An intelligent human activity sensing lamp system
The intelligent human activity sensing lighting system uses pyroelectric infrared sensors and photoresistors to detect human activity and ambient light, and combines this with a microcontroller for logical judgment. This solves the problems of cumbersome operation and power waste in traditional lighting control, and achieves automatic and energy-saving lighting management.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202522080017.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-25
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-09-27
AI Technical Summary
Traditional mechanical switches are cumbersome to operate, lighting control in public places wastes electricity, and timed switching of lights requires manual adjustment to adapt to seasonal changes.
The system employs an intelligent human activity sensing light system. It uses a pyroelectric infrared sensor to detect human activity, combined with a photoresistor to detect ambient light, and a microcontroller to make logical judgments. The system controls a relay to turn on the lights only when there is human activity and the ambient light is insufficient, and a timer is set to turn them off.
It achieves automatic and intelligent lighting control, avoiding power waste caused by prolonged operation, adapting to different lighting conditions, and is suitable for public places and home lighting.
Smart Images
Figure CN224684407U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of lighting control circuits, and in particular to an intelligent human activity sensing lighting system. Background Technology
[0002] Traditional mechanical switches are cumbersome to operate, especially for controlling lights in public places such as stairwells, parking lots, corridors, and outdoor streetlights. Timed switches waste electricity when left on for extended periods, and the difference in brightness between summer and winter requires additional adjustment. Utility Model Content
[0003] The main purpose of this invention is to propose an intelligent human activity sensing light system that intelligently senses and controls human activity.
[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model proposes an intelligent human activity sensing light system, comprising: The power supply section of the control system includes input voltage AC1 and input voltage AC2. The input voltage AC2 is connected in series with fuse F1 and is connected to terminal 1 of rectifier bridge BD1. The input voltage AC2 is also connected to terminal 3 of rectifier bridge BD1. A current transformer TR1 and a capacitor C2 are connected in parallel between the input voltages AC1 and AC2. A unidirectional diode D1, a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a capacitor C2, and an inductor L1 are connected in series at the second terminal of the rectifier bridge BD1. Control chip U1, which is used to convert AC current to DC 12V. Control chip U2 is used to convert DC12V to DC3.3V; the DC3.3V is used to power control chip U3 and the pyroelectric infrared sensor. The control chip U3 is also connected to a photoresistor CDS1; At the AC load terminal, the first terminal is connected between TR1 and capacitor C2, and capacitor C0 is connected in series. The second terminal of the AC load terminal is connected in series with AC2 after passing through fuse F1. A relay RY1 and a resistor R10 are connected in series between the first and second terminals of the AC load. The control chip U3 is used to control the on / off state of relay RY1.
[0005] Preferably, the control chip U1 is OB2225M.
[0006] Preferably, the resistor R2 and capacitor C2 are connected to pin 1 of the control chip U1. Capacitor C2 and inductor L1 are connected to pin 2 of control chip U1. Resistor R3 is connected in series between pin 2 and pin 4 of control chip U1. A capacitor C3 is connected in series between terminals 4 and 2 of rectifier bridge BD1. A capacitor C7 is connected in series with terminal C3. The positive terminal of capacitor C7 is connected to pins 5, 6, 7, and 8 of control chip U1, respectively. A diode D4, a capacitor C9, and a resistor R5 are connected in parallel between the first pin of the control chip U1 and the fourth terminal of the rectifier bridge BD1. A resistor D2 is also connected in series between the first pin of the control chip U1 and the diode D4.
[0007] Preferably, the control chip U3 is FT61EC21B-R8.
[0008] Preferably, pin 6 of the control chip U3 is connected in series with MOSFET Q2. One end of the MOSFET Q2 is connected to the photoresistor CDS1, and a resistor R9 is connected in series between the photoresistor CDS1 and the DC3.3V output terminal.
[0009] Preferably, the pyroelectric infrared sensor is connected to the MOS transistor Q1. The two ends of the MOS transistor Q1 are respectively connected to the two ends of the control chip U3.
