Infrared heater for heating the interior of a motor vehicle

Abstract

Heat radiators (10), in particular infrared radiators, for heating an interior (16) of a motor vehicle, with a solid (12) for generating heat and several radiation elements (14) projecting from the solid (12) for the emission of heat radiation, wherein the radiation elements (14) form an uneven emission surface (18) for the thermal radiation characterized by the fact that at least part of the radiation elements (14) has a rounded surface to form the emission surface (18) or a triangular cross-section.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a heat radiator with the help of which the interior of a motor vehicle can be heated.

[0002] From EP 2 055 216 A1 a radiant cooking appliance is known in which the heat radiation emitted by a smooth outer surface of a rod-shaped heat radiation emitter is directed by means of reflectors onto an area to be heated in order to heat a foodstuff.

[0003] DE 10 2011 112 757 A1 shows a heat radiant heater for heating the interior of a motor vehicle, in which a heating device is surrounded by an outer element having through holes, wherein the heat radiation emitted by the heating device can pass through the material of the outer element via the through holes.

[0004] JP 2013 - 216 155 A shows a heat radiator in which a heater is surrounded by a thermally conductive plastic material with particles on a metal plate, which has rectangular depressions or protrusions on its outside.

[0005] There is a constant need to maintain a comfortable temperature in the interior of a motor vehicle for a passenger.

[0006] The object of the invention is to demonstrate measures that enable a comfortably tempered interior for a passenger in a motor vehicle.

[0007] The problem is solved according to the invention by a heat radiator with the features of claim 1. Preferred embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims and the following description, each of which can individually or in combination represent an aspect of the invention.

[0008] According to the invention, a heat radiator, in particular an infrared radiator, is provided for heating the interior of a motor vehicle, comprising a solid body for generating heat and several radiation elements projecting from the solid body for emitting heat radiation, wherein the radiation elements form an uneven emission surface for the heat radiation, and wherein at least part of the radiation elements has a rounded surface for forming the emission surface or a triangular cross-section.

[0009] The multiple protruding radiating elements allow the emission surface of the heat emitter to be roughened and uneven, particularly similar to a diffuser for visible light. Compared to a smooth surface, the emission surface has a larger area, making it possible to emit a greater amount of heat radiation with a comparable amount of solid material. This increased radiation output is achieved through the larger emission surface available for heat radiation, thus avoiding the need to raise the heat radiation dose to a level that might be perceived as unpleasant by a passenger in the vehicle's interior. Simultaneously, the uneven emission surface, composed primarily of the radiating elements, enables a more diffused emission of the heat radiation.This makes it possible to deliberately direct at least a portion of the heat radiation away from the passenger, so that this portion is only reflected and indirectly reaches the passenger. This prevents the passenger from experiencing strong, unpleasant heat exposure. In particular, it prevents individual areas of the passenger's skin from drying out at high heat output settings. The uneven emission surface achieved with the protruding radiation elements allows for increased heat radiation output, which, due to the scattering effect of the uneven surface, is not perceived as uncomfortably strong heat by the passenger, thus ensuring a comfortably tempered interior for the passenger.

[0010] The rounded surface allows for a variety of radiation directions, enabling the heat radiation to be diffused, particularly in a regularly and / or continuously distributed manner. This allows for a particularly large area to be covered by the emitted heat radiation. The radiation element is designed, for example, as part of a sphere, especially a spherical cap.

[0011] The heat emitter can, for example, be designed as an infrared lamp. Preferably, the solid body and / or the radiating elements emit heat radiation in the form of electromagnetic waves whose frequency has a maximum in the infrared and / or near-infrared range. In particular, at least a large proportion of the power converted into heat radiation occurs in the non-visible frequency range. Preferably, a surface area A of the emission surface is formed by the radiating elements, wherein, in particular, a surface area A of the emission surface is formed by the solid body, where, in particular, A ≤ 0.40 ≤ 1.00, preferably A ≤ 0.98, more preferably A ≤ 0.75 ≤ A ≤ 0.95, and most preferably A ≤ 0.80 ≤ A ≤ 0.90.

[0012] In particular, the radiating elements are integrally formed with the solid body. The radiating elements can be formed, for example, by machining and / or plastic deformation of the solid body, which is initially a blank. The term "solid body" here refers to a part of the heat radiator that has a smooth, preferably plane, outer surface on which the radiating elements are mounted. The smooth outer surface of the solid body is understood to be a straight or curved plane that passes through the endpoints of the deepest depressions of the emission surface. In particular, the solid body is designed as a flat plate.

