A multi-prevention coal spontaneous combustion hopper car

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of coal transportation equipment especially, more prevent coal self -ignition's hopper car, include: hopper car body, cover cooling assembly and pipe body cooling assembly, negative pressure air extraction oxygen -reducing assembly and gas cooling assembly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of coal transportation equipment, and in particular to a hopper car with multiple layers of protection against spontaneous combustion of coal. Background Technology

[0002] In the coal transportation sector, hopper cars are a widely used transportation tool, originally designed to improve the efficiency of coal loading and unloading.

[0003] However, with the increase in coal transportation volume and the extension of transportation time, the problem of spontaneous combustion of coal during transportation has gradually become prominent. Spontaneous combustion of coal not only causes huge waste of resources, but also causes serious pollution to the environment, and even threatens the safety of personnel and equipment.

[0004] Regarding current methods for preventing spontaneous combustion during coal transportation, although measures such as spraying inorganic salt compounds or waste liquid on the top of the coal have been adopted to prevent oxidation and spontaneous combustion, these methods are still relatively simple and have limited effectiveness in preventing spontaneous combustion. As transportation time and distance increase, the surface and internal temperature of the coal gradually rises under prolonged exposure to sunlight and friction during transportation, resulting in the continued existence of the risk of spontaneous combustion, which occurs frequently. Utility Model Content

[0005] This utility model aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in the related art.

[0006] Therefore, the purpose of this utility model is to propose a multi-layered anti-spontaneous combustion hopper car for coal. This utility model has a reasonable structure and integrates four layers of protection: "covering, cooling, oxygen reduction, and flame retardancy". These layers work together to effectively suppress spontaneous combustion of coal from the source. It has high safety, a high degree of system automation and intelligence, and can automatically adjust according to temperature. It is easy to operate, energy-efficient, and has an optimized overall structure and modular design. It is easy to install and maintain and is especially suitable for long-distance and long-term transportation. Its comprehensive protection effect far exceeds that of traditional single measures.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model proposes a multi-layered anti-spontaneous combustion hopper car for coal, comprising:

[0008] The funnel cart itself;

[0009] Covering cooling component and pipe cooling component: respectively installed on the top and inside of the funnel car body, and driven by the synchronous drive mechanism on the top of the funnel car body. The limiting guide tube in the pipe cooling component is a double-layer hollow pipe structure. The outer surface of the limiting guide tube is uniformly provided with drain holes. The limiting guide tube and the cooling pipe that is horizontally slidably connected to the inner wall of the limiting guide tube are connected to the liquid supply component on the funnel car body through water pipes.

[0010] Negative pressure vacuum deoxygenation component and gas cooling component: respectively installed on the surface of the funnel car body and inside the synchronous drive mechanism. One end of the gas cooling component extends through the outside of the synchronous drive mechanism. The gas cooling component, negative pressure vacuum deoxygenation component, liquid supply component and synchronous drive mechanism are all electrically connected to the controller on the surface of the liquid supply component through wires to realize data transmission and control command reception.

[0011] In addition, the multi-layered coal spontaneous combustion prevention hopper car proposed in the above application may also have the following additional technical features:

[0012] Specifically, the cooling and shielding assembly includes a base, a threaded screw, a limiting guide rod, a traction slide, a bellows-style protective cover, and a first bevel gear, wherein...

[0013] The base is symmetrically and fixedly connected to the top of the funnel car body. The threaded screw is symmetrically and rotatably connected to the inner wall of the base. The limiting guide rod is symmetrically and fixedly connected to the inner wall of the base and located on one side of the bottom of the threaded screw. The traction slide is threadedly connected to the outer surface of the threaded screw and horizontally and slidably connected to the outer surface of the limiting guide rod. One end of the bellows-type protective cover is fixedly connected to the surface of the traction slide, and the other end of the bellows-type protective cover is fixedly connected to the surface of the base. The cross-section of the bellows-type protective cover is inverted U-shaped. The bellows-type protective cover has a built-in metal frame. One end of the threaded screw extends out of the base and is fixedly connected to a first bevel gear. The first bevel gear is connected to the synchronous drive mechanism.

[0014] The tube cooling assembly includes a frame, a limiting guide cylinder, a bidirectional lead screw, a second bevel gear, a cooling pipe, a transmission rod, a third bevel gear, a fourth bevel gear, a transmission vertical rod, and a fifth bevel gear.

[0015] The frame is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the hopper car body. The limiting guide cylinders are uniformly and symmetrically fixedly connected to the surface of the frame. The bidirectional screw is uniformly rotatably connected to the inner wall of the frame and corresponds to the position of the limiting guide cylinder. The second bevel gear is fixedly connected to the center of the outer surface of the bidirectional screw. The cooling pipe is symmetrically threaded to the outer surface of the bidirectional screw and horizontally slidably connected to the inner wall of the limiting guide cylinder. The limiting guide cylinder and the cooling pipe are both connected to the liquid supply assembly through water pipes set inside the frame. The transmission rod is uniformly rotatably connected to the inner wall of the frame and located on one side of the bottom of the bidirectional screw. The third bevel gear is uniformly fixedly connected to the surface of the transmission rod and meshes with the second bevel gear. One end of the transmission rod extends through the outside of the hopper car body and is fixedly connected to the fourth bevel gear. The transmission vertical rod is rotatably connected to the outer surface of the hopper car body and located on one side of the fourth bevel gear. One end of the transmission vertical rod extends through the top of the hopper car body and is connected to the synchronous drive mechanism. The fifth bevel gear is uniformly fixedly connected to the surface of the transmission vertical rod and meshes with the fourth bevel gear.

