A distributed fiber optic installation mechanism

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of distributed optical fiber installation mechanism, it is related to data acquisition technical field, including anchor and coupling fixture, the coupling fixture includes multiple clamping parts, each clamping part has a pair of opposite surfaces, the pair of opposite surfaces is equipped with clamping groove, when a pair of opposite surfaces of adjacent two clamping parts mutually match, the clamping groove on two clamping parts forms the clamping hole for accommodating optical fiber jointly;The pair of opposite surfaces is equipped with magnetic attraction component, and adjacent two clamping parts are connected by the magnetic attraction component magnetic attraction.The distributed optical fiber installation mechanism provided by the utility model realizes adjacent clamping part magnetic attraction connection by magnetic attraction component on the pair of opposite surfaces, and pre-tightening is matched fast, roadway roof installation operation is simplified, and assembly efficiency and optical fiber clamping reliability are improved;Through the design of multilayer clamping unit, optical fiber can extend along different directions, realize roadway roof multidirectional strain monitoring, break traditional one-dimensional limit, and comprehensively capture spatial deformation form.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of data acquisition technology, specifically to a distributed optical fiber installation mechanism. Background Technology

[0002] In mining and underground engineering construction, roof settlement is a core indicator reflecting the stability of the surrounding rock. For a long time, roof settlement monitoring has relied mainly on manual measurement or single-point sensors, which suffers from limited monitoring range, difficulty in achieving continuous sensing, and the potential for blind spots. With the development of fiber optic sensing technology, distributed monitoring is increasingly being applied to roadway deformation monitoring. Some scholars have derived the mathematical relationship between fiber optic strain and roof settlement displacement based on indoor tensile tests, verifying the feasibility of quantitatively characterizing settlement displacement using distributed fiber optics.

[0003] Existing technologies use anchor bolts to fix optical fibers, enabling continuous strain acquisition along the tunnel axis and effectively compensating for the shortcomings of point-based monitoring. However, in engineering practice, reliable coupling between the optical fiber and the surrounding rock has always been a key challenge restricting monitoring accuracy. Traditional bonding or binding methods easily lead to fiber slippage and loosening, preventing the displacement of the anchor bolt from being accurately transmitted to the fiber, directly affecting the accuracy of strain measurement. Other solutions employ purely mechanical fastening, using bolts and other fasteners to confine the fiber between two clamping parts. However, this structure has significant drawbacks during installation: installers need to support and maintain the precise alignment of the lower and upper clamping parts while simultaneously tightening the fasteners, making the operation extremely inconvenient. This collaborative operation is further complicated by the high-altitude working environment in tunnels, making it highly susceptible to fiber deformation or breakage due to misalignment of the clamping parts, and resulting in low installation efficiency. Furthermore, existing monitoring schemes are mostly limited to one-dimensional deployment along the tunnel direction, making it difficult to comprehensively capture the settlement patterns of the roof at key sections.

[0004] In summary, how to achieve long-term reliable coupling between optical fibers and the tunnel roof to ensure accurate and comprehensive acquisition of strain signals is a pressing technical challenge in the field of tunnel roof settlement monitoring. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this utility model is to address the aforementioned problems by providing a distributed optical fiber installation mechanism. This mechanism achieves magnetic connection between adjacent clamping parts through magnetic components on the mating surface, enabling rapid mating and pre-tightening, simplifying the installation operation of the tunnel roof, and improving assembly efficiency and optical fiber clamping reliability. Through the design of multi-layer clamping units, the optical fiber can be extended and deployed in different directions, realizing multi-directional strain monitoring of the tunnel roof, breaking the traditional one-dimensional limitations, and comprehensively capturing spatial deformation patterns.