[0013] Preferably, the radiant elements emit thermal radiation in a first direction and thermal radiation in a second direction different from the first. It is also possible for the radiant elements to emit thermal radiation in more than two directions. Compared to a smooth, flat surface, the thermal radiation can be emitted in two or more different directions. This allows, in particular, the radiation dose and / or intensity to be reduced directly in front of the radiant heater, while increasing the overall heat flux of the heater. The radiant heater can thus be intuitively oriented towards a passenger, with the emitted thermal radiation also, or even predominantly, radiated laterally rather than directly.This allows the interior to be heated quickly without the emitted heat radiation being perceived as unpleasant by the passenger.

[0014] Particularly preferred are the first and second radiation directions inclined at the same angle or at different angles to a smooth outer surface of the solid body facing the radiation elements. With equal angles, the radiation intensity can exhibit a substantially symmetrical profile from a frontally directed center line of the heat emitter in the radial and / or lateral direction, such that the preferably irradiated areas are at a comparable distance from the center line. With unequal angles, it is possible to designate a preferentially irradiated area within a single, specific region.For example, although the heat emitter is directed frontally towards the passenger, it may preferentially radiate past the passenger onto a side wall of the vehicle, so that a significant part of the heat radiation is only reflected by the side wall and thus can reach the passenger in an even more scattered form.

[0015] In particular, a large portion of the thermal radiation emitted in the first or second direction strikes a neighboring radiation element. A portion of the emitted thermal radiation can thus be absorbed and / or reflected by a neighboring radiation element. This can cause the neighboring radiation element to shade a specific direction of emission, resulting in a particularly strong imbalance in radiation intensities between at least two different emission directions. This can increase the intensity of a particular preferred direction for the emitted thermal radiation.

[0016] Preferably, adjacent radiation elements are either directly adjacent to one another or spaced apart. The area fraction of the solid body on the emission surface can be influenced by the distance between the adjacent radiation elements, which can also be zero. This simultaneously allows the proportion of thermal radiation emitted frontally by the solid body past the radiation elements to be determined.

[0017] In particular, at least some of the radiating elements have a surface composed of smooth sub-surfaces to form the emission surface. Each smooth sub-surface is assigned exactly one emission direction. The emission of thermal radiation can thus be concentrated in specific directions.

[0018] Preferably, the radiant elements have a maximum extent d of 0.001 mm ≤ d ≤ 5.0 mm, particularly 0.010 mm ≤ d ≤ 1.0 mm, and preferably 0.10 mm ≤ d ≤ 0.50 mm. The radiant elements are thus designed to be so small that, if a passenger touches the interior-facing radiant elements, they can only contact the tips due to the width of a typical human finger. This prevents the passenger's fingers from coming into contact with the radiant heater. Furthermore, a sufficiently large gap is formed between the tips of the radiant elements, which the passenger cannot easily touch. The three-dimensional design of the radiant elements can also provide contact protection, preventing burns from contact with the radiant heater.

[0019] The invention further relates to an air conditioning system for climate control of a motor vehicle's interior, comprising a heat radiator, in particular one exposed to the interior, which can be designed and further developed as described above. The uneven emission surface of the heat radiator, achieved with the aid of the projecting radiating elements, allows for increased heat radiation output. Due to the scattering effect of the uneven emission surface, this heat radiation is not perceived by a passenger as an uncomfortably strong radiant heat, thus enabling a comfortably tempered interior for the passenger.

[0020] The invention is explained below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, wherein the features shown below can represent an aspect of the invention, either individually or in combination. The drawings show: Fig. 1: A schematic side view of a first embodiment of a heat radiator, Fig. 2: a schematic side view of a second embodiment of a heat radiator, Fig. 3: a schematic side view of a third embodiment of a heat radiator and Fig. 4: A schematic side view of a fourth embodiment of a heat radiator.

