Negative pressure type intelligent dust collection box

Abstract

The utility model relates to industrial dust treatment equipment technical field, concretely relates to a negative pressure type intelligent dust collecting box, including dust collecting box body, still include negative pressure dust suction subassembly, dust monitoring mechanism and control mechanism, negative pressure dust suction subassembly contain negative pressure fan, air inlet pipeline and dust filter screen, realize dust suction, dust monitoring mechanism is by first controller, weight sensor, dust receiving plate and first communication module constitute, gather the weight data of dust receiving plate and total weight of dust, control mechanism contains second controller, second communication module, alarm module and hydraulic compression component, is responsible for compression control and alarm, when weight data reaches first compression weight threshold value, second controller closes fan and starts compression, reaches second compression weight threshold value, stops compression and updates first compression weight threshold value, reaches cleaning alarm weight threshold value and triggers sound light alarm. This dust collecting box can automatically collect dust, monitor and compress, prolongs cleaning cycle, reduces manual intervention, avoids dust backflow and secondary pollution.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of industrial dust treatment equipment, specifically to a negative pressure intelligent dust collection box. Background Technology

[0002] In workshops such as machining and building materials production, the production process generates a large amount of dust, mostly consisting of solid particles (such as metal shavings from machining, cement particles from building materials production, and rock powder from crushed ores). These particles have large gaps between them and high bulkiness, occupying a significant amount of space when accumulated. If not collected promptly, this can easily lead to deterioration of workshop air quality, endangering the health of operators. Furthermore, dust accumulation can also cause equipment malfunctions or safety hazards. Currently, the commonly used dust collection equipment in workshops is a negative pressure fan-type dust collection box, which uses the suction force generated by a negative pressure fan to draw dust into the collection box for collection.

[0003] However, existing negative pressure fan-type dust collection boxes have the following shortcomings: First, they only have dust collection functions and lack a compression mechanism. The dust accumulates in a loose state inside the box, taking up a large space. Cleaning is typically required every 2-3 days, which not only affects production efficiency but also increases the workload of operators. Second, the dust level inside the box relies on manual observation or periodic inspections, easily leading to problems such as "dust overflow due to untimely cleaning" or "resource waste due to premature cleaning." Third, manual cleaning requires opening the dust collection box, which can cause dust to fly around and cause secondary pollution, further deteriorating the workshop environment. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a negative pressure fan-type dust collection box that can automatically monitor dust levels and automatically compress dust volume to solve the above problems. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this utility model aims to provide a negative pressure intelligent dust collection box to solve the technical problems of rapid dust accumulation, frequent cleaning, and heavy reliance on manual labor in existing dust collection boxes. It achieves automatic dust collection, automatic monitoring, and automatic compression, extends the cleaning cycle, and reduces manual intervention.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the basic solution provided by this utility model is: a negative pressure intelligent dust collection box, including a dust collection box body, a negative pressure dust collection component, a dust monitoring mechanism and a control mechanism; The negative pressure dust collection assembly includes a negative pressure fan, an air inlet duct, and a dust filter. One end of the air inlet duct is connected to the dust source in the workshop, and the other end passes through the side wall of the dust collection box and extends into the box. The dust filter is fixed at the port of the air inlet duct located inside the box. The negative pressure fan is connected to the air inlet duct through a bypass branch pipe, which is located on the side of the air inlet duct near the dust collection box. The dust monitoring mechanism includes a first controller, a weight sensor, a dust collection plate, and a first communication module. The dust collection plate is horizontally arranged inside the dust collection box. The weight sensor is fixed to the bottom of the dust collection box and its detection end abuts against the lower end face of the dust collection plate for collecting weight data. The first controller is electrically connected to the weight sensor and the first communication module. The control mechanism includes a second controller, a second communication module, an alarm module, and a hydraulic compression assembly. The hydraulic compression assembly includes a hydraulic cylinder, a pressing plate, and a hydraulic pump. The hydraulic cylinder is vertically fixed to the top center of the outer side of the dust collection box body. The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder passes through the top wall of the dust collection box body and extends into the box. The pressing plate is horizontally fixed to the end of the piston rod and slides against the inner wall of the dust collection box body. The hydraulic pump is located on the outside of the dust collection box body and is connected to the hydraulic cylinder through an oil pipe. The second controller is electrically connected to the second communication module, the negative pressure fan, the hydraulic pump, and the alarm module. The alarm module includes a buzzer and a warning light, both of which are installed on the outer wall of the dust collection box. The dust monitoring mechanism and the control mechanism communicate with each other through the first and second communication modules. The first controller receives weight data sent by the weight sensor and transmits it to the second controller via the first communication module and the second communication module. The second controller has preset a first compression weight threshold, a second compression weight threshold, and a cleaning alarm weight threshold. The second controller generates a control signal based on the comparison result of the weight data with the first compression weight threshold and the second compression weight threshold to control the start and stop of the negative pressure fan and the operation of the hydraulic pump to achieve dust collection and compression. The second controller also generates a control signal based on the comparison result of the weight data with the cleaning alarm weight threshold to control the start and stop of the buzzer and warning light to remind staff to clean in a timely manner.