[0006] A distributed optical fiber installation mechanism includes an anchor and a coupling clamp. One end of the anchor is fixed to the top surface of a target area along its length, and the other end is used to install the coupling clamp. The coupling clamp includes multiple clamping parts, each clamping part having a mating surface. The mating surface is provided with a clamping groove. When the mating surfaces of two adjacent clamping parts are mated together, the clamping grooves on the two clamping parts together form a clamping channel for accommodating optical fibers. A magnetic attraction component is provided on the mating surface, and two adjacent clamping parts are magnetically connected through the magnetic attraction component.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, magnetic components are set on the mating surfaces of the clamping parts, allowing adjacent clamping parts to be quickly connected by magnetic attraction. This simplifies the installation process on the roadway roof, facilitates on-site assembly and adjustment, and adapts to the complex environment of the roadway roof. At the same time, the magnetic attraction provides a stable pre-tightening force to ensure that the clamping parts fit tightly.

[0008] Furthermore, the magnetic suction component includes magnetic suction protrusions and magnetic suction grooves that cooperate with each other, and the magnetic suction protrusions and magnetic suction grooves are respectively provided on the mating surfaces of adjacent clamping parts.

[0009] Thanks to the aforementioned technical solution, the interlocking magnetic protrusions and grooves provide positioning, ensuring precise alignment of adjacent clamping parts and preventing misalignment. This allows the clamping channels to accurately hold the optical fiber, further improving operational convenience in top-panel installation scenarios.

[0010] Furthermore, the magnetic protrusion is a hemispherical protrusion, and the magnetic groove is a hemispherical groove.

[0011] Thanks to the above technical solution, the combination of the hemispherical protrusion and the hemispherical groove makes the alignment of the magnetic attraction component smoother in any direction. At the same time, the hemispherical structure can provide multi-point contact, expanding the range of magnetic attraction.

[0012] Furthermore, the clamping part includes a top clamping unit and a bottom clamping unit. The mating surface of the top clamping unit is located on the bottom surface of the top clamping unit, and the mating surface of the bottom clamping unit is located on the top surface of the bottom clamping unit. The top clamping unit is detachably connected to the anchor through a connecting component, and the bottom clamping unit is connected to the lower part of the top clamping unit.

[0013] Furthermore, each of the clamping parts is provided with a fastening hole, and when two adjacent clamping parts are engaged, the fastening holes on each clamping part correspond to each other; the fastening holes are used to install fasteners, and the fasteners pass through the corresponding fastening holes to fasten the multiple clamping parts together.

[0014] By employing the aforementioned technical solution, in addition to the precise alignment provided by magnetic attraction, fastening holes and fasteners are added to further strengthen the connection between the clamping parts through mechanical fastening. The fasteners provide additional locking force, preventing the magnetic attraction from failing due to external vibrations or other factors, thus ensuring that the clamping parts always maintain a tight fit. Because the magnetic attraction holds the clamping parts in place, the operation of adding fasteners is more convenient, eliminating the need for manual support of the clamping parts and effectively reducing fiber optic damage caused by misalignment of adjacent clamping parts during installation.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the clamping part is divided into a top clamping unit and a bottom clamping unit. The top clamping unit is detachably connected to the anchor, which facilitates on-site installation, disassembly, and maintenance. The bottom clamping unit is connected to the lower part of the top clamping unit and achieves quick alignment and engagement with the top clamping unit through magnetic attraction, improving the convenience of fiber optic cable deployment.

[0016] Furthermore, the clamping part also includes an intermediate clamping unit, the mating surfaces of which are disposed on the top and bottom surfaces of the intermediate clamping unit, and the intermediate clamping unit is disposed between the top clamping unit and the bottom clamping unit.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution and adding an intermediate clamping unit, the clamping part can simultaneously clamp multiple layers of optical fibers, further expanding the monitoring dimensions. The top and bottom surfaces of the intermediate clamping unit are provided with mating surfaces, which can form multiple clamping channels with the upper and lower units, thereby realizing the deployment of multiple optical fibers in the same position. This provides a structural foundation for building a two-dimensional distributed sensing network and helps to comprehensively capture the spatial deformation morphology of the top plate.