[0016] The synchronous drive mechanism includes a frame, a partition, a dual-axis motor, a worm gear, a synchronizing rod, a worm wheel, and a sixth bevel gear, wherein...

[0017] The frame is fixedly connected to the top of the hopper car body and abuts against the base surface. A partition is provided inside the frame, dividing the interior into an upper cavity and a lower cavity. The dual-axis motor is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the lower cavity. The worm gear is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the lower cavity and connected to one set of output ends of the dual-axis motor. The other set of output ends of the dual-axis motor extends through the bottom of the frame and is connected to one end of the transmission vertical rod extending through the top of the hopper car body. The synchronizing rod is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the lower cavity and is located on one side of the worm gear. The worm wheel is fixedly connected to the surface of the synchronizing rod and meshes with the worm gear. Both ends of the synchronizing rod extend through the outside of the frame and are fixedly connected to a sixth bevel gear. The sixth bevel gear is located on one side of the first bevel gear and meshes with it.

[0018] Specifically, a power supply assembly is provided on the inner wall of the upper cavity of the frame. The power supply assembly includes a solar panel, a transformer, and a battery. The solar panel, transformer, and battery are arranged vertically on the inner wall of the upper cavity and connected by wires. The battery is electrically connected to the controller.

[0019] Specifically, the liquid supply assembly includes a coolant storage tank, a connecting pipe, a chiller, and a flame-retardant storage tank, wherein...

[0020] The cooling liquid storage tank and the refrigeration unit are respectively fixedly connected to the surface of the funnel car body and are connected by a connecting pipe. The flame-retardant liquid storage tank is respectively fixedly connected to the top of the cooling liquid storage tank and the refrigeration unit. The controller is fixedly connected to the surface of the cooling liquid storage tank.

[0021] The multiple sets of limiting guide cylinders and the multiple sets of cooling pipes are all connected by water pipes, forming a first series pipeline and a second series pipeline. The input end of the first series pipeline is connected to the output end of the flame-retardant liquid storage tank, and the input end and output end of the second series pipeline are respectively connected to the output end of the refrigeration unit and the input end of the cooling liquid storage tank.

[0022] The refrigeration unit and the flame-retardant liquid storage tank are both equipped with circulating water pumps, and the connecting pipes and water pipes are equipped with electrically controlled valves.

[0023] Specifically, the negative pressure exhaust and oxygen reduction assembly includes a positioning cylinder, a horizontal pipe, a filter cylinder, air holes, and an exhaust device, wherein,

[0024] The positioning cylinders are uniformly and fixedly connected to the surface of the funnel car body. Adjacent sets of positioning cylinders are connected by a horizontal pipe. The filter cylinder is threaded to the inner wall of the positioning cylinder. One end of the filter cylinder penetrates into the interior of the funnel car body and is evenly provided with air holes. The filter cylinder is staggered with the cooling pipe. The air extraction device is fixedly connected to the surface of the funnel car body and is located outside the flame-retardant liquid storage tank. The air extraction device is connected to the horizontal pipe. The air extraction device includes a protective shell and a vacuum pump inside the protective shell.

[0025] The gas cooling assembly includes a gas storage tank, an exhaust pipe, an intake pipe, a solenoid control valve, a regulating valve, a one-way intake valve, and a pressure gauge.

[0026] The gas storage tank is symmetrically and fixedly connected to the inner wall of the lower cavity of the frame and located outside the dual-axis motor. One end of the exhaust pipe is connected to the output end of the gas storage tank, and the other end of the exhaust pipe extends through the outside of one side of the base. The electromagnetic control valve and the regulating valve are respectively fixedly connected to the surface of the exhaust pipe and located inside the frame. One end of the air inlet pipe is connected to the input end of the gas storage tank, and the other end of the air inlet pipe extends through the bottom of the frame and is fixedly connected to a one-way air inlet valve. The pressure gauge is fixedly connected to the detection pipe on the surface of the gas storage tank and located on the side of the one-way air inlet valve.

[0027] The two sets of gas storage tanks respectively store nitrogen and carbon dioxide gas, and the outer surfaces of the two sets of gas storage tanks are respectively provided with heat insulation layer and anti-collision protection frame.

[0028] Specifically, temperature sensors are evenly arranged on the inner wall of the funnel car body and are electrically connected to the controller through wires to realize data transmission and control command reception.

[0029] Additional aspects and advantages of this invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0031] 1. Multiple layers of protection, synergistic effect

[0032] The combined design integrates four core anti-self-ignition measures: physical covering (sun protection), internal cooling (cooling pipes), surface flame retardancy (limiting guide tube for liquid drainage), and active oxygen reduction (negative pressure extraction + inert gas).

[0033] 1+1>2: The components do not work independently, but work together under the unified scheduling of the controller to cut off the spontaneous combustion chain from multiple dimensions such as heat source isolation, heat exchange, chemical inhibition and oxygen concentration control. The protective effect is far greater than that of a single measure.