[0006] The principle of this basic scheme is as follows: the weight data collected by the weight sensor is the total weight of the dust collection plate plus the dust in the box. Therefore, four key parameters are preset through the second controller: 1. First compression weight threshold (e.g., the initial value is set to 15kg, which is the critical point of total weight when the first compression is started, corresponding to the initial accumulation of loose dust); 2. Compression weight increment (e.g., 5kg, which is the update increment of the first compression weight threshold after each compression, ensuring that each compression corresponds to a clear increase in dust); 3. Second compression weight threshold (based on the current first compression weight threshold plus a fixed pressure increment, e.g., if the fixed pressure increment is 1kg, then the initial value of the second compression weight threshold is set to 16kg); 4. Cleaning alarm weight threshold (e.g., 40kg, reserving a safety redundancy between the upper limit of the weight sensor range). After the equipment is started, the second controller sends a working signal to the negative pressure fan. The negative pressure fan operates, generating negative pressure suction. The fan is connected to the external section of the inlet duct via a bypass branch pipe. During operation, it draws in some air from the duct, creating a directional negative pressure gradient from the dust source end to the dust collection box end within the main inlet duct. Since most workshop dust consists of solid particles, their density and mass are much greater than air, meaning their inertia is much greater than air molecules. Therefore, driven by the negative pressure gradient, the dust in the production workshop flows sequentially along the positive path from the dust source, through the external section of the inlet duct, to the internal section of the inlet duct box. Because the dust filter is fixed to the internal port of the inlet duct box, i.e., fixed to… At the outlet end of the air inlet duct, and with a filter screen aperture adapted to common dust particles in the workshop (pore size slightly larger than the dust diameter), dust can smoothly pass through the filter screen pores and enter the dust collection box body under the push of negative pressure suction, falling onto the dust collection plate, and will not be blocked by the filter screen in the duct; at the same time, the dustproof filter screen can intercept the reverse flow of dust: when the negative pressure fan stops working (such as when the dust reaches the first compression weight threshold) or the hydraulic compression component starts (the extrusion plate presses down, causing the local air pressure in the box to rise), dust is prone to flow back from the box body to the air inlet duct or the negative pressure fan. At this time, the filter screen acts as a barrier at the outlet end of the duct, which can physically block the reverse dust and prevent it from clogging the duct or damaging the fan; As dust is collected and falls onto the dust collection plate, a weight sensor collects weight data and sends it to the first controller. The first controller transmits the weight data to the second controller via a communication connection between the first and second communication modules. When the weight data reaches the initial value of the first compression weight threshold (e.g., 15 kg), the second controller first shuts down the negative pressure fan (to prevent new dust from entering), then starts the hydraulic pump. The hydraulic pump supplies oil to the hydraulic cylinder through oil pipes, and the piston rod pushes the extrusion plate downward to compress the loose dust. When the extrusion plate compresses the loose dust, the weight data stabilizes at around 15 kg (the dust volume decreases but the total weight remains unchanged) until the dust is completely compacted. The pressure from the extrusion plate is transmitted to the dust collection plate, and the weight data gradually increases to the second compression weight threshold (e.g., 16kg). When the second compression weight threshold is reached, the second controller determines that compression is complete, shuts down the hydraulic pump, and drives the extrusion plate to reset. After resetting, the pressure disappears, and the collected weight data returns to 15kg. At this time, the second controller updates the first compression weight threshold to the current first compression weight threshold plus the compression weight increment (e.g., 15kg + 5kg = 20kg), and calculates a new second compression weight threshold based on the updated first compression weight threshold (e.g., 20kg + 1kg = 21kg). Then, the negative pressure fan is restarted to begin the next round of dust collection. As more dust accumulates, when the weight data reaches the updated first compression weight threshold (20kg), the compression process is repeated. After compression, the first compression weight threshold is updated again (e.g., 20kg + 5kg = 25kg), and so on. When the collected weight data reaches the cleaning alarm weight threshold (e.g., 40kg), the second controller activates the alarm module, the buzzer sounds and the warning light flashes, prompting the staff to clean. After cleaning, the first and second compression weight thresholds are restored to their initial state (e.g., 15kg and 16kg) through a reset operation, and the cycle of dust collection, compression and updating restarts.