[0018] Furthermore, the axis of the clamping groove on the top surface of the intermediate clamping unit is arranged along a first horizontal direction, and the axis of the clamping groove on the bottom surface of the intermediate clamping unit is arranged along a second horizontal direction, with the first horizontal direction and the second horizontal direction intersecting each other.

[0019] Thanks to the aforementioned technical solution, the clamping grooves on the top and bottom surfaces of the intermediate clamping unit are staggered, allowing the clamped optical fibers to extend in different directions. This enables simultaneous monitoring of strain in the tunnel roof along different directions. This design overcomes the limitations of traditional one-dimensional monitoring, enabling the capture of uneven lateral settlement of the roof and improving the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the monitoring data. The staggered direction can be adjusted according to actual needs to adapt to deformation monitoring requirements under different geological conditions.

[0020] Furthermore, the first horizontal direction and the second horizontal direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0021] By employing the aforementioned technical solution, setting the two directions to be perpendicular to each other creates an orthogonal monitoring network, facilitating independent analysis of the roof's longitudinal and transverse deformation. The vertical design makes strain data easier to decouple, thereby accurately calculating the roof's displacement components in different directions and providing more precise input for settlement analysis. This orthogonal layout is particularly effective in tunnel cross-section monitoring, clearly reflecting the spatial deformation morphology of the roof.

[0022] Furthermore, the top clamping unit is connected to the anchor via a connecting component, the connecting component including a carrying tray, the carrying tray being provided with a magnetic suction component, and the fastener being installed on the carrying tray.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the top clamping unit and the anchor can be detachably connected by adding a support tray as a connecting component. The magnetic components on the support tray enable the top clamping unit to be quickly adsorbed and positioned without the need for additional tools or complicated alignment operations. At the same time, the fasteners are installed on the support tray, eliminating the need for fixing the fasteners and making the installation more convenient.

[0024] Furthermore, the cross-section of the clamping groove is semi-circular.

[0025] Thanks to the above technical solution, the semi-circular clamping groove can match the shape of the cylindrical optical fiber, which can limit the position of the optical fiber while protecting it from damage to the greatest extent, thereby ensuring the stability of long-term monitoring.

[0026] Furthermore, the inner wall of the clamping groove is provided with an anti-slip pad.

[0027] By employing the aforementioned technical solution, an anti-slip pad is placed on the inner wall of the clamping groove, increasing the friction between the pad and the optical fiber and effectively preventing the fiber from sliding within the channel. The anti-slip pad is typically made of an elastic material, capable of accommodating minor deformations of the optical fiber while providing cushioning, further ensuring a tight coupling between the fiber and the clamping part. This design is particularly important in vibration environments, preventing measurement errors caused by fiber loosening and improving system reliability.

[0028] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solutions, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: A magnetic suction component is provided on the mating surface of the clamping part, allowing adjacent clamping parts to be quickly connected by magnetic attraction. This solves the operational problem of requiring manual support and simultaneous tightening in traditional fastening methods, making it particularly suitable for high-altitude operations in tunnels, simplifying the installation process and improving efficiency. The mutually cooperating magnetic protrusions and grooves provide precise positioning while magnetically attracting, ensuring accurate alignment of adjacent clamping parts and preventing fiber optic deformation due to misalignment. By adding an intermediate clamping unit, the clamping part can simultaneously clamp multiple layers of optical fibers, expanding the monitoring dimensions and forming an optical fiber grid for collecting tunnel roof settlement data. This optical fiber grid can simultaneously monitor the strain of the tunnel roof in different directions, breaking the limitations of traditional one-dimensional monitoring, comprehensively capturing the spatial deformation morphology of the roof, and improving the reliability and data comprehensiveness of the distributed optical fiber monitoring system. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is an exploded view of the distributed optical fiber installation mechanism of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the top clamping unit of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the intermediate clamping unit of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom clamping unit of this utility model; Figure 5 This is an assembly drawing of the distributed optical fiber installation mechanism containing an intermediate clamping unit according to this utility model. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention for installing an optical fiber mesh using a distributed optical fiber installation mechanism; Figure 7 This is an assembly drawing of the distributed optical fiber installation mechanism of this utility model without the intermediate clamping unit.