[0034] 2. Intelligentization and Automation

[0035] One-button operation: The synchronous drive mechanism automates and synchronizes the deployment of the protective cover and the insertion of the cooling pipe, making operation simple and efficient.

[0036] Closed-loop control: Relying on an intelligent system composed of temperature sensors and controllers, the equipment can automatically adjust its working mode according to the real-time status of the coal, realizing the transformation from "passive protection" to "active prevention" and reducing the cost and risk of manual monitoring.

[0037] 3. High efficiency and precision

[0038] Internal directional cooling: The cooling pipes are inserted directly into the coal pile, which has high heat exchange efficiency and can quickly control the core area that is most prone to heat accumulation.

[0039] Layered drug delivery: the cooling pipe is responsible for core cooling, and the limiting guide tube is responsible for surface flame retardancy. The division of labor is clear, and the resource utilization efficiency is maximized.

[0040] High oxygen reduction efficiency: The "extraction followed by filling" mode can quickly establish a low-oxygen environment with low inert gas consumption.

[0041] 4. Optimized structure, highly practical

[0042] Synchronous drive: One power system drives two key actions, which simplifies the structure and reduces the failure rate and maintenance costs.

[0043] Modular design: Each functional component (such as liquid supply, gas extraction, and gas storage) is relatively independent, which facilitates installation, maintenance, and later upgrades.

[0044] Energy self-sufficiency: It integrates solar power components, which can provide power support for the control system and some actuators, making it especially suitable for long-distance and long-duration railway transportation, and more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly.

[0045] 5. Safe and reliable

[0046] Prevention at the source: By reducing oxygen and temperature, the two necessary conditions for spontaneous combustion (oxygen and heat accumulation) are directly eliminated, making it extremely safe.

[0047] Redundancy design: Multiple protection mechanisms provide redundancy protection, so that even if a problem occurs in one link, other systems can still function to ensure transportation safety. Attached Figure Description

[0048] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this utility model will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0049] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-layered anti-spontaneous combustion hopper car according to the present invention;

[0050] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the covering and cooling component structure in a multi-layer anti-spontaneous combustion hopper car of this utility model.

[0051] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the pipe cooling component structure in a multi-layer anti-coal spontaneous combustion hopper car according to the present invention.

[0052] Figure 4 This utility model relates to a multi-layered anti-spontaneous combustion hopper car for coal. Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the diagram;

[0053] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the synchronous drive mechanism in a multi-layered anti-spontaneous combustion hopper car of this utility model.

[0054] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the negative pressure extraction and oxygen reduction component in a multi-layer anti-coal spontaneous combustion hopper car according to the present invention.

[0055] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the gas cooling component structure in a multi-layered coal spontaneous combustion prevention hopper car according to this utility model.

[0056] As shown in the figure:

[0057] 1. Funnel car body; 21. Covering and cooling assembly; 22. Pipe cooling assembly; 23. Synchronous drive mechanism; 222. Limiting guide tube; 100. Drain hole; 225. Cooling pipe; 200. Water pipe; 24. Liquid supply assembly; 25. Negative pressure exhaust and oxygen reduction assembly; 26. Gas cooling assembly; 27. Controller;

[0058] 211. Base; 212. Threaded screw; 213. Limiting guide rod; 214. Traction slide; 215. Bellows-style protective cover; 216. First bevel gear;

[0059] 221. Frame; 222. Limiting guide cylinder; 223. Two-way lead screw; 224. Second bevel gear; 225. Cooling pipe; 226. Transmission rod; 227. Third bevel gear; 228. Fourth bevel gear; 229. Transmission vertical rod; 2210. Fifth bevel gear;

[0060] 231. Frame; 232. Partition; 233. Dual-shaft motor; 234. Worm gear; 235. Synchronizing rod; 236. Worm wheel; 237. Sixth bevel gear;

[0061] 28. Power supply components; 281. Solar panels; 282. Transformers; 283. Storage batteries;

[0062] 241. Coolant reservoir; 242. Connecting pipe; 243. Refrigeration unit; 244. Flame-retardant reservoir;

[0063] 251. Positioning cylinder; 252. Horizontal tube; 253. Filter cartridge; 254. Air hole; 255. Air extraction device;

[0064] 261. Gas storage tank; 262. Exhaust pipe; 263. Inlet pipe; 264. Solenoid control valve; 265. Regulating valve; 266. One-way inlet valve; 267. Pressure gauge. Detailed Implementation

[0065] The embodiments of this utility model are described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this utility model, and should not be construed as limiting this utility model. Rather, the embodiments of this utility model include all variations, modifications, and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

[0066] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, describes a multi-layered coal spontaneous combustion prevention hopper car according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0067] like Figures 1-7 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-layered anti-spontaneous combustion hopper car for coal, comprising:

[0068] 1. Funnel car body;

[0069] Covering cooling component 21 and pipe cooling component 22: respectively set on the top and inside of the funnel car body 1, and driven by the synchronous drive mechanism 23 on the top of the funnel car body 1. The limiting guide tube 222 in the pipe cooling component 22 is a double-layer hollow pipe structure. The outer surface of the limiting guide tube 222 is evenly provided with drain holes 100. The limiting guide tube 222 and the cooling pipe 225 that is horizontally slidably connected to the inner wall of the limiting guide tube 222 are all connected to the liquid supply component 24 on the funnel car body 1 through water pipe 200.

