle layer.

7. The microbial particle immobilization water pretreatment device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The biological particle layer has a particle size of 0.3–2.5 mm, a height of 1.0–1.5 m, and a height of 2.0–2.5 m for the supernatant layer.

8. The microbial particle immobilization water pretreatment device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The height of the outlet is greater than the height of the return outlet.

9. The microbial particle immobilization water pretreatment device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The supporting layer is made of multi-layer graded pebbles, and the thickness of the supporting layer is 0.3 to 0.5 m.

10. The microbial particle immobilization water pretreatment device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The water distribution device adopts a porous load-bearing structure and is made of stainless steel or precast steel-concrete composite.

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