[0030] In the diagram, the markings are: 10-anchor, 20-coupling clamp, 21-clamping part, 211-top clamping unit, 212-middle clamping unit, 213-bottom clamping unit, 214-clamping groove, 215-fastening hole, 2112-magnetic component, 21121-magnetic protrusion, 21122-magnetic groove, 30-fastener, 40-optical fiber, and 50-carrying tray. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model.

[0033] Example 1 A distributed fiber optic installation mechanism, such as Figures 1-6 As shown, the device includes an anchor 10 and a coupling clamp 20. One end of the anchor 10 is fixed to the top surface of the target area, and in this embodiment, it is fixed to the top surface of the tunnel. The other end of the anchor 10 is used to install the coupling clamp 20. The coupling clamp 20 includes multiple clamping parts 21, each clamping part 21 having a mating surface. The mating surface is provided with a clamping groove 214. When the mating surfaces of two adjacent clamping parts 21 are mated together, the clamping grooves 214 on the two clamping parts 21 together form a clamping channel for accommodating the optical fiber 40. The mating surface is provided with a magnetic suction component 2112, and two adjacent clamping parts 21 are magnetically connected through the magnetic suction component 2112. Specifically, by providing a magnetic attraction component 2112 on the mating surface of the clamping part 21, adjacent clamping parts 21 can be quickly connected by magnetic attraction, simplifying the installation process on the tunnel roof, facilitating on-site assembly and adjustment, and adapting to the complex environment of the tunnel roof. Simultaneously, the magnetic attraction provides a stable pre-tightening force, ensuring a tight fit between the clamping parts 21. It is understood that the magnetic attraction component 2112 can be a permanent magnet embedded within the clamping part 21, or a separately installed magnetic plate. When two clamping parts 21 approach each other, the magnetic attraction automatically guides them to mate and maintain a pressed state, avoiding the inconvenience of long-term manual lifting and positioning during high-altitude operations. In other embodiments, the magnetic attraction component 2112 can also be an electromagnet, with the presence or absence of magnetic attraction controlled by switching on and off power. Power is cut off and demagnetization is performed when the optical fiber 40 needs to be adjusted or disassembled.

[0034] The magnetic suction component 2112 includes mutually cooperating magnetic suction protrusions 21121 and magnetic suction grooves 21122, which are respectively disposed on the mating surfaces of adjacent clamping parts 21. Specifically, the mutually cooperating magnetic suction protrusions 21121 and magnetic suction grooves 21122 play a positioning role, ensuring that adjacent clamping parts 21 are precisely aligned and avoiding misalignment, so that the clamping channel can accurately clamp the optical fiber 40, further improving the ease of operation in top plate installation scenarios. It is understandable that the magnetic protrusion 21121 and the magnetic groove 21122 can be magnetic, or only one of them can be made of magnetic material while the other is made of magnetically attractable metal. When the magnetic protrusion 21121 is inserted into the magnetic groove 21122, the magnetic force makes the two fit tightly together. At the same time, the cooperation between the magnetic protrusion 21121 and the magnetic groove 21122 restricts the lateral displacement between the clamping parts 21, ensuring the concentricity of the clamping channel. Figure 1 As shown, the number of magnetic protrusions 21121 and magnetic grooves 21122 can be set to multiple and distributed in an array (four sets of magnetic protrusions 21121 and magnetic grooves 21122 are set on each mating surface in the figure) to further enhance positioning accuracy and connection stability.

