Device and method for forming, in particular extrusion, metallic workpieces

Abstract

Device (10, 11, 12) for forming, in particular extrusion, metallic workpieces (40, 41, 42) with a) at least one first forming tool (30, 31, 32, 33) for receiving a workpiece (40, 41, 42) and at least one second forming tool (20, 21, 22) that can be at least partially inserted into or moved onto the first forming tool (30, 31, 32, 33) for forming the workpiece (40, 41, 42) such that a forming surface (30A, 31A, 32A) of the first forming tool (30, 31, 32, 33) is at least partially formed onto a first surface of the workpiece (40, 41, 42) and a forming surface (20A, 21A, 21B, 22A, 22B) of the second forming tool (20, 21, 22) is at least partially formed onto a second surface of the depicts workpiece (40, 41, 42), b) at least one ejector (50, 51, 52, 53) for ejecting a workpiece (40, 41, 42) after forming or after the second forming tool (20, 21, 22) has been extended from or out of the first forming tool (30, 31, 32, 33), c) wherein the ejector (50, 51, 52, 53) moves in an ejection motion, in particular from a rest position (RP), against the workpiece (40, 41, 42) and strips or detaches the workpiece (40, 41, 42) from the forming surface (30A, 31A, 32A) of the first forming tool (30, 31, 32, 33) and ejects it to an ejection position (AP), d) wherein the ejector (50, 51, 52, 53) retracts in a return movement after removing the ejected workpiece (40, 41, 42) and before ejecting a new workpiece (40, 41, 42), in particular to the rest position (RP) and e) wherein the ejector (50, 51, 52, 53) passes at least the forming surface (30A, 31A, 32A) of the first forming tool (30, 31, 32, 33) both in the ejection movement and in the return movement, f) wherein the ejector (50, 51, 52, 53) has at least one feeding system (80, 90, 100, 110) for feeding at least one fluid medium (KM, L+W+SM) to the forming surface (30A, 31A, 32A) of the first forming tool (30, 31, 32, 33) at least temporarily during the ejection movement and / or at least temporarily during the retraction movement, g) wherein the feed system (80, 90, 100, 110) of the ejector (50, 51, 52, 53) has at least one cooling medium feed system (80) for at least one cooling medium (CM), which has at least one central cooling medium channel (81, 82) which continues into several, in particular equidistantly spaced, outwardly extending cooling medium channels (83) which open into an annular space (84) from which outwardly extending outlet channels (85) lead to outlet openings (76, 77, 86), h) wherein the ejector (50, 51, 52, 53) has an ejector head (60) with an ejector surface with which the ejector (50, 51, 52, 53) moves against a counter surface on the workpiece (40, 41, 42), and an ejector shaft (70) which carries the ejector head (60), i) wherein the end region of the central cooling medium channel (81, 82), the outwardly extending cooling medium channels (83), the annular space (84) and the outlet channels (85) in the ejector head (60) or in the ejector shaft (70) are formed directly adjacent to the ejector head (60) in order to cool the ejector head (60) by means of the cooling medium (CM).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a device and a method, each for forming, in particular extrusion, a metallic workpiece.

[0002] Various presses are known for pressing workpieces, especially in hot forming or forging of malleable metallic materials (see, for example, VDI Lexicon Volume Production Engineering Process Engineering, editor: Hiersig, VDI-Verlag, 1995, pages 1107 to 1113). At least one carrier or ram with a first pressing tool of the press is driven by a motor and moved relative to a second pressing tool of the press, so that the workpiece can be formed between the pressing tools by pressing forces.

[0003] Extrusion, a type of pressure forming, is a bulk forming process in which both hollow and solid bodies can be produced in a single or multi-stage manufacturing process. A punch presses a workpiece through a die, causing the material to flow and the workpiece to change shape. The inner surface of the die is at least partially imprinted onto the outer surface of the workpiece, and vice versa. Depending on the desired final shape, the process can be carried out sequentially with different punches and dies. Depending on the material used, the process is performed cold, warm, or hot.Depending on the flow direction, extrusion processes with rigid tools are classified into forward extrusion (material flow in the direction of the machine's action), backward extrusion (material flow against the direction of the machine's action, i.e., between the die and the punch in the direction and along the punch), and transverse extrusion (material flow perpendicular to the direction of the machine's action), whereby combinations of these three categories are possible.

[0004] After the punch extends, the workpiece is ejected from the die by an ejector. The ejector moves in an ejection motion against the workpiece, stripping it from the forming surface of the die and transporting it to an ejection position. After removing the ejected workpiece, the ejector retracts, allowing a new workpiece to be formed in the die.

[0005] Measures for introducing lubricants and / or coolants into forming tools of press machines during semi-warm or hot forming of metallic workpieces are already known in order to reduce mechanical loads by reducing coefficients of friction and to prevent the workpiece from sticking or jamming in the die or on the punch, and to cool the forming tools and thereby, in particular, to increase their service life.

[0006] DE 27 37 011 A1 discloses a method for lubricating the walls of the pickup and the mandrel during hot extrusion. Various lubricants are applied in different combinations. A transport vessel is used, which is conical or pyramidal on one side. When the first lubricant is introduced manually or mechanically with the vessel, the vessel remains with its tip pointing upwards above the press, thus forming a roof. This roof is intended to distribute the second lubricant more precisely around its circumference when it is introduced into the press from above the vessel.

[0007] EP 0 625 389 B1 describes a casting assembly for a die-casting machine in which at least one lubricant supply line to the piston surface is provided for lubricating the casting piston. Here, an annular groove-shaped lubrication channel is provided, which includes an inlet and outlet and wets the casting piston on its outer surface. The embodiment describes that a locking lug may be necessary to ensure targeted lubrication along the greater part of the circumference.

[0008] US 2,778,494 A1 discloses an extrusion device for thin-walled hollow tubes in which the punch has internal cooling channels. However, these are not open to the outside, so the coolant only cools the punch itself internally.

[0009] DE 30 25 747 C2 describes a device for cooling the die of a hot extrusion tool, comprising an ejector with a head that is aligned with the die axis and can be raised from the die base in guide bushings, and a ring of nozzle bores arranged in the area of ​​the ejector head, which are radially oriented and inclined with respect to the die axis. The coolant can be supplied to the nozzle bores via a feed bore and can also be discharged via outlet channels provided on the circumference of the ejector. The feed bore is provided in the ejector. The nozzle bores forming the nozzle openings are oriented in the head opposite to the ejection direction of the ejector. The outlet channels are provided in the wall of the guide bushings of the ejector.

