Active equalization management system for a polymer lithium-ion battery pack
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202522479817.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-21
- Publication Date
- 2026-11-03
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-11-21
AI Technical Summary
Existing polymer lithium-ion battery packs suffer from overcharging or over-discharging of some cells due to capacity differences and voltage imbalances between individual cells during charging and discharging, affecting lifespan and safety. Furthermore, existing equalization management systems suffer from low energy utilization, complex circuit design, and high cost.
An active balancing management system is adopted, including an energy harvesting module, an energy distribution module, a control module, an energy storage module, a detection module, and a communication module. Through energy harvesting, distribution, storage, and detection functions, supplemented by an auxiliary balancing module to provide backup paths, efficient energy transfer is achieved using inductive components and power switching transistors, energy is stored using supercapacitors, and the communication module uses wireless and wired methods to improve flexibility.
It improves the energy utilization and balancing efficiency of the battery pack, simplifies circuit design, reduces system cost, and enhances adaptability and reliability under complex operating conditions.
Smart Images
Figure CN224935388U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of battery management technology, and in particular to an active balancing management system for polymer lithium-ion battery packs. Background Technology
[0002] To improve the battery life and performance stability of electronic devices, polymer lithium-ion battery packs are widely used in various portable devices. However, during charging and discharging, due to capacity differences and voltage imbalances among individual cells, some batteries are prone to overcharging or over-discharging, thus affecting the overall battery pack's lifespan and safety. To solve this problem, battery pack equalization management is usually required.
[0003] Current equalization management systems mostly employ passive equalization methods, achieving voltage balance through resistor energy dissipation. However, this method has low energy utilization and struggles to meet the demands for efficient and rapid equalization. Furthermore, while existing active equalization management systems can achieve energy transfer, practical applications still suffer from complex circuit design, high cost, and limited equalization efficiency. These issues restrict the widespread adoption and application of active equalization management systems in large-scale battery packs, thus necessitating a more efficient and practical solution. Utility Model Content
[0004] The purpose of this utility model is to provide an active balancing management system for polymer lithium-ion battery packs, which solves the problems mentioned in the background art.
[0005] This invention is implemented as follows: an active balancing management system for a polymer lithium-ion battery pack includes an energy harvesting module, an energy distribution module, a control module, an energy storage module, a detection module, and a communication module. The energy harvesting module is connected to individual cells in the battery pack and is used to collect energy signals from the individual cells and transmit them to the energy distribution module. The energy distribution module receives the energy signals transmitted by the energy harvesting module and converts the energy signals into a distributable energy flow. The control module receives detection signals transmitted by the detection module and generates control commands based on the detection signals, which are then transmitted to the energy distribution module. The energy storage module is connected to the energy distribution module and is used to store excess energy transmitted from the energy distribution module. The detection module is connected to the individual cells in the battery pack and is used to detect the voltage, current, and temperature signals of the individual cells and transmit the detection signals to the control module. The communication module is connected to the control module and is used to transmit the control commands generated by the control module to external devices.
[0006] Furthermore, an active balancing management system for a polymer lithium-ion battery pack further includes: an auxiliary balancing module, which is connected to an energy distribution module and is used to provide a backup balancing path when the main balancing path fails; the auxiliary balancing module is connected to the energy distribution module via a bidirectional switch, which is switched by a control signal sent by a control module.
[0007] Furthermore, the energy harvesting module includes multiple independent energy harvesting units, each of which is connected to a single battery cell. The energy harvesting unit is connected to the positive and negative terminals of the single battery cell via wires, which are made of silver-plated copper wire to reduce resistance loss. The energy harvesting unit is equipped with a rectifier circuit to convert the harvested energy signal into a DC signal.
[0008] Furthermore, the energy distribution module includes multiple energy distribution units, each corresponding to a single battery cell; each energy distribution unit contains an inductor and a power switch, the inductor and the power switch being connected in series, and the power switch being controlled by a pulse width modulation signal sent by the control module; the energy distribution units are connected to each other through isolation diodes to prevent energy backflow.