[0035] The magnetic protrusion 21121 is a hemispherical protrusion, and the magnetic groove 21122 is a hemispherical groove. Specifically, the cooperation between the hemispherical protrusion and the hemispherical groove makes the alignment of the magnetic component 2112 in any direction smoother. At the same time, the hemispherical structure can provide multi-point contact, expanding the range of magnetic force. It can be understood that the hemispherical structure has self-centering characteristics. Even if there is a slight angular deviation between the two clamping parts 21 when they are mated, the hemispherical protrusion can slide to the lowest point in the groove to achieve automatic centering, reducing the difficulty of alignment during installation. In other embodiments, the magnetic protrusion 21121 and the magnetic groove 21122 can also be set as conical, pyramidal, or other polyhedral shapes, which can also achieve the guiding and positioning functions, but the hemispherical shape is simpler to process and less prone to wear.

[0036] Each clamping part 21 is provided with a fastening hole 215. When two adjacent clamping parts 21 are engaged, the fastening holes 215 on each clamping part 21 correspond to each other. The fastening holes 215 are used to install fasteners 30, and the fasteners 30 pass through the corresponding fastening holes 215 to fasten the multiple clamping parts 21 together. In this embodiment, the fasteners 30 adopt a conventional bolt and nut combination. Specifically, in complex environments such as tunnel roofs, there are long-term interference factors such as mechanical vibration, rock strata micro-movement, or airflow impact. Although relying solely on magnetic attraction can achieve rapid installation and initial pre-tightening, the magnetic attraction may weaken due to vibration or temperature changes. Building upon the precise alignment provided by magnetic attraction, fastening holes 215 and fasteners 30 are added to further reinforce the connection between the clamping parts 21 through mechanical fastening. Fasteners 30 provide additional locking force to prevent magnetic attraction failure due to external vibration or other factors, ensuring the clamping parts 21 always remain tightly fitted. Because the magnetic attraction holds the clamping parts 21 in place, installing fasteners 30 is more convenient, eliminating the need for manual support of the clamping parts 21 and effectively reducing damage to the optical fiber 40 caused by misalignment of adjacent clamping parts 21 during installation. Understandably, during installation, each clamping part 21 is initially fixed using magnetic attraction. At this point, the clamping parts 21 are precisely aligned, allowing the installer to free their hands to insert and tighten the bolts one by one, making the entire process easy and quick.

[0037] The clamping part 21 includes a top clamping unit 211 and a bottom clamping unit 213. The mating surface of the top clamping unit 211 is located on the bottom surface of the top clamping unit 211, and the mating surface of the bottom clamping unit 213 is located on the top surface of the bottom clamping unit 213. The top clamping unit 211 is detachably connected to the anchor 10 via a connecting component, and the bottom clamping unit 213 is connected to the lower part of the top clamping unit 211. Specifically, the clamping part 21 is divided into a top clamping unit 211 and a bottom clamping unit 213. The top clamping unit 211 is detachably connected to the anchor 10, which facilitates on-site installation, disassembly, and maintenance. The bottom clamping unit 213 is connected to the lower part of the top clamping unit 211 and achieves rapid alignment and mating with the top clamping unit 211 through magnetic attraction, improving the convenience of laying the optical fiber 40. Understandably, during the construction of the tunnel roof, the anchor 10 can be fixed to the roof first, and then the top clamping unit 211 can be installed on the anchor 10. At this time, the top clamping unit 211 is in place, and the operator only needs to lift the bottom clamping unit 213 with the fiber optic 40 in place upwards and use magnetic attraction to make it attract with the top clamping unit 211 to complete the installation.