[0007] The beneficial effects of this basic solution are as follows: Automatic compression compacts loose dust, extending the cleaning cycle, reducing downtime, and improving production efficiency; the design of weight sensors and dust collection plates automatically monitors weight data, replacing manual inspections and preventing dust overflow or premature cleaning, thus reducing reliance on manual labor; the dust filter installed at the port (i.e., air inlet / outlet) of the duct box, with its suitable pore size and negative pressure, ensures positive dust entry while intercepting reverse backflow, guaranteeing dust collection efficiency and protecting the air inlet duct and negative pressure fan, preventing equipment blockage or damage; the entire process is automatically controlled, with the initial value of the first compression weight threshold and the compression weight increment flexibly set according to the workshop's dust production without adjusting the hardware structure, adapting to the dust handling needs of different industrial scenarios, reducing operator contact with dust (especially solid particulate dust), and lowering health risks.

[0008] Furthermore, the dust filter is a detachable metal filter, and an electromagnetic valve is also installed on the air inlet duct, which is electrically connected to the second controller. The detachable metal filter facilitates regular cleaning or replacement, preventing filter clogging from affecting dust collection efficiency after long-term use. The metal material is also wear-resistant and has a long service life. The electromagnetic valve is designed to close before the second controller starts hydraulic compression, creating a double seal between the electromagnetic valve and the dust filter. This prevents dust from flowing back into the workshop from the air inlet duct during compression, completely eliminating secondary pollution.

[0009] Furthermore, the hydraulic compression assembly also includes guide columns. Four guide columns are vertically fixed to the four corners of the top of the dust collection box body. The extrusion plate has guide holes at its four corners that mate with the guide columns. The guide columns pass through the guide holes and slide in cooperation with the extrusion plate. The guide columns limit the movement trajectory of the extrusion plate, preventing it from shifting or tilting due to uneven force, ensuring the extrusion plate is parallel to the dust collection plate, and improving the uniformity of dust compression. Simultaneously, they prevent the hydraulic cylinder piston rod from bending under lateral forces, extending the service life of the hydraulic cylinder and reducing maintenance costs.

[0010] Furthermore, a cleaning door is provided on the lower side wall of the dust collection box body. One side of the cleaning door is rotatably connected to the dust collection box body via a hinge, and the other side is detachably connected to the dust collection box body via a snap fastener. A sealing strip is provided on the contact surface between the cleaning door and the dust collection box body. The cleaning door's location on the lower side wall allows operators to directly open and remove dust blocks without disassembling other parts, simplifying the cleaning process. The snap fastener design facilitates quick opening and closing, improving cleaning efficiency. The sealing strip fills the gap between the door and the box body, ensuring no dust leakage during suction and compression, and maintaining a clean workshop environment.

[0011] Furthermore, the first controller has a built-in timing module, which is used to preset the detection cycle of the weight sensor. The first controller adjusts the detection frequency of the weight sensor according to the system operating mode. The system operating mode includes a monitoring mode and a compression mode. In monitoring mode, the weight sensor collects weight data according to the preset detection cycle; in compression mode, the weight sensor collects weight data in real time. The periodic detection in monitoring mode (e.g., every 10 minutes) avoids energy waste and lifespan loss caused by continuous operation of the weight sensor; the real-time detection in compression mode can accurately reflect the dust compression status, ensuring timely stopping of compression and avoiding equipment overload. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a logic block diagram of an embodiment of a negative pressure intelligent dust collection box according to the present invention.

[0013] Figure 2 This is a front sectional view of an embodiment of a negative pressure intelligent dust collection box according to the present invention.