[0010] DE 691 02 618 T2 discloses a device equipped with a forging tool for the semi-hot forging of a metal part. The device comprises a die in which a receptacle for the part to be semi-hot forged is formed. Furthermore, the device comprises a punch designed to press the pre-formed part into the receptacle of the die. The device also comprises a die body in which the die is inserted and which has a cooling circuit for the die. In addition, the device comprises a longitudinal ejector that slides in a bore formed in the die body and in a bore formed in the die, the ejector having at its front an end face, a rear portion, and a mechanical contact surface for means of moving the ejector and ejecting the part. The end face forms part of the surface of the receptacle for the part to be forged.The rear section forms the rear end of the ejector. Furthermore, the device comprises a mechanism for injecting fluids into the die receptacle and a circular assembly with a distribution chamber. The distribution chamber is fed by at least one fluid inlet and supplies a spraying device formed by at least one radial opening in the front section of the ejector for cleaning, cooling, and lubricating the die receptacle. The chamber is sequentially connected to a fluid outlet, the distribution chamber being a cavity formed in the central part of the die body bore in which the rear section of the ejector slides. As the rear section of the ejector advances, it forms a seal for the fluid outlet to retract the previously forged piece.

[0011] DE 102 30 837 B4 describes a device for hot forming metallic blanks, consisting of a crank press with a toggle lever drive for producing flat, ring-shaped workpieces with predetermined dimensions. The device has an upper intermediate tool holder containing a coolant overflow chamber. The upper intermediate tool holder is connected to an upper base die. The overflow chamber is arranged annularly around an upper ejector shank. Furthermore, the overflow chamber has a coolant supply. Liquid nitrogen is preferably used as the coolant.

[0012] One object of the invention is to improve a device and a method for forming, in particular extrusion, metallic workpieces with regard to the application of a fluid medium, in particular a separating and / or non-stick and / or lubricating medium and / or a cooling medium, to the forming surface(s) of at least one of the forming tools.

[0013] This problem is solved according to the invention by a device for forming, in particular extrusion, with the features of claim 1 and a method with the features of claim 11. Advantageous embodiments and further developments according to the invention are set forth in the dependent claims.

[0014] The device according to claim 1 is designed for forming, in particular extrusion, metallic workpieces and comprises a) at least one first forming tool for receiving a workpiece and at least one second forming tool that is at least partially movable or travelable in or on the first forming tool for forming the workpiece in such a way that a forming surface of the first forming tool is at least partially projected onto a first surface of the workpiece and a forming surface of the second forming tool is at least partially projected onto a second surface of the workpiece, b) at least one ejector (or: scraper) for ejecting (or: scraping) a workpiece after forming or after the second forming tool has been removed from or by the first forming tool, c) wherein the ejector moves in an ejection motion, in particular from a rest position, against the workpiece and strips or detaches the workpiece from the forming surface of the first forming tool and ejects it to an ejection position, d) wherein the ejector retracts in a retracting motion after removing the ejected workpiece and before ejecting a new workpiece, in particular to the rest position and e) wherein the ejector passes at least the forming surface of the first forming tool both during the ejection and retraction movements, f) wherein the ejector has at least one supply system for supplying at least one fluid medium to the forming surface of the first forming tool at least temporarily during the ejection movement and / or at least temporarily during the retraction movement, g) wherein the ejector feed system comprises at least one cooling medium feed system for at least one cooling medium, which has at least one central cooling medium channel which extends into several, in particular equidistantly spaced, outwardly extending cooling medium channels which open into an annular space from which outwardly extending outlet channels lead to outlet openings, (h) wherein the ejector comprises an ejector head with an ejector surface with which the ejector moves against a counter surface on the workpiece, and an ejector shaft which carries the ejector head, i) wherein the end region of the central cooling medium channel, the outwardly extending cooling medium channels, the annular space and the outlet channels in the ejector head or in the ejector shaft are formed directly adjacent to the ejector head in order to cool the ejector head by means of the cooling medium.

[0015] The method according to claim 11 for forming, in particular extrusion, metallic workpieces, comprising the following process steps: a) Forming a workpiece between at least two forming tools, wherein a forming surface of the first forming tool is at least partially imprinted onto a surface of the workpiece and a forming surface of the second forming tool is at least partially imprinted onto another surface of the workpiece, b) Ejection of a workpiece after forming by means of an ejector which, in an ejection motion, in particular from a rest position, moves against the workpiece and strips or detaches the workpiece from the forming surface of at least one forming tool and ejects it to an ejection position, c) Retracting the ejector in a return movement after removing the ejected workpiece and before forming a new workpiece, e) wherein the ejector passes at least the forming surface of the first forming tool both during the ejection and retraction movements, f) wherein, by means of at least one supply system which is part of or associated with the ejector, cooling medium is supplied to the first forming tool at least temporarily during the ejection movement and / or lubricating and / or anti-stick medium is supplied to the first forming tool at least temporarily during the return movement, at least on its forming surface, g) wherein the ejector feed system comprises at least one cooling medium feed system for at least one cooling medium, which has at least one central cooling medium channel which extends into several, in particular equidistantly spaced, outwardly extending cooling medium channels which open into an annular space from which outwardly extending outlet channels lead to outlet openings, (h) wherein the ejector comprises an ejector head with an ejector surface with which the ejector moves against a counter surface on the workpiece, and an ejector shaft which carries the ejector head, i) wherein the end region of the central cooling medium channel, the outwardly extending cooling medium channels, the annular space and the outlet channels in the ejector head or in the ejector shaft are formed directly adjacent to the ejector head in order to cool the ejector head by means of the cooling medium.

[0016] The term "fluid medium" here encompasses all media that are fluid, i.e., flowable, in particular liquids or liquid media such as water or oils, gases such as air and mixtures thereof such as aerosols or mists containing liquid droplets in a gas such as air, or suspensions containing solid particles, e.g., graphite particles, in a liquid medium, and / or mixtures of different substances. The fluid medium is intended to have a positive effect on the forming process on the forming surface of the forming tool, in particular as a separating and / or non-stick medium or lubricant between the forming surface and the workpiece, and / or as a cooling medium on or for the forming surface.

[0017] According to the invention, the advantage is that the ejector itself supplies the forming tool with a fluid medium to promote the forming process during its working movement, thus eliminating the need for a separate supply of the medium via spray lances or the like. This allows for a reduction in working or cycle time.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, the at least one feeding system of the ejector supplies at least a second fluid medium to the forming surface of the first forming tool during the return movement, in particular a lubricating or non-stick medium for lubricating or non-stick coating the first forming tool at least on its forming surface before receiving a new workpiece to be formed.

[0019] Preferably, the discharge openings on the ejector are arranged on an outer side or shell surface and / or on an ejector shaft of the ejector.

[0020] The at least one feed system can have first outlet openings for the first fluid medium and second outlet openings for the second fluid medium. Preferably, the first outlet openings are arranged offset from the second outlet openings in the circumferential direction.

[0021] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the at least one feeding system has feed channels connected to the outlet openings within the ejector and / or outlet channels, each of which leads into at least one outlet opening.