[0070] Negative pressure vacuum deoxygenation component 25 and gas cooling component 26 are respectively installed on the surface of the funnel car body 1 and inside the synchronous drive mechanism 23. One end of the gas cooling component 26 extends through the outside of the synchronous drive mechanism 23. The gas cooling component 26, negative pressure vacuum deoxygenation component 25, liquid supply component 24 and synchronous drive mechanism 23 are all electrically connected to the controller 27 on the surface of the liquid supply component 24 through wires to realize data transmission and control command reception.

[0071] It should be noted that the controller 27 described in this embodiment has a built-in timing module.

[0072] It should also be noted that an anti-clogging mesh is provided inside the drain hole 100 described in this embodiment.

[0073] Specifically, this device coordinates multiple subsystems through a central controller 27 to achieve full-process management of coal spontaneous combustion prevention, monitoring, and handling. Its workflow can be divided into the following key steps:

[0074] 1. Initial Deployment (Covering and Insertion)

[0075] Command issued: Controller 27 receives start signal (can be manual or timed).

[0076] Synchronous drive: Controller 27 starts synchronous drive mechanism 23 (the core of which is dual-axis motor 233).

[0077] Double action:

[0078] Top Cover: The synchronous drive mechanism 23 drives the bellows-style protective cover 215 of the cover cooling component 21 to unfold through gear transmission, completely covering the top of the coal and isolating it from sunlight.

[0079] Internal insertion: At the same time, the synchronous drive mechanism 23 pushes the cooling pipe 225 of the tube cooling component 22 horizontally out of the limiting guide tube 222 through another set of transmission chains, and precisely inserts it into the inside of the coal pile.

[0080] 2. Actively reduce oxygen levels (create an anaerobic environment)

[0081] Vacuuming: Controller 27 activates negative pressure air extraction and oxygen reduction component 25. This component extracts air (mainly oxygen) from inside the coal through filter cartridges 253 distributed in the coal pile, forming a local negative pressure environment, which fundamentally inhibits the oxidation reaction.

[0082] Inert gas filling: During or after vacuuming, controller 27 activates gas cooling component 26 to fill the space between bellows-type protective cover 215 and coal with inert gas such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide. This not only further reduces the oxygen concentration, but also absorbs heat and assists in cooling.

[0083] 3. Precise cooling and flame retardancy (combination of internal and external components)

[0084] Internal cooling: Controller 27 starts the chiller 243 in the liquid supply assembly 24. The chiller 243 pumps the coolant into the cooling pipe 225 that has been inserted into the coal. Through the circulation of the coolant, the heat in the core of the coal pile is directly removed.

[0085] External / Surface Flame Retardant: Simultaneously, the flame retardant storage tank 244 in the liquid supply assembly 24 pumps the flame retardant (such as inorganic salt solution) into the limiting guide tube 222 (double-layer hollow structure). The flame retardant seeps out evenly through the drain hole 100 on the outer wall of the limiting guide tube 222, forming a flame retardant protective film on the surface of the coal and penetrating to the shallow layer to inhibit oxidation and combustion.

[0086] 4. Intelligent monitoring and regulation

[0087] Real-time monitoring: Multiple temperature sensors distributed on the inner wall of the hopper car body 1 continuously transmit temperature data of various parts of the coal back to the controller 27.

[0088] Adaptive control: The controller 27 automatically adjusts the operating status of each component based on temperature data. For example, if the temperature drops to a safe threshold, the power of the chiller 243 can be reduced or the liquid supply can be suspended to save energy; if the temperature rises abnormally, the pumping speed is increased, the injection of inert gas is increased, and the circulation of coolant is improved.

[0089] In one embodiment of this utility model, such as Figures 1-7 As shown, the cooling and shielding assembly 21 includes a base 211, a threaded screw 212, a limiting guide rod 213, a traction slide 214, a bellows-style protective cover 215, and a first bevel gear 216, wherein...

[0090] The base 211 is symmetrically and fixedly connected to the top of the hopper car body 1. The threaded screw 212 is symmetrically and rotatably connected to the inner wall of the base 211. The limiting guide rod 213 is symmetrically and fixedly connected to the inner wall of the base 211 and located on one side of the bottom of the threaded screw 212. The traction slide 214 is threadedly connected to the outer surface of the threaded screw 212 and horizontally slidably connected to the outer surface of the limiting guide rod 213. One end of the bellows-type protective cover 215 is fixedly connected to the surface of the traction slide 214, and the other end of the bellows-type protective cover 215 is fixedly connected to the surface of the base 211. The cross-section of the bellows-type protective cover 215 is inverted U-shaped. The bellows-type protective cover 215 has a metal frame inside. One end of the threaded screw 212 passes through the outside of the base 211 and is fixedly connected to the first bevel gear 216. The first bevel gear 216 is connected to the synchronous drive mechanism 23.

[0091] The pipe cooling assembly 22 includes a frame 221, a limiting guide cylinder 222, a bidirectional lead screw 223, a second bevel gear 224, a cooling pipe 225, a transmission rod 226, a third bevel gear 227, a fourth bevel gear 228, a transmission vertical rod 229, and a fifth bevel gear 2210, wherein...