[0014] Figure 3 This is a left view of an embodiment of a negative pressure intelligent dust collection box according to this utility model.

[0015] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings of the instruction manual include: 1. Dust collection box body; 2. Cleaning door; 3. Dust collection plate; 4. Negative pressure fan; 5. Air inlet duct; 6. Dust filter; 7. Electromagnetic valve; 8. Weight sensor; 9. Hydraulic cylinder; 10. Piston rod; 11. Hydraulic pump; 12. Extrusion plate; 13. Guide column; 14. Buzzer; 15. Warning light; 16. Workshop exhaust hood. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation method: The basic implementation examples are as follows: Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a negative pressure intelligent dust collection box includes a dust collection box body 1, and also includes a negative pressure dust collection component, a dust monitoring mechanism and a control mechanism; The negative pressure dust collection assembly includes a negative pressure fan 4, an air inlet duct 5, and a dust filter 6. One end of the air inlet duct 5 is connected to the dust source in the workshop, and the other end passes through the side wall of the dust collection box body 1 and extends into the box. The dust filter 6 is fixed at the port of the air inlet duct 5 located inside the box. The negative pressure fan 4 is connected to the air inlet duct 5 through a bypass branch pipe, which is located on the side of the air inlet duct 5 near the dust collection box body 1. The dust monitoring mechanism includes a first controller, a weight sensor 8, a dust-collecting plate 3, and a first communication module. The dust-collecting plate 3 is horizontally arranged inside the dust collection box body 1. The weight sensor 8 is fixed to the bottom of the dust collection box body 1 and its detection end abuts against the lower end face of the dust-collecting plate 3 for collecting weight data. The first controller is electrically connected to the weight sensor 8 and the first communication module respectively. The control mechanism includes a second controller, a second communication module, an alarm module, and a hydraulic compression assembly. The hydraulic compression assembly includes a hydraulic cylinder 9, a pressing plate 12, and a hydraulic pump 11. The hydraulic cylinder 9 is vertically fixed to the top center of the outer side of the dust collection box body 1. The piston rod 10 of the hydraulic cylinder 9 passes through the top wall of the dust collection box body 1 and extends into the box. The pressing plate 12 is horizontally fixed to the end of the piston rod 10 and slides in cooperation with the inner wall of the dust collection box body 1. The hydraulic pump 11 is located on the outside of the dust collection box body 1 and is connected to the hydraulic cylinder 9 through an oil pipe. The second controller is electrically connected to the second communication module, the negative pressure fan 4, the hydraulic pump 11, and the alarm module. The alarm module includes a buzzer 14 and a warning light 15, both of which are installed on the outer wall of the dust collection box body 1. The dust monitoring mechanism and the control mechanism are connected through the first and second communication modules. The first controller receives weight data sent by the weight sensor 8 and transmits it to the second controller via the first communication module and the second communication module. The second controller has preset a first compression weight threshold, a second compression weight threshold, and a cleaning alarm weight threshold. The second controller generates a control signal based on the comparison result between the weight data and the first compression weight threshold and the second compression weight threshold, and controls the negative pressure fan 4 to start and stop and the hydraulic pump 11 to work, so as to realize dust collection and compression. The second controller generates a control signal based on the comparison result between the weight data and the cleaning alarm weight threshold, and controls the buzzer 14 and the warning light 15 to start and stop, so as to remind the staff to clean in time.

[0017] The dust filter 6 is a detachable metal filter, and the air inlet duct 5 is also equipped with an electromagnetic valve 7, which is electrically connected to the second controller.

[0018] The hydraulic compression assembly also includes guide posts 13. There are four guide posts 13, which are vertically fixed at the four corners of the top of the dust collection box body 1. The four corners of the extrusion plate 12 are provided with guide holes that are adapted to the guide posts 13. The guide posts 13 pass through the guide holes and slide in cooperation with the extrusion plate 12.

[0019] A cleaning door 2 is provided on the lower side wall of the dust collection box body 1. One side of the cleaning door 2 is rotatably connected to the dust collection box body 1 via a hinge, and the other side is detachably connected to the dust collection box body 1 via a buckle. A sealing strip is provided on the contact surface between the cleaning door 2 and the dust collection box body 1.