[0038] The clamping part 21 further includes an intermediate clamping unit 212. The mating surfaces of the intermediate clamping unit 212 are located on its top and bottom surfaces, and the intermediate clamping unit 212 is positioned between the top clamping unit 211 and the bottom clamping unit 213. Specifically, by adding the intermediate clamping unit 212, the clamping part 21 can simultaneously clamp multiple layers of optical fibers 40, further expanding the monitoring dimension. The top and bottom surfaces of the intermediate clamping unit 212 are provided with mating surfaces, which can form multiple clamping channels with the upper and lower units, thereby enabling the deployment of multiple optical fibers 40 in the same location. This provides a structural basis for constructing a two-dimensional distributed sensing network and helps to comprehensively capture the spatial deformation morphology of the top plate. Understandably, depending on the monitoring needs, multiple clamping grooves 214 can be stacked between the top clamping unit 211 and the bottom clamping unit 213, and intermediate clamping units 212 can be set in different ways. Each additional intermediate clamping unit 212 adds a layer of optical fiber 40, thereby achieving comprehensive monitoring of multiple layers and directions on the top of the tunnel.

[0039] The top clamping unit 211 is connected to the anchor 10 via a connecting component. The connecting component includes a support tray 50, which has a magnetic suction component 2112 for assembling the top clamping unit 211. The fastener 30 is installed on the support tray 50. Specifically, by adding the support tray 50 as a connecting component, the top clamping unit 211 and the anchor 10 are detachably connected. The magnetic suction component 2112 on the support tray 50 allows the top clamping unit 211 to be quickly attracted and positioned without additional tools or complex alignment operations. Simultaneously, the fastener 30 is installed on the support tray 50, eliminating the need for additional fastener fixing operations and making installation more convenient. It is understood that during on-site installation, the support tray 50 is first fixed to the anchor 10, and then the fastener 30 is installed on the support tray 50. The fastener 30 can also be pre-installed with the support tray 50. In this embodiment, four screws are used as the fastener 30. When installing the coupling clamp 20, the fastening hole 215 on the top clamping unit 211 is passed through the screw that serves as the fastener 30. When the top clamping unit 211 approaches the support tray 50, the magnetic attraction force generated by the magnetic attraction component 2112 on the support tray 50 guides the top clamping unit 211 to automatically attract and precisely align, allowing the top clamping unit 211 to accurately sit in the predetermined installation position. With the magnetic attraction keeping the top clamping unit 211 stable, the operator can proceed with the wiring of the optical fiber 40 along the first horizontal direction without manual support. Then, in the same manner, the middle clamping unit 212 is magnetically attracted at the bottom of the top clamping unit 211, and the optical fiber 40 is then wired along the second horizontal direction. Finally, the bottom clamping unit 213 is magnetically attracted, and the optical fibers 40 in the two directions interweave to form a... Figure 6 The fiber optic mesh shown. Or as... Figure 7As shown, without installing the intermediate clamping unit 212, the bottom clamping unit 213 is directly magnetically attached below the top clamping unit 211 for single-dimensional fiber optic 40 cabling. Finally, washers and nuts are installed on the screw to complete the mechanical fixation of the fastener 30 to the coupling clamp 20. This process utilizes the guiding and temporary fixing effect of magnetic attraction, simplifying the complex alignment and fastening operations into two simple steps: "adsorption" and "locking," greatly improving installation efficiency and operational safety in complex environments such as high altitudes or confined spaces.