[0092] The frame 221 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the funnel car body 1. The limiting guide cylinders 222 are uniformly and symmetrically fixedly connected to the surface of the frame 221. The bidirectional lead screw 223 is uniformly rotatably connected to the inner wall of the frame 221 and corresponds to the position of the limiting guide cylinders 222. The second bevel gear 224 is fixedly connected to the center of the outer surface of the bidirectional lead screw 223. The cooling pipe 225 is symmetrically threaded to the outer surface of the bidirectional lead screw 223 and horizontally slidably connected to the inner wall of the limiting guide cylinder 222. Both the limiting guide cylinder 222 and the cooling pipe 225 are connected to the liquid supply assembly 24 through a water pipe 200 located inside the frame 221. The transmission rod 226 is uniformly rotatably connected to the frame... The inner wall of body 221 is located on one side of the bottom of the bidirectional lead screw 223. The third bevel gear 227 is uniformly fixedly connected to the surface of the transmission rod 226 and meshes with the second bevel gear 224. One end of the transmission rod 226 extends through the outside of the funnel car body 1 and is fixedly connected to the fourth bevel gear 228. The transmission vertical rod 229 is rotatably connected to the outer surface of the funnel car body 1 and is located on one side of the fourth bevel gear 228. One end of the transmission vertical rod 229 extends through the top of the funnel car body 1 and is connected to the synchronous drive mechanism 23. The fifth bevel gear 2210 is uniformly fixedly connected to the surface of the transmission vertical rod 229 and meshes with the fourth bevel gear 228.

[0093] The synchronous drive mechanism 23 includes a frame 231, a partition 232, a dual-axis motor 233, a worm gear 234, a synchronizing rod 235, a worm wheel 236, and a sixth bevel gear 237, wherein...

[0094] The frame 231 is fixedly connected to the top of the hopper car body 1 and abuts against the surface of the base 211. The frame 231 is provided with a partition 232, which divides the interior of the frame 231 into an upper cavity and a lower cavity. The dual-axis motor 233 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the lower cavity. The worm gear 234 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the lower cavity and is connected to one set of output ends of the dual-axis motor 233. The other set of output ends of the dual-axis motor 233 passes through the bottom of the frame 231 and is connected to one end of the transmission vertical rod 229 that passes through the top of the hopper car body 1. The synchronizing rod 235 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the lower cavity and is located on one side of the worm gear 234. The worm wheel 236 is fixedly connected to the surface of the synchronizing rod 235 and meshes with the worm gear 234. The two ends of the synchronizing rod 235 pass through the outside of the frame 231 and are fixedly connected to a sixth bevel gear 237. The sixth bevel gear 237 is located on one side of the first bevel gear 216 and meshes with it.

[0095] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, a limiting groove is provided at the top of the funnel car body 1 and at the bottom of the accordion-style protective cover 215.

[0096] It should also be noted that the dual-axis motor 233 described in this embodiment is provided with an encoder on its surface.

[0097] Specifically, the structure and connection relationship of the covering cooling component 21, the tube cooling component 22 and the synchronous drive mechanism 23 will be further explained.

[0098] It achieves two core actions through synchronous drive mechanism 23 (dual-axis motor 233): top covering and internal cooling.

[0099] Power distribution: One end of the dual-shaft motor 233 drives the threaded screw 212 of the cooling and covering component 21 to rotate through the worm 234, worm wheel 236, synchronizing rod 235 and bevel gear set, so that the traction slide 214 moves, thereby unfolding the bellows-style protective cover 215 to cover the top of the coal pile and isolate it from the sun.

[0100] Synchronous execution: The other end of the dual-shaft motor 233 drives the bidirectional lead screw 223 of the tube cooling assembly 22 to rotate through the transmission vertical rod 229, the fifth bevel gear 2210, the fourth bevel gear 228, the transmission rod 226, the third bevel gear 227 and the second bevel gear 224, so as to push the cooling tube 225 out of the limiting guide tube 222 and insert it into the coal pile.

[0101] Collaborative protection: Subsequently, the liquid supply component 24 pumps coolant into the cooling pipe 225 for internal cooling, and flame retardant seeps out through the limiting guide tube 222; at the same time, the negative pressure air extraction and oxygen reduction component 25 extracts the internal air, and the gas cooling component 26 fills in inert gas, which together suppress spontaneous combustion. The whole process is monitored in real time by the temperature sensor to achieve automatic adjustment.

[0102] In one embodiment of this utility model, such as Figures 1-7 As shown, a power supply assembly 28 is provided on the inner wall of the upper cavity of the frame 231. The power supply assembly 28 includes a solar panel 281, a transformer 282 and a battery 283. The solar panel 281, the transformer 282 and the battery 283 are arranged vertically on the inner wall of the upper cavity and connected by wires. The battery 283 is electrically connected to the controller 27.

[0103] Specifically, the power supply component 28 is designed to solve the power consumption problem of the equipment and save energy. It is suitable for long-term transportation and has good performance.

[0104] In one embodiment of this utility model, such as Figures 1-7 As shown, the liquid supply assembly 24 includes a coolant storage tank 241, a connecting pipe 242, a chiller 243, and a flame-retardant storage tank 244, wherein...