[0020] The first controller has a built-in timing module, which is used to preset the detection cycle of the weight sensor 8. The first controller adjusts the detection frequency of the weight sensor 8 according to the system working mode. The system working mode includes a monitoring mode and a compression mode. In the monitoring mode, the weight sensor 8 collects weight data according to the preset detection cycle. In the compression mode, the weight sensor 8 collects weight data in real time.

[0021] In this embodiment, the dust collection box body 1 is a rectangular box made of Q235 carbon structural steel welded together. The box wall thickness is 8mm. The inner wall is treated with sandblasting to remove rust and then coated with an epoxy resin anti-rust layer to ensure that it will not rust during long-term use in the humid environment of the workshop, while also meeting the pressure resistance requirements during hydraulic compression.

[0022] In the negative pressure dust collection assembly, the negative pressure fan 4 is centrifugal. The bypass branch pipe is obliquely connected to the outer section of the air inlet duct 5 at a 30° angle, and the inner diameter of the bypass branch pipe is half the inner diameter of the outer section of the air inlet duct 5. The air inlet end of the bypass branch pipe is located on the upper half of the outer section of the air inlet duct 5 (solid dust particles tend to accumulate and settle in the lower half of the duct due to gravity, and the direct connection for air extraction avoids the dust settling area), further preventing dust from entering the bypass branch pipe; the air inlet duct 5 adopts... The PVC-U water supply pipe has a wall thickness of 5mm. Its connection end with the dust source in the workshop is sealed to the workshop exhaust hood 16 (diameter matching) through a PVC flange. The flange mating surface is padded with EPDM rubber gaskets to prevent dust leakage in the connection gap. The dust filter 6 is made of 304 stainless steel woven mesh with a pore size of 0.5mm. It is fixed to the inner port of the air inlet duct 5 by a buckle. The buckle is made of stainless steel. When disassembling, the filter can be removed by simply pressing the buckle spring, which is convenient for weekly cleaning or replacement.

[0023] In the dust monitoring mechanism, the first controller uses an STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller with a main frequency of 72MHz, featuring low power consumption and stable I / O port control capabilities. The first controller is located next to the weight sensor 8 and is electrically connected to it. The weight sensor 8 is a YZC-131 type resistance strain gauge weight sensor with a range of 0-50kg and an accuracy of 0.1kg. Its detection end is tightly abutted against the lower end face of the dust collection plate 3 via a stainless steel gasket. The dust collection plate 3 is made of 304 stainless steel plate with a thickness of 3mm and its dimensions are adapted to the inner cavity of the dust collection box body 1. The first communication module uses an ESP8266 WiFi module, which is electrically connected to the UART interface of the first controller via DuPont wires to achieve bidirectional data transmission. The timing module is the timer TIM2 built into the first controller. The detection cycle in the monitoring mode is set to 10 minutes through programming. The timer triggers an interrupt at the end of each cycle, and the first controller sends a collection command to the weight sensor 8. When switching to compression mode, the weight sensor 8 collects and transmits weight data to the second controller in real time.

[0024] In the control mechanism, the second controller also uses an STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller with a main frequency of 72MHz, featuring low power consumption and stable I / O port control capabilities. The second controller is located on the outer wall of the dust collection box body 1. The second communication module also uses an ESP8266 WiFi module. The first module and the second module establish a communication connection via WiFi to ensure that the transmission delay of the detection signal is less than 100ms. In the hydraulic compression assembly, the end of the piston rod 10 is fixedly connected to the extrusion plate 12 by an M8 hexagonal bolt. The extrusion plate 12 is made of the same material as the dust collection plate 3, and four guide holes with a diameter adapted to the guide post 13 are evenly opened on the plate surface. The hydraulic pump 11 is a VP-20 type variable vane pump with a rated working pressure of 10MPa. It is connected to the inlet and outlet of the hydraulic cylinder 9 through a high-pressure oil pipe. The oil pipe joint adopts a compression fitting connection to prevent high-pressure oil leakage. The guide post 13 is made of 45# steel and is vertically fixed to the dust collection box body by M12 bolts. The guide posts 13 at the top four corners of the body 1 are chrome-plated to reduce sliding friction with the guide holes of the extrusion plate 12 and prevent the extrusion plate 12 from jamming when it descends. In the alarm module, the buzzer 14 is a piezoelectric type with a rated voltage of 5V, which emits an intermittent "beep" sound (frequency 1Hz) when working. The warning light 15 is a red LED with a rated voltage of 12V. It focuses light through the lampshade and has a visibility distance of not less than 10m in the workshop lighting environment. It flashes at a frequency of 1Hz when the alarm is triggered. Both the buzzer 14 and the warning light 15 are fixed to the upper part of the outer wall of the dust collection box body 1 with bolts and are electrically connected to the IO port of the second controller. The second controller outputs a high level to trigger the operation.