[0010] Preferably, the control chip U2 is model HT7133.
[0011] Advantages of this application: 1. AC Input and Protection: AC mains power (live wire L, neutral wire N) is input through interface J1 and overcurrent protection is provided by fuse F1. Varistor TR1 is used to absorb surge voltage from the power grid to prevent high-voltage impact.
[0012] Rectification and filtering: The rectifier bridge BD1 converts AC power into pulsating DC power, which is then filtered by capacitors C1, C2, etc., to form a preliminary DC bus.
[0013] DC voltage regulation: After current limiting and voltage reduction by R1, the voltage is stabilized at 3.3V by the voltage regulator chip U2 (HT7133), providing a stable and clean low-voltage DC power supply for the subsequent sensing unit U1 and main control unit U3.
[0014] 2. Sensing and Signal Processing Module Pyroelectric infrared sensor: This is the core of human movement detection. After the sensor detects changes in infrared radiation of a specific wavelength emitted by the human body, it outputs a weak electrical signal.
[0015] Signal conditioning circuit: This circuit (integrated within U1 or composed of external operational amplifiers) amplifies and filters the raw signal from the PIR sensor and compares it with a reference voltage. Finally, upon confirmation of a valid trigger, it outputs a digital signal (high level) to the main control unit U3. External resistors R3-R5 and capacitors C4-C6 are used to set the amplification gain, filtering frequency, and trigger delay, which determine the sensor's sensitivity and the duration of the signal after triggering.
[0016] Photosensitive detection unit: The photoresistor CDS1 and resistor R11 form a voltage divider circuit. The stronger the ambient light, the smaller the resistance of CDS1, and the lower the voltage at the voltage divider point; conversely, the dimmer the light, the higher the voltage. This voltage signal is sent to the main control unit U3 to determine the ambient light intensity.
[0017] 3. Main control and logic judgment module Main control chip: The microcontroller U3 is the brain of the system, continuously monitoring two input signals: PIR trigger signal: from the sensing module, indicating "human activity".
[0018] Photosensitive signal: from CDS1, indicating "insufficient ambient light".
[0019] Logic and Timing: The U3's internal program sets the control logic: the U3 will only make a decision to turn on the light when both "human activity" and "insufficient ambient light" are met simultaneously. Once triggered, the U3 will start a programmable timer to control the load to light up for a predetermined period of time (such as 30 seconds), and then automatically turn off, thus avoiding the waste of "always-on" lights.
[0020] The microcontroller detects the high and low levels of the CDS photodiode to determine whether it is in standby mode or in sensing mode. The MCU's pin 4 detects the high and low levels of the CDS photodiode to control its on / off state. The photodiode is equivalent to a smart master switch. When the smart master switch is off, the entire lamp is in low-power standby mode. When the smart master switch is on, the MCU officially starts and enters the infrared sensor sensing mode.
[0021] When the S1 infrared sensor detects human activity, pin 6 of the control chip U3 outputs a PWM signal, the base of transistor Q2 (resistor R11) goes high, the RY1 relay conducts, and the signal passes through the NTC of R10 to the lighting load (LED light load, black filament light). After the S1 infrared sensor detects no human activity, a 60-second countdown occurs, the base of transistor Q2 (resistor R11) goes low, the RY1 relay turns off, and the lighting load turns off.
[0022] This solution addresses energy waste in public places such as hallways, restrooms, bedrooms, and parking lots. The pyroelectric infrared sensor smart switch can be used in practical applications including home lighting products, commercial lighting products, and outdoor lighting products.
[0023] Key components include: a pyroelectric infrared sensor, a CDS photodiode for starting and stopping the LUX load lighting with a countdown timer, and a control chip U3 that outputs PWM to control the transistor's on / off state to switch the relay on and off. The relay is connected in series with an NTC to the lighting load. Attached Figure Description
[0024] Figure 1 This is the circuit diagram of this utility model. Detailed Implementation
[0025] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this utility model, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.