[0105] Cooling liquid tank 241 and refrigeration unit 243 are respectively fixedly connected to the surface of the funnel car body 1 and connected to each other through connecting pipe 242. Flame retardant liquid tank 244 is respectively fixedly connected to the top of cooling liquid tank 241 and refrigeration unit 243. Controller 27 is fixedly connected to the surface of cooling liquid tank 241.

[0106] Multiple sets of limiting guide cylinders 222 and multiple sets of cooling pipes 225 are connected by water pipes 200, forming a first series pipeline and a second series pipeline. The input end of the first series pipeline is connected to the output end of the flame-retardant liquid storage tank 244, and the input end and output end of the second series pipeline are connected to the output end of the refrigerator 243 and the input end of the cooling liquid storage tank 241, respectively.

[0107] The refrigeration unit 243 and the flame-retardant liquid storage tank 244 are both equipped with circulating water pumps, and electrically controlled valves are installed on the connecting pipe 242 and the water pipe 200.

[0108] Specifically, the liquid supply component 24 works in concert through two independent pipelines: a closed loop is formed by the chiller 243, the cooling liquid tank 241, and the cooling pipe 225 to achieve precise cooling of the inside of the coal pile; at the same time, the flame retardant liquid tank 244 uniformly leaks flame retardant to the surface of the coal pile through the drain hole 100 on the outer wall of the limiting guide tube 222. The entire process is automatically controlled by the controller 27 through the electronically controlled valve, achieving efficient and precise dual protection.

[0109] In one embodiment of this utility model, such as Figures 1-7 As shown, the negative pressure exhaust and oxygen reduction assembly 25 includes a positioning cylinder 251, a horizontal pipe 252, a filter cylinder 253, an air hole 254, and an exhaust device 255, wherein,

[0110] Positioning cylinders 251 are uniformly fixedly connected to the surface of the funnel car body 1. Adjacent sets of positioning cylinders 251 are connected by a horizontal pipe 252. Filter cylinders 253 are threadedly connected to the inner wall of positioning cylinders 251. One end of filter cylinder 253 penetrates into the interior of the funnel car body 1 and is uniformly provided with air holes 254. Filter cylinder 253 and cooling pipe 225 are staggered. Air extraction device 255 is fixedly connected to the surface of the funnel car body 1 and located outside the flame-retardant liquid storage tank 244. Air extraction device 255 is connected to the horizontal pipe 252. Air extraction device 255 includes a protective shell and a vacuum pump inside the protective shell.

[0111] Gas cooling assembly 26 includes a gas storage tank 261, an exhaust pipe 262, an inlet pipe 263, a solenoid control valve 264, a regulating valve 265, a one-way inlet valve 266, and a pressure gauge 267.

[0112] The gas storage tank 261 is symmetrically and fixedly connected to the inner wall of the lower cavity of the frame 231 and located outside the dual-shaft motor 233. One end of the exhaust pipe 262 is connected to the output end of the gas storage tank 261, and the other end of the exhaust pipe 262 extends through the outside of one side of the base 211. The electromagnetic control valve 264 and the regulating valve 265 are respectively fixedly connected to the surface of the exhaust pipe 262 and located inside the frame 231. One end of the air inlet pipe 263 is connected to the input end of the gas storage tank 261, and the other end of the air inlet pipe 263 extends through the bottom of the frame 231 and is fixedly connected to a one-way air inlet valve 266. The pressure gauge 267 is fixedly connected to the detection pipe on the surface of the gas storage tank 261 and is located on one side of the one-way air inlet valve 266.

[0113] The two sets of gas storage tanks 261 store nitrogen and carbon dioxide gas respectively, and the outer surfaces of the two sets of gas storage tanks 261 are respectively equipped with heat insulation layer and anti-collision protection frame.

[0114] It should be noted that a dustproof mesh is provided inside the vent 254 described in this embodiment.

[0115] Specifically, the structure and connection relationship of the negative pressure exhaust and oxygen reduction component 25 and the gas cooling component 26 will be further explained.

[0116] The negative pressure suction and oxygen reduction component 25 and the gas cooling component 26 work together to form the active oxygen reduction and gas protection system of the funnel car. Its working principle is as follows:

[0117] First, the air extraction device 255 is activated, and the air inside the coal is extracted through the air holes 254 that extend into the surface of the coal pile filter cylinder 253, forming a local negative pressure and reducing the oxygen concentration from the source.

[0118] Post-filling: Controller 27 opens electromagnetic control valve 264 to fill the space above the coal pile with nitrogen and carbon dioxide from the gas storage tank 261 through exhaust pipe 262. Regulating valve 265 can precisely control the gas flow rate, while pressure gauge 267 is used to monitor the pressure inside the tank.

[0119] This combined "extraction-refilling" process can efficiently replace the oxygen around the coal pile, creating a low-oxygen, inert environment that fundamentally inhibits oxidation and spontaneous combustion. At the same time, the inert gas itself can also play an auxiliary role in cooling.

[0120] In one embodiment of this utility model, such as Figures 1-7 As shown, temperature sensors are evenly arranged on the inner wall of the funnel car body 1, and are electrically connected to the controller 27 through wires to realize data transmission and control command reception.