[0025] The cleaning door 2 is rotatably connected to the box body on one side by a 304 stainless steel hinge (the hinge can rotate 180°), and is fastened to the box body on the other side by two stainless steel buckles, which are push-button quick-release buckles; nitrile rubber sealing strips are pasted on the contact surfaces of the cleaning door 2 and the box body to achieve a seal.

[0026] Preset threshold parameters: initial value of the first compression weight threshold is 15kg, compression weight increment is 5kg, fixed pressure increment is 1kg, cleaning alarm weight threshold is 40kg, and initial value of the second compression weight threshold is 16kg (calculated by adding the fixed pressure increment to the current first compression weight threshold).

[0027] The specific workflow of this embodiment is as follows: S1. Parameter initialization: After the device is powered on, the second controller automatically loads the preset parameters: first compression weight threshold 15kg, second compression weight threshold 16kg, and cleaning alarm weight threshold 40kg; the first controller receives the monitoring cycle instruction of 10 minutes issued by the second controller through the first communication module, the system enters the monitoring mode by default, the weight sensor 8 collects weight data at a cycle of 10 minutes / time, the negative pressure fan 4 starts, and the dust collection process begins.

[0028] S2. Initial Dust Collection and Compression: During the dust collection process, workshop dust is drawn into the dust collection box body 1 by the negative pressure fan 4 through the air inlet duct 5 and falls onto the dust collection plate 3. The weight sensor 8 collects weight data every 10 minutes. When the weight data reaches 15kg (the first compression weight threshold), the first controller transmits the data to the second controller through the communication module. After receiving the data, the second controller immediately sends a low-level signal to shut down the negative pressure fan 4 (to prevent new dust from entering). After a 10-second delay to ensure that the residual dust in the duct has completely fallen into the dust collection plate 3, compression is performed. The second controller sends a compression mode command to the first controller, and the system enters compression mode. The weight sensor 8 switches to real-time weight data collection. At the same time, the second controller starts the hydraulic pump 11 to pump water into the hydraulic cylinder. Oil is supplied to the rodless chamber 9, and the piston rod 10 pushes the extrusion plate 12 downwards at a constant speed along the inner wall of the chamber. When the weight data increases to 16kg (the second compression weight threshold), the second controller determines that the dust is compacted, immediately shuts off the hydraulic pump 11, controls the hydraulic pump 11 reversing valve to switch, and supplies oil to the rod chamber of the hydraulic cylinder 9. The extrusion plate 12 moves upwards to reset. After the extrusion plate 12 resets, the pressure disappears, and the weight data returns to 15kg. The second controller automatically updates the first compression weight threshold to the initial first compression weight threshold plus the compression weight increment, i.e., 15kg + 5kg = 20kg, and at the same time calculates the new second compression weight threshold, i.e., 20kg + 1kg = 21kg. Then the second controller restarts the negative pressure fan 4, the equipment returns to the monitoring mode, and the equipment restarts dust collection.

[0029] S3. Multi-round cyclic compression: As new dust continues to accumulate, when the weight data reaches 20kg (updated first compression weight threshold), the process of S2 is repeated. After compression, the first compression weight threshold is updated to 25kg, and the second compression weight threshold is updated to 26kg. The cycle continues, with the first and second compression weight thresholds being updated sequentially, until the collected weight data reaches 40kg (cleaning alarm weight threshold). At this time, the second controller triggers the alarm module while starting compression: the buzzer 14 emits an intermittent "beep" sound (frequency 1Hz), and the warning light 15 flashes red.

[0030] S4. Cleaning and Reset: After hearing or seeing the alarm, the staff stops the machine and rotates to open the cleaning door 2 at the lower side wall of the dust collection box 1, removes the dust and cleans it; after cleaning, the staff resets the system through the second controller. The second controller closes the alarm module and restores the first compression weight threshold and the second compression weight threshold to their initial values ​​(15kg, 16kg). The equipment restarts the negative pressure fan 4 and enters a new cycle of dust collection, compression and renewal.