[0026] It should be noted that if any directional indication (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, top, bottom, inside, outside, vertical, horizontal, longitudinal, counterclockwise, clockwise, circumferential, radial, axial, etc.) is involved in the embodiments of this utility model, the directional indication is only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.
[0027] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this utility model involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," such descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, features defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, such a combination of technical solutions should be considered non-existent and not within the scope of protection claimed by this utility model.
[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, an intelligent human activity sensing system includes, The power supply section of the control system includes input voltage AC1 and input voltage AC2. The input voltage AC2 is connected in series with fuse F1 and is connected to terminal 1 of rectifier bridge BD1. The input voltage AC2 is also connected to terminal 3 of rectifier bridge BD1. A current transformer TR1 and a capacitor C2 are connected in parallel between the input voltages AC1 and AC2. A unidirectional diode D1, a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a capacitor C2, and an inductor L1 are connected in series at the second terminal of the rectifier bridge BD1. Control chip U1, which is used to convert AC current to DC 12V. Control chip U2 is used to convert DC12V to DC3.3V; the DC3.3V is used to power control chip U3 and the pyroelectric infrared sensor. The control chip U3 is also connected to a photoresistor CDS1; At the AC load terminal, the first terminal is connected between TR1 and capacitor C2, and capacitor C0 is connected in series. The second terminal of the AC load terminal is connected in series with AC2 after passing through fuse F1. A relay RY1 and a resistor R10 are connected in series between the first and second terminals of the AC load. The control chip U3 is used to control the on / off state of relay RY1.
[0029] AC Input and Protection: AC mains power (live wire L, neutral wire N) is input through interface J1 and overcurrent protection is provided by fuse F1. Varistor TR1 is used to absorb surge voltage from the mains to prevent high-voltage impact.
[0030] Rectification and filtering: The rectifier bridge BD1 converts AC power into pulsating DC power, which is then filtered by capacitors C1, C2, etc., to form a preliminary DC bus.
[0031] DC voltage regulation: After current limiting and voltage reduction by R1, the voltage is stabilized at 3.3V by the voltage regulator chip U2 (HT7133), providing a stable and clean low-voltage DC power supply for the subsequent sensing unit U1 and main control unit U3.
[0032] 2. Sensing and Signal Processing Module Pyroelectric infrared sensor: This is the core of human movement detection. After the sensor detects changes in infrared radiation of a specific wavelength emitted by the human body, it outputs a weak electrical signal.
[0033] Signal conditioning circuit: This circuit (integrated within U1 or composed of external operational amplifiers) amplifies and filters the raw signal from the PIR sensor and compares it with a reference voltage. Finally, upon confirmation of a valid trigger, it outputs a digital signal (high level) to the main control unit U3. External resistors R3-R5 and capacitors C4-C6 are used to set the amplification gain, filtering frequency, and trigger delay, which determine the sensor's sensitivity and the duration of the signal after triggering.
[0034] Photosensitive detection unit: The photoresistor CDS1 and resistor R11 form a voltage divider circuit. The stronger the ambient light, the smaller the resistance of CDS1, and the lower the voltage at the voltage divider point; conversely, the dimmer the light, the higher the voltage. This voltage signal is sent to the main control unit U3 to determine the ambient light intensity.
[0035] 3. Main control and logic judgment module Main control chip: The microcontroller U3 is the brain of the system, continuously monitoring two input signals: PIR trigger signal: from the sensor module, indicating "person activity".
[0036] Photosensitive signal: from CDS1, indicating "insufficient ambient light".
[0037] Logic and Timing: The U3's internal program sets the control logic: the U3 will only make the decision to turn on the light when both "there is activity" and "insufficient ambient light" are met simultaneously. Once triggered, the U3 will start a programmable timer to control the load to light up for a predetermined period of time (such as 30 seconds), and then automatically turn off, thus avoiding the waste of "always-on" lights.