[0121] It should be noted that the temperature sensor described in this embodiment is not shown in the diagram.

[0122] Specifically, the design arranges temperature sensors evenly on the inner wall of the hopper car body 1, which are connected to the controller 27 through wires to form a real-time monitoring and closed-loop control system. The sensors continuously collect the temperature of each area of ​​the coal pile and feed it back to the controller 27. The controller 27 automatically starts or adjusts modules such as covering, cooling, oxygen reduction, and flame retardancy according to preset thresholds to achieve adaptive protection. At the same time, the sensor data can be used for alarm and status display to improve the system's safety and intelligence level.

[0123] In summary, the multi-layered coal spontaneous combustion prevention hopper car of this utility model has a reasonable structure, integrating four layers of protection: "covering, cooling, oxygen reduction, and flame retardancy." These layers work synergistically to effectively suppress coal spontaneous combustion at the source, ensuring high safety. The system is highly automated and intelligent, automatically adjusting according to temperature. It is easy to operate, energy-efficient, and features an optimized overall structure and modular design, making it easy to install and maintain. It is particularly suitable for long-distance, long-duration transportation, and its comprehensive protective effect far exceeds that of traditional single measures.

[0124] In the description of this specification, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0125] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0126] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-layered anti-spontaneous combustion hopper car for coal, characterized in that, include: The funnel cart body (1); Covering cooling component (21) and pipe cooling component (22): respectively set on the top and inside of the funnel car body (1), and driven by the synchronous drive mechanism (23) on the top of the funnel car body (1). The limiting guide tube (222) in the pipe cooling component (22) is a double-layer hollow pipe structure. The outer surface of the limiting guide tube (222) is uniformly provided with drain holes (100). The limiting guide tube (222) and the cooling pipe (225) that is horizontally slidably connected to the inner wall of the limiting guide tube (222) are connected to the liquid supply component (24) on the funnel car body (1) through water pipe (200). Negative pressure vacuum deoxygenation component (25) and gas cooling component (26): respectively installed on the surface of the funnel car body (1) and inside the synchronous drive mechanism (23). One end of the gas cooling component (26) extends out of the synchronous drive mechanism (23). The gas cooling component (26), negative pressure vacuum deoxygenation component (25), liquid supply component (24) and synchronous drive mechanism (23) are all electrically connected to the controller (27) on the surface of the liquid supply component (24) through wires to realize data transmission and control command reception.

2. The multi-layered anti-spontaneous combustion hopper car according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cooling and shielding assembly (21) includes a base (211), a threaded screw (212), a limiting guide rod (213), a traction slide (214), a bellows-style protective cover (215), and a first bevel gear (216), wherein, The base (211) is symmetrically fixedly connected to the top of the funnel car body (1), the threaded screw (212) is symmetrically rotatably connected to the inner wall of the base (211), the limiting guide rod (213) is symmetrically fixedly connected to the inner wall of the base (211) and located on one side of the bottom of the threaded screw (212), the traction slide (214) is threadedly connected to the outer surface of the threaded screw (212) and horizontally slidably connected to the outer surface of the limiting guide rod (213), and the bellows-style protective cover (215) is... One end of the bellows-type protective cover (215) is fixedly connected to the surface of the traction slide (214), and the other end of the bellows-type protective cover (215) is fixedly connected to the surface of the base (211). The cross-section of the bellows-type protective cover (215) is inverted U-shaped. The bellows-type protective cover (215) has a metal frame inside. One end of the threaded screw (212) extends out of the outside of the base (211) and is fixedly connected to the first bevel gear (216). The first bevel gear (216) is connected to the synchronous drive mechanism (23). The tube cooling assembly (22) includes a frame (221), a limiting guide cylinder (222), a bidirectional lead screw (223), a second bevel gear (224), a cooling pipe (225), a transmission rod (226), a third bevel gear (227), a fourth bevel gear (228), a transmission vertical rod (229), and a fifth bevel gear (2210), wherein, The frame (221) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the funnel car body (1). The limiting guide cylinder (222) is uniformly and symmetrically fixedly connected to the surface of the frame (221). The bidirectional screw (223) is uniformly rotatably connected to the inner wall of the frame (221) and corresponds to the position of the limiting guide cylinder (222). The second bevel gear (224) is fixedly connected to the center of the outer surface of the bidirectional screw (223). The cooling pipe (225) is symmetrically threaded to the outer surface of the bidirectional screw (223) and horizontally slidably connected to the inner wall of the limiting guide cylinder (222). The limiting guide cylinder (222) and the cooling pipe (225) are both connected to the liquid supply assembly (24) through the water pipe (200) set inside the frame (221). The transmission rod (226) rotates uniformly. The third bevel gear (227) is uniformly fixedly connected to the surface of the transmission rod (226) and meshes with the second bevel gear (224). One end of the transmission rod (226) extends through the outside of the funnel car body (1) and is fixedly connected to the fourth bevel gear (228). The transmission vertical rod (229) is rotatably connected to the outer surface of the funnel car body (1) and is located on one side of the fourth bevel gear (228). One end of the transmission vertical rod (229) extends through the top of the funnel car body (1) and is connected to the synchronous drive mechanism (23). The fifth bevel gear (2210) is uniformly fixedly connected to the surface of the transmission vertical rod (229) and meshes with the fourth bevel gear (228). The synchronous drive mechanism (23) includes a frame (231), a partition (232), a dual-axis motor (233), a worm gear (234), a synchronizing rod (235), a worm wheel (236), and a sixth bevel gear (237), wherein, The frame (231) is fixedly connected to the top of the funnel car body (1) and abuts against the surface of the base (211). A partition (232) is provided inside the frame (231), and the partition (232) divides the inside of the frame (231) into an upper cavity and a lower cavity. The dual-axis motor (233) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the lower cavity. The worm gear (234) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the lower cavity and is connected to one set of output ends of the dual-axis motor (233). The other set of output ends of the dual-axis motor (233) extends through the frame (231). The bottom is connected to the transmission vertical rod (229) through one end of the funnel car body (1). The synchronizing rod (235) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the lower cavity and located on one side of the worm (234). The worm wheel (236) is fixedly connected to the surface of the synchronizing rod (235) and meshes with the worm (234). The two ends of the synchronizing rod (235) respectively penetrate out of the frame (231) and are fixedly connected to the sixth bevel gear (237). The sixth bevel gear (237) is located on one side of the first bevel gear (216) and meshes with each other.