[0022] Preferably, at least a number n of supply channels for supplying m different media open into each of the outlet channels, where n is a natural number greater than 1 and m is a natural number less than or equal to n, and preferably, any number of the supply channels can be selectively enabled or disabled in order to supply each of the m media individually, or several or all of the m media in any combination, to the associated outlet channel and thus to the associated outlet opening(s).In particular, at least one air supply channel for supplying air opens into each of the outlet channels, and, preferably downstream of the opening of the air supply channel, at least one lubricant or anti-stick medium supply channel for supplying lubricant or anti-stick medium, and preferably also a water supply channel, preferably between the opening of the air supply channel and the opening of the lubricant or anti-stick medium supply channel.

[0023] It can be advantageous if a first group of outlet openings are arranged in a first plane and a second group of outlet openings are arranged in a second plane, preferably offset axially along an axis of the ejector and parallel to the first plane. In particular, outlet openings in the two different planes are arranged offset from each other, preferably such that an outlet opening of the second plane is arranged between each pair of outlet openings of the first plane.

[0024] In a preferred and advantageous embodiment, the ejector's feed system preferably comprises at least one lubricant or anti-stick medium feed for supplying lubricant or anti-stick medium, which has at least one lubricant or anti-stick medium channel, preferably arranged laterally or eccentrically to a central axis of the ejector, and a lubricant or anti-stick medium annular space adjoining it, preferably axially, and furthermore individual lubricant or anti-stick medium channels adjoining it, preferably axially, and preferably extending axially, which are preferably arranged offset from each other by respective circumferential angles. The lubricant or anti-stick medium channels preferably each open into an outlet channel, preferably extending radially outwards to the axis.

[0025] By directly adjoining the end area of ​​the central cooling medium channel and / or the outward-extending cooling medium channels, the annular space, and the outlet channels to the ejector head, a cooling barrier or partial thermal decoupling of the lubrication or anti-stick supply system is achieved to avoid the risk of its channels and openings becoming clogged.

[0026] Furthermore, the ejector's feeding system can also include at least one water supply system for supplying water, in particular for mixing the water with a lubricant or anti-stick medium, or especially for using the water alone or in combination with air for cleaning and / or additionally cooling the forming tool and / or the ejector or parts of its feeding system. The water supply system preferably comprises a water supply channel, which is preferably arranged on a side opposite or diametrically opposed to the lubricant or anti-stick medium channel (91) with respect to the central axis, and preferably an annular water chamber into which the water supply channel opens and which preferably surrounds the axis of the ejector. Preferably, individual water channels are connected to the annular water chamber, which, preferably extending axially upwards, open into the outlet channels.

[0027] Finally, the ejector's feed system can also include at least one air supply system, which preferably has air supply channels arranged on opposite sides of the axis and which preferably open axially upwards into an annular air space. The annular air space preferably surrounds the central cooling medium channel and, in particular, has an air distributor, preferably arranged axially further upwards, which is in particular cylindrical and / or preferably has a distributor interior and air outlet openings in the wall of the air distributor associated with the outlet channels, wherein, in particular, the central cooling medium channel passes through the air distributor.Preferably, the air outlet openings in the outlet channels are arranged upstream of the openings of the lubricating or anti-stick medium channels and / or the openings of the water channels, and / or water and / or lubricating or anti-stick medium can be mixed with the incoming air.

[0028] All variants and versions of the device according to the invention can also be used in the method according to the invention.

[0029] The invention will now be explained in more detail using exemplary embodiments, with reference to the accompanying drawings. These show... Fig. 1 An arrangement of three extrusion devices for successively extrusion of workpieces, each with an ejector, in a sectional view. Fig. 2. A further arrangement of three extrusion devices for successively extrusion of workpieces, each with an ejector, in a sectional view. Fig. 3 the third extrusion device according to Fig. 1 or Fig. 2 with the ejector in a rest position and a discharge device in working mode in a sectional view, Fig. 4 the flow pressing device according to Fig. 3 with the ejector in an ejection position and the discharge device in rest mode in a sectional view, Fig. 5 an ejector according to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 to Fig. 4 in an enlarged sectional view, Fig. 6 the ejector according to Fig. 5 in a further enlarged section view, Fig. 7 the ejector in a manner like in Fig. 5 enlarged, but compared to Fig. 5 sectional views rotated by 90°, Fig. 8 the ejector in a manner like in Fig. 6 enlarged, but compared to Fig. 6 section view rotated by 90°, Fig. 9 the ejector with supply lines for the media, Fig. 10 a cut through the ejector according to Fig. 9 along IX-IX, Fig. 11 a perspective view of the ejector and Fig. 12 to Fig. 16 the procedure with different positions of the ejector.

[0030] Corresponding parts and sizes are in the Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Fig. 10, Fig. 11, Fig. 12, Fig. 13, Fig. 14 to Fig. 15 are labelled with the same reference symbols. For clarity, areas that are not always intersected are hatched.

[0031] Fig. 1 and Fig. Figures 2 each show an arrangement of several, for example three, flow pressing devices 10, 11 and 12 for flow pressing one, preferably metallic and / or preheated to a forming temperature suitable for hot forging, workpiece (in particular forging) 40, 41 and 42.

[0032] Each extrusion device 10, 11 and 12 comprises a forming die 30, 31 and 32 as the first forming tool and an associated punch 20, 21 and 22 as the second forming tool. The dies 30 to 32 are held in associated die carriers 130 to 132, which in turn are arranged on a press table 34, in particular via a frame not otherwise specified.

[0033] There are in Fig. 1 and Fig. Two ejectors (or: slides) 50, 51 and 52 are shown, which are used to eject the formed workpieces 40, 41 and 42 from the dies 30, 31 and 32 along an associated ejector axis A1, A2 and A3 via in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 ejector drives, not shown, can be moved in a traversing motion.

[0034] In Fig. 1 all ejectors 50, 51 and 52 are arranged below the dies 30, 31 and 32 and can be fully extended downwards from the dies.

[0035] In Fig. 2. This applies only to ejector 52, while the two ejectors 50 and 51 are arranged within their respective dies 30 and 31, respectively, and their downward travel is limited by a shoulder 30B or 31B in the dies 30 and 31, respectively, in that the outer diameter of the respective ejector head 60 or 61 is larger than the inner diameter of the shoulder 30B or 31B. The lower rest position RP of the ejector head 60 or 61 is therefore located within the dies 30 and 31, respectively.

[0036] The ejectors 50, 51 and 52 can be inserted into the respective die 30, 31 and 32 through correspondingly large lower openings having an inner diameter of at least the outer diameter DA of the respective ejector 50, 51, 52, in order to eject or push the workpiece 40, 41 and 42 contained therein upwards out of the die 30, 31, 32.