[0009] Furthermore, the detection module includes a voltage detection unit, a current detection unit, and a temperature detection unit; the voltage detection unit is connected to the individual battery through a voltage divider resistor network to detect the voltage signal of the individual battery; the current detection unit is connected to the individual battery through a Hall sensor to detect the current signal of the individual battery; the temperature detection unit is connected to the individual battery through a thermistor to detect the temperature signal of the individual battery; the voltage detection unit, current detection unit, and temperature detection unit are respectively connected to the control module through signal lines, and the signal lines are shielded to reduce electromagnetic interference.
[0010] Furthermore, the control module processes signals in the following order: detection module, energy acquisition module, energy distribution module, and energy storage module. The control module internally includes a microprocessor and a memory. The microprocessor processes the detection signals transmitted by the detection module and generates control commands, while the memory stores historical data of the detection signals and control commands. The control module connects to a communication module via a communication interface that uses the UART protocol for data transmission.
[0011] Furthermore, the energy storage module includes multiple energy storage units, each of which is connected to an energy distribution unit. Each energy storage unit contains a supercapacitor for storing excess energy transferred from the energy distribution unit. The supercapacitor is connected to the energy distribution unit via a bidirectional DC-DC converter, which is regulated by a control signal sent by the control module.
[0012] Furthermore, the communication module includes a wireless communication unit and a wired communication unit; the wireless communication unit uses a Bluetooth module for short-range wireless communication with external devices; the wired communication unit uses an RS485 interface for long-range wired communication with external devices; the wireless communication unit and the wired communication unit are respectively connected to the control module via signal lines, and the signal lines use differential signal transmission to improve anti-interference capability.
[0013] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: This utility model provides an active balancing management system for polymer lithium-ion battery packs. Through an energy harvesting module, energy distribution module, control module, energy storage module, detection module, and communication module, it realizes the functions of energy harvesting, distribution, storage, and detection of individual battery cells. The auxiliary balancing module provides a backup balancing path, improving system reliability; the inductors and power switches in the energy distribution module achieve efficient energy transfer, reducing energy loss; the voltage detection unit, current detection unit, and temperature detection unit in the detection module achieve comprehensive monitoring of the individual battery cell status; the supercapacitor in the energy storage module achieves efficient storage of excess energy; and the wireless communication unit and wired communication unit in the communication module enable flexible communication with external devices. This utility model solves the problem of voltage imbalance in individual battery cells through the above technical means, improves energy utilization and balancing efficiency, simplifies circuit design, and reduces system costs, thus possessing high practicality and promotional value. Attached Figure Description
[0014] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the overall structure of an active balancing management system for a polymer lithium-ion battery pack.
[0015] Figure 2 This is a structural block diagram of an active balancing management system for a polymer lithium-ion battery pack, including an auxiliary balancing module.
[0016] Figure 3 This is a structural block diagram of the energy harvesting module of an active balancing management system for a polymer lithium-ion battery pack.
[0017] Figure 4 This is a structural block diagram of the energy distribution module of an active equalization management system for a polymer lithium-ion battery pack.
[0018] Figure 5 This is a structural block diagram of the detection module of an active balancing management system for a polymer lithium-ion battery pack.
[0019] Figure 6 This is a structural block diagram of the energy storage module of an active balancing management system for a polymer lithium-ion battery pack.
[0020] Figure 7 This is a block diagram of the communication module of an active balancing management system for a polymer lithium-ion battery pack.
[0021] The attached figures are labeled as follows:
[0022] 1. Energy harvesting module; 2. Energy distribution module; 3. Control module; 4. Energy storage module; 5. Detection module; 6. Communication module; 7. Auxiliary equalization module; 8. Two-way switch. Detailed Implementation
[0023] like Figure 1-7 As shown, the active balancing management system for polymer lithium-ion battery packs of this invention includes an energy harvesting module 1, an energy distribution module 2, a control module 3, an energy storage module 4, a detection module 5, a communication module 6, an auxiliary balancing module 7, and a bidirectional switch 8. These modules are connected via wires and signal lines and manage the energy of individual battery cells according to a specific logical relationship.