[0031] The above are merely embodiments of this utility model. This utility model is not limited to the field covered by this embodiment. Commonly known structures and characteristics in the solution are not described in detail here. Those skilled in the art are aware of all common technical knowledge in the field prior to the application date or priority date, are able to access all existing technologies in that field, and have the ability to apply conventional experimental methods prior to that date. Those skilled in the art can, under the guidance of this application, improve and implement this solution in combination with their own capabilities. Some typical known structures or methods should not be obstacles for those skilled in the art to implement this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the structure of this utility model. These should also be considered within the scope of protection of this utility model, and will not affect the effectiveness of the implementation of this utility model or the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in this application should be determined by the content of its claims. The specific embodiments described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A negative pressure intelligent dust collection box, comprising a dust collection box body, characterized in that: It also includes negative pressure dust collection components, dust monitoring mechanisms, and control mechanisms; The negative pressure dust collection assembly includes a negative pressure fan, an air inlet duct, and a dust filter. One end of the air inlet duct is connected to the dust source in the workshop, and the other end passes through the side wall of the dust collection box and extends into the box. The dust filter is fixed at the port of the air inlet duct located inside the box. The negative pressure fan is connected to the air inlet duct through a bypass branch pipe, which is located on the side of the air inlet duct near the dust collection box. The dust monitoring mechanism includes a first controller, a weight sensor, a dust collection plate, and a first communication module. The dust collection plate is horizontally arranged inside the dust collection box. The weight sensor is fixed to the bottom of the dust collection box and its detection end abuts against the lower end face of the dust collection plate for collecting weight data. The first controller is electrically connected to the weight sensor and the first communication module. The control mechanism includes a second controller, a second communication module, an alarm module, and a hydraulic compression assembly. The hydraulic compression assembly includes a hydraulic cylinder, a pressing plate, and a hydraulic pump. The hydraulic cylinder is vertically fixed to the top center of the outer side of the dust collection box body. The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder passes through the top wall of the dust collection box body and extends into the box. The pressing plate is horizontally fixed to the end of the piston rod and slides against the inner wall of the dust collection box body. The hydraulic pump is located on the outside of the dust collection box body and is connected to the hydraulic cylinder through an oil pipe. The second controller is electrically connected to the second communication module, the negative pressure fan, the hydraulic pump, and the alarm module. The alarm module includes a buzzer and a warning light, both of which are installed on the outer wall of the dust collection box. The dust monitoring mechanism and the control mechanism communicate with each other through the first and second communication modules. The first controller receives weight data sent by the weight sensor and sends it to the second controller via the first communication module and the second communication module. The second controller is preset with a first compression weight threshold, a second compression weight threshold and a cleaning alarm weight threshold. The second controller generates a control signal based on the comparison results of the weight data with the first compression weight threshold and the second compression weight threshold, and controls the start and stop of the negative pressure fan and the operation of the hydraulic pump to achieve dust collection and compression; the second controller generates a control signal based on the comparison results of the weight data with the cleaning alarm weight threshold, and controls the start and stop of the buzzer and warning light to remind the staff to clean in time.

2. The negative pressure intelligent dust collection box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dust filter is a detachable metal filter, and the air inlet duct is also equipped with an electromagnetic valve, which is electrically connected to the second controller.

3. The negative pressure intelligent dust collection box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydraulic compression assembly also includes guide columns, which are provided in four places and are vertically fixed at the four corners of the top of the dust collection box body. The four corners of the extrusion plate are provided with guide holes that are adapted to the guide columns. The guide columns pass through the guide holes and slide in cooperation with the extrusion plate.

4. The negative pressure intelligent dust collection box according to claim 1, characterized in that: A cleaning door is provided on the lower side wall of the dust collection box body. One side of the cleaning door is rotatably connected to the dust collection box body via a hinge, and the other side is detachably connected to the dust collection box body via a buckle. A sealing strip is provided on the contact surface between the cleaning door and the dust collection box body.

5. The negative pressure intelligent dust collection box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first controller has a built-in timing module, which is used to preset the detection cycle of the weight sensor. The first controller adjusts the detection frequency of the weight sensor according to the system working mode. The system working mode includes a monitoring mode and a compression mode. In the monitoring mode, the weight sensor collects weight data according to the preset detection cycle. In the compression mode, the weight sensor collects weight data in real time.

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