[0040] In other embodiments, the support tray 50 can also be designed with an angle-adjustable structure. For example, the support tray 50 may have an adjustable-angle rotating shaft structure, with fasteners 30 and coupling clamps mounted on the rotating shaft structure. This allows the rotation angle of the support tray 50 to be adjusted according to the actual orientation of the roadway or the preset layout direction of the optical fiber 40 before installing the top clamping unit 211. This adjustable-angle support tray 50 can flexibly adapt to roadways with different orientations, ensuring that the extension direction of the subsequently installed clamping part 21 and the optical fiber 40 precisely matches the monitoring requirements, further improving the adaptability and installation accuracy of the entire distributed optical fiber 40 installation mechanism. The rotating shaft structure can be manually adjusted or automatically adjusted via electric drive. For example, in scenarios requiring frequent adjustments to the monitoring direction or with complex roadway orientations, a micro motor connected to a controller can be introduced to the rotating shaft structure. Operators can precisely control the rotation angle of the support tray 50 from the ground or a remote terminal, eliminating the need for manual adjustment at heights, thus improving both adjustment efficiency and operational safety. In addition, the rotating shaft structure can be equipped with an angle sensor to provide real-time feedback on the current angle position, facilitating comparison and calibration with a preset monitoring direction. Alternatively, the rotating shaft structure can employ a dial-type adjustment mechanism. When angle adjustment is required, the operator first loosens the locking nut to disengage the upper and lower gears, then rotates the rotating disk to the desired angle, and finally tightens the locking nut to re-engage the gears. This structure achieves angle positioning through gear engagement, offering advantages such as high adjustment accuracy, good vibration resistance, and resistance to loosening over long-term use. It is particularly suitable for applications requiring precise positioning and with low adjustment frequency.

[0041] The clamping groove 214 on the top surface of the intermediate clamping unit 212 is oriented along a first horizontal direction, and the clamping groove 214 on the bottom surface of the intermediate clamping unit 212 is oriented along a second horizontal direction. The first and second horizontal directions intersect each other. Specifically, the intersecting axes of the clamping grooves 214 on the top and bottom surfaces of the intermediate clamping unit 212 allow the clamped optical fibers 40 to extend in different directions, thereby enabling simultaneous monitoring of the strain of the tunnel roof in different directions. This design breaks through the limitations of traditional one-dimensional monitoring, enabling the capture of uneven lateral settlement of the roof, improving the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the monitoring data. The intersecting directions can be adjusted according to actual needs to adapt to deformation monitoring requirements under different geological conditions. It is understood that when the tunnel roof settles, the strain in different directions is different. By deploying optical fibers 40 in intersecting directions, strain data of the roof in multiple directions can be obtained, thereby more accurately reconstructing the shape and extent of the settlement. In other embodiments, the axial direction of the clamping groove 214 can be customized according to the geological survey results. For example, the monitoring direction can be densified near the fault zone or the groove can be focused on the principal stress direction.

[0042] The first horizontal direction and the second horizontal direction are perpendicular to each other. Specifically, setting the two directions to be perpendicular allows for the formation of an orthogonal monitoring network, facilitating independent analysis of the roof's longitudinal and lateral deformation. The perpendicular design makes strain data easier to decouple, thereby accurately calculating the roof's displacement components in different directions and providing more precise input for settlement analysis. This orthogonal layout is particularly effective in tunnel cross-section monitoring, clearly reflecting the spatial deformation morphology of the roof. It is understood that perpendicular orthogonality is the simplest and most commonly used direction combination, consistent with the coordinate system. During data processing, measured values ​​can be directly projected onto the X and Y axes, simplifying the calculation model. In other embodiments, if there is a clearly dominant deformation direction in the monitoring area, the two directions can also be set at a 45-degree angle or other angles to better capture the deformation characteristics in a specific direction.

[0043] The clamping groove 214 has a semi-circular cross-section. Specifically, the semi-circular clamping groove 214 can match the shape of the cylindrical optical fiber 40, restricting the position of the optical fiber 40 while maximizing its protection against damage, thereby ensuring the stability of long-term monitoring. It is understood that the semi-circular groove forms line or surface contact with the outer surface of the optical fiber 40, without sharp edges, avoiding stress concentration that could lead to micro-bending loss or breakage of the optical fiber 40. In other embodiments, for optical fibers 40 or sensing elements with special cross-sectional shapes, the clamping groove 214 can also be designed as V-shaped, U-shaped, or rectangular, but a semi-circular shape is the most common and provides the best protection.