[0024] Energy harvesting module 1 consists of multiple independent energy harvesting units, each directly connected to a single battery cell. The energy harvesting units are connected to the positive and negative terminals of the single battery cell via silver-plated copper wires to reduce resistance loss and improve energy transfer efficiency. An internal rectifier circuit is incorporated into each energy harvesting unit to convert the energy signal harvested from the single battery cell into a DC signal. The output of the rectifier circuit is connected to the input of energy distribution module 2 via wires, ensuring that the harvested energy can be further processed and distributed.
[0025] Energy distribution module 2 comprises multiple energy distribution units, each corresponding to a single battery cell. Each energy distribution unit contains an inductor and a power switch, connected in series to form a complete energy transfer path. The control terminal of the power switch is connected to control module 3 via a signal line, receiving pulse-width modulation signals from control module 3 to adjust the switching state of the power switch. Furthermore, energy distribution units are connected via isolation diodes. The anode of the isolation diode is connected to the output of one energy distribution unit, and the cathode is connected to the input of another energy distribution unit, preventing energy backflow.
[0026] The control module 3 is the core of the entire system, containing a microprocessor and a memory. The microprocessor is connected to the detection module 5, energy harvesting module 1, energy distribution module 2, and energy storage module 4 via signal lines, receiving detection signals from the detection module 5, energy signals from the energy harvesting module 1, status signals from the energy distribution module 2, and storage status signals from the energy storage module 4. The microprocessor generates control commands based on the received signals and sends these commands to the energy distribution module 2 and energy storage module 4 via the signal lines. The memory stores historical data, including records of detection signals and control commands, for subsequent analysis and optimization. The control module 3 is also connected to the communication module 6 via a UART protocol interface, enabling data interaction with external devices.
[0027] The detection module 5 includes a voltage detection unit, a current detection unit, and a temperature detection unit. The voltage detection unit is connected to the individual battery cell via a voltage divider resistor network, and the output of the voltage divider resistor network is connected to the control module 3 via a shielded wire to reduce the influence of electromagnetic interference. The current detection unit is connected to the individual battery cell via a Hall sensor, and the output of the Hall sensor is also connected to the control module 3 via a shielded wire. The temperature detection unit is connected to the individual battery cell via a thermistor, and the output of the thermistor is also connected to the control module 3 via a shielded wire. These detection units acquire the voltage, current, and temperature signals of the individual battery cells in real time and transmit the signals to the control module 3 for processing.
[0028] Energy storage module 4 contains multiple energy storage units, each connected to an energy distribution unit. Each energy storage unit contains a supercapacitor, which is connected to the energy distribution unit via a bidirectional DC-DC converter. The control terminal of the bidirectional DC-DC converter is connected to control module 3 via a signal line, receiving control signals from control module 3 to regulate the charging and discharging state of the supercapacitor. When energy distribution module 2 detects excess energy, control module 3 generates a corresponding control command, causing the bidirectional DC-DC converter to store the excess energy in the supercapacitor; conversely, when a single battery cell needs replenishment, control module 3 generates a reverse control command, causing the bidirectional DC-DC converter to release energy from the supercapacitor into energy distribution module 2.
[0029] Communication module 6 includes a wireless communication unit and a wired communication unit. The wireless communication unit uses a Bluetooth module, and the output of the Bluetooth module is connected to control module 3 via a differential signal line to achieve short-range wireless communication. The wired communication unit uses an RS485 interface, and the output of the RS485 interface is also connected to control module 3 via a differential signal line to achieve long-range wired communication. Both the wireless communication unit and the wired communication unit use differential signal transmission to improve anti-interference capabilities.
[0030] The auxiliary equalization module 7 is connected to the energy distribution module 2 via a bidirectional switch 8. The control terminal of the bidirectional switch 8 is connected to the control module 3 via a signal line, receiving control signals from the control module 3 to switch the state of the bidirectional switch 8. When the primary equalization path fails, the control module 3 generates a corresponding control command to switch the bidirectional switch 8 to the path of the auxiliary equalization module 7, thereby providing a backup equalization path.