[0037] Each punch 20, 21, and 22 can be at least partially inserted into the respective die 30, 31, and 32 in a feed direction VR via a punch drive (not shown) and pressed into the workpiece 40, 41, and 42 located therein for forming. The workpiece 40, 41, and 42 is pressed in the space between the outer surface of the punch 20, 21, or 22 and the inner surface of the die 30, 31, and 32, and partially flows further downwards / forwards and / or upwards / backwards in the space in a flow direction FR. The workpiece 40, 41 and 42 is formed into a hollow body, the inner wall of which is formed around the interior or cavity by the outer surface of the punch 20, 21 or 22, i.e., corresponds at least partially to the shape of this punch outer surface, and whose outer wall is formed by the inner surface or shaping surface 30A, 31A and 32A of the die 30, 31 and 32, and thus at least partially reflects its shape.

[0038] Forward extrusion occurs when the flow direction FR is the same as the feed direction VR, and reverse extrusion occurs when the flow direction FR is opposite to the feed direction VR. A combination of both flow processes can also occur when forming a workpiece. In the illustrated embodiment, the feed directions VR of all punches 20, 21, and 22 are, without loss of generality, parallel to each other and directed vertically downwards, and the ejector axes A1, A2, and A3 are each coaxial with the central axes of the associated punches 20, 21, and 22, as well as the associated dies 30, 31, and 32, and parallel to each other. However, other arrangements are also possible, in particular horizontal arrangements.

[0039] Workpieces 40, 41 and 42 are in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 already in the formed state, the punches 20, 21 and 22 have therefore already performed the forming work and have already moved out of the workpieces 40, 41 and 42.

[0040] In the illustrated embodiments according to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. A workpiece is successively formed in flow forming steps in the flow forming devices 10, 11, and 12, shown here from left to right, using differently shaped punches 20, 21, and 22 and dies 30, 31, and 32. The workpieces 40, 41, and 42 are thus in different forming stages or states, from an initial state to a final state. That is, workpiece 41 was previously formed in the first flow forming device 10, just like workpiece 40, and workpiece 42 was previously formed in the second flow forming device 11, just like workpiece 41. However, separate flow forming processes can also be carried out in the flow forming devices 10 to 12, for example, three identical forming processes, depending on the application and the workpieces to be produced.

[0041] In the flow forming process shown here as an example, in the first flow forming device 10, the punch 20 with its front punch section 20A presses against the workpiece 40 during the feed movement VR, leaving an indentation or cavity 40A in the workpiece 40 at its upper end at height h1. The lower end of the workpiece 40 is located at height h2, so that the workpiece 40 has a length h1-h2 in the feed direction VR.

[0042] The workpiece 41 was previously formed in the first extrusion device 10, like the workpiece 40, and ejected by means of the ejector 50 after the punch 20 was removed, and is now further formed in the second extrusion device 20 by the second punch 21 in the second die 31.The front punch section 21A, with diameter D2, imprints onto an inner cavity 41A of the same diameter D2 in the workpiece 41, surrounded by a wall 41C. The rear punch section 21B, which widens from diameter D2 to diameter D3, imprints onto a complementarily shaped cavity 41B. Material from the workpiece 41 flows in the flow direction FR, opposite to the feed direction VR, into the space between the rear punch section 21B and the inner wall of the die 31. As a result, the upper end of the workpiece 41 is now located at a greater height h3 > h2, and the length of the workpiece 41 has increased to h3 - h1 > h2 - h1. Due to the chosen length of the front punch section 21A, a bottom area 41D of the workpiece 41 remains at the front or lower end, thus closing off the cavity 41A at this end.

[0043] A further and more pronounced elongation or stretching of the workpiece takes place in the third extrusion die 30. The workpiece 42 located there was previously formed in the second extrusion die 20, like the workpiece 41, and ejected by means of the ejector 51 after the punch 21 was extended. The third punch 22, i.e., the punch of the third extrusion die 30, has a rear punch section 22B that corresponds to the rear punch section 21B of the second punch 21, with the same widening shape between the two diameters D2 and D3, so that during the extrusion process, nothing changes in the rear cavity 42A or at the height h3 of the upper end of the workpiece 42 compared to the workpiece 41.The front punch section 22A of the third punch 22 has the same diameter D2 as the front punch section 21A of the second punch 21, but is significantly longer and has a sharp-edged separating or cutting area at its end, with which the punch 22 separates or pierces a bottom section 42D of the workpiece 42. Furthermore, the die 32 is significantly longer than the die 31 and has an inner diameter DI at its lower end corresponding to the outer diameter of the workpiece 42. During extrusion in this third extrusion device 30, the workpiece 42 and its wall 42C, which surrounds the interior 42A, are further longitudinally formed with an additional hollow-body section 42E, which continues into a hollow-body section 42F with an inner diameter DI = D2 and an outer diameter D3, which corresponds to the inner diameter of the die 32 at its lower end.The section 42F protrudes downwards from the matrix 32 to a free end with the bottom section 42D, which is then separated.

[0044] The downward-falling, separated floor area 42D is deflected and discharged into a collecting device 48 via an inclined flap 38, which can be pivoted or folded up and down by means of an actuating device 39, for example a piston or spindle drive, as shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4. Subsequently, flap 38 is moved to the side and thus out of the way of ejector 52, so that the latter can be moved upwards past flap 38 ( Fig. 5) In its lowest position, the ejector 52 is located below the flap 38, as shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3. The flap 38, together with the actuating device 39 and the collecting device 48, forms an embodiment of a discharge device for separated parts, such as the bottom section 42D of the workpiece 42. Similar or identical flaps, actuating devices, and discharge devices may also be present in the other extrusion devices 10 and 11, although this is not necessary in the present case. Differently constructed or modified discharge devices are possible: For example, the flap can also be moved solely by spring force and pushed aside by the ejector. A gate is also conceivable.

[0045] Fig. Figure 4 also illustrates the ejection of the formed workpiece 42 from the die 32 by means of the ejector 52. The ejector 52 is moved along the ejector axis A3 by an ejection path from the lower position or rest position RP according to Fig. 2. Moving upwards, the ejector encounters the underside or lower annular end face of the workpiece 42 and then pushes the workpiece 42 upwards in front of it until, in an upper ejection position or ejection position AP of the ejector 52, the workpiece 42 is outside the die 32 and can be grasped and removed by means of a handling device (not shown) or by a person. The elongated support device 152 of the ejector 52, which is provided for the ejection path, is in Fig. 4 is only shown in the upper area and therefore not completely. Fig. Figures 9 and 11 show more of the supporting institution 152.

[0046] In Fig. 3 is the discharge device in a working mode and in Fig. 4 in a rest mode. The ejector 52 is in Fig. 3 in a resting position or resting position RP or an inactive mode and in Fig. 4 in an ejection position or ejection position AP or in an active mode.

[0047] The maximum ejection distance AW = AP - RP is in Fig. 4 shown as well as in Fig. 14.

[0048] The outer diameter DA of the ejector 52 is adapted to the outer diameter D4 of the section 42F of the workpiece 42, so that the upper flat side of the ejector head 62 of the ejector 52 as an ejector surface rests against a counter surface, in particular the lower, in particular ring-shaped, end face of the workpiece 42 in its section 42F and can transport it upwards.