[0044] The inner wall of the clamping groove 214 is provided with an anti-slip pad. Specifically, the anti-slip pad on the inner wall of the clamping groove 214 increases the friction between the optical fiber 40 and the clamping part 21, effectively preventing the optical fiber 40 from sliding within the channel. The anti-slip pad is typically made of an elastic material, capable of accommodating minor deformations of the optical fiber 40 while providing cushioning, further ensuring a tight coupling between the optical fiber 40 and the clamping part 21. This design is particularly important in vibration environments, preventing measurement errors caused by loosening of the optical fiber 40 and improving system reliability. It is understood that the anti-slip pad can be made of materials such as rubber, silicone, or polyurethane, and its surface can be textured to increase the coefficient of friction. When the clamping part 21 is engaged, the anti-slip pad is slightly compressed, both holding the optical fiber 40 tightly and providing vibration damping. In other embodiments, the anti-slip pad can be an elastic layer formed by secondary injection molding with the clamping part 21, or it can be an independent pad embedded later.

[0045] This document uses specific embodiments to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this utility model. The descriptions of the embodiments above are only intended to help understand the method and core ideas of this utility model. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications to this utility model without departing from its principles, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of this utility model.

[0046] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the utility model product is in use. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0047] In the description of this utility model, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

Claims

1. A distributed optical fiber installation mechanism, comprising an anchor and a coupling clamp, wherein one end of the anchor is fixed to the top surface of a target area along its length, and the other end is used to install the coupling clamp, the coupling clamp comprising a plurality of clamping portions, each clamping portion having a mating surface, the mating surface being provided with a clamping groove, wherein when the mating surfaces of two adjacent clamping portions are mated together, the clamping grooves on the two clamping portions together form a clamping channel for accommodating optical fibers; characterized in that, The mating surface is provided with a magnetic attraction component, and two adjacent clamping parts are magnetically connected through the magnetic attraction component.

2. The distributed optical fiber installation mechanism as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic attraction component includes magnetic attraction protrusions and magnetic attraction grooves that cooperate with each other, and the magnetic attraction protrusions and magnetic attraction grooves are respectively provided on the mating surfaces of adjacent clamping parts.

3. The distributed optical fiber installation mechanism as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The magnetic protrusion is a hemispherical protrusion, and the magnetic groove is a hemispherical groove.

4. The distributed optical fiber installation mechanism as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The clamping part includes a top clamping unit and a bottom clamping unit. The mating surface of the top clamping unit is located on the bottom surface of the top clamping unit, and the mating surface of the bottom clamping unit is located on the top surface of the bottom clamping unit. The top clamping unit is detachably connected to the anchor through a connecting component, and the bottom clamping unit is connected to the lower part of the top clamping unit.

5. The distributed optical fiber installation mechanism as described in claim 4, characterized in that, Each of the clamping parts is provided with a fastening hole. When two adjacent clamping parts are engaged, the fastening holes on each clamping part correspond to each other. The fastening holes are used to install fasteners. The fasteners pass through the corresponding fastening holes to fasten the multiple clamping parts together.

6. The distributed optical fiber installation mechanism as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The clamping part further includes an intermediate clamping unit, the mating surfaces of which are located on the top and bottom surfaces of the intermediate clamping unit, and the intermediate clamping unit is located between the top clamping unit and the bottom clamping unit.

7. The distributed optical fiber installation mechanism as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The axis of the clamping groove on the top surface of the intermediate clamping unit is set along a first horizontal direction, and the axis of the clamping groove on the bottom surface of the intermediate clamping unit is set along a second horizontal direction. The first horizontal direction and the second horizontal direction intersect each other.

8. The distributed optical fiber installation mechanism as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The first horizontal direction and the second horizontal direction are perpendicular to each other.

9. The distributed optical fiber installation mechanism as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The top clamping unit is connected to the anchor via a connecting component, the connecting component including a carrying tray, the carrying tray being provided with a magnetic suction component, and the fastener being installed on the carrying tray.

10. The distributed optical fiber installation mechanism as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The clamping groove has a semi-circular cross-section; the inner wall of the clamping groove is provided with an anti-slip pad.

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