[0031] In actual operation, the detection module 5 first collects the voltage, current, and temperature signals of the individual cells in real time and transmits the collected signals to the control module 3 via shielded wires. The microprocessor of the control module 3 processes the received signals and generates control commands based on the processing results. The control commands are sent to the energy distribution module 2 and the energy storage module 4 via signal lines to adjust the switching state of the power switching transistors and the operating mode of the bidirectional DC-DC converter. The energy acquisition module 1 collects energy signals from the individual cells and transmits the signals to the energy distribution module 2 via wires. The energy distribution module 2, according to the commands of the control module 3, converts the collected energy signals into a distributable energy flow and prevents energy backflow through isolation diodes. The energy storage module 4, according to the commands of the control module 3, stores excess energy in the supercapacitor or releases energy from the supercapacitor. The communication module 6, according to the commands of the control module 3, transmits the system's operating status information to external devices. When the main balancing path fails, the control module 3 generates corresponding control commands to switch the bidirectional switch 8 to the path of the auxiliary balancing module 7, thereby providing a backup balancing path.
[0032] The above describes the specific implementation of this utility model. Through the above structure and operation process, the functions of energy collection, distribution, storage and detection of individual batteries are realized, and a backup equalization path is provided, thereby improving the reliability and energy utilization rate of the system.
[0033] To enable those skilled in the art to fully understand and implement this utility model, the specific implementation principle of this utility model is further explained below in conjunction with a specific application scenario.
[0034] In practical applications, assuming this active balancing management system for polymer lithium-ion batteries is used in a portable energy storage device containing multiple individual batteries connected in series, during system operation, the voltage detection unit, current detection unit, and temperature detection unit in detection module 5 first acquire the voltage, current, and temperature signals of the individual batteries in real time through a voltage divider resistor network, a Hall sensor, and a thermistor, respectively. These signals are transmitted to the microprocessor in control module 3 for processing via shielded wires. The microprocessor determines the state of each individual battery based on the received signals and generates corresponding control commands.
[0035] When the voltage of a single battery cell is detected to be higher than that of the others, control module 3 generates a control command and sends it to energy distribution module 2 via a signal line. At this time, the power switch in energy distribution module 2 adjusts its switching state according to the pulse width modulation signal sent by control module 3, causing the energy transfer path formed by the inductor and the power switch to activate. The energy from the high-voltage battery cell is converted into a DC signal by the rectifier circuit in energy harvesting module 1 and then transmitted to energy distribution module 2 via wires, with isolation diodes preventing energy from flowing back to other batteries. Excess energy is then transferred to the supercapacitor in energy storage module 4 for storage. The bidirectional DC-DC converter adjusts the charging and discharging state of the supercapacitor according to the command from control module 3, ensuring efficient storage of excess energy.
[0036] If the voltage of one individual battery cell is lower than that of the others, the control module 3 will generate a reverse control command, causing the supercapacitor in the energy storage module 4 to release energy to the energy distribution module 2 via a bidirectional DC-DC converter. The energy distribution module 2 then redistributes the released energy to the low-voltage individual batteries, thereby achieving overall voltage balance in the battery pack. During this process, the supercapacitor in the energy storage module 4 acts as an energy buffer, avoiding the problem of energy dissipation as heat in traditional passive balancing methods, and significantly improving energy utilization.
[0037] During system operation, communication module 6 transmits system operating status information to external devices via wireless or wired communication units. For example, when the system detects an abnormal temperature rise in a single battery cell, communication module 6 transmits the relevant information to external monitoring equipment via Bluetooth or RS485 interface, enabling operators to take timely measures. Furthermore, communication module 6 employs differential signal transmission, effectively reducing the impact of electromagnetic interference on signal transmission and ensuring data transmission reliability.
[0038] When the primary equalization path fails due to a fault, control module 3 generates a switching command and sends it to bidirectional switch 8 via a signal line. Bidirectional switch 8 then switches to the path of auxiliary equalization module 7 according to the command, thus providing a backup equalization path. Auxiliary equalization module 7 continues to manage the battery pack's equalization through an independent energy transfer mechanism, ensuring the system can still operate normally under abnormal conditions. This design not only improves the system's reliability but also enhances its adaptability under complex operating conditions.