[0049] According to the invention, the ejector 52 (or 50 and 51) is now used for cooling and lubricating or wetting the tool mold or die, in the example of the Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 of the die 32. Preferably, during the ejection direction AR, which is directed from the rest position RP to the ejection position AP, a coolant KM is introduced into the die 32 by means of the ejector 52, and during the retraction in the reverse movement RR, which is directed opposite to the ejection direction AR, lubricant (or: release agent, anti-stick agent) SM is introduced into the die 32 to prevent the workpiece 41 from sticking or adhering too strongly to the die 32 and to reduce tool wear.

[0050] The Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Fig. 10 to Fig. Figure 11 shows an embodiment of an ejector 50 with internal supply systems for supplying coolant KM, lubricant SM, air L and water W to the respective discharge openings. The one in the Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Fig. 10 to Fig. The ejector 50 shown in Figure 11 can also be designated as ejector 51 or 52 in the embodiments shown in Figure 11. Fig. 1 or Fig. 2 can be used.

[0051] The ejector 50 according to Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 to Fig. 7 features a central coolant supply system 80 for coolant KM, a lubricant supply system 90 for lubricant SM, a water supply system 100 for water W and an air supply system 110 for air L.

[0052] The coolant supply system 80 has an elongated coolant pipe 89 extending axially along the central axis A1 with an internal first central coolant channel 81, which opens axially into a second central coolant channel 82, which also extends axially to the axis A1 further upwards and in particular has a larger diameter than the coolant pipe 89.

[0053] In the upper region of the second central coolant channel 82, several radially outward-extending coolant channels 83 are provided, spaced equidistant from one another, particularly with respect to circumferential angles. The coolant KM, which flows axially from bottom to top along the arrows shown through the first central coolant channel 81 and then the second central coolant channel 82, now flows radially outward in the upper region of the coolant channel 82 through the radial coolant channels 83 into a coolant annular space 84 located further outward and from there through further radial outlet channels 85, continuing radially outward to the outlet openings 86. Through the outlet openings 86, the coolant KM then flows, streams, or is sprayed outward, as indicated.

[0054] The lower head area 260 of the ejector head 60 is cooled directly by heat conduction and convection by the coolant KM through the radial coolant channels or flow chambers 83, 84 and 85 extending over the entire width of the ejector shaft 70, as well as the central coolant channel 82 which extends a short distance into the ejector head 60.

[0055] Furthermore, the coolant KM exiting through the outlet openings 86 cools the inner wall of the flow mold or die, here the die 30, as the ejector 50 passes by.

[0056] The ejector 50 also has a lubricant supply system 90 for supplying lubricant SM.

[0057] The lubricant supply system 90 comprises a lubricant channel 91 arranged laterally or eccentrically to the axis A1 and a lubricant annular space 92 adjoining it axially to the axis A1 and furthermore individual lubricant channels 93 adjoining it axially and extending axially, which are arranged offset from each other by respective circumferential angles.

[0058] The lubricant channels 93 each open into an outlet channel 75 or 78 extending radially outwards to the axis A1, which opens radially outwards into an outlet opening 76 or 77 at the outer edge of the ejector shaft 70.

[0059] In the cut according to Fig. 10 can be seen that a plurality of radially extending outlet channels 75 are provided, which are arranged equidistantly to each other in a circumferential angle around the axis A1.

[0060] The ejector 50 now also has a water supply system 100 for supplying water W, in particular for mixing the water W with lubricant SM, which may be in the form of a concentrate, for example, or for using the water W alone or in combination with air L for cleaning and / or additional cooling of the die.

[0061] The water supply system 100 includes a lower water supply channel 101, which is designed as shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 can be identified on the side opposite or diametrically opposed to the central axis A1 to the lubricant channel 91, and a water annular space 102 into which the water supply channel 101 opens and which surrounds the axis A1. In the upper area, individual water channels 103 adjoin the water annular space 102, which run axially upwards and open into the outlet channels 75.

[0062] The air supply system 110 of the ejector 50 initially comprises air supply channels 111 arranged on opposite sides of the axis A1, which open axially upwards into an air annular space 112 that surrounds the coolant pipe 89 and encircles the axis A1, and an air distributor 87 arranged axially further upwards, which is in particular cylindrical and has a distributor interior 113. Viewed radially to the axis A1, the water annular space 102 is arranged between the lubricant annular space 92 on the one hand and the air annular space 112 on the other.

[0063] The air L flows axially through the air supply channels 111 and the air annular space 112 into the distributor interior 113 and from there through outlet openings in the air distributor 8, namely air outlet openings 115 for outlet channels 75 and 118 for outlet channels 78, into the respective outlet channels 75 and 78. The air outlet openings 115 and 118 are arranged in the wall of the air distributor 87. The coolant pipe 89 passes through the distributor 87, so that its air distributor interior 113 has an annular shape.

[0064] The air L flowing from the air outlet openings 115 and 118 into the outlet channels 75 and 78 can now carry or mix the water W or the lubricant SM or both through the outlet channel 75 or 78 to the respective outlet opening 76 or 77, so that each individual component L, W or SM or any mixture of two or three of these components can be supplied to the outlet openings 76 and 77.

[0065] The outlet channels 75 and the outlet openings 76 are preferably configured as shown in Fig. Figure 9 shows the components arranged in a first plane, and the outlet channels 78 and the associated outlet openings 77 are arranged in a second plane parallel to the first plane and offset axially along axis A1. The outlet openings 76 and 77 can be arranged offset from each other in the two different planes, such that between each pair of outlet openings 76 in one plane, there is an outlet opening 77 in the other axially offset plane. With a structurally stable design, this results in a uniform flow of the exiting media (air L and / or water W and / or lubricant SM) outwards towards the die.

[0066] In Fig. In 11, the axial width of the arrangement of the outlet openings 76 and 77, which thus encompasses both planes, is denoted by a, and the circumferentially measured distance between the centers of two adjacent outlet openings 76 of one plane and 77 of the other plane is denoted by b, such that the outlet openings 76 of one plane are arranged circumferentially offset by b relative to the outlet openings 77 of the other plane. The diameters of the outlet openings 76 and 77, which are all the same size in the illustrated embodiment, are given in Fig. 11 is labelled with d.

[0067] Naturally, the shape and / or size of the outlet openings 76 and 77 can also differ from one another, and a different arrangement of the outlet openings 76 and 77 can be chosen than in the illustrated embodiments. For example, different nozzle shapes are also possible.

[0068] In contrast to the embodiment shown, it is also possible, for example, that only the lubricant channels 93 for the lubricant SM open into the upper outlet channels 75 and the water channels 103 only into the lower distribution channels 78 or vice versa, so that only one medium or only a mixture of two of the media can exit at the outlet openings.

[0069] However, it is preferred that different vertical or axial channels open into each of the radial outlet channels to allow any mixture of the different media L, SM and W.