[0021] In the Fig. In the illustrated embodiment of the heat emitter 10, a solid body 12 is provided from which several radiating elements 14 protrude. The radiating elements 14 are exposed towards the interior 16 of a motor vehicle. In the illustrated embodiment, the radiating elements 14 are rounded, for example, as spherical segments. The free surfaces of the radiating elements 14 facing the interior 16 and the free outer surface 22 of the solid body 12 between the radiating elements 14 together form an emission surface 18, via which heat radiation can be emitted into the interior 16. Due to the three-dimensional design of the radiating elements 14, the emission surface 18 is significantly larger than the outer surface 22 of the solid body 12 without the radiating elements 14. Furthermore, the emitted heat radiation can be scattered.

[0022] At the in Fig. The embodiment of the heat radiator 10 shown in 2 has, in comparison to the one in Fig. In the embodiment of the heat radiator 10 shown in Figure 1, the radiation elements 14 have a triangular cross-section. The radiation elements 14 can, for example, be designed as a pyramid with a square base. The square base of the radiation elements 14 makes it possible to form the emission surface 18 facing the interior 16 essentially entirely with the radiation elements 14. In this case, the radiation elements 14 are composed of planar sub-surfaces 20, each sub-surface 20 being assigned exactly one predetermined direction of radiation.

[0023] At the in Fig. The embodiment of the heat radiator 10 shown in section 3 differs from the one shown in Fig. Figure 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of the heat radiator 10, in which radiant elements 14 of different shapes are provided simultaneously. In the illustrated embodiment, the different radiant elements 14 are composed of flat partial surfaces 20, although it is also possible for the radiant elements 14 to be rounded. The differently shaped radiant elements 14 can differ, for example, in that the partial surfaces 20 of the different radiant elements 14 are beveled to different degrees towards the outer surface 22 of the solid body 12. It is also possible that the partial surfaces 20 of one radiant element are beveled by the same amount and the partial surfaces 20 of another radiant element are beveled by different amounts.

[0024] At the in Fig. The embodiment of the heat radiator 10 shown in section 4 differs from the one shown in Fig. In the embodiment of the heat radiator 10 shown in Figure 2, the partial surfaces 20 of the radiation elements 14 are not inclined to the outside 22 of the solid body 12 by the same amount, but by different amounts. In the illustrated embodiment, one partial surface is inclined in such a way that a large part of the Fig. 4. Heat radiation emitted to the right strikes an adjacent radiation element 14, where this heat radiation can be absorbed and / or reflected. This results in Fig. 4 to the right hardly emitted any heat radiation and accordingly more in Fig. 4 beams to the left. The one in Fig. The 4 depicted heat radiators therefore exhibit a very strong directional dependence of the emitted heat radiation.

Claims

[1] Heat radiators (10), in particular infrared radiators, for heating an interior (16) of a motor vehicle, with a solid (12) for generating heat and several radiation elements (14) projecting from the solid (12) for the emission of heat radiation, wherein the radiation elements (14) form an uneven emission surface (18) for the thermal radiation characterized by , that at least part of the radiation elements (14) has a rounded surface to form the emission surface (18) or a triangular cross-section. [2] Heat radiant heater (10) according to claim 1 characterized by , that the radiation elements (14) are formed integrally with the solid body (12). [3] Heat radiant heater (10) according to claim 1 or 2 characterized by, that the radiation elements (14) emit heat radiation in a first direction of radiation and heat radiation in a second direction of radiation different from the first direction of radiation. [4] Heat radiant heater (10) according to claim 3 characterized by , that the first direction of radiation and the second direction of radiation are inclined to a smooth outer surface (22) of the solid (12) pointing towards the radiation elements (14) by the same angle or by different angles. [5] Heat radiant heater (10) according to claim 3 or 4 characterized by , that a large proportion of the heat radiation emitted in the first direction of radiation or in the second direction of radiation strikes an adjacent radiation element (14). [6] Heat radiator (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 5 characterized by , that adjacent radiation elements (14) are directly adjacent to each other or are spaced apart from each other by a distance. [7] Heat radiator (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 6 characterized by , that at least part of the radiation elements (14) has a surface composed of smooth sub-surfaces (20) to form the emission surface (18). [8] Heat radiator (10) according to one of claims 1 to 7 characterized by , that the radiation elements (14) have a maximum extent d of 0.001 mm ≤ d ≤ 5.0 mm, in particular 0.010 mm ≤ d ≤ 1.0 mm and preferably 0.10 mm ≤ d ≤ 0.50 mm. [9] Air conditioning system for air conditioning an interior (16) of a motor vehicle with a heat radiator (10) exposed in particular to the interior (16) according to one of claims 1 to 8.

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