[0039] As can be seen from the above steps, this utility model achieves the functions of energy harvesting, distribution, storage, and detection of individual batteries through the coordinated work of energy harvesting module 1, energy distribution module 2, control module 3, energy storage module 4, detection module 5, communication module 6, and auxiliary equalization module 7. Specifically, the supercapacitor in energy storage module 4 achieves efficient storage and release of excess energy through a bidirectional DC-DC converter, solving the problem of low energy utilization in traditional passive equalization methods; the inductors and power switches in energy distribution module 2 achieve efficient energy transfer through precise pulse width modulation control, reducing energy loss; the voltage detection unit, current detection unit, and temperature detection unit in detection module 5 transmit signals through shielded wires, ensuring the accuracy of the detection data; and the communication module 6 improves anti-interference capability through differential signal transmission, ensuring stable communication between the system and external devices.
[0040] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.
Claims
1. An active balancing management system for polymer lithium-ion battery packs, characterized in that, It includes an energy harvesting module (1), an energy distribution module (2), a control module (3), an energy storage module (4), a detection module (5), and a communication module (6); The energy harvesting module (1) is connected to the individual cells in the battery pack and is used to collect the energy signals of the individual cells and transmit them to the energy distribution module (2); The energy distribution module (2) receives the energy signal transmitted by the energy acquisition module (1) and converts the energy signal into a distributable energy flow; The control module (3) receives the detection signal transmitted by the detection module (5) and generates a control command based on the detection signal, which is then transmitted to the energy distribution module (2). The energy storage module (4) is connected to the energy distribution module (2) and is used to store excess energy transmitted from the energy distribution module (2); The detection module (5) is connected to the individual cells in the battery pack and is used to detect the voltage, current and temperature signals of the individual cells and transmit the detection signals to the control module (3). The communication module (6) is connected to the control module (3) and is used to transmit the control commands generated by the control module (3) to external devices.
2. The active balancing management system for a polymer lithium-ion battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an auxiliary equalization module (7), which is connected to the energy distribution module (2) and is used to provide a backup equalization path when the main equalization path fails. The auxiliary equalization module (7) is connected to the energy distribution module (2) through a bidirectional switch (8), which is switched by a control signal sent by the control module (3).
3. The active balancing management system for a polymer lithium-ion battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy harvesting module (1) includes multiple independent energy harvesting units, each of which is connected to a single battery cell. The energy harvesting unit is connected to the positive and negative terminals of the single battery cell via wires, which are made of silver-plated copper wire. The energy harvesting unit is equipped with a rectifier circuit to convert the harvested energy signal into a DC signal.
4. The active balancing management system for a polymer lithium-ion battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy distribution module (2) includes multiple energy distribution units, each corresponding to a single battery cell; each energy distribution unit is equipped with an inductor and a power switch, the inductor and the power switch are connected in series, and the power switch is controlled by a pulse width modulation signal sent by the control module (3); the energy distribution units are connected to each other through isolation diodes.
5. The active balancing management system for a polymer lithium-ion battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection module (5) includes a voltage detection unit, a current detection unit, and a temperature detection unit. The voltage detection unit is connected to the individual battery through a voltage divider resistor network and is used to detect the voltage signal of the individual battery. The current detection unit is connected to the individual battery through a Hall sensor and is used to detect the current signal of the individual battery. The temperature detection unit is connected to the individual battery through a thermistor and is used to detect the temperature signal of the individual battery. The voltage detection unit, the current detection unit, and the temperature detection unit are respectively connected to the control module (3) through signal lines, and the signal lines are shielded wires.
6. The active balancing management system for a polymer lithium-ion battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy storage module (4) includes multiple energy storage units, each of which is connected to an energy distribution unit. Each energy storage unit is equipped with a supercapacitor for storing excess energy transmitted from the energy distribution unit. The supercapacitor is connected to the energy distribution unit via a bidirectional DC-DC converter, which is regulated by a control signal sent by the control module (3).
7. The active balancing management system for a polymer lithium-ion battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The communication module (6) includes a wireless communication unit and a wired communication unit; the wireless communication unit adopts a Bluetooth module for short-range wireless communication with external devices; the wired communication unit adopts an RS485 interface for long-range wired communication with external devices; the wireless communication unit and the wired communication unit are respectively connected to the control module (3) through signal lines, and the signal lines adopt differential signal transmission.