[0070] Finally, a supply line assembly 120 consisting of supply lines for the four media to be supplied, coolant KM, air L, lubricant SM and water W, is provided, which connects axially below the ejector 50 and is coupled to it.

[0071] Control components not shown in detail are provided for controlling the feed systems 80, 90, 100 and 110 of the media to be fed KM, SM, W and L, in particular pumps, valves or valve flaps and corresponding, preferably electronic, control units. Such components are known per se and are therefore not shown in detail.

[0072] The feeding systems 80, 90, 100, and 110, and their channels and flow chambers, are preferably constructed modularly from individual modular components that can be individually installed or mounted in the ejector shaft body 72 of the ejector shaft 70 in specific assembly steps and can also be removed and disassembled accordingly, for example, in the event of a required replacement or adaptation to other specifications. The individual components and the corresponding feeding systems can thus be variably adapted to the specifications of specific forming devices.

[0073] In the illustrated embodiments, the first central coolant channel 81 runs through the coolant tube 89, and the second central coolant channel 82 runs, at least in a central region, within a coolant cylinder insert 88, the wall of which radially delimits the coolant channel 82. The inner radial coolant channels 83 are formed in the coolant cylinder insert 88. The coolant cylinder insert is axially inserted into a receiving chamber 188, designed as a bore, of an ejector shaft body 72 of the ejector shaft 70. The receiving chamber 188 is formed in the ejector shaft body 72 in an axial direction to the axis A1, extending from the upper end face of the ejector shaft body 72 facing the ejector head 60.

[0074] From the lower end face facing away from the ejector head 60, a further receiving chamber 198, designed, for example, as a substantially cylindrical bore, extends into the ejector shaft body 72, into which the components for forming the feeding systems 90, 100 and 110 are inserted. A central passage 197 is provided in the ejector shaft body 72 between the lower receiving chamber 189 and the upper receiving chamber 188.

[0075] The axially extending lubricant channels 93 and air channels 103 as well as the transversely or radially extending outlet channels 75 and 76 are formed in a common distributor body 201, which is annular or approximately hollow cylindrical and is, preferably first, introduced into the receiving space 198 from the lower end face.

[0076] The air distributor 87 is then inserted into the interior enclosed and freed by the annular distributor body 201, such that its outlet openings 115 are aligned with the outlet channels 75 and 78 in the distributor body 201. The distributor body 201 is further arranged so that the outlets of its air outlet channels 75 and 76 are aligned with the extensions of the outlet channels provided in the ejector shaft body 72, which open into the outlet openings 76 and 77. To facilitate alignment, corresponding positioning aids for correct angular positioning can be provided (not shown).

[0077] On the, for example, stepped, stop surfaces of the distributor body 201, a hollow cylindrical outer tube body 202, an inner tube body 203, and a further inner hollow body 204 are attached radially from the outside in, each being inserted into the receiving chamber 198. The outer tube body 202 rests against the inside of the receiving chamber 198 in the ejector shaft body 72, as does the distributor body 201 with its outer surface. The hollow body 204 is inserted into the distributor body 201 in its upper region and is axially spaced slightly from the air distributor 87. Finally, the coolant pipe 89 is guided centrally through the hollow body 204, the air distributor 87, and the passage 197.

[0078] The inner hollow body 204, together with the inner tube body 203 and the distributor body 201 above, defines the water annular space 102. The outer tube body 202, the inner tube body 203, and, in the lower area, the hollow body 204 together define the lubricant annular space 92. The inner tube body 203 and the coolant pipe 89 together define the air annular space 112.

[0079] The basic sequence of this use of the ejector and the method according to the invention is described in the Fig. 12, Fig. 13, Fig. 14, Fig. 15 to Fig. 16 shown.

[0080] The in Fig. 12, Fig. 13, Fig. 14, Fig. 15 to Fig. Ejector 53 shown in Figure 16 has, preferably in an upper area, coolant outlet openings 86 for the release of coolant KM and, preferably in a lower area, outlet openings 76 for the release of lubricant SM, which may also be mixed with air L and / or water W.

[0081] In Fig. 12. In the ejector direction AR, the ejector 53 moves upwards in the die 33 and cools the die 33 on its inner wall after a flow pressing operation by means of the coolant KM exiting through the coolant outlet openings 86. This takes place over the entire ejection path AW up to the uppermost ejection position AP, as shown in the following Fig. 13 and Fig. 14 shown. In the Fig. 12 the ejector 53 is in the rest position RP and in the Fig. 15 in ejection position AP. The workpiece ejected by the ejector is in Fig. 12, Fig. 13 to Fig. 14 not shown and is in the states according to Fig. 15 and Fig. 16 have already been ejected.

[0082] Now, as a starting point from Fig. 14 in Fig. 15 and Fig. Figure 16 shows that, after the workpiece (not shown) is ejected, lubricant SM is released through the outlet openings 76 from the ejector 53 and lubricates or wets the inner wall of the die 33 during the return movement of the ejector 53 in the return direction RR. Fig. 15 the ejector 53 is finally back in the rest position RP and the process or sequence according to Fig. 12, Fig. 13, Fig. 14, Fig. 15 to Fig. 16 can start again.

[0083] The dispensing or spraying of media KM, SM, L, and W by means of the ejector 50 is not limited to this process, but can generally take place wholly or partially during the movement from rest position RP to ejection position AP and / or back. Furthermore, the media KM, SM, W, and L can be dispensed individually or in any combination. Between the different media or before or after a media application, the media channels or flow chambers can be purged with another medium, preferably air or air enriched with other media. It is also possible for the ejector to be supplied with a medium even in its rest position, so that, for example, the lower area of ​​the extrusion device 10, 11, 12 or the machine bed 34 can be continuously cooled or lubricated.

[0084] According to the invention, the ejector can introduce a cooling medium and / or lubricant. Different media can also be introduced during the opposite movements of the ejector from the rest position to the ejection position and back, so that the ejector introduces at least one medium into the device during the ejection movement and at least one other medium during the opposite return movement.

[0085] The flow rate of the media can vary during the ejector's movement. For example, less coolant may be introduced near the rest position and more near the ejection position, since most media flow downwards in the die or die carrier due to gravity. An opposite distribution is conceivable for lubricants, as the workpiece deformation is greater in the upper part of the die than in the lower part, potentially requiring a larger quantity of lubricant in the lower area. Other control patterns are also possible, and each extrusion device can be controlled individually and independently. Furthermore, not every ejector movement necessarily involves a media flow rate.

[0086] For cooling media, it has proven advantageous to maintain a certain minimum flow rate through at least one of the openings throughout the entire operation.

[0087] The method also makes it possible to flush at least one channel with at least one other medium, preferably compressed air, before it is supplied with a medium. This flushing can begin in the area of ​​the annular transitions if several supply lines terminate in one transition, but it can also be initiated at the beginning of the flexible supply lines and thus affect the entire supply line including the media channel.