[0038] The microcontroller detects the high and low levels of the CDS photodiode to determine whether it is in standby mode or in sensing mode. The MCU's pin 4 detects the high and low levels of the CDS photodiode to control its on / off state. The photodiode is equivalent to a smart master switch. When the smart master switch is off, the entire lamp is in low-power standby mode. When the smart master switch is on, the MCU officially starts and enters the infrared sensor sensing mode.
[0039] When the S1 infrared sensor detects human activity, pin 6 of the control chip U3 outputs a PWM signal, the base of transistor Q2 (resistor R11) goes high, the RY1 relay conducts, and the signal passes through the NTC of R10 to the lighting load (LED light load, black filament light). After the S1 infrared sensor detects no human activity, a 60-second countdown occurs, the base of transistor Q2 (resistor R11) goes low, the RY1 relay turns off, and the lighting load turns off.
[0040] This solution addresses energy waste in public places such as hallways, restrooms, bedrooms, and parking lots. The pyroelectric infrared sensor smart switch can be used in practical applications including home lighting products, commercial lighting products, and outdoor lighting products.
[0041] Key components include: a pyroelectric infrared sensor, a CDS photodiode for starting and stopping the LUX load lighting with a countdown timer, and a control chip U3 that outputs PWM to control the transistor's on / off state to switch the relay on and off. The relay is connected in series with an NTC to the lighting load.
[0042] Specifically, the control chip U1 is OB2225M.
[0043] Specifically, the resistor R2 and capacitor C2 are connected to pin 1 of the control chip U1. Capacitor C2 and inductor L1 are connected to pin 2 of control chip U1. Resistor R3 is connected in series between pin 2 and pin 4 of control chip U1. A capacitor C3 is connected in series between terminals 4 and 2 of rectifier bridge BD1. A capacitor C7 is connected in series with terminal C3. The positive terminal of capacitor C7 is connected to pins 5, 6, 7, and 8 of control chip U1, respectively. A diode D4, a capacitor C9, and a resistor R5 are connected in parallel between the first pin of the control chip U1 and the fourth terminal of the rectifier bridge BD1. A resistor D2 is also connected in series between the first pin of the control chip U1 and the diode D4 to convert the voltage from AC to DC 12V.
[0044] Specifically, the control chip U3 is FT61EC21B-R8.
[0045] Specifically, pin 6 of the control chip U3 is connected in series with MOSFET Q2. One end of the MOSFET Q2 is connected to the photoresistor CDS1, and a resistor R9 is connected in series between the photoresistor CDS1 and the DC 3.3V output terminal. (This enables the photoresistor to output a switching signal.) Specifically, the pyroelectric infrared sensor is connected to the MOS transistor Q1. The two ends of the MOS transistor Q1 are connected to the two ends of the control chip U3 respectively, thereby acquiring human body sensing signals.
[0046] Specifically, the control chip U2 is model HT7133.
[0047] In specific circuit designs, U1 typically integrates an operational amplifier. The external components R3, R4, R5, C4, C5, and C6 together determine the amplifier's gain (sensitivity) and bandwidth (filtering frequency) to ensure that only valid human movement signals can be identified.
[0048] Delay timer: Determined by the chip's internal circuitry and external components (such as R6, C7, etc.). When a human body is detected, the OUT pin of U1 will output a high level for a sustained period of time, which is the duration the light stays on, thus preventing the light from turning off as soon as a person moves.
[0049] CDS1 photoresistor: Its characteristic is that the stronger the light, the lower the resistance value; the dimmer the light, the higher the resistance value.
[0050] Resistor R11: Forms a voltage divider circuit with CDS1. Changes in ambient light will cause voltage changes at the divider points. This voltage signal is sent to a specific I / O port of the MCU, and the MCU determines the ambient light level by reading this voltage value.
[0051] Driving transistor Q2: When the MCU decides to turn on the light, it will output a high level from an I / O port (such as a PWM port). This signal, after passing through the current-limiting resistor R10, drives the NPN transistor Q2 to saturate and conduct.
[0052] Relay RY1: This is an electromagnetic switch.