3. The multi-layered anti-spontaneous combustion hopper car according to claim 2, characterized in that, The upper cavity inner wall of the frame (231) is provided with a power supply component (28), which includes a solar panel (281), a transformer (282) and a storage battery (283). The solar panel (281), the transformer (282) and the storage battery (283) are arranged vertically on the upper cavity inner wall and connected by wires. The storage battery (283) is electrically connected to the controller (27).

4. The multi-layered anti-spontaneous combustion hopper car according to claim 2, characterized in that, The liquid supply assembly (24) includes a coolant storage tank (241), a connecting pipe (242), a refrigerator (243), and a flame-retardant storage tank (244), wherein, The cooling liquid tank (241) and the refrigeration unit (243) are respectively fixedly connected to the surface of the funnel car body (1) and connected through the connecting pipe (242). The flame-retardant liquid tank (244) is respectively fixedly connected to the top of the cooling liquid tank (241) and the refrigeration unit (243). The controller (27) is fixedly connected to the surface of the cooling liquid tank (241). The multiple sets of limiting guide cylinders (222) and the multiple sets of cooling pipes (225) are connected by water pipes (200) to form a first series pipeline and a second series pipeline. The input end of the first series pipeline is connected to the output end of the flame-retardant liquid storage tank (244), and the input end and output end of the second series pipeline are connected to the output end of the refrigerator (243) and the input end of the cooling liquid storage tank (241), respectively. The refrigeration unit (243) and the flame-retardant liquid storage tank (244) are equipped with circulating water pumps, and the connecting pipe (242) and the water pipe (200) are equipped with electrically controlled valves.

5. The multi-layered anti-spontaneous combustion hopper car according to claim 4, characterized in that, The negative pressure exhaust and oxygen reduction assembly (25) includes a positioning cylinder (251), a horizontal pipe (252), a filter cylinder (253), air holes (254), and an exhaust device (255), wherein, The positioning cylinder (251) is uniformly fixedly connected to the surface of the funnel car body (1). Two adjacent sets of positioning cylinders (251) are connected by a horizontal pipe (252). The filter cylinder (253) is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the positioning cylinder (251). One end of the filter cylinder (253) penetrates into the interior of the funnel car body (1) and is uniformly provided with air holes (254). The filter cylinder (253) is staggered with the cooling pipe (225). The air extraction device (255) is fixedly connected to the surface of the funnel car body (1) and located outside the flame-retardant liquid storage tank (244). The air extraction device (255) is connected to the horizontal pipe (252). The air extraction device (255) includes a protective shell and a vacuum pump inside the protective shell. The gas cooling assembly (26) includes a gas storage tank (261), an exhaust pipe (262), an intake pipe (263), an electromagnetic control valve (264), a regulating valve (265), a one-way intake valve (266), and a pressure gauge (267), wherein, The gas storage tank (261) is symmetrically fixedly connected to the inner wall of the lower cavity of the frame (231) and located outside the dual-axis motor (233). One end of the exhaust pipe (262) is connected to the output end of the gas storage tank (261), and the other end of the exhaust pipe (262) extends out of the outside of one side of the base (211). The electromagnetic control valve (264) and the regulating valve (265) are respectively fixedly connected to the surface of the exhaust pipe (262) and located inside the frame (231). One end of the air inlet pipe (263) is connected to the input end of the gas storage tank (261), and the other end of the air inlet pipe (263) extends out of the bottom of the frame (231) and is fixedly connected to a one-way air inlet valve (266). The pressure gauge (267) is fixedly connected to the detection pipe on the surface of the gas storage tank (261) and located on one side of the one-way air inlet valve (266). The two sets of gas storage tanks (261) respectively store nitrogen gas and carbon dioxide gas, and the outer surfaces of the two sets of gas storage tanks (261) are respectively provided with heat insulation layer and anti-collision protection frame.

6. The multi-layered anti-spontaneous combustion hopper car according to claim 1, characterized in that, Temperature sensors are uniformly arranged on the inner wall of the funnel car body (1) and are electrically connected to the controller (27) through wires to realize data transmission and control command reception.

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