[0088] It is of course possible to flush between different media using at least one other medium. Simultaneous application of different media, which are then mixed in the area of ​​the ring-shaped transitions, is also possible. This allows multi-component aids to be mixed only when specifically needed.

[0089] Suitable media include water, water-graphite-based agents, and / or compressed air. However, other media and mixtures are also conceivable depending on the application, such as oil-based media. Reference symbol list 10, 11, 12 Flow pressing device 20, 21, 22 stamps 20A Stamp area 21A, 21B Stamp area 22A, 22B Stamp area 30, 31, 32, 33 matrix 30A, 31A, 32A shaping surface 30B, 31B shoulder 34 Press table 35 stands 38 flap 39 Actuating device 40, 41, 42 Workpiece 40A cavity 41A, 41B cavity 41C wall thickness 41D Floor area 42A, 42B cavity 42C wall thickness 42D floor area 42E, 42F sub-area 42D floor area 48 Collection area 50, 51, 52, 53 Ejector 60 ejector head 67 Lubricating jet 70 Ejector shaft 75 Outlet channel 76, 77 Exit opening 78 Outlet channel 80 Coolant supply system 81 first central coolant channel 82 second central coolant channel 83 radial coolant channels 84 Coolant annular space 85 Coolant outlet channel 86 Coolant outlet 87 air distributors 88 Coolant cylinder insert 89 central coolant pipe 90 Lubricant supply system 91 Lubricant channel 92 Lubricant annular space 93 Lubricant channel 100 Water supply system 101 Water supply channel 102 Water ring space 103 Water canal 110 Air supply system 111 Air supply duct 112 Air ring space 113 Air distribution interior 115, 118 air outlet openings 120 supply line network 121 strain reliefs 122 stiffeners 130, 131, 132 Matrix carriers 152 Supporting institution 160 mm contact area 188 Recording Room 197 Transit point 198 Recording room 201 Distributor bodies 202 Outer tube body 203 Inner tube body 204 inner hollow body 260 lower head area A Ejector axis A1, A2, A3 ejector axis AP ejection position AR ejection direction RP Resting position RR Reverse direction DI inner diameter h1, h2, h3, h4 height VR feed direction FR Flow direction D Outer diameter of the ejector shaft DA Outer diameter of the ejector head D1 Diameter of the punch area 20A D2 Diameter of the punch area 21A and 22A D3 maximum diameter of the punch area 21B and 22B d diameter a width b offset KM coolant SM lubricants Water L air