[0053] Coil terminal: When Q2 is turned on, the relay coil is energized and generates a magnetic field.
[0054] Contact terminal: The magnetic field of the coil attracts the normally open contact inside, which is equivalent to closing a switch. This contact is connected in series in the power supply circuit of the "AC load" (light bulb), thereby connecting the power supply to the lamp.
[0055] The freewheeling diode (also known as a flywheel diode) D5 is connected in parallel across the relay coil. When Q2 is suddenly cut off (the light is turned off), the coil generates a very high reverse induced electromotive force. D5 provides a discharge path for this, preventing this high voltage from damaging the transistor Q2. It is an important protective component.
[0056] AC output ports: On the right side of the circuit diagram, L_out and N_out are connected to the controlled lighting fixtures.
[0057] During the day: CDS1 has a low resistance. The MCU detects the ambient light intensity. Even if someone passes by (triggered by U1), the MCU does not output a signal and the light does not turn on.
[0058] At night: CDS1 has a high resistance, indicating that the MCU detects weak ambient light. If someone enters the sensing area at this time, U1 outputs a high level to the MCU.
[0059] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and does not limit the patent scope of the present utility model. All equivalent structural transformations made under the inventive concept of the present utility model using the contents of the present utility model specification and drawings, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present utility model.
Claims
1. An intelligent human activity sensing lighting system, characterized in that, include, The power supply section of the control system includes input voltage AC1 and input voltage AC2. The input voltage AC2 is connected in series with fuse F1 and is connected to terminal 1 of rectifier bridge BD1. The input voltage AC2 is also connected to terminal 3 of rectifier bridge BD1. A current transformer TR1 and a capacitor C2 are connected in parallel between the input voltages AC1 and AC2. A unidirectional diode D1, a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a capacitor C2, and an inductor L1 are connected in series at the second terminal of the rectifier bridge BD1. Control chip U1, which is used to convert AC current to DC 12V. Control chip U2 is used to convert DC12V to DC3.3V; the DC3.3V is used to power control chip U3 and the pyroelectric infrared sensor. The control chip U3 is also connected to a photoresistor CDS1; At the AC load terminal, the first terminal is connected between TR1 and capacitor C2, and capacitor C0 is connected in series. The second terminal of the AC load terminal is connected in series with AC2 after passing through fuse F1. A relay RY1 and a resistor R10 are connected in series between the first and second terminals of the AC load. The control chip U3 is used to control the on / off state of relay RY1.
2. The intelligent human activity sensing light system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The control chip U1 is OB2225M.
3. The intelligent human activity sensing light system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The resistor R2 and capacitor C2 are connected to pin 1 of the control chip U1. Capacitor C2 and inductor L1 are connected to pin 2 of control chip U1. Resistor R3 is connected in series between pin 2 and pin 4 of control chip U1. A capacitor C3 is connected in series between terminals 4 and 2 of rectifier bridge BD1. A capacitor C7 is connected in series with terminal C3. The positive terminal of capacitor C7 is connected to pins 5, 6, 7, and 8 of control chip U1, respectively. A diode D4, a capacitor C9, and a resistor R5 are connected in parallel between the first pin of the control chip U1 and the fourth terminal of the rectifier bridge BD1. A resistor D2 is also connected in series between the first pin of the control chip U1 and the diode D4.
4. The intelligent human activity sensing light system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The control chip U3 is FT61EC21B-R8.
5. The intelligent human activity sensing light system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The MOSFET Q2 is connected in series with the 6th pin of the control chip U3. One end of the MOSFET Q2 is connected to the photoresistor CDS1, and a resistor R9 is connected in series between the photoresistor CDS1 and the DC3.3V output terminal.
6. The intelligent human activity sensing light system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The pyroelectric infrared sensor is connected to the MOS transistor Q1. The two ends of the MOS transistor Q1 are respectively connected to the two ends of the control chip U3.
7. The intelligent human activity sensing light system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The control chip U2 is model HT7133.