Claims

[1] Device (10, 11, 12) for forming, in particular extrusion, metallic workpieces (40, 41, 42) with a) at least one first forming tool (30, 31, 32, 33) for receiving a workpiece (40, 41, 42) and at least one second forming tool (20, 21, 22) that can be at least partially inserted into or moved onto the first forming tool (30, 31, 32, 33) for forming the workpiece (40, 41, 42) such that a forming surface (30A, 31A, 32A) of the first forming tool (30, 31, 32, 33) is at least partially formed onto a first surface of the workpiece (40, 41, 42) and a forming surface (20A, 21A, 21B, 22A, 22B) of the second forming tool (20, 21, 22) is at least partially formed onto a second surface of the depicts workpiece (40, 41, 42), b) at least one ejector (50, 51, 52, 53) for ejecting a workpiece (40, 41, 42) after forming or after the second forming tool (20, 21, 22) has been extended from or out of the first forming tool (30, 31, 32, 33), c) wherein the ejector (50, 51, 52, 53) moves in an ejection motion, in particular from a rest position (RP), against the workpiece (40, 41, 42) and strips or detaches the workpiece (40, 41, 42) from the forming surface (30A, 31A, 32A) of the first forming tool (30, 31, 32, 33) and ejects it to an ejection position (AP), d) wherein the ejector (50, 51, 52, 53) retracts in a return movement after removing the ejected workpiece (40, 41, 42) and before ejecting a new workpiece (40, 41, 42), in particular to the rest position (RP) and e) wherein the ejector (50, 51, 52, 53) passes at least the forming surface (30A, 31A, 32A) of the first forming tool (30, 31, 32, 33) both in the ejection movement and in the return movement, f) wherein the ejector (50, 51, 52, 53) has at least one feeding system (80, 90, 100, 110) for feeding at least one fluid medium (KM, L+W+SM) to the forming surface (30A, 31A, 32A) of the first forming tool (30, 31, 32, 33) at least temporarily during the ejection movement and / or at least temporarily during the retraction movement, g) wherein the feed system (80, 90, 100, 110) of the ejector (50, 51, 52, 53) has at least one cooling medium feed system (80) for at least one cooling medium (CM), which has at least one central cooling medium channel (81, 82) which continues into several, in particular equidistantly spaced, outwardly extending cooling medium channels (83) which open into an annular space (84) from which outwardly extending outlet channels (85) lead to outlet openings (76, 77, 86), h) wherein the ejector (50, 51, 52, 53) has an ejector head (60) with an ejector surface with which the ejector (50, 51, 52, 53) moves against a counter surface on the workpiece (40, 41, 42), and an ejector shaft (70) which carries the ejector head (60), i) wherein the end region of the central cooling medium channel (81, 82), the outwardly extending cooling medium channels (83), the annular space (84) and the outlet channels (85) in the ejector head (60) or in the ejector shaft (70) are formed directly adjacent to the ejector head (60) in order to cool the ejector head (60) by means of the cooling medium (CM). [2] Device (10, 11, 12) according to claim 1, wherein the at least one feeding system (80, 90, 100, 110) of the ejector (50, 51, 52, 53) supplies at least one first fluid medium (KM, L+W+SM) to the forming surface (30A, 31A, 32A) of the first forming tool (30, 31, 32, 33) during the ejection movement, in particular a cooling medium (KM) for cooling the first forming tool (30, 31, 32, 33) at least at the forming surface (30A, 31A, 32A), and supplies at least one second fluid medium to the forming surface (30A, 31A, 32A) of the first forming tool (30, 31, 32, 33) during the return movement, in particular a Lubricating or non-stick medium (L+W+SM) for lubricating or non-stick coating the first forming tool (30, 31, 32, 33) at least on its forming surface (30A, 31A, 32A) before receiving a new workpiece to be formed (40, 41, 42). [3] Device (10, 11, 12) according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the at least one feed system (80, 90, 100, 110) has outlet openings (76, 77, 86) on the ejector (50, 51, 52, 53), preferably on an outer side or lateral surface and / or on an ejector shaft (70) of the ejector (50, 51, 52, 53), for the at least one fluid medium (KM, L+W+SM). [4] Device (10, 11, 12) according to claim 2 and claim 3, wherein the at least one feed system (80, 90, 100, 110) has first outlet openings (86) for the first fluid medium (KM) and has second outlet openings (76, 77) for the second fluid medium (SM, SM+L+W), wherein preferably the first outlet openings (86) are arranged offset from the second outlet openings (76, 77), preferably in the direction of the ejection movement. [5] Device (10, 11, 12) according to claim 3 or claim 4, wherein the at least one feed system (80, 90, 100, 110) has feed channels connected to the outlet openings (76, 77, 86) within the ejector (50, 51, 52, 53) and / or wherein the at least one feed system (80, 90, 100, 110) has outlet channels (75, 78) each opening into at least one outlet opening (76, 77), and wherein at least a number n of feed channels (93, 103, 113, 115) for feeding m different media open into each of the outlet channels (75, 78), wherein n is a natural number greater than 1 and m is a natural number less than or equal to n, wherein preferably optionally an arbitrary number the feed channels (93, 103, 113, 115) can be enabled or disabled to supply each of the m media individually, or several or all of the m media in any combination, to the associated outlet channel (75, 78) and thus to the associated outlet opening(s) (76, 77,86) to be able to supply., [6] Device (10, 11, 12) according to claim 5, in which at least one air supply channel (113, 115) for supplying air (L) and, preferably downstream to the opening of the air supply channel (113, 115), at least one lubricant or anti-stick medium supply channel (93) for supplying lubricant or anti-stick medium (SM) open into each of the outlet channels (75, 78), and in which preferably also a water supply channel (103), preferably between the opening of the air supply channel (113, 115) and the opening of the lubricant or anti-stick medium supply channel (93), opens into each outlet channel. [7] Device (10, 11, 12) according to claim 5 or claim 6, wherein a first group of outlet openings (76) are arranged in a first plane and a second group of outlet openings (77) are arranged in a second plane, preferably offset axially along the axis (A1) and parallel to the first plane, wherein outlet openings (76, 77) are preferably arranged offset from each other in the two different planes, preferably such that an outlet opening (77) of the second plane is arranged between each of two outlet openings (76) of the first plane. [8] Device (10, 11, 12) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the feed system (80, 90, 100, 110) of the ejector (50, 51, 52, 53) comprises at least one lubricant or anti-stick medium feed for supplying lubricant or anti-stick medium (SM), which has at least one lubricant or anti-stick medium channel (91) arranged, preferably laterally or eccentrically to a central axis (A1) of the ejector (50, 51, 52, 53), and a lubricant or anti-stick medium annular space (92) adjoining thereto, preferably axially, and furthermore individual lubricant or anti-stick medium channels (93) adjoining thereto, preferably axially, and preferably axially extending, which are preferably arranged offset from each other by respective circumferential angles, wherein the lubricant or anti-stick medium channels 93 preferably each open into an outlet channel (75 or) extending, preferably radially outwards to the axis (A1). 78) flow into. [9] Device (10, 11, 12) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the feed system (80, 90, 100, 110) of the ejector (50, 51, 52, 53) has at least one water supply system (100) for supplying water (W), in particular for mixing the water (W) with lubricating or anti-stick medium (SM) or in particular for using the water (W) alone or in combination with air (L) for cleaning and / or additionally cooling the forming tool and / or the ejector (50, 51, 52, 53) or parts thereof of its feed system (80, 90, 100, 110), wherein the water supply system (100) preferably has a water supply channel (101) which is preferably arranged on a side opposite or diametrically opposite to the lubricating or anti-stick medium channel (91) with respect to the central axis (A1), and preferably a water annular space (102) into which the water supply channel (101) opens and which preferably encloses the axis (A1),wherein preferably individual water channels (103) connect to the water annular space (102) and, preferably extending axially upwards, open into the outlet channels (75, 78). [10] Device (10, 11, 12) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the feed system (80, 90, 100, 110) of the ejector (50, 51, 52, 53) has at least one air supply system (110) which has air supply channels (111) preferably arranged on opposite sides of the axis (A1), which preferably open axially upwards into an air annular space (112) which preferably surrounds the central cooling medium channel (81, 82) and an air distributor (87) preferably arranged axially further upwards, which is in particular cylindrical and / or preferably has a distributor interior (113) and air outlet openings (115, 118) in the wall of the air distributor (87) associated with the outlet channels (75, 78), wherein in particular the central cooling medium channel (81, 82) is air distributor (87) is passed through, preferably with the air outlet openings (115, 118) in the outlet channels (75,78) are arranged upstream of the openings of the lubricating or anti-stick medium channels (93) and / or the openings of the water channels (103) and / or wherein incoming air (L) can be mixed with water (W) and / or lubricating or anti-stick medium (SM). [11] Method for forming, in particular extrusion, metallic workpieces (40, 41, 42), comprising the following process steps: a) Forming a workpiece (40, 41, 42) between at least two forming tools, wherein a forming surface (30A, 31A, 32A) of the first forming tool (30, 31, 32, 33) is at least partially formed on a surface of the workpiece (40, 41, 42) and a forming surface (20A, 21A, 21B, 22A, 22B) of the second forming tool (20, 21, 22) is at least partially formed on another surface of the workpiece (40, 41, 42), b) Ejection of a workpiece (40, 41, 42) after forming by means of an ejector (50, 51, 52, 53) which moves in an ejection motion, in particular from a rest position (RP), against the workpiece (40, 41, 42) and strips or detaches the workpiece (40, 41, 42) from the forming surface (30A, 31A, 32A) of at least one forming tool and ejects it to an ejection position (AP), c) Retraction of the ejector (50, 51, 52, 53) in a retraction movement after removal of the ejected workpiece (40, 41, 42) and before forming a new workpiece (40, 41, 42), e) wherein the ejector (50, 51, 52, 53) passes at least the forming surface (30A, 31A, 32A) of the first forming tool (30, 31, 32, 33) both in the ejection movement and in the return movement, f) wherein, by means of at least one supply system (80, 90, 100, 110) of the ejector (50, 51, 52, 53), cooling medium (KM) is supplied to the first forming tool at least temporarily during the ejection movement and / or lubricating and / or non-stick medium (SM) is supplied to the first forming tool (30, 31, 32, 33) at least on its forming surface (30A, 31A, 32A) during the return movement, g) wherein the feed system (80, 90, 100, 110) of the ejector (50, 51, 52, 53) has at least one cooling medium feed system (80) for at least one cooling medium (CM), which has at least one central cooling medium channel (81, 82) which continues into several, in particular equidistantly spaced, outwardly extending cooling medium channels (83) which open into an annular space (84) from which outwardly extending outlet channels (85) lead to outlet openings (76, 77, 86), h) wherein the ejector (50, 51, 52, 53) has an ejector head (60) with an ejector surface with which the ejector (50, 51, 52, 53) moves against a counter surface on the workpiece (40, 41, 42), and an ejector shaft (70) which carries the ejector head (60), i) wherein the end region of the central cooling medium channel (81, 82), the outwardly extending cooling medium channels (83), the annular space (84) and the outlet channels (85) in the ejector head (60) or in the ejector shaft (70) are formed directly adjacent to the ejector head (60) in order to cool the ejector head (60) by means of the cooling medium (CM). [12] Method according to claim 11, wherein a device (10, 11, 12) according to any one of claims 1 to 10 is used.

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